必修第一册 Unit 5 Into the wild（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦语篇逻辑与题型解法，通过不同题材阅读及七选五训练，系统培养推理、概括等语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇（12题）|推理判断题结合上下文分析，主旨题概括段落大意，细节题精准定位，标题题抓核心内容|按“题型-解法”对应，通过说明文（环境/动物行为）、记叙文（探险）语篇，构建“原文信息-逻辑推理-结论生成”链条| |七选五|1篇（5题）|分析上下文逻辑（转折/总分），关注指代关系与段落衔接|以南极探险经历为语篇载体，训练“句间逻辑-段落结构-语篇连贯”的层级分析能力|

[对应知能达标训练P449] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，七选五每题2.5分，本试卷共42.5分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·湖北八市二模)Killer whales hunt fish with clicks and buzzes—they choose and chase their prey with sound waves.But a feature of modern ocean life may be like a salmon's invisible cloak(隐形斗篷)，making the whales' favorite meal harder to find.What is to blame? Boat traffic noise. Ocean noise has been increasing over the years，and an international research team recently reported in Global Change Biology that when the water got too noisy，whales spent more time looking for food but caught fewer fish.The study tracked every move and sound that individual killer whales made，as well as the sound reaching those whales.This is the first time scientists have linked noise reaching a given killer whale to their foraging(觅食) success，says lead author Jennifer Tennessen. The noise problem is one that Tennessen views as chronic，yet possibly more straightforward to fix than decreasing fish populations or pollution—ships could simply slow down to make less noise.Fortunately，with the guidance of both governmental and nongovernmental groups，some ship operators are slowing down. The Vancouver Fraser Port Authority in Canada reported in 2023 that 87 percent of ships slowed or moved over for southern resident whales in critical habitat，which led to a decrease of 4.2 decibels (分贝) compared to 2019，before slowdowns began.Washington ports and other local authorities join in a program of voluntary slowdowns in Washington waters called Quiet Sound，which offers information on killer whale locations.About 70 percent of ships follow Quiet Sound's guidelines and voluntarily slow down in killer whale critical habitat. The talk about innovations in propeller(螺旋桨) technology is also positive.A propeller，for example，is based on a design for a quieter drone propeller.If claims of a more efficient and quieter boat propeller are true，that's good news for both reducing fuel use and quieting traffic. Tennessen says increasing ship noise is a problem in oceans around the world.“We're finally able to measure the impacts that it's having on wildlife，” she says，“and we're finding that the impacts are numerous.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的海洋噪声污染给虎鲸的捕猎带来了困扰，为此，相关方从不同方面投入力量改变这一现状。 1．Why does the author mention a salmon's invisible cloak? A．To introduce the feature of sound waves. B．To describe the environment of whales' hunting. C．To emphasize the invisibility of the cloak. D．To demonstrate the characteristic of whales' hunting. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可知，船只噪声像是鲑鱼(虎鲸最喜爱的食物)的隐形斗篷，使得虎鲸觅食更加困难。这里使用一个比喻描述了虎鲸捕食时面对的环境干扰。故选B。 答案　B 2．What do the statistics indicate in paragraph 4? A．Noise reduction is ineffective. B．Ship operators ignore guidelines. C．Quiet Sound prioritizes noise monitoring. D．Voluntary slowdowns lead to noise reduction. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...in 2023 that 87 percent of ships slowed or moved over for southern resident whales in critical habitat，which led to a decrease of 4.2 decibels compared to 2019，before slowdowns began.”可知，87%的船只在关键栖息地为南方居留型虎鲸减速或让路，从而实现了噪声水平的有效降低。由此可知，第四段中的数据表明自愿减速使噪声减少。故选D。 答案　D 3．What is the significance of propeller technology innovations? A．To address noise issues. B．To reduce fuel efficiency. C．To follow Quiet Sound's guidelines. D．To help measure influences on wildlife. 解析　推理判断题。从文章逻辑分析，第四段说明自愿减速使噪声减少，由第五段第一句可知，螺旋桨技术创新也有积极意义(also positive)。由此可以推断，第五段说明降噪的另一种方法——螺旋桨创新。第五段最后一句“If claims of a more efficient and quieter boat propeller are true，that's good news for both reducing fuel use and quieting traffic.”也说明螺旋桨技术创新的意义是解决噪声问题。故选A。 答案　A 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Ships Slow Down for Whales B．Boat Noise Clouds Whale Foraging C．Killer Whales Battle Noise Pollution D．Technology Innovations Silence Propellers 解析　标题归纳题。文章首段提出船只噪声干扰虎鲸捕食，下文介绍了通过船只减速和技术创新来减轻这种影响。由此可知，本文主要讲的是船只噪声污染问题给虎鲸的捕猎带来的困扰以及解决这一问题的方法，所以“船只噪声影响鲸鱼觅食”准确反映了文章的核心内容，是最佳标题。故选B。 答案　B B (2025·甘肃兰州高三月考)From long and winding migration flights to complex songs and clever tool use，many bird behaviors are known to be transmitted(传播) socially and persist across generations.Scientists define that as animal “culture”．Now a study suggests culture might play a role in bird nest architecture，too. Researchers analyzed more than 400 structures built by 43 different groups of White-browed Sparrow-Weavers in the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa.These birds live communally，and the entire group works together to build a nest and multiple roosts from grass.The group's dominant female then lays eggs in the nest，which has a long，tube-like entrance.Individual birds sleep nearby in the U-shaped roosts，which have both an entrance and an exit. The scientists found that different gatherings of birds，even those living only a few meters from one another，built very different tube structures.The biggest difference was in “how short or long the structures are，” says the study's lead author Maria C．Tello-Ramos，a cognitive ecologist at the University of Hull in England.Tube width also varied between groups.Furthermore，each group maintained the same architectural style over time—and when outsiders joined，they adapted to this style. To examine why the groups built differently，the team analyzed factors that can determine a nest's size and shape for a given bird species: weather conditions，tree height，individuals' body size and genetic relatedness.If closely related birds build similar structures，for instance，one might assume a genetic element.Yet none of these factors seemed to play a relevant role in shaping how the Kalahari sparrows built their nests，the researchers report in Science. Tello-Ramos and her colleagues proposed that cultural transmission might be key to nest building.“In our paper，we haven't proven that yet with experiments，but we have very good clues that that might be it，” she says.But Christina Riehl，an evolutionary biologist at Princeton University，says，“They can't actually look at the effect of genetic differences，because they don't have really good genetic information on all the individuals in these groups.There's a lot left to be done，and this paper will inspire future research in a really good way.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明文化或许也在鸟类筑巢结构中发挥作用。研究人员提出文化传播可能是筑巢的关键，但有进化生物学家认为该研究缺乏真正好的个体基因信息，所以还有很多工作要做。 5．What is the text mainly about? A．The role of culture in bird nest architecture. B．The genetic factors in bird nest construction. C．The life habit of White-browed Sparrow-Weavers. D．The environmental factors affecting bird nest building. 解析　主旨大意题。Para.1：背景引入——开篇点明动物“文化”概念，指出文化可能影响鸟类筑巢结构，引出研究主题。Para.2&3：研究主体与发现——介绍研究对象白眉织雀的群居及筑巢习性，说明不同群体筑巢的管状结构差异大，且风格稳定。Para.4：影响因素分析——研究团队为探究筑巢差异，分析了天气状况、树高、个体体型、基因相关性等因素，发现它们似乎不是影响因素。Para.5：结论与讨论——研究人员提出文化传播可能是筑巢关键，但有进化生物学家指出因缺乏真正好的基因信息，研究还有待完善。总的来说，文章开篇提及动物“文化”，接着通过对白眉织雀筑巢的研究，探讨了文化在鸟类筑巢结构中的作用。 答案　A 6．What did the scientists find about the tube structures? A．The structure had the same tube width. B．The tube length was the biggest difference. C．The materials of the tube structures varied. D．Different groups of birds had the same tube structure. 解析　细节理解题。 根据第三段中的 “built very different tube structures.The biggest difference was in ‘how short or long the structures are，’” 可知，鸟巢即管状建筑物的长度差异最大。 答案　B 7．Why did the team analyze the decisive factors? A．To identify genetic influences. B．To create the architectural style. C．To give reasons for different nests. D．To explore environmental impacts. 解析　细节理解题。 从第四段中的 “To examine why the groups built differently，the team analyzed factors that can determine a nest's size and shape for a given bird species”可知，团队分析决定性因素是为了解释鸟类建造不同鸟巢的原因。 答案　C 8．What can we infer from Christina Riehl's statement? A．Genetic factors have been fully proved. B．A lot of further researches are badly needed. C．Culture plays a key role in building a bird nest. D．The findings are enough to rule out genetic factors. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Christina Riehl所说的“There's a lot left to be done”可推知，还需要大量的进一步研究。 答案　B C (2025·安徽合肥第一次教学质检)It might surprise you to learn that dogs are playing an increasingly important role as conservationists.For centuries，they have been known as man's best friends.Now，their unique abilities are being made use of to help protect some of the world's most threatened species. Quick and loyal，dogs possess many qualities that make them ideal for fieldwork，but it's their extraordinary sense of smell that makes them invaluable for conservation work.With around 220 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体) compared to just 5 million in humans，dogs can detect scents (气味) and analyze them with astonishing accuracy，devoting 40 times more of their brain to scent analysis than we do. Thanks to this incredible ability，some dogs are now being trained to save at-risk animals by sniffing(嗅) out their droppings.At the University of Washington's Conservation Canines facility，20 specially trained dogs have successfully tracked killer whale droppings，which only float briefly on the ocean's surface.Analyzing these samples enables scientists to monitor the health of killer whale populations，which are under significant stress from food shortages，pollution，and boat traffic. Beyond tracking animal droppings，conservation dogs are also trained for live animal detection，further showcasing their abilities.They can locate rare species in their natural habitats.Additionally，they are now used to tackle the non-native species that threaten the survival of the local wildlife.Dogs also take on other important roles.For example，at Kenya's Mombasa Port，dogs sniff out illegal wildlife products such as rhino horns and ivory.Across Africa，they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting，serving as a powerful security force enhancer. While dogs may not be the ultimate solution to every conservation challenge，their incomparable abilities make them invaluable companions in the fight to protect our planet's biodiversity. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。狗在物种保护中作用重大。狗有2.2亿嗅觉受体，嗅觉灵敏。经训练，狗能嗅濒危动物粪便以拯救它们，还能探测活体、定位稀有物种、对付入侵物种，打击野生动物制品交易与非法捕猎，是生物多样性保护得力助手。 9．Why are the figures mentioned in the second paragraph? A．To highlight the superiority of dogs' sense of smell. B．To suggest the amazing accuracy of dogs' analysis. C．To recognize the importance of conservation work. D．To show dogs' impressive achievements in fieldwork. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“With around 220 million olfactory receptors(嗅觉受体) compared...to scent analysis than we do.”可知，文中使用了具体数字来比较狗和人的嗅觉受体数量以及大脑用于分析气味的比例，以此突出狗的嗅觉能力远超人类。故选A。 答案　A 10．How do dogs help protect killer whales? A．By tracking their movements. B．By detecting their droppings. C．By monitoring their populations. D．By analyzing the collected samples. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thanks to this incredible ability...which only float briefly on the ocean's surface.”可知，由于狗具有非凡的嗅觉能力，一些狗在被训练通过嗅濒危动物的粪便来拯救它们，在华盛顿大学的保护犬设施中，20只经过专门训练的狗成功追踪到了虎鲸的粪便。B项中的“detecting their droppings”与文中的“tracked killer whale droppings”意思相符。故选B。 答案　B 11．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 4? A．Wildlife products are popular in African countries. B．Non-native species affect the survival of local wildlife. C．Dogs are used to detect and prevent illegal wildlife trade. D．Dogs can accurately locate the natural habitats of rare species. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“at Kenya's Mombasa Port，dogs...they work on the frontlines against illegal hunting，serving as a powerful security force enhancer”可知，以肯尼亚蒙巴萨港口为例，狗嗅出犀牛角和象牙非法野生动物制品，并且在整个非洲，它们奋战在打击非法捕猎的一线，充当强大的安保力量助力者。这表明狗在实际工作中被用于检测和阻止非法野生动物贸易。故选C。 答案　C 12．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To appeal to people to protect biodiversity B．To report various environmental challenges. C．To introduce dogs' roles in conservation efforts. D．To prove the conventional claim of dogs' qualities. 解析　写作意图题。 文章开篇就点明狗在自然环境保护工作中扮演着越来越重要的角色，接着详细阐述了狗的嗅觉优势，以及它们在拯救濒危物种、探测活体动物、打击非法野生动物贸易等工作中的具体作用，最后强调狗在保护地球生物多样性斗争中的重要性。整体内容围绕狗在保护工作中的作用展开，C项“To introduce dogs' roles in conservation efforts”准确概括了作者的写作目的。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·重庆九龙坡区一模)To put into words my time in Antarctica and South Georgia is nearly impossible.I had always described it as a once-in-a-lifetime experience.__13__ I was not the only one who felt this way.About 50% of the passengers of our expedition(探险队) had been to Antarctica at least once before.This goes to show just how magical the destination is. __14__ How tiny you feel next to towering glaciers and icebergs.The blinding white blankets everything，blurring the boundary between land and ocean.The icy water moves through your body as you take the Polar Plunge.The solemn silence calms your restlessness and reminds you of heart-touching stories of survival from explorers of the past.The list goes on. Antarctica makes you feel so small and insignificant，in the best way.Everything has a purpose，and the cycle of life is evident.You get front row seats to witness the most incredible show: nature.__15__For example，when you see a brown skua (贼鸥) attacking a penguin chick，your heart aches.Then your expedition guide regretfully tells you that a chick that is small in March would have very slim chances of surviving the upcoming winter.__16__ Things move fast here，every month offering something unique and special to see.In March，the weather is a bit more unpredictable，and the sea ice begins to form again.Our voyage was the last of the season.In two more weeks，expedition ships would not be able to break through the ice.The penguins are completing their yearly feather-changing process.They are really weak during this time，and cannot dive.__17__ These animals，arguably the cutest you will ever see，survive such unfavorable environments.It's absolutely incredible to witness the challenges，the skill，the efforts，all of it.I am forever grateful to have been a visitor. A．But that is not how it is. B．It is as much cruel as beautiful. C．I，years later，did return to this fascinating place. D．The cycle continues，and you're left wondering who to support. E．That all your senses will be stimulated is the best way I can describe it. F．But immediately I stepped foot on the continent，I knew I needed to return. G．The expedition team made sure we kept our distance and did not scare them. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者南极洲的旅行经历，展示了其壮丽与残酷并存的自然环境，探讨了动物生存的自然规律。 13．解析　本段讲述作者对南极洲的整体感受。上文“had always described”用过去完成时，表示作者曾把去南极洲旅行描述为一生仅此一次的经历。下文“我不是唯一一个有这种感受的人，探险队同行的人中约一半的游客在此之前曾至少去过一次南极洲”，暗示南极洲是一个很值得再去的地方，表示作者的观点转变，前后存在转折关系。F选项“但我一踏上这片大陆，就知道我需要回去”能够承接上文，体现作者想法转变，并且呼应下文，暗示作者和其他人一样还会再次回到南极洲。 答案　F 14．解析　本段描述作者身在南极洲的感受。下文列举了作者在南极洲的多种感官体验：冰川前的渺小感、白茫茫的视觉冲击、冰泳的体感、寂静中的联想等，E选项“你所有的感官都会受到刺激，这是我所能描述的最好方式”引起下文对于感官的描述，总领全段。 答案　E 15．解析　本段描述了自然界让人感到渺小，通过举例描述了大自然的残酷，展现了大自然的循环和生存法则。上文表示南极洲可以让你见证难以置信的大自然，下文举了贼鸥和企鹅雏鸟的例子，体现了大自然的残酷，B选项意为“它既美丽又残忍”承接上文“You get front row seats to witness the most incredible show：nature”，同时引出下文的举例。 答案　B 16．解析　本段描述了自然界让人感到渺小，通过举例描述了大自然的残酷，展现了大自然的循环和生存法则。本段列举了贼鸥攻击企鹅雏鸟的例子，且空前表示“你的探险向导遗憾地告诉你，一只在三月还很小的企鹅幼雏在即将到来的冬天存活的希望非常渺茫”，体现了大自然的循环法则。D选项“循环仍在继续，你不知道该支持谁”能够承接上文，符合语境。 答案　D 17．解析　本段介绍了南极三月的天气情况、冰层形成以及企鹅换羽过程中的脆弱状态，展现了南极的生态变化和季节特征。根据上文可知，企鹅在换羽过程中很虚弱，G选项“探险队确保我们与其保持距离，不吓到它们”能够承接上文，并且选项中的them指代上文的The penguins，符合语境。 答案　G 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $