必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 以语篇为载体，整合阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空三大模块，通过题型分类解题方法与知识逻辑的系统构建，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇8题|词义猜测（上下文语境分析）、推理判断（逻辑关系推导）|语篇信息提取→逻辑推理→主旨归纳| |完形填空|1篇15题|语境词义辨析（上下文情感线索）|语境理解→词汇精准运用| |语法填空|1篇10题|语法规则应用（时态/语态/非谓语等）|语法规则→语篇语境适配|

[对应知能达标训练P446] 说明：阅读理解每题2.5分，完形填空每题1分，语法填空每题1.5分，本试卷共50分。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·福建厦门双十中学期中)Who are your best friends on campus? Are they the ones you encountered most often in class? Are they your fellows in drama club or debate society? A number of studies have demonstrated the effects of proximity on who become friends.One was conducted at MIT in the 1940s.The students were randomly assigned to 17 ten-unit apartment buildings isolated from other residential areas，and few of them knew one another beforehand. The investigators asked each resident to name the three people in the student housing project with whom they socialized most often.The effects of proximity were striking: two-thirds of those listed as friends lived in the same building as the respondent，even though those in the same building represented only 5 percent of the target residents.More striking still was the pattern of friendships within each building.Even though the physical distance between apartments was quite small—19 feet between the doorways of neighboring apartments and 89 feet between those at the ends of each hallway—41 percent of those living in neighboring apartments listed each other as friends，compared with only 10 percent of those living at opposite ends of the hallway. Proximity leads to friendship because it facilitates chance encounters.If so，then pure physical distance should matter less than functional distance—the influence of an architectural layout to influence contact between people.The MIT study shows how important it is.As the following Figure indicates，the stairs are positioned such that upstairs residents will encounter the occupants of apartments at the turn of the stairs much more often than the occupants of the middle apartments.In fact，the residents of the two-stair-end apartment formed twice as many friendships with their upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments. Thus，it's functional distance more than physical distance that is decisive.Proximity promotes friendship because it brings people together.Actually，in later studies involving more diverse populations，the largest effects of proximity on friendship formation have been found between people of different races，ages，or social classes. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用麻省理工学院(MIT)20世纪四十年代的一项研究，解释了邻近性如何影响人与人之间的接触，从而影响友谊的建立。 1．What does the underlined word “proximity” probably mean? A．Possibility. B．Closeness. C．Attraction. D．Interest. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The effects of proximity were striking：two-thirds of those listed as friends lived in the same building as the respondent”“41 percent of those living in neighboring apartments listed each other as friends，compared with only 10 percent of those living at opposite ends of the hallway”可知，接近性的影响非常显著：被列为朋友的人中，有三分之二与到访者住在同一栋楼；住在相邻公寓的居民中，有41%将对方列为朋友，而住在走廊两端的居民只有10%将对方列为朋友。这里分析的是成为朋友的人之间的距离对友谊形成的影响，因此可推测，“proximity”的含义与距离相关。故选B。 答案　B 2．What method did the MIT researchers employ in their study? A．Survey analysis. B．Literature Review. C．In-lab observation. D．Online questionnaire. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，该项研究中，学生被随机派往17栋十单元的公寓楼中。再由第三段第一句“The investigators asked each resident to name the three people in the student housing project with whom they socialized most often.”和第二句中的“the respondent”可知，研究者询问调查对象他们最常交往的人，并分析他们的回答，进而进行研究，这属于调查分析。故选A。 答案　A 3．Which apartment's residents in the Figure above may make most friends in the building? A．Apartment 1. B．Apartment 2. C．Apartment 6. D．Apartment 8. 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“In fact，the residents of the two-stair-end apartment formed twice as many friendships with their upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments.”可知，事实上，双楼梯口的公寓居民与楼上邻居形成的友谊数量是中间公寓居民的两倍；再结合选项和文中图示，可知1号公寓位于楼梯口处。所以1号公寓的居民可能会结交最多的朋友。故选A。 答案　A 4．What do we know about the later studies? A．Their samples are not representative enough. B．Physical distance does not affect friendship. C．They further confirmed the MIT study's finding. D．Population diversity influences friendship formation. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Actually，in later studies involving more diverse populations，the largest effects of proximity on friendship formation have been found between people of different races，ages，or social classes.”可知，实际上，在涉及更多样化人群的后续研究中，邻近性对友谊形成的最大影响出现在不同种族、年龄或社会阶层的人之间。这表明后续研究进一步证实了麻省理工学院研究的发现，即近邻性对友谊的形成的影响。故选C。 答案　C B (2026·辽宁六校联考)Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer the question，we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity，people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm.In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the themes of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love on the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to have power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decrease of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to the extent that the people from whom you are estranged(疏远的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments，forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical perspective，that of Aristotle，we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 5．What is Droll's idea about forgiveness? A．Aggressive people should learn to forgive others. B．People should offer mercy to anyone else. C．People forgiving others have their welfare affected. D．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. 解析　细节理解题。第一段中“Droll(1984) made the interesting claim that...In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.”的核心信息为 “forgivers are compromising their well-being”(宽恕者会损害自身的幸福)，与选项C中“People forgiving others have their welfare affected.”(宽恕他人的人会影响自身幸福)完全对应，其中well-being与welfare为同义替换。 答案　C 6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To fight is to grow. B．To give is to receive. C．To forgive is to love. D．To dominate is to harm. 解析　推理判断题。第二段重点阐述第二种观点——“合作、相互尊重、爱”。作者指出“支配他人的意志(the will to have power over others)无法带来和谐互动”，并以“slavery”为例进行论证。奴隶制是“支配他人”的典型案例，作者通过反问“奴隶制作为社会和谐模式有多成功？”，暗示其“完全不成功”，以此证明“支配他人会破坏和谐”，即“支配”会造成负面后果。 答案　D 7．What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness? A．Reserved. B．Favorable. C．Skeptical. D．Objective. 解析　观点态度题。作者在第三段指出“forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities”(原谅对个人和社区的生理及心理完整性起着关键作用)，且科学研究证明原谅的结果之一就是“the decrease of hatred and the restoration of harmony”(减少仇恨、恢复和谐)，这些表述均体现了作者对原谅的正面评价。 答案　B 8．What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph? A．Actuality is based on potentiality. B．Forgiveness is in our nature. C．Forgiveness grows with time. D．It takes practice to forgive. 解析　段落大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice.”可知，我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是具有通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力的潜力。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·山西太原学业诊断)Our eldest daughter，who lives with special needs，has a unique way of finding comfort.She is __9__ in picking leaves from plants and fashioning them into designs to fulfill her sensory needs.It brings no __10__，so my wife and I never stop her.We even created a dedicated garden at home for her. But in the past few months，she has __11__ into our neighbor's garden to pick leaves.I didn't want to upset her.I __12__ tried to explain that our neighbor might not want their plants to be __13__，but she still got sensitive.Consequently，I wrote a note to my neighbor and __14__．I asked what plants I could buy to __15__ the loss.Our neighbor's response was truly __16__．He said，“There's no need to worry.She's as __17__ to us as our own child.A few plants are nothing.We can always grow new ones.She's __18__ here whenever it brings her joy.” Since then，every time our daughter __19__ the neighbor's garden，the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he's planted.We，__20__，often make homemade __21__ for the neighbor as a gesture of gratitude.This beautiful friendship between neighbors spreads warmth in the community，and our daughter's leaf creations work as a __22__ of the power of kindness and __23__． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的大女儿喜欢从植物上采摘叶子，然后把它们制作成装饰图案，以满足她的感官需求。但在过去的几个月里，她经常到邻居的花园里摘树叶，在解释无果后，作者给邻居写了一张纸条，表示道歉，询问是否可以赔偿损失，邻居温暖回应，表示不需要赔偿，并且欢迎他的大女儿随时来花园。作为回报，作者和妻子经常为邻居自制好吃的东西以示感激。 9．A．proud B．careful C．grateful D．delighted 解析　根据空前的“finding comfort”和下文的“fulfill her sensory needs”可知，作者的大女儿喜欢从植物上采摘叶子，然后把它们制作成装饰图案，以满足她的感官需求，这让她感到高兴(delighted)。第二段尾句的“brings her joy”亦是提示。 答案　D 10．A．gift B．thrill C．fun D．harm 解析　根据下文的“so my wife and I never stop her”可知，因为这不会带来伤害(harm)，所以作者和妻子从未阻止过她。 答案　D 11．A．wandered B．dug C．looked D．turned 解析　根据空后的“our neighbor's garden”可知，在过去的几个月里，女儿经常到邻居的花园里摘叶子。故选A项(wander“闲逛，漫步于”)。 答案　A 12．A．delicately B．seriously C．hardly D．anxiously 解析　根据上文的“I didn't want to upset her”可知，作者不想让女儿难过，于是小心翼翼地(delicately)试图向她解释。 答案　A 13．A．watered B．designed C．disturbed D．grown 解析　根据上文的“she has __11__ into our neighbor's garden to pick leaves”并结合常识可知，作者告诉女儿，邻居可能不希望他们的植物受到打扰(disturbed)。 答案　C 14．A．greeted B．apologized C．complained D．worried 解析　上文讲作者的大女儿去邻居的花园里摘叶子，作者小心翼翼地试图向女儿解释，但她仍然生气。再结合下文的“I asked what plants I could buy to __15__ the loss”和常识可知，作者写纸条向邻居道歉(apologized)。 答案　B 15．A．take care of B．catch up with C．make up for D．break away from 解析　根据空后的“the loss”并结合常识可知，作者询问邻居他可以买什么植物来弥补(make up for)损失。take care of“照顾，负责，处理”；catch up with“赶上”；break away from“突然挣脱，逃脱”。 答案　C 16．A．convincing B．comforting C．interesting D．disappointing 解析　根据下文的“There's no need to worry”“A few plants are nothing.We can always grow new ones.”可知，邻居的回复是令人宽慰(comforting)的。 答案　B 17．A．shy B．kind C．dear D．friendly 解析　根据空后的“as our own child”可知，在邻居心里，作者的女儿就像他们自己的孩子一样宝贵。dear to sb“对……来说是宝贵的”，故选C。 答案　C 18．A．remarkable B．brave C．creative D．welcome 解析　根据上文的“She's as __17__ to us as our own child”和第三段的“the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he's planted”可知，邻居欢迎作者女儿去他们的花园。welcome在此作形容词，意为“受欢迎的”，故选D。 答案　D 19．A．nears B．desires C．protects D．decorates 解析　根据下文的“the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he's planted”可知，每次作者的女儿走近(nears)邻居的花园，邻居都会亲切地和她打招呼，有时还会给她看自己种的新花。 答案　A 20．A．in person B．in return C．on time D．on purpose 解析　上文讲邻居欢迎女儿去他们的花园采摘叶子，下文讲作者和妻子经常为邻居自制好吃的东西以示感激，故此处选B，表示“作为回报”。in person“亲自，亲身”；on time“准时”；on purpose“故意，有意地”。 答案　B 21．A．trees B．treats C．stories D．toys 解析　参见上题解析。此处treat作名词，表示“美味佳肴”，是熟词生义的用法。 答案　B 22．A．reminder B．tradition C．standard D．target 解析　空前一句讲邻居之间的这种美好的友谊在社区中传播了温暖，再结合空后的“of the power of kindness”可知，此处表示作者女儿的叶子作品提醒了人们善良的力量。reminder“提醒人的事物”。故选A。 答案　A 23．A．knowledge B．wisdom C．acceptance D．imagination 解析　上文讲邻居对女儿在他们花园摘叶子的行为持宽容态度，接受了女儿的这个独特爱好。由此可知，作者女儿的作品也提醒了人们接受(acceptance)的力量。 答案　C Ⅲ.语法填空 (2025·湖南株洲一模)Since the first time AlphaGo，an artificial intelligence program developed by a Google-owned company，defeated the world's No.1 player at Go，namely the ancient Chinese game of strategy Weiqi，AI programs like this 24.________(adopt) to improve players' skills.Go is still a unique game in 25.________(compare) with the computer to some extent，though. Many people have found their imagination constantly 26.________(fire) by the game full of possibilities and charms from simple white and black stones on 27.________ordinary wooden board.They look on the game 28.________the universe where the board is the earth and the black and white stones are yin and yang，the only two life forces 29.________both war against each other and work together.The simple pattern of black and white stones 30.________(show) the same taste as calligraphy and traditional Chinese ink-wash paintings，suiting the game to Chinese sensibilities and allowing for limitless 31.________(flight) of fancy as people look at the arrangement of pieces on a board and see a beautiful landscape. So while a person—or machine，for that matter—needs high-level thinking skills to play Go，the game，as a recreational way 32.________(touch) the heart and soul as well as the mind，is much more than this.This is why it can't possibly be as 33.________(appeal) to play Go against a machine as it is to play against another person. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了围棋这种古老策略游戏的独特魅力及其超越技术的文化内涵。 24．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示“自AlphaGo击败人类顶尖棋手后，类似的AI程序被用于提升选手棋艺”。根据Since判断，此处应用现在完成时。主语AI programs(复数)与动词adopt构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故填have been adopted。 答案　have been adopted 25．解析　考查词性转换。句意：然而，在某种程度上，围棋与电脑相比仍然是一种独特的游戏。in comparison with表示“与……相比”。 答案　comparison 26．解析　考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“很多人发现自己的想象力不断被围棋激发”。find sth done表示“发现某物被……”。设空处作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语imagination构成被动关系(想象力被激发)。故填fired。 答案　fired 27．解析　考查冠词。此处表示“普通木制棋盘上的黑白棋子”，设空处表示泛指，且ordinary的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 答案　an 28．解析　考查介词。此处表示“他们将围棋视为宇宙”。look on...as...表示“将……视为……”。 答案　as 29．解析　考查定语从句。此处表示“阴阳是两种既互相对抗又协作的生命力量”。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是forces且被the only修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导(不可用which)。 答案　that 30．解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示“黑白棋子的简单布局展现出与书法和中国传统水墨画相同的意趣”。设空处作谓语，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语pattern是单数，故填shows。 答案　shows 31．解析　考查名词的复数形式。此处表示“黑白棋局让人产生无限的遐想”。设空处被limitless修饰，应用复数形式。flight of fancy表示“异想天开；奇思怪想”。 答案　flights 32．解析　考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“围棋是一种触及心灵与思维的休闲方式”。设空处作后置定语修饰way，表示“……的方式”。故填to touch。 答案　to touch 33．解析　考查词性转换。此处表示“与机器对弈不可能像与人对弈一样吸引人”。as...as结构中需用形容词或副词的原级，设空处作表语，应用形容词形式。故填appealing。 答案　appealing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $