上海市控江中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语期末试卷

上海市控江中学2024学年第一学期高二年级英语期末试卷 （笔试满分115分，完成时间105分钟） 2025.1 命题：王婧美 审校：朱清月 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Inside the Teahouses of Chengdu You have not properly experienced Chengdu until you give up your sightseeing plans and prepare to do nothing at one of its many teahouses. Settle into a slope-backed bamboo chair and let the afternoon drift away. Listen to the slosh of hot water (1)________(pour) into teacups, the rustle of newspapers, the clack of mahjong tiles, and a murmur of conversation. Crack melon seeds or eat boiled peanuts. Slurp tea. Let relaxation and laziness take over in the cloudy, humid embrace of a summer day in Chengdu. Sichuan has long been one of China’s major tea-producing regions. Chengdu (2)________(become) noted for its teahouses by the Tang dynasty—as early as the ninth century. For centuries, teahouses were places for entertainment as well as tea, (3)_______ performances of storytelling, music and especially the fading art of Sichuan opera taking the stage. You will find many of Chengdu’s old-school teahouses in parks. Heming Teahouse in Renmin Park buzzes with morning retirees, lunchtime office workers, and afternoon visitors, all of (4)________sit under red lanterns by a lotus pond. When the noise gets too much, move on to Shaocheng Teahouse in the same park. Regulars are older and quieter. They bring songbirds on outings, (5)________(hang) their cages in the branches of willow trees, and play mahjong in a pavilion covered with moss. In more recent years, however, increasingly elaborate teahouses have opened (6)________(appeal) to the younger generation, who tend to have a taste for superior teas in a more contemporary style. The most famous one of them is Mi Xun Teahouse in Taikoo Li in the city’s (7)________ (fashionable) retail district. As in all teahouses, the tea comes in individual packets with a thermos of water. Maofeng green tea from Mount Emei, south of Chengdu, is the traditional favorite. Shake the loose leaves into your palm-sized cup. The cup usually comes with a saucer and a lid that (8)________(function) to strain (过滤) floating leaves and to keep the tea warm. Don’t let the water level in your cup get too low (9)________ any bitterness from the tea leaves is concentrated at the bottom. You can top up your tea all afternoon without having to buy anything else. In Chengdu teahouses, people refresh (10)________between bouts of fan-dancing or martial-arts practice. They slip sideways into a gentler time that ignores urban China’s fast-paced, never-ending hustle. The Sichuan capital is booming too, yet has managed to retain the provincial character and slower pace that has been lost in many other Chinese cities. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. address B. put C. generation D. inadequate E. infected F. isolated G. manage H. mixing I. powerful J. recognition K. setting One Size Fits Men Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes, but this message has failed to penetrate many other areas of design, including the most forward-looking place on Earth today: Silicon Valley is still churning out new products (11)________ with old-school bias. Consider virtual-reality headsets. Women are significantly more likely than men to feel sick when using them, perhaps because 90% of women have pupils that are closer together than the typical headset’s default (12)________. This is not a(n) (13)________ example. Most smartphones are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers. An obvious part of the explanation for Silicon Valley’s design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding—and entrepreneurs often build products to solve problems or (14)________ needs that affect them personally. Male bosses and entrepreneurs may be unaware of the problems women face, and they often fail to flag obvious areas of concern or ask the right questions when doing their research. Once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but (15)________ all users together means they may miss trends that are based on sex differences. Reliance on historical data, and (16)________ data on underrepresented groups, often creates bias in algorithms(计算机算法)． Tech’s design bias needs fixing for ethical, safety and business reasons. The ethical imperative is obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, (17)________ it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by clamping down on things that are dangerous to women because they are not designed properly. But there is also a(n) (18)________ business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions. The good news is that change may be coming. The first voice-(19)________ systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now (20)________ just fine. “Femtech” startups, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise $1bn by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are recruiting more women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back? II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Pessimism VS. Progress Faster, cheaper, better-technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. As we move into the 2020s, however, (21)________ is in short supply. The new technologies (22)________ the past decade seem to mess up the things. Social media are better known for invading privacy and spreading fake news. E-commerce is (23)________ with underpaying workers and increasing inequality. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies (僵尸). (24)________, the technologies expected to dominate in the new decade also seem to be casting a dark shadow. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well threaten your job. Self-driving cars still do not work, but manage to kill people all the same. Internet giants have changed from talent (25)________ to outcasts (被排斥者). The New York Times sums up the gloom (无望). “A mood of pessimism,” it writes, has (26)_______“the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.” (27)________ that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. In the 1970s, the gloom was caused by concerns about overpopulation, environmental damage, and the prospect of nuclear disaster．The 1920s witnessed a boycott of cars, which had earlier been seen as a(n) (28)________ answer to the problem of horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and dung, and caused congestion and accidents. Similarly, in the 19th century industrialization was greeted with (29)________ from socialists, who worried about the displacement of skilled workers. However, a wider sense of techno-pessimism can be (30) ________. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology, while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be (31)________ the much more real benefits of instant communication and the easy access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap.” Fears that robots will (32)________ people’s jobs may motivate politicians to tax them, for example, to discourage their use. (33)________, in the long run, countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer. Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the (34)________ people make about it that shape the world. As a result, the techlash (技术抵制潮) is a necessary step in the adoption of important new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society comes to terms with innovations and imposes rules and policies against their (35)________ potential. Healthy skepticism means that these questions are settled by a broad debate, not by a small group of technologists. 21. A. challenge B. optimism C. imagination D. knowledge 22. A. dominating B. spoiling C. featuring D. justifying 23. A. experimented B. charged C. loaded D. threatened 24. A. Undoubtedly B. Frustratingly C. Fortunately D. Importantly 25. A. spells B. rings C. magnets D. remedies 26. A. intensified B. mirrored C. replaced D. proved 27. A. Concerns B. Recommendations C. Notices D. Expectations 28. A. unnecessary B. commonplace C. practical D. miraculous 29. A. competition B. reform C. criticism D. applause 30. A. adjusted B. extended C. underestimated D. overdone 31. A. combined with B. substituted for C. weighed against D. compared to 32. A. steal B. facilitate C. guide D. assess 33. A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. However D. Therefore 34. A. assumptions B. comments C. choices D. warnings 35. A. suspicious B. disastrous C. commercial D. illegal Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society. In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was. And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance-related bonus in there. It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children. My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious (喧闹的) and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me. Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day-to-day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences. I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure. A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood — beyond my projections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim. 36. The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 means __________. A. the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B. the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C. the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D. the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 37. The author’s mother thinks of the author’s musical industriousness as __________. A. a symbol more of family achievement than of social identity B. a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that time C. proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husband D. a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence 38. Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective? A. She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments. B. She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments. C. She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments. D. She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 39. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited? B. Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music? C. Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally? D. Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society? (B) 40. Where can you find the passage? A. A magazine featuring MCA Store. B. An advertisement about events of art. C. A website of a Contemporary Art museum. D. A poster promoting various exhibitions. 41. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The store is open at 5 p.m. on Friday all year round. B. MCA is an organization supporting contemporary artists. C. Visual descriptions are regularly offered in featured project. D. Commons Artist Project will last for less than four months. 42. If a 17-year-old student and his parents want to take their Illinois friend who is a teacher to MCA on Thursday, the admission would be __________. A. $46 B. $38 C. $30 D. $ 23 (C) Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologist says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write. The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground. The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed. Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it. Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept. 43. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because __________. A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains B. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge C. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains 44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. D. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. 45. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn. C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Research time should be extended, scientists require. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. How Many Devices Are You Wearing?A. Custom-made thread has thus been designed so that the clothes are enabled to work longer. B. For example, Google and Levi’s created a touch-sensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. C. Turning wearables into storage devices with the new technique was a unique thing the researchers had done. D. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. E. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices. F. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. (47) __________ This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To eliminate the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. (48) __________ The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary 1’s or 0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations—such as pass codes for doors-on a shirt sleeve. (49) __________ The team described its findings last October at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery. The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around 30 percent. (50) __________ But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data- storing fabric, however. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is in a resistant place, this reasonable approach can be more irritating than encouraging since it communicates continuing dissatisfaction with how he is performing in life. He may reply, “Stop lecturing! You’ve told me all of this before!” This is when parents often increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or vowing punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when perceived as threats that benefits will be denied if improvement is not forthcoming. The young person can rebel against being pushed around. And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. Parents cannot reward, push, or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. Then they must refrain from taking any ownership of its development. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids on a visit to a college of possible interest. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids meet with an admissions person who tells them the GPA and course work she needs to get in. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 缺乏配合是昨天我们比赛失利的原因吗？（blame） 53. 想要在网络上时刻保持良好形象，年轻人承受着巨大压力。（intense） 54. 这座气势恢宏的纪念馆似乎正向公众默默讲述着战争的残酷。（account n.） 55. 路人发现位于路口的绿地摇身一变为可以领略人文美景、探索各种惊喜的花园。（where） V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 内容须包含： 1. 简要描述图片内容； 2. 简要分析父母陪伴孩子的时间越来越少的原因； 3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈父母多陪伴孩子对其孩子的影响。 参考词汇：滑梯 slide 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $