专题九 定语从句 课件-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“定语从句”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了分类、关系词选择、that/which区别等核心考点，通过真题分析明确关系词判断、“介词+关系代词”等高频考点权重，归纳语法填空、短文改错等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题实例+技巧突破+素养提升”，如通过易混易错例析（reason后用why，factory后用where）培养学生语言理解与逻辑思维能力，提供“关系词判断三步法”等应试策略，助力学生精准得分，教师可依托其系统考点与分层训练实现高效复习。

专题九　定语从句 1 1.定语从句的分类 类型 作用 特征 省略影响 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰、限制作用,明确先行词的范围 不用逗号 省略后先行词不明确,句子 语义不完整 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或整个主句作补充说明,不限制范围 用逗号 省略后不影响先行词的明 确性,句子语义仍完整 All researchers know the famous agricultural scientist who has made great contributions to solving the problem.(若把从句去掉,则不知道是哪位科学家) 所有的研究人员都知道这位著名的农业科学家,他为解决这个问题做出了巨大的贡 献。 All researchers know the famous physical scientist Madame Curie, who has made a great discovery in science.(若把从句去掉,仍然知道是居里夫人) 所有的研究人员都知道著名的物理科学家居里夫人,她在科学上有一个伟大的发现。 The president attended the graduation ceremony, which made all participants delighted.(说 明主句带来的结果) 总统出席了毕业典礼,大家都很高兴。 2.关系词的选择 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 引导的定语从句的类型 限制性 非限制性 关系代词 that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 √ × which 物 主语、宾语、表语、定语 √ √ who 人 主语、宾语、表语 √ √ whom 人 宾语 √ √ whose 人、物 定语 √ √ as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 √ √ 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 √ √ where 地点名词 地点状语 √ √ why reason 原因状语 √ × 注意 关系词判断的核心原则 去掉关系词后,确定从句中是否缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语: ①若缺少,用关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose/as); ②若不缺少,用关系副词(when/where/why在从句中作状语)。 易混易错  This is the reason which he left early.(从句中left是不及物动词,不缺宾语)  This is the reason why he left early. Is this the factory that/which you visited last year?(visited是及物动词,缺少宾语) Is this the factory where you worked last year?(worked是不及物动词,后不缺宾语) Is this the factory which you worked in last year?(last year是时间状语,介词in后缺少宾语) Is this the factory where you worked in 2023?(in 2023是时间状语,worked是不及物动词, 后不缺宾语) 即时练习 1. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,           bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn't exist. 2. Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu,           is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 3. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place           welcomes the fast -paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. where who that/which 4. In ancient China lived an artist           paintings were almost lifelike. 5. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,           she opened with her late husband Les. 6. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,           I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. whose which when 关系代词 3.that和which用法的区别 (1)用that不用which的情况 情况 示例 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词,或被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时 “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. “成功就是成功,但它也仅此而已。”Petroski博士写道。 当先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级 或序数词修饰时 This is the most awesome journey that the tourists have ever taken.这是游客们经历过的最棒的旅程。 情况 示例 当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时 “That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”“这就是黑猩猩手势的神奇之处,”她说,“在这方面,它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。” 当先行词既有人又有物时 Later the old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in high school.后来,老朋友们谈到了他们记得的高中时的事和人。 (2)用which不用that的情况 情况 示例 引导非限制性定语从句时 Grammar, which perhaps you do not like very much, can help you to speak and write good English.或许你并不太喜欢语法,它却可以帮助你说出或写出好英语。 先行词指物,且关系词前有介词时 Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal. 发烧是体温高于正常温度的一种状况。 即时练习 7. An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,           originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 8. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species           live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. which that 4.as的用法 ①引导限制性定语从句时,常用于such...as, as/so...as, the same...as结构。先行词既可以 指人又可以指物。as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。 The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one could answer. 老师问了一个没有人能答出来的难题。 ②引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词为整个主句,可置于句首、句中或句末。 常见的as引导的从句有:as we know, as is known to all, as has been said before, as is often the case, as is mentioned above。 As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.(置于句首) 众所周知,全球水资源短缺问题日益严峻,这主要归因于全球变暖。 I travel to Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as I have told you.(置于句末) 我每天乘坐轻轨前往滨海新区,这事我和你说过。 as which 位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 只能置于先行词后 语义 意为“正如,正像” 无此语义 固定结构 可用于as we know等固定结构 不可用于此类固定结构 易混易错 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 即时练习 9. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,          Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” as 5.“介词+关系代词” ①当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词常用which(指代物)或whom(指代人),并且不能 省略。 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。 ②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,可用与之意义对应的关系副词when、where、 why替换。 It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which (=where) symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨——动物骨头和贝壳的时期,中国古人在其上雕刻符号。 注意 介词+whose 介词后也可以加whose,whose既可以指人又可以指物。 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 1963年联合国设立了世界粮食计划署,其宗旨之一是缓解全球饥饿状况。 关系副词 6.where的用法 　　关系副词where的先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的词外,还可以是case, condition, part, point, situation, stage等表示抽象地点的词。 It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 让孩子们处在他们能以不同的方式看待自己的状况中是有帮助的。 注意 occasion作先行词时,若指“时候;时刻;时机”,要用关系副词when;若指“仪式;庆典;场 合”,则要用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel the meeting because of ill health. 我记得他因健康状况不佳而被迫取消会议的情况绝无仅有。 知识拓展 介词+关系副词 有时为了表达清晰,可以在关系副词where或when前加介词。 The wretched man stood at the top of the hill, from where he caught sight of the whole city in fire. 这个可怜的人站在山顶上,从那里他看到了整个城市在大火中。 The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes. 这本书写于1946年,自那时起,教育体系发生了巨大变化。 即时练习 10. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot           it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. where 7.way作先行词时关系词的选用 　　way作先行词且从句成分完整时,用that或in which,也可以省略关系词。 The way (that/in which) the engineer solved the serious problem is very good. 工程师解决这个严重问题的方法很好。 注意 若way作先行词且从句缺主语或宾语时,则需用关系代词that/which。 This is the way that/which he told me yesterday.(从句中told后缺直接宾语) 即时练习 11. Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way            will make them the most money. that/which 基础过关 1. The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, _________ life was very different from today. 解析　句意:石器时代是指两百多万年前的一段时期,那时的生活与现在截然不同。设 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the time,且设空处在从句中作时间状语,故用when。 考点针对练 　when     2. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 解析　句意:有人认为,生活在约公元前551年至公元前479年的伟大中国学者孔子对筷 子的发展产生了影响。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词Confucius指人,从句中缺少主 语,故用who。 　who     3. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _______________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 解析　句意:体重指数(BMI)是一种国际公认的测量工具,可反映个体是否处于健康体重 范围。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为tool,从句中缺少主语,故用that/which。 　that/which     4. They were well trained by their masters _____________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 解析　句意:它们被它们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词their masters(指人)。从句中缺少主语,故用who/that。 　who/that     5. In the spring, a season _________ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 解析　句意:在春天这样一个我们了解新的生活节奏的季节,我们中的许多人在自然界 中找到安慰。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是season,指时间,且设空处在从句中作时间 状语,故用when。 　when     6. William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ____________ we can learn from without repeating them. 解析　句意:威廉·哈斯蒂曾说过,历史告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中吸取教训,而 不必重蹈覆辙。设空处引导定语从句,对past mistakes进行修饰,在从句中作from的宾语, 故用which/that。 　which/that     7. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _____________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 解析　句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只 跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病和由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。设空处引 导定语从句,先行词为study(指物),从句中缺少主语,故用that/which。 　that/which     8. We have entered into an age _________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 解析　句意:我们已经进入一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。设空处引导定语从句,对 age进行修饰,从句中缺少时间状语,故用when。 　when     9. Many young people, most of _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 解析　句意:很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的 教育。most of ______were well-educated为定语从句,先行词为Many young people,指人, 且设空处在of后,故用whom。 　whom     10. When people think about operating systems ______________ were developed for the personal computer, Microsoft may come to mind. 解析　句意:当人们想到为个人电脑研发的操作系统时,微软可能就会出现在脑海中。 设空处引导定语从句,修饰operating systems(指物),且定语从句缺少主语,故用which/that。 　which/that     11. Guidebooks are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, for _________ routes round a city or a site are often suggested. 解析　句意:旅游指南是为了给游客提供便利而准备的,通常会为游客推荐参观一个城 市或景点的线路。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,对先行词the traveler(指人)进行补充说明,故用whom。 　whom     12. People believe writing poems provides a channel through __________ they can express their feelings. 解析　句意:人们认为写诗给他们提供了一个表达感情的渠道。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,对先行词channel(指物)进行修饰,故用which。 　which     13. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of __________ has been proved. 解析　句意:就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出来许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证 明。none of...为定语从句,先行词为theories(指物),故用which。     which     14. The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 解析　句意:正如所报道的那样,吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 as is reported意为“正如所报道的那样”。 　as     15. Creating an atmosphere __________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 解析　句意:创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队的一员的氛围是极富挑战性的。设空处 引导定语从句对先行词atmosphere(抽象名词)进行修饰,表示虚拟地点,在从句中作地点状 语。故用where。 　where     16. For those __________ interests lie in cultural experiences, attending a shadow puppetry performance offers a wonderful opportunity to appreciate the vibrant puppets and captivating stories. 解析　句意:对于那些对文化体验感兴趣的人来说,观看皮影戏表演是欣赏栩栩如生的皮 影和引人入胜的故事的绝佳机会。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词those(指人),关系词 在从句中作interests的定语,故填whose。 　whose     17. Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. 解析　句意:许多课程现在可以在网上获得,学生可以从中免费选择。此处是“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为lessons(指物),故用which。 　which     18. Rankings, however, are only one reason ________ a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. 解析　句意:然而,排名仅仅是高等教育中教学价值被低估的一个原因。设空处引导定 语从句,修饰先行词reason。设空处在从句中作原因状语,故填关系副词why。 　why     19. Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 解析　句意:莎拉曾与顶级模特同台演出,她希望证明自己不仅拥有美貌,也具备智慧。 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah(指人),从句中缺少主语,应用who。 　who     20. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _____________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 解析　句意:亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院教授Kim Cobb属于一个规模虽小但日益壮大的学 者群体,他们因气候变化而正在减少航空出行。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为academics (学者),从句中缺少主语,故用who/that。 　who/that     21. At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands __________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 解析　句意:在这个中国艺术节上,有不同的展台,艺术家们在那里展示他们的技能并教 游客。设空处引导定语从句,对stands(展台)进行修饰,在从句中作地点状语,故用where。 　where     22. In the North China Plain, __________ wheat is a major crop, farmers have been busy preparing the soil, carefully tested and certified by local agricultural stations, for a good harvest. 解析　句意:在华北平原小麦是主要作物,在那里农民正忙着整地,土壤均经过当地农业 站的仔细检测和认证,以此保证有好收成。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the North China Plain,设空处在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。 　where     综合提升 23. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _________ she opened with her late husband Les. 解析　句意:现在,Irene Astbury每天上午9点到下午5点在Macclesfield的宠物店工作,这 家店是她与已故的丈夫Les共同开的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the pet shop。从句中缺少opened的宾语,故用which。 which          24. During the festival, Rieu presented an outstanding jazz performance, __________ he especially included an adaptation of a Chinese folk song named “Yimeng Mountain.” 解析　句意:在音乐节期间,Rieu带来了一场精彩的爵士乐表演,在这场表演中特别包含 了一首改编自中国民歌《沂蒙山》的曲子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 performance,关系词在从句中作地点状语,表示“在这场表演中”。故填where。 　where     25. Scientists are transforming barren sands into productive land in China's northwest, ___________ towns once moved away from advancing deserts, offering ecological and economic hope to local communities. 解析　句意:在中国西北部,城镇曾经因沙漠推进而被迫搬迁,科学家们正将不毛沙地改 造为良田,这为当地社区带来了生态与经济希望。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行 词为China's northwest(指地点),关系词在从句作地点状语。故填where。     where     26. To write his own medical text, Li Shizhen referenced over 800 medical texts, countless books on history and geography, and works of literature. He even studied the complete works of many ancient poets, from __________ he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. 解析　句意:李时珍在撰写自己的医学专著时,参考了800余部医学典籍、大量历史和 地理著作及文学作品。他甚至研读了众多古代诗人的全集,并从中选取了数量惊人的 医学相关诗句。from...为非限制性定语从句,先行词为the complete works of many ancient poets,指物,关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语,需用关系代词which。 　which     27. A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of ________ are suitable for domestic gardens. 解析　句意:国家植物收藏可包括许多养护得当的植物,其中许多适合家庭花园种植。 many of...为非限制性定语从句,先行词为plants(指物),且设空处在从句中作介词of的宾 语,应用关系代词which。     which     28. The Digital World is a set of volumes _______________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 解析　句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数 字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是volumes(指 物),关系词在从句中作主语,故用that/which。 　that/which     29. Returned in January 2024, the vessel comes from the Western Zhou Dynasty (c. 11th century-771 BC). It is composed of a large bowl _______________ has double handles in the design of a coil-nose animal face. 解析　句意:该容器于2024年1月归还,建造于西周时期(约公元前11世纪至公元前771 年)。其主体为大型碗状器皿,两个把手采用卷鼻兽首设计。设空处引导定语从句,先 行词a large bowl为物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词。故填that/which。 　that/which     30. Many common dishes in Chinese households _______________ are rich in flavor and deeply rooted in regional culinary (烹饪) traditions are included in the list. 解析　句意:这份清单收录了中国家庭中许多风味浓郁、深深植根于地方烹饪传统的 常见菜肴。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词dishes指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用 that/which。 　that/which     31. Born into four generations of carpenters, Hao Liyan seemed destined for a career in building. But his true calling was running a business crafting toys ______________ use traditional Chinese mortise-and-tenon (榫卯) joints. 解析　句意:郝立岩出身于四代木匠世家,看似注定要从事建筑行业。但他真正的事业 是经营一家玩具制造企业,这些玩具采用中国传统榫卯工艺。设空处引导限制性定语 从句。先行词toys指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that/which。 　that/which     32. Born into a family __________ there had been scholars for generations, Xuanzang received a classical Confucian education in his youth, but under the influence of his brother, he became interested in Buddhism and wanted to go west to India to learn more about Buddhism. 解析　句意:玄奘出生于一个世代出学者的家庭,青年时期接受过传统的儒家教育。但 在兄长的影响下,他逐渐对佛教产生兴趣,立志向西前往印度深造佛教学问。设空处引 导限制性定语从句,先行词为family,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。 　where     33. Moreover, in 2005, Wang Xiaoyun and domestic experts designed China's first hash function algorithm standard SM3, __________ security has been highly recognized at home and abroad. 解析　句意:此外,在2005年,王小云与国内专家共同设计了我国首个哈希函数算法标准 SM3,其安全性在国内外获得高度认可。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代SM3,与空 后的security构成所属关系,故用whose。 　whose     34. He said that through his involvement in road running events, not only has he improved his physical health and expanded his social circle, but also witnessed his progress in running, __________ also helped him realize the true meaning of competing. 解析　句意:他说,通过参加公路跑步活动,他不仅改善了自己的身体健康,扩大了自己 的社交圈,还见证了自己在跑步方面的进步,这也帮助他认识到了竞争的真正意义。设 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为上文描述的事情,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关 系代词which。 　which     35. They look on the game as the universe where the board is the earth and the black and white stones are yin and yang, the only two life forces _________ both war against each other and work together. 解析　句意:他们将棋局视为宇宙,棋盘象征地球,黑白棋子代表阴阳——这两种仅有的 生命力量既相互斗争又协同作用。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是forces且被the only 修饰,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that(不可用which)。 　that     36. In ancient times, the pipa was a popular instrument among scholars and artists, many of _________ wrote poems and music inspired by the pipa. 解析　句意:在古代,琵琶在学者和艺术家中是一种流行的乐器,他们中的许多人以琵琶 为灵感来源创作诗歌和音乐。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修 饰scholars and artists(指人),设空处作介词的宾语,应用关系代词whom。 　whom     37. The Hengshui Style, also known as “Hengshui Ti”, is a standardized English handwriting method popularized by students from Hengshui High School, __________ strictness and academic excellence are well known in China. 解析　句意:衡水体是一种标准化的英语书写方法,由衡水中学的学生推广,该校以严格 和卓越的教学能力而在中国闻名。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Hengshui High School,设空处在从句中作定语,表示所属关系,应用关系代词whose。 　whose     38. His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things _________ other people make.” 解析　句意:他对“我们中国人能造出导弹吗?”的回应是斩钉截铁的“为什么不能? 别人能搞出来的东西,我们中国人同样能搞出来。”此处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先 行词things。设空处在从句中作make的宾语,先行词被same修饰,故应填关系代词that。 　that     39. _______ David Myers points out, “Actual income doesn't much influence happiness; how satisfied we are with our income does. If we're content with our income, regardless of how much it is, we're likely to say we're happy. To put it another way, satisfaction isn't so much getting what you want as wanting what you have.” 解析　句意:正如戴维·迈尔斯指出的:“实际收入不会太影响幸福感;我们对收入的满 意程度才会影响。如果我们对自己的收入感到满意,无论它有多少,我们都可能说自己 很幸福。换一种方式说,满足感与其说是得到你想要的,不如说是想要你已拥有的。” 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,对整个主句所述观点进行补充说明。设空处在从句中 充当宾语,表示“正如”,故填关系代词As。 　As     40. That's such a well-known place _______ everyone wants to visit, and we can find it on the map of the world. 解析　句意:那是一个如此著名的地方,人人都想去参观,而且我们都能在世界地图上找 到它。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词place,在从句中作visit的宾语,先行词被such修饰, 故填as。 注意 先行词为such或被such修饰时,定语从句只能用as引导。 　as     $