课时分层检测(十四) Making a difference（Word试题版）-【创新大课堂】2027年高三英语一轮总复习（外研版）

**基本信息** 选用2025-2026年河南、湖南、山东等地高三模拟题，包含阅读理解（人物传记、哲理思辨）和完形填空（探险经历），注重真实情境与思维训练，适配一轮复习巩固。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|8题|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|选取Susan La Flesche传记及诚实与爱关系议论文，情境具人文性，问题层次分明| |完形填空|15题|词义辨析、语境理解、逻辑推理|以南极探险经历为素材，考查词汇运用与语篇连贯，贴近高考真实情境|

课时分层检测（十四） Making a difference Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2026·河南省新高考联盟高三模拟预测） The wind roils the Midwest plains as if it is searching for someone or something to carry away. Dust and chaff funnel into blinding clouds. The clatter of storms overhead makes it impossible to hear, and herds of bison (野牛) grow restless. The Omaha tribe has wandered these plains for generations, and now, it seems that the winds have brought back one of their own. Susan La Flesche has returned to the village where she was born. Not as a visitor, but as the region’s only doctor. When Susan was 8 years old, she waited at the bedside of an elderly woman writhing in pain. A doctor was called for. They waited. A messenger was sent. The doctor still didn’t come. Susan provided what comfort she could through the night, but by sunrise, the elderly woman had died. The episode both haunted and motivated Susan. She threw herself into her studies and earned her way to what is now Hampton University in Virginia—a historically Black college with a program for native American students. And she finished second in her class. Susan would never forget the childhood she enjoyed, full of powwows, buffalo hunts and the people she loved. But there was further to go. She enrolled in the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, a tedious train ride away from the world she knew. It was 1886, and the Victorian age held stiff against the progress of women. In her graduation speech from Hampton, she told the East Coast audience, “Give us a chance.” Three years later, she became a doctor. Returning to the plains to serve her people was a difficult task. She opened an office in the government boarding school and began seeing patients. The lines were long, old and young seeking reprieve (缓解) from cholera and tuberculosis (肺结核) as well as a slew of other diseases. Susan worked long hours at her office but also braved the wind and snow, walking miles to make house calls. Her work was more than as a physician. She often acted as lawyer, accountant, priest, political liaison and counselor as she helped the Omahas navigate the new world. And Dr. Susan La Flesche was determined to spend her entire life helping her people navigate the storms. 1. Why was the environment of the plains described in the first Paragraph? A. To arouse readers’ interest. B. To lead to the topic of the passage. C. To reflect Susan’s mood. D. To introduce terrible conditions there. 2. What contributed to Susan’s being a doctor? A. Her poor family. B. Her desire for knowledge. C. The opposition to women’s progress. D. The lack of medical resources in her hometown. 3. What can we infer about Susan from the third paragraph? A. She had an unhappy childhood. B. She enjoyed the train ride to her college. C. She got high marks in every exam. D. She encountered difficulties in her college life. 4. Which words can best describe Susan? A. Serious and brave. B. Hard-working and helpful. C. Sensitive and modest. D. Greedy and self-centred. B （2025·湖南多校联考） There are a lot of good and logical reasons not to say what you think, especially when others disagree. Offending people isn’t nice, and it can lead to social consequences. Nodding along might seem practical or charitable, despite the fact that you are screaming disagreement on the inside. However, the true act of charity is to say what you really think. Your committing to complete honesty can be an act of love. One of my friends takes honesty to the extreme. He calls talks with others that get to the complete truth of things, even difficult admissions in views, “love conversations”. Once two people have such a conversation, his theory goes, they can understand each other and act accordingly. As a philosophical matter, my friend’s belief of “love conversations” is Kantian. The German philosopher Kant argued that lying to others prevents them from making choices based on the truth, which is contradictory with friendship and love. In the 1990s, Brad Blanton argued when the truth is hard to accept, telling it can have costs, including social disapproval and broken relationships. But it is worth the consequences because it can reduce stress, deepen connections with others, and reduce emotional reactivity. Both sides can’t be right here. Either Kant, Blanton, and my friend are embracing a faulty theory, or our society is missing a big opportunity for moral growth. You might say that little white lies are a society lubricant (润滑剂). They can even seem virtuous. After telling a white lie, I sometimes pat myself on the back, turning my evil into a virtue inside my own head. Some lies might make life easier, but they don’t necessarily make life happier. I wouldn’t want my wife to tell me what she thinks I want to hear, as if we were strangers avoiding conflict, and finding out that she had done so would make me feel distrusted and therefore hurt our relationship. I don’t want a stranger to tell me she likes my writing if she doesn’t, because unreal compliments make me suspicious. 5. What can we learn from “my friend” in Paragraph 2? A. He admits other’s views with great honest. B. He practices Kant’s philosophical theories. C. He loves to discuss philosophy with others. D. He prevents himself from difficult choices. 6. Brad Blanton found telling the truth ________. A. stressful and emotional B. unacceptable and harmful C thoughtless but courageous D. challenging but deserving 7. Why is his wife mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To distinguish his wife from a stranger. B. To show his wife’s honesty and virtue. C. To argue for the importance of frankness. D. To stress avoiding suspicion in marriage. 8. Which statement does the author probably agree with? A. Telling the truth can be an act of love. B. The route to happier life lies in lies. C. Little white lies are actually virtuous. D. Our society is being corrupted by lies. Ⅱ. 完形填空 （2026年山东省临沂市二模） Growing up, I spent a lot of time outdoors — camping and skiing in the mountains. At 16, I decided to go to Antarctica alone. When I told my parents, they ____9____ I had already made up my mind. My parents are great role models — many parents tell their children to wait until they’re older to ____10____ their dreams. But if you wait too long you’ll have other ____11____. The journey is 1,130 km. I had to increase my body weight to ____12____ the supplies on my sledge (雪橇), so I did a lot of ____13____ training to gain muscle. To ____14____, I watched documentaries and read every book on the subject. To keep me ____15____ on the trip, I had podcasts and music. But, the further I went, the more I enjoyed just experiencing the ____16____. On the ____17____ days, I was in snow up to my knees and could only go 8.5 km in 10 hours. Then, when I arrived on the plateau (高原), I really felt the ____18____ and cold air affecting my lungs. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I ____19____ to breathe. Before finishing, I didn’t allow myself to think much, because I had to be ____20____. So when I arrived, fifty days after ____21____, it was fantastic to enjoy what I had achieved, though I also felt a slight emptiness because my ____22____ for so long had been about planning this project. I hope one day I will ____23____ and do a bigger expedition on my own. 9. A. suspected B. realized C. expected D. proved 10. A. explore B. interpret C. share D. change 11. A. complaints B. regrets C. advantages D. commitments 12. A. consume B. buy C. pull D. secure 13. A. character B. rescue C. strength D. management 14. A. reflect B. prepare C. celebrate D. entertain 15. A. distracted B. exhausted C. alarmed D. occupied 16. A. silence B. wildness C. coldness D. chaos 17. A. longest B. hardest C. darkest D. quickest 18. A. thin B. fresh C. stuffy D. earthy 19. A. wished B. struggled C. ceased D. learned 20. A. proud B. cheerful C. safe D. focused 21. A. setting aside B. setting up C. setting out D. setting down 22. A. faith B. trick C. trip D. life 23. A. reserve B. fear C. hatch D. skip 课时分层检测（十四） Making a difference Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A （2026·河南省新高考联盟高三模拟预测） 【1~4题答案】 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Susan La Flesche因为家乡缺乏医疗资源于是想要成为一名医生，经过不懈努力完成了大学学业，回到了家乡开始为人民服务。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The wind roils the Midwest plains as if it is searching for someone or something to carry away. Dust and chaff funnel into blinding clouds. The clatter of storms overhead makes it impossible to hear, and herds of bison (野牛) grow restless. The Omaha tribe has wandered these plains for generations, and now, it seems that the winds have brought back one of their own. Susan La Flesche has returned to the village where she was born. Not as a visitor, but as the region’s only doctor. (风搅动着中西部平原，好像在寻找什么人或什么东西可以带走。灰尘和箔条进入眩目的云层。头顶上的暴风雨使人听不见，成群的野牛变得焦躁不安。奥马哈部落已经在这片平原上游荡了好几代，现在，风似乎把他们自己的一个部落带回来了。苏珊·拉·弗莱什回到了她出生的村庄。不是作为访客，而是作为当地唯一的医生)”可推知，第一段描述平原的环境是为了引入文章主题。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When Susan was 8 years old, she waited at the bedside of an elderly woman writhing in pain. A doctor was called for. They waited. A messenger was sent. The doctor still didn’t come. Susan provided what comfort she could through the night, but by sunrise, the elderly woman had died. The episode both haunted and motivated Susan.(当苏珊8岁的时候，她在一个痛苦地扭动着的老妇人的床边等着。请了医生。他们等待着。一个信使被派去了。医生仍然没有来。苏珊尽她所能地安慰了她一整夜，但太阳升起时，老妇人已经去世了。这段插曲既困扰着苏珊，也激励着她)”可知，家乡缺乏医疗资源促使苏珊成为一名医生。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But there was further to go. She enrolled in the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, a tedious train ride away from the world she knew. It was 1886, and the Victorian age held stiff against the progress of women.(但还有更长的路要走。她被宾夕法尼亚女子医学院录取，这是一段远离她熟悉的世界的乏味的火车旅程。那是1886年，维多利亚时代对妇女的进步严加限制)”可知，苏珊的大学生活充满了艰辛。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“She threw herself into her studies and earned her way to what is now Hampton University in Virginia-a historically Black college with a program for native American students. And she finished second in her class.(她全身心地投入到学业中，最终进入了现在弗吉尼亚州的汉普顿大学——一所历史悠久的黑人大学，为美国原住民学生开设了一个项目。她在班里得了第二名)”以及最后一段“She opened an office in the government boarding school and began seeing patients. The lines were long, old and young seeking reprieve (缓解) from cholera and tuberculosis (肺结核) as well as a slew of other diseases. Susan worked long hours at her office but also braved the wind and snow, walking miles to make house calls. Her work was more than as a physician. She often acted as lawyer, accountant, priest, political liaison and counselor as she helped the Omahas navigate the new world. And Dr. Susan La Flesche was determined to spend her entire life helping her people navigate the storms.(她在公立寄宿学校开了一间办公室，开始为病人看病。队伍排得很长，老老少少都在寻求治疗霍乱、肺结核以及其他一系列疾病。苏珊在办公室工作很长时间，但也不惧风雪，走几英里路去出诊。她的工作不仅仅是医生。她经常扮演律师、会计、牧师、政治联络员和顾问的角色，帮助奥马哈人在新世界中航行。苏珊·拉·弗莱什博士决心用她的一生帮助她的人民渡过难关)”可推知，苏珊工作努力，乐于助人。故选B。 B （2025·湖南多校联考） 【5~8题答案】 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文论述了在生活中说真话的重要性。作者认为，哪怕和别人观点不同，哪怕惹怒他人，我们应该坚持说真话，以免误导他人做出错误判断。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“As a philosophical matter, my friend’s belief of “love conversations” is Kantian. The German philosopher Kant argued that lying to others prevents them from making choices based on the truth, which is contradictory with friendship and love.(作为一个哲学问题，我朋友对“爱对话”的信仰是康德式的。德国哲学家康德认为，对别人撒谎会阻碍他们根据真相做出选择，这与友谊和爱情是矛盾的)”可知，“我的朋友”实践康德的哲学理论。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the 1990s, Brad Blanton argued when the truth is hard to accept, telling it can have costs, including social disapproval and broken relationships. But it is worth the consequences because it can reduce stress, deepen connections with others, and reduce emotional reactivity.(上世纪90年代，布拉德·布兰顿认为，当真相难以接受时，说出真相可能会有代价，包括社会的反对和关系的破裂。但这样做是值得的，因为它可以减轻压力，加深与他人的联系，减少情绪反应)”可知，布拉德·布兰顿发现说真话具有挑战性，但是值得。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some lies might make life easier, but they don’t necessarily make life happier. I wouldn’t want my wife to tell me what she thinks I want to hear, as if we were strangers avoiding conflict, and finding out that she had done so would make me feel distrusted and therefore hurt our relationship. I don’t want a stranger to tell me she likes my writing if she doesn’t, because unreal compliments make me suspicious.(有些谎言可能会让生活更轻松，但不一定会让生活更快乐。我不希望我的妻子告诉我她认为我想听的话，就好像我们是避免冲突的陌生人，发现她这样做会让我感到不被信任，从而伤害我们的关系。我不希望一个陌生人告诉我她喜欢我的作品，如果她不喜欢的话，因为不真实的赞美会让我产生怀疑)”可推知，最后一段提到了他的妻子是为了论证坦率的重要性。故选C。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Your committing to complete honesty can be an act of love.(你对完全诚实的承诺可以是一种爱的行为)”可知，作者认为说实话可能是一种爱的行为。故选A。 Ⅱ. 完形填空 （2026年山东省临沂市二模） 【9~23题答案】 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者 16 岁时独自去南极洲的经历，包括出发前的准备、旅途中的艰辛以及完成旅程后的感受。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母时，他们意识到我已经下定决心。A. suspected怀疑；B. realized意识到；C. expected期望；D. proved证明。根据上文的“When I told my parents”以及下文的“I had already made up my mind”可知，父母意识到作者已经下定决心。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母是很好的榜样——很多父母告诉他们的孩子要等到年龄更大时去探索他们的梦想。A. explore探索；B. interpret解释；C. share分享；D. change改变。根据上文的“Growing up, I spent a lot of time outdoors — camping and skiing in the mountains.”可知，作者的很多时间都是在户外探索，结合下文的“their dreams”可知，此处指的是探索梦想。故选A项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是如果你等得太久，你会有其他的责任。A. complaints抱怨；B. regrets遗憾；C. advantages优势；D. commitments责任。根据生活常识和上文的“many parents tell their children to wait until they’re older to ____2____ their dreams.”可知，很多家长告诉孩子等到年龄大了去探索梦想，结合but可知，此处指的是如果等太久再去实现梦想，那时会有其他责任。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不增加体重以便拉动雪橇上的补给品，所以我做了很多力量训练来增加肌肉。A. consume消耗；B. buy买；C. pull拉；D. secure保护。根据上文的“I had to increase my body weight”可知，作者需要增加体重，结合下文的“the supplies on my sledge (雪橇)”可知，增加体重的目的是拉动雪橇上的补给品。故选C项。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不得不增加体重以便拉动雪橇上的补给品，所以我做了很多力量训练来增加肌肉。A. character性格；B. rescue营救；C. strength力量；D. management管理。根据上文的“I had to increase my body weight to ____4____ the supplies on my sledge (雪橇)”可知，作者为了拉雪橇上的补给品需要增加体重，结合下文的“to gain muscle”可知，此处指的是做“力量”训练来增加肌肉。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了准备，我看了纪录片，读了关于这个主题的每一本书。A. reflect反映；B. prepare准备；C. celebrate庆祝；D. entertain娱乐。根据下文的“watched documentaries and read every book on the subject”可知，这是为此次旅程做准备。故选B项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了在旅途中让自己有事做，我听播客和音乐。A. distracted分心的；B. exhausted疲惫的；C. alarmed惊慌的；D. occupied忙碌的，有事做的。根据下文的“I had podcasts and music”可知，听播客和音乐是为了让自己在旅途中有事做。故选D项。 【16题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我走得越远，我就越享受这份寂静。A. silence寂静；B. wildness野蛮；C. coldness寒冷；D. chaos混乱。根据上文“To keep me ____7____ on the trip, I had podcasts and music.”可知，作者在旅途中听播客和音乐，再结合“But the further I went, the more I enjoyed”可知，走得越远越享受寂静。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最艰难的日子里，我在齐膝深的雪地里，10个小时只能走8.5公里。A. longest最长的；B. hardest最艰难的；C. darkest最黑暗的；D. quickest最快的。根据下文的“in snow up to my knees and could only go 8.5 km in 10 hours”可知，这是最艰难的日子。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，当我到达高原时，我真切地感受到稀薄的空气和冷空气影响着我的肺部。A. thin稀薄的；B. fresh新鲜的；C. stuffy闷热的；D. earthy泥土的。根据上文的“Then, when I arrived on the plateau (高原)”以及下文的“and cold air affecting my lungs”和常识可知，高原上空气稀薄。故选A项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我的肺部很疼，我呼吸困难。A. wished希望；B. struggled挣扎，努力；C. ceased停止；D. learned学习。根据上文的“my lungs were painful”可知，作者肺部疼，由此可知，作者呼吸困难，struggle to breathe意为“呼吸困难”。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在完成之前，我不允许自己想太多，因为我必须集中精力。A. proud骄傲的；B. cheerful高兴的；C. safe安全的；D. focused集中精力的。根据“Before finishing, I didn’t allow myself to think much”可知，作者不允许自己想太多，由此可知，此处指的是要集中精力完成旅程。故选D项。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以当我在出发五十天后到达时，享受我所取得的成就感觉棒极了，不过我也感到一丝空虚，因为我这么长时间以来的生活一直是围绕着规划这个项目。A. setting aside留出；B. setting up建立；C. setting out出发；D. setting down写下。根据上文的“when I arrived, fifty days after”可知，此处指的是出发五十天后到达。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，在启程五十天后成功抵达时，享受我所取得的成就感觉棒极了，不过我也感到一丝空虚，因为我这么长时间以来的生活一直是围绕着规划这个项目。A. faith信念；B. trick诡计；C. trip旅行；D. life生活。根据上文的“The journey is 1,130 km. I had to increase my body weight to ____4____ the supplies on my sledge (雪橇), so I did a lot of ____5____ training to gain muscle.”可知，作者为这个项目付出很多的努力，由此可知，此处指的是作者这么长时间的生活是围绕着规划这个项目。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望有一天我会策划并独自进行一次更大的探险。A. reserve保留；B. fear害怕；C. hatch策划；D. skip跳过。根据下文的“and do a bigger expedition on my own”可知，此处指的是作者策划一次更大的探险。故选C项。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $