内容正文:
必修第三册
UNIT 2 Making a difference
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
Li Hua lived in a city ____1____ suffered from water shortage for a long time. To our relief, the government ministry wanted to find some effective measures ____2____ (solve) the problem. In reality, with perseverance and considerable insight, the government funded and established some temporary and permanent water-saving foundations, whose chief and major mission was to launch some well-digging programmes. To make contributions to these programmes, many sensitive citizens were so generous that they never hesitated to donate money to the ____3____ (relate) institutions, Li Hua, one of the ____4____ (donor), donated what he earned from ____5____ (he) part-time jobs, and registered for a volunteer in the registration office to appeal ____6____ more people to save water. They also ____7____ (teach) people how to store and recycle water. With their assistance, the government’s work turned out to be ____8____ (benefit). ____9____ they did aided many people, ____10____ (obtain) great achievements.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 effective adj. 有效的,产生预期效果的;生效的(effect n. 效果;影响)
11. Favorable policies made by the government ministry are ________ effect to encourage more institutions to fund charity foundations. (用适当的词填空)
(2025·浙江1月)
12. Building effective communication skills takes time, but the ________ (effective) are worth the effort. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·天津,书面表达)
13. 事实上,一旦上述有效措施生效,低碳校园将在不久的将来成为现实。
________, once ________, a low-carbon campus will become a reality in the near future.
2 relief n.(疾病、痛苦等的)减轻,缓解(relieve v. 减轻,缓解relieved adj. 宽心的,宽慰的)
14. What ________ relief! I am not diagnosed with the serious disease. (用适当的词填空)
(2025·浙江1月读后续写)
15. 凯文感到如释重负,他知道自己的直觉是正确的。
Kevin felt ________, knowing that his instincts had been correct.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
16. 我哽咽着说:“是你的慷慨帮助和及时指导减轻了我沉重的压力。”
I choked out, “It is your generous assistance and timely guidance ________.”
3 hesitate v. 迟疑,犹豫(hesitation n. 迟疑,犹豫hesitant adj. 犹豫不决的)
(应用文写作之建议信)
17. 无论你何时有麻烦,我都会毫不犹豫地帮你一把。
Whenever you are in trouble, ________.
4 major adj. 主要的;严重的 vi. 主修n. 主修课程;主修学生(majority n. 大部分,大多数)
18. The majority of money ________ (donate) by local businessmen to assist those children suffering from severe diseases or disabilities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(应用文写作之申请信)
19. 作为一名英语专业的毕业生,我很高兴能申请这个职位。作为一名英语专业的学生,我不仅能说流利的英语,还可以帮助你处理各种事务。
As a graduate ________, I feel excited to apply for the position. ________, not only can I speak English fluently but I can also aid you to handle various matters.
(2022·全国乙,书面表达)
20. 从上面的图表可以很容易地看出,喜欢听英文歌曲的人占大多数。
It can be easily seen from the above chart that those who prefer listening to English songs ________.
用法点拨 “a/the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致;the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
5 break into a smile 突然笑起来
(读后续写之片段描写)
用break短语的正确形式填空
A terrible quarrel ____21____ between the sensitive guy and his parents. He had ____22____ down his inner anger, so the guy rose to his feet and stormed out of the house, determining on ____23____ his family and ____24____ his relationship with his parents. With the sun ____25____ at around lunchtime, he staggered aimlessly on the street, regretting what he had said and done. Then, he dashed back, broke into his house and hugged his parents, who removed their worry and finally ____26____.
6 独立主格结构 These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis. 这些孩子大都是犹太人,他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
27. 学生国画作品展上展览了许多好作品,我坚信每个人都会通过这次活动对中国传统文化有更深的理解。
________ on the Students’ Chinese Painting Exhibition, I firmly believe that everyone will have a deeper understanding of traditional Chinese culture through this event.
(读后续写之情绪描写)
28. 期末考试不及格,小女孩慢腾腾地走进客厅,羞愧得满脸通红。
Having failed in the end-of-term examination, the little girl dragged her feet into the sitting room, ________.
(读后续写之动作描写)
29. 他涨红了脸,心脏怦怦直跳,他跳起来,扯着嗓门喊着。
________, he leapt to his feet and yelled at the top of his voice.
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
30. 吃完晚饭,我匆匆赶回挤奶房,渴望再次见到那只可爱的蜂鸟。
________, I hurried back to the milking house, eager to meet the lovely hummingbird once again.
(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
31. 有一场重要的考试要参加,我忐忑不安地来回踱步,如坐针毡。
________, I paced back and forth restlessly, feeling on pins and needles.
7 on/upon doing... On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. 一毕业,温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。
32. In reality, on ________ (arrive), he was caught by some policemen on the spot. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
33. 一得知我有困难,那位热心的出租车司机就毫不犹豫地帮助了我。
________, the warm-hearted taxi driver didn’t hesitate to give me a hand.
34. 我的头一从大南瓜里被拔出来,我就松了一口气。
①________, I sighed in relief.
②________ when I sighed in relief. (倒装句)
用法点拨 1.表示“一……就……”的还有:the moment/the instant/the minute+从句,immediately/ instantly/directly/once+从句,hardly/scarcely... when...,no sooner... than...等。
2.在hardly/scarcely... when...和no sooner... than...中,主句常用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时。当hardly,scarcely,no sooner放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
She helped me selflessly to extend① my company’s services to Hong Kong. I extended② my hand to her and we wandered along the road extending③ to the river. While chatting, I extended④ my sincere thanks to her.
①____35____ ②____36____ ③____37____ ④____38____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The chief① engineer thought that the chief② problem was to figure out what caused the failure and the chief③ of the technology company agreed with the engineer.
①____39____ ②____40____ ③____41____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
I major① in urban planning and the major② content of my major③ subjects focuses on solving the problem of parking in many cities. Being a major④ in urban planning, I am busy on a daily basis.
①____42____ ②____43____ ③____44____ ④____45____
Ⅱ. 单元知识应用
46. It is because of his ________ (generous) that I can adjust to the new environment quite smoothly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47. ________ the aid of the kind neighbour, we resolved the problem at last. (用适当的词填空)
48. I ensure that he will come to your ________ (assist) whenever you have difficulty. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. From my point of view, my duty is making ________ (contribute) to building a more powerful country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. To be frank, I didn’t know the specific steps in the ________ (treat) for burns and so anxious was I that tears welled up in my eyes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. Apart from snakes, fish is also a cold-blooded animal and is quite sensitive ________ water temperature. (用适当的词填空)
52. Our English teacher ________ (tell) us useful learning strategies, we have greatly improved our grades. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53. A ________ (short) of time caused my failure, which made me quite annoyed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. What let me down was that he didn’t put forward any ________ (effect) measures. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55. Much to my ________ (relieve), he didn’t find fault with me any longer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——乐于助人
56. 假如你叫李津。你的英国朋友Chris正在学习汉语,他在电子邮件中希望通过你了解什么是“活雷锋”。现在,请你给他回复一封邮件,内容要点如下:
1. 解释什么是“活雷锋”;
2. 介绍一位你身边的“活雷锋”;
3. 鼓励他继续学习汉语。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
57. 一听到周围的人处于困境,他总是愿意帮助他们。(on doing)(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
58. 我哥哥毫不犹豫地向需要帮助的人伸出援助之手,他的工友和邻居都为此称赞他。(hesitate;“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
59. 我哥哥做了许多好事,我决定以他为榜样。(独立主格结构)(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
60. 我希望我给你介绍的东西能对你有很大的帮助,并且希望你在汉语学习上取得更大的进步。(what引导主语从句)(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
61. 如果你对汉语有任何问题,我很乐意像“活雷锋”一样为你提供一些有效的方法。(effective;虚拟语气的倒装句) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_________________________________________________________
语料运用 【乐于助人】
Much to people’s shock, a tornado occurred in a small town nearby. At the bad news, Mary froze with shock, ____62____ (形容词短语作状语). Mary shared the news with her children, and asked if they would like to share what they had with the less fortunate. All the children donated something without hesitation and ____63____. Anne’s brother saw Anne place her favorite toy in the box, ____64____ (with的复合结构). ____65____ (现在分词短语作状语), he then rose to his feet, went back to his room and ran back with his favorite toy to the living room. ____66____ (形容词短语作状语), Mary saw what her children were doing in disbelief. Mary ____67____, thinking, “____68____ (感叹句)! They are willing to go to others’ assistance.”
令人震惊的是,附近的一个小镇发生了龙卷风。听到这个坏消息,玛丽震惊得僵住了,一动不动。玛丽把这个消息告诉了她的孩子们,并问他们是否愿意与那些不幸的人分享他们的东西。所有的孩子都毫不犹豫地捐了一些东西,她惊讶得张大了嘴巴。安妮的哥哥见安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放进盒子里,脸上闪过一丝惊讶。他睁大眼睛盯着她,随后站起身来,回到自己的房间,拿着他最喜欢的玩具跑回客厅。看到她的孩子们在做什么,玛丽又惊又喜,简直不敢相信。玛丽突然笑了起来,心想:“我的孩子们多慷慨啊!他们愿意去帮助别人。”
必修第三册
UNIT 2 Making a difference
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. which##that
2. to solve
3. related 4. donors
5. his 6. to
7. taught 8. beneficial
9. What 10. obtaining
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了缺水城市在政府和市民的共同努力下解决缺水问题的故事。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:李华住在一座长期缺水的城市里。根据“a city ... suffered from water shortage”可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是city,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们欣慰的是,政府部门想要找到一些有效措施来解决这个问题。句中谓语是wanted,设空处应用非谓语形式,measures to do sth.意为“做某事的措施”,为固定搭配。故填to solve。
【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意:为了给这些项目做贡献,很多有同情心的市民非常慷慨,毫不犹豫地给相关机构捐款。根据“... institutions”可知,此处用形容词修饰名词,relate是动词,其形容词形式是related。故填related。
【4题详解】
考查名词。句意:李华是捐赠者之一,他捐出了他从兼职工作中赚到的钱,并在登记处报名成为志愿者,呼吁更多人节约用水。根据“one of the ...”可知,one of后接可数名词复数,donor的复数形式是donors。故填donors。
【5题详解】
考查代词。句意:李华是捐赠者之一,他捐出了他从兼职工作中赚到的钱,并在登记处报名成为志愿者,呼吁更多人节约用水。根据“... part-time jobs”可知,此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词,he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意:李华是捐赠者之一,他捐出了他从兼职工作中赚到的钱,并在登记处报名成为志愿者,呼吁更多人节约用水。appeal to ...意为“呼吁……”,为固定搭配。故填to。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意:他们还教人们如何储存和循环利用水。全文为一般过去时,此处缺谓语动词,teach的过去式是taught。故填taught。
【8题详解】
考查形容词。句意:在他们的帮助下,政府的工作效果很好。根据“turned out to be ...”可知,此处用形容词作表语,benefit的形容词形式是beneficial。故填beneficial。
【9题详解】
考查主语从句。句意:他们所做的事帮助了很多人,取得了巨大成就。根据“... they did aided many people”可知,此处引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语,引导词用what,位于句首首字母大写。故填What。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他们所做的事帮助了很多人,取得了巨大成就。句中谓语是aided,设空处应用非谓语形式,主语与obtain为主动关系,用现在分词作结果状语。故填obtaining。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 effective adj. 有效的,产生预期效果的;生效的(effect n. 效果;影响)
【11题答案】
【答案】in
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:政府部门制定的优惠政策正在生效,以鼓励更多机构为慈善基金会提供资金。固定搭配in effect意为“生效;有效”,在句中作表语,契合政策“正在生效”的语境。故填in。
(2025·浙江1月)
【12题答案】
【答案】effects
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:建立有效的沟通技巧需要时间,但其效果值得付出努力。根据“the”和“are”可知,此处需要填入名词复数形式作主语,表示“效果”这一概念。effective的名词形式为effect,意为“效果;作用”,复数形式为effects。故填effects。
(2024·天津,书面表达)
【13题答案】
【答案】 ①. In effect ②. the above effective measures come into effect/take effect/are brought/put into effect
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“事实上”和“上述有效措施生效”;句子陈述事实,时态为主将从现(主句一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时);“事实上”翻译为In effect,在句中作插入语;“上述有效措施”译为the above effective measures,在句中作从句主语;谓语动词用原形,常用表达为come into effect/take effect/are brought/put into effect。故填In effect;the above effective measures come into effect/take effect/are brought/put into effect。
2 relief n.(疾病、痛苦等的)减轻,缓解(relieve v. 减轻,缓解relieved adj. 宽心的,宽慰的)
【14题答案】
【答案】a
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意:真是一大宽慰啊!我没有被诊断出患有重病。relief通常作为不可数抽象名词使用,但在感叹句What + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!结构中,抽象名词可具体化,此处表示“一件令人宽慰的事”,是可数概念。且relief发音以辅音音素/r/开头,用a符合语境。故填a。
(2025·浙江1月读后续写)
【15题答案】
【答案】a surge of relief
【解析】
【详解】考查介词和名词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“如释重负”,翻译为a surge of relief,在句中作表语。故填a surge of relief。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【16题答案】
【答案】that have relieved me of the heavy pressure/that have relieved my heavy pressure
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定短语和强调句型。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表达“减轻了我沉重的压力”,过去发生的动作(得到帮助)导致了现在的结果(压力不再沉重),用现在完成时;此句为强调句型“It is + 强调部分 +that +其他”,“减轻我的压力”译为relieve me of the heavy pressure或relieve my heavy pressure,主语是前面的复数名词assistance and guidance,谓语动词用复数形式have relieved。故填that have relieved me of the heavy pressure/that have relieved my heavy pressure。
3 hesitate v. 迟疑,犹豫(hesitation n. 迟疑,犹豫hesitant adj. 犹豫不决的)
(应用文写作之建议信)
【17题答案】
【答案】I will not hesitate about/over helping you out/I will not hesitate to help you out/I will help you out without hesitation/I will have no hesitation in helping you out
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词/固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表示“我都会毫不犹豫地帮你一把”,句首是Whenever引导的时间状语从句you are in trouble(一般现在时),主句需用一般将来时(will + 动词原形)表承诺/将来的行为;表达“毫不犹豫地做某事”有多种固定搭配,均符合题意:hesitate to do sth,hesitate about/over doing sth,without hesitation介词短语作状语,have no hesitation in doing sth;“帮你一把”译为help you out。故翻译为I will not hesitate about/over helping you out/I will not hesitate to help you out/I will help you out without hesitation/I will have no hesitation in helping you out。
4 major adj. 主要的;严重的 vi. 主修n. 主修课程;主修学生(majority n. 大部分,大多数)
【18题答案】
【答案】was donated
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:大部分资金由当地商人捐赠,用于帮助那些患有严重疾病或残疾的儿童。根据句意可知,此处主语The majority of money与动词donate之间是被动关系,且money为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;捐赠动作发生在过去,donate的过去分词形式为donated,故用一般过去时的被动语态was donated。故填was donated。
(应用文写作之申请信)
【19题答案】
【答案】 ①. majoring in English ②. Being/As an English major
【解析】
【详解】第一空处应翻译为“主修英语的”,用于修饰前面的名词a graduate。major in是固定搭配,意为“主修……”,graduate与major是主动关系,因此用现在分词短语majoring in English作后置定语;第二空处应翻译为“作为一名英语专业的学生”,作状语修饰后面的主句,用现在分词短语作状语Being an English major,being作原因/伴随状语,用介词短语作状语As an English major,as作方式/身份状语。
(2022·全国乙,书面表达)
【20题答案】
【答案】are in the majority##are in a majority
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“占大多数”。“占大多数”用固定短语be in the/a majority,后接名词作宾语;本句主语为those who prefer listening to English songs,是复数,且句子为一般现在时,因此be动词用are。
用法点拨 “a/the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致;the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。
5 break into a smile 突然笑起来
(读后续写之片段描写)
【21~26题答案】
【答案】21. broke out
22. difficulty breaking
23. breaking away from
24. breaking up
25. breaking through
26. broke into a smile
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个敏感的男孩与父母爆发激烈争吵后,内心愤怒难以抑制,愤然离家,随后又后悔并回家与父母和解的故事。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语与时态。句意:这个敏感的男孩和他父母之间爆发了一场可怕的争吵。根据主语“A terrible quarrel quarrel”可知,此处表示爆发争吵,用短语break out;句子讲述过去发生的事,用一般过去时。故填broke out。
【22题详解】
考查固定短语与非谓语动词。句意:他难以平息内心的怒火,于是站起身,怒气冲冲地冲出家门,决心脱离家庭,断绝与父母的关系。根据“He had ... down his inner anger”可知,此处表示难以平息内心的怒火,“难以做某事……”用短语have difficulty doing sth.,“平息”用短语break down。故填difficulty breaking。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语与非谓语动词。句意:同上。根据“... his family”可知,此处表示脱离他的家庭,用短语break away from,determine on后用动名词形式作宾语。故填breaking away from。
【24题详解】
考查固定短语与非谓语动词。句意:同上。根据“... his relationship with his parents”可知,此处表示关系破裂,用短语break up,且与上一空并列,同作on的宾语,用动名词;故填breaking up。
【25题详解】
考查固定短语与非谓语动词。句意:大约午饭时分,太阳冲破云层,他漫无目的地在街上蹒跚走着,后悔自己说过的话和做过的事。此句谓语动词是staggered,设空处需填非谓语动词。根据“With the sun ...”可知,此处表示太阳突破云层,用短语break through,与逻辑主语the sun之间为主动关系。故填breaking through。
【26题详解】
考查固定短语与时态。句意:然后,他冲回家,破门而入,抱住了父母,父母打消了心中的担忧,终于露出了笑容。根据“who removed their worry and finally ...”可知,此句用一般过去时,表示突然笑起来,用短语break into a smile。故填broke into a smile。
6 独立主格结构 These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis. 这些孩子大都是犹太人,他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。
【27题答案】
【答案】Many wonderful works shown/exhibited
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“展览了许多好作品”;句子主语为I,前后句无连词连接,因此前半句需使用独立主格结构作时间/地点状语,避免产生主语混乱;“许多好作品”译为Many wonderful works,在独立主格中作逻辑主语;“展览”译为show或exhibit,与逻辑主语works之间是被动关系(作品被展出),因此使用过去分词shown或exhibited;句首单词首字母需大写。故填Many wonderful works shown/exhibited。
(读后续写之情绪描写)
【28题答案】
【答案】her face red with extreme shame
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“羞愧得满脸通红”;此处为独立主格结构“名词 + 形容词 + 介词短语”作状语,用来补充说明主语“the little girl”的面部状态;“满脸通红”翻译为her face red,“羞愧得”with extreme shame。故填her face red with extreme shame。
(读后续写之动作描写)
【29题答案】
【答案】Blood rushing to his face and heart beating wildly
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“他涨红了脸,心脏怦怦直跳”;逗号后是完整主句he leapt to his feet and yelled ...,逗号前的部分与主句主语he不一致,因此构成独立主格结构,在句中作伴随状语,描述人物的状态;“涨红了脸”译为Blood rushing to his face,逻辑主语Blood与rush是主动关系,用现在分词rushing;“心脏怦怦直跳”译为heart beating wildly,逻辑主语heart与beat是主动关系,用现在分词beating;两部分用and连接,共同构成伴随状语;句首单词的首字母大写。故填Blood rushing to his face and heart beating wildly。
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
【30题答案】
【答案】Dinner over
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“吃完晚饭”;句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时;“吃完晚饭”在句中作时间状语,此处使用独立主格结构Dinner over,相当于After dinner was over,逻辑主语dinner与表语over构成主动关系,省略了be动词,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Dinner over。
(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
【31题答案】
【答案】An important examination to take
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构。I paced back and forth restlessly为主句,逗号前的空格处作状语,“名词 + to do”(不定式作后置定语)构成的独立结构,可单独置于句首作原因状语,“有一场重要的考试要参加”可译为An important examination to take,其中不定式to take用主动形式表被动含义,句首首字母大写。故填An important examination to take。
7 on/upon doing... On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. 一毕业,温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。
【32题答案】
【答案】arrival##arriving
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:事实上,他一到达就当场被几名警察抓住了。根据“on + 名词/动名词表示‘一……就……’”可知,此处应填arrive的名词形式arrival或动名词形式arriving。故填arrival/arriving。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【33题答案】
【答案】Upon/On learning that I was caught in difficulty
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“一得知我有困难”;句子陈述事实,时态用一般过去时;“一得知”常见表达为Upon/On learning,作时间状语,强调动作的即时性,句首单词首字母大写;learning后接宾语从句“我有困难”,译为that I was caught in difficulty。故填Upon/On learning that I was caught in difficulty。
【34题答案】
【答案】 ①. The instant/The moment/As soon as my head had been pulled out of the huge pumpkin ②. Hardly/Scarcely had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、固定短语、时态、语态及倒装句。根据英汉意思对比可知,应填“我的头一从大南瓜里被拔出来”。“从……被拔出来”用固定短语be pulled out of,且该动作发生在动作“sighed”之前,用过去完成时的被动语态,即had been pulled out of,“大南瓜”翻译为the huge pumpkin。①句可使用the instant/the moment/as soon as引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,位于句首首字母大写,翻译为my head had been pulled out of the huge pumpkin;②句可使用hardly/scarcely ... when ...结构,置于句首首字母大写且主句部分倒装,翻译为Hardly/Scarcely had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin。故填①The instant/The moment/As soon as my head had been pulled out of the huge pumpkin;②Hardly/Scarcely had my head been pulled out of the huge pumpkin。
用法点拨 1.表示“一……就……”的还有:the moment/the instant/the minute+从句,immediately/ instantly/directly/once+从句,hardly/scarcely... when...,no sooner... than...等。
2.在hardly/scarcely... when...和no sooner... than...中,主句常用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时。当hardly,scarcely,no sooner放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
【35~38题答案】
【答案】35. vt. (使)扩大,(使)扩展
36. vt. 伸出,伸开
37. vt. &vi. 延伸,延长
38. vt. 提供,给予
【解析】
【35题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:她无私地帮助我将公司的业务扩展到香港。句中extend为非谓语动词,其后有宾语my company’s services,因此是及物动词,此处表示“将公司业务拓展至香港”。故填:vt. (使)扩大,(使)扩展。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我向她伸出手,然后我们沿着那条向河边延伸的路漫步。句中extended为谓语动词,其后有宾语my hand,因此是及物动词,此处表示“向她伸手”。故填:vt. 伸出,伸开。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。句中extending为为非谓语动词,现在分词作后置定语,可作及物或不及物动词,此处表示“道路向河边延伸”。故填:vt. & vi. 延伸,延长。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:聊天时,我向她表达了诚挚的感谢。句中extended为谓语动词,其后有宾语my sincere thanks,因此是及物动词,此处表示“向她表达感谢”。故填:vt. 提供,给予。
【39~41题答案】
【答案】39. adj.首席的,最高级别的
40. adj.首要的,最重要的
41. n.首领,领袖
【解析】
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:首席工程师认为,他们的首要问题是弄清楚是什么导致了失败且技术公司的领导也同意了这位工程师的看法。由chief修饰名词engineer,在句中作定语可知,此处为形容词,修饰人或职位,表示“最高级别的/首席的”。故填:adj.首席的,最高级别的。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:同上。根据宾语“problem”可知,此处为形容词,意为“主要的、首要的”。故填:adj.首要的,最重要的。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:同上。根据“the”和语境可知,这里为名词,意为“负责人、首领”。故填:n.首领,领袖。
【42~45题答案】
【答案】42. vi. 主修
43. adj. 主要的,重要的
44. adj. (课程)主修的
45. n. 主修学生
【解析】
【42题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我主修城市规划,我的主修课程的主要内容侧重于解决许多城市的停车问题。根据“major in”固定搭配可知,此处是动词,词义为“主修”。故填:vi.主修。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:同上。根据单词后为名词“content”可知,此处是形容词,词义为“主要的,重要的”。故填:adj.主要的,重要的。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:同上。根据单词后为名词“subjects”可知,此处表示主修课程,是形容词,词义为“(课程)主修的”。故填:adj.(课程)主修的。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:作为一名城市规划专业的主修学生,我每天都很忙。根据冠词“a”后接名词可知,此处是名词,词义为“主修学生”。故填:n.主修学生。
Ⅱ. 单元知识应用
【46题答案】
【答案】generosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:正是因为他的慷慨,我才能够十分顺利地适应新环境。根据“because of his ...”可知,此处位于形容词性物主代词his后,需填名词形式,generous的名词是generosity,不可数名词,意为“慷慨”。故填generosity。
【47题答案】
【答案】With
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:在这位好心邻居的帮助下,我们最终解决了这个问题。根据句意可知,此处需要表达“在……的帮助下”的含义,可用固定搭配with the aid of ...,该短语在句中作方式状语,介词with符合语境,句首首字母大写。故填With。
【48题答案】
【答案】assistance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:我保证无论你何时遇到困难,他都会来帮助你。此处位于形容词性物主代词your后,需填名词形式,assist的名词是assistance,意思是“帮助,援助”,不可数名词,在句中作介词to的宾语。故填assistance。
【49题答案】
【答案】contributions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:在我看来,我的职责是为建设一个更强大的国家做出贡献。动词make后需接名词作宾语;所给词contribute为动词,意为“贡献;捐献”,其名词形式为contribution,固定搭配make contributions to ...中常用复数形式contributions。故填contributions。
【50题答案】
【答案】treatment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:坦白说,我不知道烧伤治疗的具体步骤,我太焦虑了,眼泪都涌了上来。定冠词the后需接名词作介词in的宾语;动词treat变形为名词形式treatment,表示“治疗;处理”,不可数名词,符合“烧伤的治疗”这一语境。故填treatment。
【51题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:除了蛇以外,鱼也是冷血动物,并且对水温十分敏感。 be sensitive to是固定搭配,意为“对……敏感”。故填to。
【52题答案】
【答案】telling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的英语老师告诉了我们有用的学习策略,我们的成绩有了很大提高。根据“Our English teacher ... us useful learning strategies, we have greatly improved our grades.”可知,后半句是完整句子,前半句为独立主格结构,主语Our English teacher与tell为主动关系,需填现在分词形式telling,在句中作状语。故填telling。
【53题答案】
【答案】shortage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:时间短缺导致了我的失败,这让我很恼火。根据“A ... of time”可知,此处需填名词形式,short的名词是shortage,意思是“短缺,不足”,位于不定冠词后用单数形式,在句中作主语。故填shortage。
【54题答案】
【答案】effective
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:让我失望的是他没有提出任何有效的措施。根据“any ... measures”可知,此处需要填入形容词作定语修饰名词measures,表示“有效的措施”。effect的形容词形式为effective,意为“有效的”。故填effective。
【55题答案】
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:令我大为宽慰的是,他不再找我的茬了。固定短语Much to my relief意为“令我大为宽慰的是”,my是形容词性的物主代词,其后接名词作介词to的宾语;relieve是动词,此处需变其名词形式relief,表抽象“宽慰”,不可数。故填relief。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——乐于助人
【56题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Dear Chris,
How are you? Learning that you are curious about “living Lei Feng”, I’m writing to inform you of something about it.
As is well-known to us all, Lei Feng is a role model for the Chinese people. On hearing that those around him were in trouble, he was always willing and ready to help them. A living Lei Feng is a person who inherits the spirit of Lei Feng and does what he used to do in the present society. My brother never hesitates to offer a hand to those in need, for which both his workmates and neighbors praise him. Many good deeds done by my brother, I determine to follow his example.
I hope that what I introduce to you may be of great help to you and that you can make even greater progress in learning Chinese. Should you have any questions concerning Chinese, I would willingly offer you some effective methods like a living Lei Feng.
Yours,
Li Jin
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris回复一封邮件,向其解释“活雷锋”的含义、介绍身边的“活雷锋”并鼓励其继续学习汉语。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……好奇:be curious about → be interested in
处于困境中:in trouble → in need/in difficulty
赞扬:praise → speak highly of
愿意地:willingly → readily
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:My brother never hesitates to offer a hand to those in need, for which both his workmates and neighbors praise him.
拓展句:My brother is always willing to help people who are in trouble, so he is highly praised by all his colleagues and neighbours.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A living Lei Feng is a person who inherits the spirit of Lei Feng and does what he used to do in the present society.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】I hope that what I introduce to you may be of great help to you and that you can make even greater progress in learning Chinese.(运用了that引导的并列宾语从句和what引导的主语从句)
【完成句子】
【57题答案】
【答案】On hearing that those around him were in trouble, he was always willing and ready to help them.
【解析】
【详解】考查on doing结构、宾语从句和固定短语。句子描述过去习惯性动作,用一般过去时;“一听到……”在句中作时间状语,用on doing that结构;其中主语“周围的人”译为those around him,谓语“处于困境”用固定搭配were in trouble;“总是愿意做某事”用be always willing and ready to do sth.;“帮助他们”译为to help them。故译为On hearing that those around him were in trouble, he was always willing and ready to help them.
【58题答案】
【答案】My brother never hesitates to offer a hand to those in need, for which both his workmates and neighbors praise him.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和固定短语。描述客观事实或常态行为,使用一般现在时;My brother作主语,谓语用单数,句首首字母大写;“毫不犹豫地做某事”译为never hesitates to do sth;“向需要帮助的人伸出援助之手”译为offer a hand to those in need;“他的工友和邻居”译为both his workmates and neighbors作从句主语,谓语用复数;“为此称赞他”译为praise him for this;结合题目要求,“介词 + 关系代词”结构在此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文“哥哥伸出援手这件事”,介词for与praise构成固定搭配praise sb for sth(因某事称赞某人),先行词为事,关系代词用which,故用for which引导从句。故翻译为My brother never hesitates to offer a hand to those in need, for which both his workmates and neighbors praise him.
【59题答案】
【答案】Many good deeds done by my brother, I determine to follow his example.
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构、固定短语和时态。句子描述现在的情况,用一般现在时。“我哥哥做了许多好事”使用独立主格结构,逻辑主语“许多好事”many good deeds与“做”do为被动关系,do应用其过去分词形式,翻译为Many good deeds done by my brother;“我决定以他为榜样”作主句,“决定做某事”用固定短语determine to do sth,“以……为榜样”用固定搭配follow one’s example,翻译为I determine to follow his example。故翻译为:Many good deeds done by my brother, I determine to follow his example.
【60题答案】
【答案】I hope that what I introduce to you may be of great help to you and that you can make even greater progress in learning Chinese.
【解析】
【详解】考查并列宾语从句、主语从句、固定短语和时态。此句表达的是“当下的希望”,用一般现在时;“我希望……”译为I hope that ...;“我给你介绍的东西”译为what I introduce to you,what引导主语从句,在从句中作introduce的宾语;“对你有很大的帮助”译为may be of great help to you;“你能在汉语学习上取得更大的进步”译为you can make even greater progress in learning Chinese;hope后接两个并列的宾语从句,需用and that连接第二个从句以保持结构完整。故翻译为I hope that what I introduce to you may be of great help to you and that you can make even greater progress in learning Chinese.
【61题答案】
【答案】Should you have any questions concerning Chinese, I would willingly offer you some effective methods like a living Lei Feng.
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气、倒装句和非谓语等。句子表达与现在事实相反的假设,用虚拟语气,且与将来事实相反,从句用should do,主句用would do;从句中:“如果”用if,引导时间状语从句;you作主语;should have作谓语;“任何问题”用any questions,作宾语;“有关汉语的”用concerning Chinese,修饰“问题”,现在分词作后置定语;“If you should have any questions concerning Chinese”在句中作条件状语,应用省略if的倒装结构,同时将should提前,即Should you have any questions concerning Chinese;主句中:I作主语;“很乐意提供”用would willingly offer,副词修饰动词,作谓语;offer sb. sth.表示“提供某人某物”,因此you作间接宾语;“一些有效的方法”用some effective methods,作直接宾语;“像‘活雷锋’一样”用like a living Lei Feng,介宾短语作状语。故翻译为Should you have any questions concerning Chinese, I would willingly offer you some effective methods like a living Lei Feng.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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语料运用 【乐于助人】
【62~68题答案】
【答案】62. rooted to the spot
63. her mouth hung/dropped/fell open in surprise
64. with a spark of surprise flashing across his face
65. Staring at her with wide eyes
66. Astonished and excited
67. broke into a smile
68. How generous my children are
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文,讲述了龙卷风来袭后,玛丽一家得知消息后,孩子们主动向受灾者捐赠物品,玛丽为此感动不已的暖心故事。
【62题详解】
考查形容词短语。本句已有谓语动词froze,空处用形容词短语作状语,应填形容词短语rooted to the spot,表示“一动不动;钉在原地”,rooted是形容词“固定不动的”,在句中作伴随状语,描述玛丽震惊时的状态。故填rooted to the spot。
【63题详解】
考查并列句和固定表达。“张大嘴巴”可表达为mouth hung/dropped/fell open,根据前半句donated可知,与前文构成并列结构,也需用过去式;“她张大嘴巴”可表达为her mouth hung/dropped/fell open;“惊讶地”用in surprise作状语。故填her mouth hung/dropped/fell open in surprise。
【64题详解】
考查with的复合结构。“with + 名词 + 现在分词”构成复合结构,在句中作伴随状语,“一丝惊讶”为a spark of surprise;本句已有谓语动词saw,“闪过”需用非谓语的现在分词flashing体现和Anne’s brother逻辑上的主动关系,“脸上”为across his face。故填with a spark of surprise flashing across his face。
【65题详解】
考查现在分词短语。本句已有并列谓语动词rose,went and ran, 需用现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语,“睁大眼睛盯着”表达为stare at her with wide eyes,句首单词首字母大写,句子逻辑主语是he,与stare为逻辑上主动关系,故用现在分词形式。故填Staring at her with wide eyes。
【66题详解】
考查形容词短语。“又惊又喜”表达为astonished and excited,句首单词首字母大写,形容词短语在句中作原因状语,修饰人,用于描述玛丽的情绪状态。故填Astonished and excited。
【67题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句子描述过去发生的动作,时态用一般过去时,“突然笑起来”为固定短语break into a smile,break的过去式为broke。故填broke into a smile。
【68题详解】
考查感叹句。根据下文可知,时态为一般现在时;感叹句结构为How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语,“慷慨的”为generous,主语为my children,谓语用are,句首单词首字母大写。故填How generous my children are。
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