Unit 6 Nurturing nature（单元分层自测·能力提升卷）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元自测 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·能力提升 （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名等信息填写清楚。 2．选择题选出最佳答案；非选择题按要求在答题区域作答。 3．本卷不含听力。 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Coastal Research Week: Team Briefs Seaborne Field Station invites students aged 16–18 to join one of four project teams from 5 to 9 August. All teams share a safety briefing on 3 August. Applicants rank two teams and submit one teacher reference by 20 July. Staff first remove applications that conflict with a team’s compulsory schedule; eligible applicants are then matched by skills and motivation rather than school marks alone. TIDE-POOL MAPPERS Work outdoors from 6:00 to 10:00 a.m., when the shore is exposed. You will mark sample points with a tablet and photograph the same pools each day. Confident walking on uneven rock is essential; mapping experience is useful but training is provided. SOUND-LAB ASSISTANTS Clean underwater audio files, label boat noise and compare time stamps with the tide record. Work takes place indoors from 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Strong attention to detail matters more than previous knowledge of marine animals. COMMUNITY INTERVIEWERS Ask fishers and visitors how access rules affect their routines, then turn the responses into an anonymous summary. Applicants must speak English clearly and attend Saturday’s market after the project week. REMOTE DATA DESIGNERS Create two clear charts from data supplied by the station. You may work from home, but a live check-in at 4:30 p.m. each day is compulsory because scientists will revise the questions as results arrive. Applicants should be comfortable using spreadsheet software. Your charts must distinguish observation from explanation. 1．Which team best suits a student who is precise but knows little about sea life? A．Tide-pool Mappers. B．Sound-lab Assistants. C．Community Interviewers. D．Remote Data Designers. 2．What extra commitment is required of Community Interviewers? A．Joining a daily online meeting. B．Providing their own mapping device. C．Working before sunrise throughout the week. D．Being free on a day beyond the project dates. 3．What principle is used at the first stage of selection? A．Academic results decide the ranking. B．Teacher references are scored before availability. C．A timetable conflict can make an application ineligible. D．Students who apply earlier receive their first choice. B When an Empty Camera Still Counts as Evidence For three months, camera 17 photographed nothing. It faced a new wildlife underpass beneath a mountain highway, and project engineer Leila Morgan began every Monday by opening an empty folder. The crossing had been placed where movement models predicted elk and bears would travel. Yet snow beside the entrance held prints that turned away before reaching the tunnel. Some colleagues suggested moving the camera—or even questioning the site. Ecologist Marco Ruiz urged patience. Large structures do not become part of an animal’s route simply because engineers declare them open. Wary species may need seasons to explore unfamiliar ground. An absence of photographs, he argued, was not proof that the structure was useless; it was a question about what animals encountered before they entered it. The team widened its view. Track surveys showed that animals reached the fence but often followed it towards a drainage channel. Night recordings also revealed sudden vehicle noise near one entrance. Instead of relocating the costly underpass, workers extended a short section of fencing, removed stored machinery and reshaped a steep bank so the approach felt continuous with the forest floor. Camera 17 then captured a fox, followed weeks later by deer. Bears took much longer. The order mattered because it warned the team not to judge every species by the fastest learner. Monitoring continued, and data from different crossings were compared with vegetation, width, traffic and human presence. The original map had not failed; it had become a hypothesis that field evidence could refine. Years later, Leila described the crossing as a system rather than a concrete object. Fencing kept animals away from traffic, the passage restored a route, and monitoring exposed weak links between the two. Success was therefore not the day the underpass opened. It was the continuing ability to notice where movement stopped—and to revise the design without mistaking delay for defeat. 4．Why did Marco oppose judging the underpass after three months? A．The camera had been installed in the wrong season. B．Some animals may adapt to a new route only gradually. C．Movement models cannot predict where animals travel. D．Vehicle noise prevents every species from using tunnels. 5．What did the wider investigation reveal? A．Animals preferred the highway to the forest floor. B．The underpass itself was too narrow for large animals. C．Conditions leading to the entrance were limiting its use. D．The camera was recording movement in the drainage channel. 6．What does the author mean by saying the map became “a hypothesis”? A．Its prediction became a claim to be tested and improved. B．Its locations were hidden to protect the animals. C．Its data were replaced by the first camera image. D．Its purpose changed from research to public education. 7．Which statement best captures Leila’s final understanding? A．A crossing succeeds once the construction schedule is met. B．Wildlife projects should favour species that respond quickly. C．Monitoring matters mainly when a structure must be moved. D．Ecological engineering requires connected measures and revision. C Why a Seed Bank Sometimes Says “Not Yet” After a storm stripped vegetation from a small island dune, a local group offered to send every remaining seed of a rare coastal plant to a national seed bank. The proposal sounded generous: if the seeds were safe underground, the species would be safe too. To the group’s surprise, curator Amara Bell replied, “Not yet.” A seed collection is not simply a jar filled before nature runs out. Removing too much from one weak population can reduce its chance of recovering where it already grows. A useful collection must also record when and where seeds were gathered, the condition of the parent plants and the range of habitats represented. Without that information, future researchers may own seeds but not know what questions the collection can answer. Amara proposed a slower plan. Volunteers first mapped surviving plants and protected the dune from trampling. When several populations produced enough seed, trained collectors sampled modest amounts across different parts of the island. The variation mattered. Seeds from a windy headland might respond differently from those beside a sheltered path, and restoration decades later could depend on preserving such differences. Back at the bank, staff dried, cleaned and tested part of each sample before cold storage. Some seeds were later germinated, not because storage had failed, but because a living collection must periodically demonstrate that it can still become a plant. Duplicate samples were held with an island partner, while the records remained linked to local knowledge about rainfall and land use. The project changed how the volunteers understood security. A vault protects material from fire, flood and sudden loss, but it cannot replace habitat or permission from the people who care for it. Amara called every well-documented sample “a return ticket”: valuable only if knowledge, partnership and viable seed could one day travel back together. The bank’s refusal had not delayed conservation. It had prevented urgency from becoming another form of damage. 8．Why did Amara initially reject the group’s offer? A．The bank accepted seeds only from mainland habitats. B．A complete harvest could harm the population and lack context. C．Storm-damaged plants could never produce living seeds. D．Local volunteers were not permitted to map rare plants. 9．What was the purpose of sampling several island populations? A．To make each storage jar contain the same number of seeds. B．To compare the volunteers’ speed in different locations. C．To preserve variation that future restoration might need. D．To decide which habitat should lose all public access. 10．Why were some stored seeds later germinated? A．To check that the collection remained capable of producing plants. B．To replace all wild plants with laboratory-grown ones. C．To prove that cold storage was unnecessary. D．To prevent the island partner from holding duplicates. 11．What does the metaphor “a return ticket” emphasize? A．Visitors should pay before entering a seed bank. B．Collectors must send unused equipment back to the island. C．Stored seeds are valuable mainly as museum exhibits. D．Conservation should keep open a responsible path back to habitat. D The Indicator Is Not the Goal Managers of North Hollow Reserve once treated a full car park as their main warning signal. When more than 120 vehicles arrived, extra cars were turned away. The rule was visible, easy to enforce and reassuringly numerical. Yet a survey found that a rare orchid beside a quiet trail was declining on several days when the car park was only half full. The contradiction exposed a common mistake: confusing an indicator with the condition it is meant to represent. Vehicle numbers described one part of visitor use, but they did not show where people went or what they did. On low-attendance mornings, small photography groups left the trail and gathered around the orchids. Their concentrated behaviour created more pressure than a larger crowd using the durable lakeside path. The reserve began by stating its actual goal: orchid stems should remain unbroken, surrounding soil should stay covered, and visitors should still have a meaningful chance to learn about the plants. Managers then monitored two closer indicators—the width of bare soil beside the trail and the number of off-trail entries. A trigger was agreed in advance. If either measure crossed its threshold twice in a week, staff would change the visiting pattern before damage became difficult to reverse. The response was not an automatic closure. During flowering, the reserve moved the photography stop to a raised platform, scheduled small guided sessions and used images from a fixed camera for close-up interpretation. The car-park limit remained useful on busy holidays, but it was no longer asked to answer every ecological question. Good indicators are therefore more like a dashboard than a verdict. They direct attention, reveal trends and signal when a planned response should begin. They must also be reviewed: if visitors change routes or weather alters the soil, yesterday’s measure may lose its connection to the desired condition. Numbers strengthen judgement when managers remember what the numbers stand for. They weaken it when an easy count becomes a substitute for looking at the landscape itself. 12．What problem did the orchid survey reveal? A．The car park was too small for holiday visitors. B．The lakeside path caused the greatest plant damage. C．Vehicle totals were a weak guide to pressure on one site. D．Photography groups ignored every reserve regulation. 13．Why did managers define the desired condition before choosing new indicators? A．So the measurements would be tied to the result they wanted to protect. B．So visitors could vote on which orchid species should survive. C．So the reserve could remove numerical thresholds altogether. D．So staff could guarantee that weather would not affect the soil. 14．What can be inferred about the reserve’s management approach? A．It values a permanent rule more than changing evidence. B．It adjusts timing, location and behaviour before using total closure. C．It considers public learning incompatible with plant protection. D．It relies on photographers to enforce off-trail restrictions. 15．Which title best expresses the author’s argument? A．Why Every Reserve Needs a Larger Car Park B．The Case for Closing Nature to Photographers C．How Simple Numbers Remove Difficult Choices D．Measure What the Landscape Actually Experiences 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Environmental claims often arrive in attractive forms: a before-and-after photograph, a rising wildlife count or a label promising that a project is ‘nature positive’. Such evidence may be useful, but responsible readers ask what reasoning connects it to the conclusion. ____16 ____ A claim that a river is ‘healthier’, for example, means little until health is translated into measures such as oxygen levels, insect diversity or bank stability. Next, look for a baseline. A report may celebrate 200 returning birds, but was the earlier number 20 or 190? Was the earlier survey made in the same season and with the same method? ____17 ____ Without a fair starting point, change may reflect measurement rather than nature. Then consider other explanations. A wetland restoration may coincide with more frogs, yet an unusually rainy year could also increase breeding pools. ____18 ____ The strongest studies compare sites, years or treatments so that one explanation can be tested against another. Match the scale of the evidence to the scale of the claim. Three successful nest boxes can show that a design is usable; they cannot prove that a regional population has recovered. ____19 ____ Good conclusions stay within the boundaries of the data while explaining why the result still matters. Finally, ask what evidence would change the conclusion. This does not weaken an argument. It makes the argument testable and guides future monitoring. That standard also discourages selective reporting after the fact. ____20 ____ A careful environmental claim is therefore not a slogan carved in stone, but a position that can become more precise as the landscape provides new information. A．A local result should not be stretched into a much broader promise. B．The comparison is meaningful only when the two measurements are genuinely comparable. C．Beautiful photographs are always less reliable than numerical tables. D．Stating a revision rule shows which future observations would count against the claim. E．Environmental projects should avoid reporting results until every uncertainty disappears. F．Begin by defining the key term in a way that can be observed or measured. G．Ask whether the reported cause is the only plausible reason for the observed change. 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After an autumn storm, the Bluehaven Eco Club was invited to ____21．____ a damaged dune beside the town beach. Club leader Hana wanted to make the coast look normal again ____22．____. She proposed clearing away driftwood and smoothing every pile of sand before the weekend. Coastal officer Mr Ives asked the students to pause. Driftwood that looked untidy might be ____23．____ because it slowed wind and created shelter for young plants. Before moving anything, the club needed ____24．____. Students compared old photographs, recorded wind direction and marked which clumps of grass had ____25．____ the storm. The map showed that the strongest plants stood behind scattered wood. ____26．____ of cleaning the whole beach, the club built two small trials. In one area they placed a ____27．____ fence made of reed stakes and rope. In another they left the storm material untouched. After a week, a low ridge of sand had been ____28．____ behind the fence, but one end also pushed sand across a ____29．____ access path. Hana photographed both effects. The evidence ____30．____ the town officer to let the club move the fence line rather than remove it. At the open day, however, the students found several new shoots ____31．____ by visitors who had stepped through an unmarked gap. Hana felt ____32．____; their careful experiment seemed to have created a new problem. Mr Ives pointed to the footprints. They had ____33．____ exactly where an explanation was needed. The club added a simple board showing how roots held sand and directed walkers to a firmer entrance. Their plan was not finished; it was still ____34．____. Hana learned that nurturing a coast requires ____35．____ before each decision. 21．A．display B．restore C．measure D．advertise 22．A．quickly B．privately C．rarely D．formally 23．A．ordinary B．distant C．silent D．valuable 24．A．luck B．permission C．evidence D．tradition 25．A．returned B．survived C．escaped D．floated 26．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 27．A．temporary B．splendid C．private D．narrow 28．A．noticed B．covered C．trapped D．carried 29．A．formal B．muddy C．secret D．narrow 30．A．warned B．persuaded C．forced D．allowed 31．A．measured B．protected C．damaged D．entered 32．A．discouraged B．curious C．grateful D．confident 33．A．forgotten B．revealed C．hidden D．limited 34．A．ending B．failing C．winning D．adapting 35．A．wealth B．silence C．patience D．distance 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the beginning of May, students in Brookside ___36___ (record) bat activity along a canal after dark. The survey, ___37___ is supported by a local wildlife group, compares a brightly lit bridge with a quieter section upstream. Volunteers stand still, speak ___38___ (soft) and use small detectors ___39___ (compare) the number of calls heard at each point. To keep the comparison fair, they visit both sites at the same hour and note temperature, rain and passing boats. These details help researchers distinguish a lighting effect from changes caused by weather or temporary traffic. So far, the project ___40___ (show) fewer calls beside the brightest lamps. A shield ___41___ (design) to direct light towards the path was fitted to two lamps in June. Since then, bats ___42___ (use) the nearby trees more often, while walkers can still see the ground clearly. The council is now considering ___43___ second trial on another bridge. Students will also measure insect ___44___ (active), because insects are an important food source for bats. The aim is not to make every place completely dark, but to understand ___45___ light can be directed while meeting safety and wildlife needs. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是校自然科学社负责人李华。学校将与城市湿地公园合作招聘三名“生物多样性数据助理”。请你用英语写一则招聘启事，内容包括： 1．工作时间：11月9日全天； 2．主要任务：整理传感器文件、标注动物照片； 3．应聘条件及报名方式。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Biodiversity Data Assistants Wanted ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mia had expected the coastal survey to be mostly counting. Her class was spending Saturday at Greyfin Dunes, where volunteers had planted lines of beach grass after winter storms. Each pair received a tablet, a map and one simple task: record how many marked shoots were still upright without stepping inside the roped restoration plots. Mia worked with Daniel, who liked numbers but avoided strangers. By noon they had checked four plots from the boardwalk. At Plot Five, a rope had come loose, leaving a gap wide enough to walk through. Beyond it, a narrow track crossed the pale sand towards the sea. A family with a stroller was already using the track. The father explained that the boardwalk curved too far around and that the gap looked like an entrance. He carefully avoided the largest plants, but the stroller wheels pressed over dozens of tiny shoots that were almost invisible against the sand. Mia wanted to shout. Instead, she remembered the survey leader’s warning: volunteers could explain the project, but only staff should repair official barriers. Daniel checked their tablet. Last month’s photograph showed the rope fixed in place and 118 living shoots inside the first square. Their new count from the boardwalk was 91. They could not prove that every missing shoot had been crushed by walkers; wind and dry weather also mattered. Still, the wheel marks showed an immediate risk. Then a tour bus stopped near the car park. A group began moving towards the boardwalk, several people carrying beach chairs. The family had paused beside the gap, unsure whether to continue. The nearest ranger was inspecting another site almost a kilometre away, and Mia’s message showed only one grey tick. Daniel looked from the approaching group to the chart on the screen. ‘We have evidence,’ he said quietly, ‘but we also need a way to explain it without pretending we know more than we do.’ Mia nodded. They had been trained to record a problem. Now they had to prevent it from growing. 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mia stepped beside the gap and opened the monitoring chart on her tablet. ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ By sunset, Ranger Sol returned with a coil of rope and a small request._______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共12页） 试题 第4页（共12页） 试题 第1页（共12页） 试题 第2页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元自测 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·能力提升·参考答案 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 1—5：B　D　C　B　C 6—10：A　D　B　C　A 11—15：D　C　A　B　D 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 16—20：F　B　G　A　D 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 21—25：B　A　D　C　B 26—30：D　A　C　D　B 31—35：C　A　B　D　C 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 36—40：have been recording；which；softly；to compare；has shown 41—45：designed；have been using；a；activity；how 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） Biodiversity Data Assistants Wanted Our Nature Science Club is looking for three students to support a wetland survey on 9 November. Working with park researchers, the assistants will organise files from sound sensors and label animals shown in camera images. Applicants should be patient, accurate and confident with basic computer work. No previous field experience is required, but everyone must attend a short online training session. If you are interested, complete the form on the school website and write about one relevant skill. Applications close at 5 p.m. on 1 November. 第二节（满分25分） Mia stepped beside the gap and opened the monitoring chart on her tablet. She showed the family the earlier photograph and explained how the small shoots held loose sand. Wind might explain part of the lower count, she admitted, but the fresh wheel marks created an immediate risk. The father apologised and guided the stroller back to the boardwalk. When the tour group arrived, Daniel repeated the explanation. Mia kept their bright survey bag beside the gap and, without entering the plot, directed everyone towards the legal path. By sunset, Ranger Sol returned with a coil of rope and a small request. She photographed the marks, repaired the barrier and found that wind had loosened the post. Thanking the students for neither entering the plot nor overstating the data, she asked them to redesign the sign. Their version showed a grass shoot above its spreading roots and explained the curved boardwalk. Daniel added a QR code linking to the monthly counts. Mia realised that carefully explained evidence could change a visitor’s choice before damage occurred. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元自测 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·能力提升·全解全析 学校：___________　班级：___________　姓名：___________　分数：___________ （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名等信息填写清楚。 2．选择题选出最佳答案；非选择题按要求在答题区域作答。 3．本卷不含听力。 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Coastal Research Week: Team Briefs Seaborne Field Station invites students aged 16–18 to join one of four project teams from 5 to 9 August. All teams share a safety briefing on 3 August. Applicants rank two teams and submit one teacher reference by 20 July. Staff first remove applications that conflict with a team’s compulsory schedule; eligible applicants are then matched by skills and motivation rather than school marks alone. TIDE-POOL MAPPERS Work outdoors from 6:00 to 10:00 a.m., when the shore is exposed. You will mark sample points with a tablet and photograph the same pools each day. Confident walking on uneven rock is essential; mapping experience is useful but training is provided. SOUND-LAB ASSISTANTS Clean underwater audio files, label boat noise and compare time stamps with the tide record. Work takes place indoors from 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Strong attention to detail matters more than previous knowledge of marine animals. COMMUNITY INTERVIEWERS Ask fishers and visitors how access rules affect their routines, then turn the responses into an anonymous summary. Applicants must speak English clearly and attend Saturday’s market after the project week. REMOTE DATA DESIGNERS Create two clear charts from data supplied by the station. You may work from home, but a live check-in at 4:30 p.m. each day is compulsory because scientists will revise the questions as results arrive. Applicants should be comfortable using spreadsheet software. Your charts must distinguish observation from explanation. 1．Which team best suits a student who is precise but knows little about sea life? A．Tide-pool Mappers. B．Sound-lab Assistants. C．Community Interviewers. D．Remote Data Designers. 2．What extra commitment is required of Community Interviewers? A．Joining a daily online meeting. B．Providing their own mapping device. C．Working before sunrise throughout the week. D．Being free on a day beyond the project dates. 3．What principle is used at the first stage of selection? A．Academic results decide the ranking. B．Teacher references are scored before availability. C．A timetable conflict can make an application ineligible. D．Students who apply earlier receive their first choice. 【语篇导读】本文是一则海岸研究周岗位简章，考查限制条件、任务匹配与录取规则。 1．B　【解析】Sound-lab Assistants明确说细致比海洋动物知识更重要，故选B。A强调岩面行走；C强调口语；D强调电子表格。 2．D　【解析】Saturday market在项目周之外，申请者还需为这一天留出时间，故选D。A属于远程组；B、C均不符合。 3．C　【解析】工作人员先剔除与强制时间冲突的申请，说明时间冲突会使申请失去资格，故选C。A、B、D均与总说明不符。 【教师点拨】应用文难题常把条件分成“资格门槛”和“择优依据”，先辨先后顺序再匹配人物。 B When an Empty Camera Still Counts as Evidence For three months, camera 17 photographed nothing. It faced a new wildlife underpass beneath a mountain highway, and project engineer Leila Morgan began every Monday by opening an empty folder. The crossing had been placed where movement models predicted elk and bears would travel. Yet snow beside the entrance held prints that turned away before reaching the tunnel. Some colleagues suggested moving the camera—or even questioning the site. Ecologist Marco Ruiz urged patience. Large structures do not become part of an animal’s route simply because engineers declare them open. Wary species may need seasons to explore unfamiliar ground. An absence of photographs, he argued, was not proof that the structure was useless; it was a question about what animals encountered before they entered it. The team widened its view. Track surveys showed that animals reached the fence but often followed it towards a drainage channel. Night recordings also revealed sudden vehicle noise near one entrance. Instead of relocating the costly underpass, workers extended a short section of fencing, removed stored machinery and reshaped a steep bank so the approach felt continuous with the forest floor. Camera 17 then captured a fox, followed weeks later by deer. Bears took much longer. The order mattered because it warned the team not to judge every species by the fastest learner. Monitoring continued, and data from different crossings were compared with vegetation, width, traffic and human presence. The original map had not failed; it had become a hypothesis that field evidence could refine. Years later, Leila described the crossing as a system rather than a concrete object. Fencing kept animals away from traffic, the passage restored a route, and monitoring exposed weak links between the two. Success was therefore not the day the underpass opened. It was the continuing ability to notice where movement stopped—and to revise the design without mistaking delay for defeat. 4．Why did Marco oppose judging the underpass after three months? A．The camera had been installed in the wrong season. B．Some animals may adapt to a new route only gradually. C．Movement models cannot predict where animals travel. D．Vehicle noise prevents every species from using tunnels. 5．What did the wider investigation reveal? A．Animals preferred the highway to the forest floor. B．The underpass itself was too narrow for large animals. C．Conditions leading to the entrance were limiting its use. D．The camera was recording movement in the drainage channel. 6．What does the author mean by saying the map became “a hypothesis”? A．Its prediction became a claim to be tested and improved. B．Its locations were hidden to protect the animals. C．Its data were replaced by the first camera image. D．Its purpose changed from research to public education. 7．Which statement best captures Leila’s final understanding? A．A crossing succeeds once the construction schedule is met. B．Wildlife projects should favour species that respond quickly. C．Monitoring matters mainly when a structure must be moved. D．Ecological engineering requires connected measures and revision. 【语篇导读】本文讲述野生动物通道监测团队如何解读早期“零记录”，并据此优化公路生态系统。 4．B　【解析】第二段指出谨慎物种需要多个季节探索陌生环境，早期无照片不能证明无效，故选B。A、C、D均绝对化或无依据。 5．C　【解析】脚印、围栏走向、噪声和陡坡说明问题出在通道入口前的连续性与干扰，故选C。其余选项均不符合调查结果。 6．A　【解析】地图预测并未被当作终点，而要由现场证据检验、修正，故hypothesis指“可验证并完善的假设”，选A。 7．D　【解析】末段把围栏、通道和持续监测视为相互连接、可修订的系统，故选D。A、B、C都缩窄或曲解主旨。 【教师点拨】人物认识变化题要追踪“零记录—扩大证据范围—局部调整—系统观”的因果链。 C Why a Seed Bank Sometimes Says “Not Yet” After a storm stripped vegetation from a small island dune, a local group offered to send every remaining seed of a rare coastal plant to a national seed bank. The proposal sounded generous: if the seeds were safe underground, the species would be safe too. To the group’s surprise, curator Amara Bell replied, “Not yet.” A seed collection is not simply a jar filled before nature runs out. Removing too much from one weak population can reduce its chance of recovering where it already grows. A useful collection must also record when and where seeds were gathered, the condition of the parent plants and the range of habitats represented. Without that information, future researchers may own seeds but not know what questions the collection can answer. Amara proposed a slower plan. Volunteers first mapped surviving plants and protected the dune from trampling. When several populations produced enough seed, trained collectors sampled modest amounts across different parts of the island. The variation mattered. Seeds from a windy headland might respond differently from those beside a sheltered path, and restoration decades later could depend on preserving such differences. Back at the bank, staff dried, cleaned and tested part of each sample before cold storage. Some seeds were later germinated, not because storage had failed, but because a living collection must periodically demonstrate that it can still become a plant. Duplicate samples were held with an island partner, while the records remained linked to local knowledge about rainfall and land use. The project changed how the volunteers understood security. A vault protects material from fire, flood and sudden loss, but it cannot replace habitat or permission from the people who care for it. Amara called every well-documented sample “a return ticket”: valuable only if knowledge, partnership and viable seed could one day travel back together. The bank’s refusal had not delayed conservation. It had prevented urgency from becoming another form of damage. 8．Why did Amara initially reject the group’s offer? A．The bank accepted seeds only from mainland habitats. B．A complete harvest could harm the population and lack context. C．Storm-damaged plants could never produce living seeds. D．Local volunteers were not permitted to map rare plants. 9．What was the purpose of sampling several island populations? A．To make each storage jar contain the same number of seeds. B．To compare the volunteers’ speed in different locations. C．To preserve variation that future restoration might need. D．To decide which habitat should lose all public access. 10．Why were some stored seeds later germinated? A．To check that the collection remained capable of producing plants. B．To replace all wild plants with laboratory-grown ones. C．To prove that cold storage was unnecessary. D．To prevent the island partner from holding duplicates. 11．What does the metaphor “a return ticket” emphasize? A．Visitors should pay before entering a seed bank. B．Collectors must send unused equipment back to the island. C．Stored seeds are valuable mainly as museum exhibits. D．Conservation should keep open a responsible path back to habitat. 【语篇导读】本文说明种子库为何拒绝一次仓促采集，并把“保存”重新定义为可用于未来恢复的长期合作。 8．B　【解析】第二段说明大量取走弱小种群的种子会妨碍原地恢复，且缺少采集背景会降低研究价值，故选B。 9．C　【解析】第三段以迎风地与避风地为例，强调保存种群差异可能服务未来恢复，故选C。其余选项均未体现采样目的。 10．A　【解析】第四段说明萌发测试用于证明种子仍有活力，故选A。B、C、D都与长期保存和合作目的相反。 11．D　【解析】“返程票”强调种子、知识与伙伴关系未来能共同回到栖息地并用于恢复，故选D。A、B是字面误读；C与文意相反。 【教师点拨】说明文隐喻题需结合前文操作链解释功能，不按词面意义作答。 D The Indicator Is Not the Goal Managers of North Hollow Reserve once treated a full car park as their main warning signal. When more than 120 vehicles arrived, extra cars were turned away. The rule was visible, easy to enforce and reassuringly numerical. Yet a survey found that a rare orchid beside a quiet trail was declining on several days when the car park was only half full. The contradiction exposed a common mistake: confusing an indicator with the condition it is meant to represent. Vehicle numbers described one part of visitor use, but they did not show where people went or what they did. On low-attendance mornings, small photography groups left the trail and gathered around the orchids. Their concentrated behaviour created more pressure than a larger crowd using the durable lakeside path. The reserve began by stating its actual goal: orchid stems should remain unbroken, surrounding soil should stay covered, and visitors should still have a meaningful chance to learn about the plants. Managers then monitored two closer indicators—the width of bare soil beside the trail and the number of off-trail entries. A trigger was agreed in advance. If either measure crossed its threshold twice in a week, staff would change the visiting pattern before damage became difficult to reverse. The response was not an automatic closure. During flowering, the reserve moved the photography stop to a raised platform, scheduled small guided sessions and used images from a fixed camera for close-up interpretation. The car-park limit remained useful on busy holidays, but it was no longer asked to answer every ecological question. Good indicators are therefore more like a dashboard than a verdict. They direct attention, reveal trends and signal when a planned response should begin. They must also be reviewed: if visitors change routes or weather alters the soil, yesterday’s measure may lose its connection to the desired condition. Numbers strengthen judgement when managers remember what the numbers stand for. They weaken it when an easy count becomes a substitute for looking at the landscape itself. 12．What problem did the orchid survey reveal? A．The car park was too small for holiday visitors. B．The lakeside path caused the greatest plant damage. C．Vehicle totals were a weak guide to pressure on one site. D．Photography groups ignored every reserve regulation. 13．Why did managers define the desired condition before choosing new indicators? A．So the measurements would be tied to the result they wanted to protect. B．So visitors could vote on which orchid species should survive. C．So the reserve could remove numerical thresholds altogether. D．So staff could guarantee that weather would not affect the soil. 14．What can be inferred about the reserve’s management approach? A．It values a permanent rule more than changing evidence. B．It adjusts timing, location and behaviour before using total closure. C．It considers public learning incompatible with plant protection. D．It relies on photographers to enforce off-trail restrictions. 15．Which title best expresses the author’s argument? A．Why Every Reserve Needs a Larger Car Park B．The Case for Closing Nature to Photographers C．How Simple Numbers Remove Difficult Choices D．Measure What the Landscape Actually Experiences 【语篇导读】本文论证生态旅游管理不能迷信单一人数指标，而应从目标状态出发持续校准证据和行动。 12．C　【解析】兰花在停车量不高的日子仍受损，说明车辆总数不能准确代表特定地点压力，故选C。A、B、D均扩大或歪曲。 13．A　【解析】先明确茎不折、土壤覆盖和学习体验，才能选择能反映这些目标的指标，故选A。其余选项均无依据。 14．B　【解析】管理者采用平台、预约小组和固定相机讲解，先调整时间、空间和行为，而非直接关闭，故选B。 15．D　【解析】全文主张指标必须与生态目标和真实压力相连，D最全面。A、B偏离作者方案；C与结论相反。 【教师点拨】议论文主旨要区分“作者反对某个数字”与“作者反对数字脱离目标”，避免选择过度否定量化的选项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Environmental claims often arrive in attractive forms: a before-and-after photograph, a rising wildlife count or a label promising that a project is ‘nature positive’. Such evidence may be useful, but responsible readers ask what reasoning connects it to the conclusion. ____16 ____ A claim that a river is ‘healthier’, for example, means little until health is translated into measures such as oxygen levels, insect diversity or bank stability. Next, look for a baseline. A report may celebrate 200 returning birds, but was the earlier number 20 or 190? Was the earlier survey made in the same season and with the same method? ____17 ____ Without a fair starting point, change may reflect measurement rather than nature. Then consider other explanations. A wetland restoration may coincide with more frogs, yet an unusually rainy year could also increase breeding pools. ____18 ____ The strongest studies compare sites, years or treatments so that one explanation can be tested against another. Match the scale of the evidence to the scale of the claim. Three successful nest boxes can show that a design is usable; they cannot prove that a regional population has recovered. ____19 ____ Good conclusions stay within the boundaries of the data while explaining why the result still matters. Finally, ask what evidence would change the conclusion. This does not weaken an argument. It makes the argument testable and guides future monitoring. That standard also discourages selective reporting after the fact. ____20 ____ A careful environmental claim is therefore not a slogan carved in stone, but a position that can become more precise as the landscape provides new information. A．A local result should not be stretched into a much broader promise. B．The comparison is meaningful only when the two measurements are genuinely comparable. C．Beautiful photographs are always less reliable than numerical tables. D．Stating a revision rule shows which future observations would count against the claim. E．Environmental projects should avoid reporting results until every uncertainty disappears. F．Begin by defining the key term in a way that can be observed or measured. G．Ask whether the reported cause is the only plausible reason for the observed change. 【语篇导读】本文介绍评估生态主张的五步方法，强调定义、基线、替代解释、证据匹配与可修订结论。 16．F　【解析】后句以river healthier为例把抽象概念转化为可测指标，F中的defining the key term统领该例，故选F。 17．B　【解析】前文比较季节和方法是否一致，B概括只有测量可比，基线才有意义，故选B。 18．G　【解析】前文提出降雨这一替代解释，G要求判断报告原因是否唯一，后句再说明如何比较检验，故选G。 19．A　【解析】前文说三个巢箱不能证明区域种群恢复，A概括不能把局部结果扩成宏大承诺，故选A。 20．D　【解析】本段讨论什么证据会改变结论，D中的revision rule和count against the claim直接照应，故选D。 【教师点拨】七选五先判断段首步骤，再用关键词复现和例证—概括关系锁定选项。 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After an autumn storm, the Bluehaven Eco Club was invited to ____21．____ a damaged dune beside the town beach. Club leader Hana wanted to make the coast look normal again ____22．____. She proposed clearing away driftwood and smoothing every pile of sand before the weekend. Coastal officer Mr Ives asked the students to pause. Driftwood that looked untidy might be ____23．____ because it slowed wind and created shelter for young plants. Before moving anything, the club needed ____24．____. Students compared old photographs, recorded wind direction and marked which clumps of grass had ____25．____ the storm. The map showed that the strongest plants stood behind scattered wood. ____26．____ of cleaning the whole beach, the club built two small trials. In one area they placed a ____27．____ fence made of reed stakes and rope. In another they left the storm material untouched. After a week, a low ridge of sand had been ____28．____ behind the fence, but one end also pushed sand across a ____29．____ access path. Hana photographed both effects. The evidence ____30．____ the town officer to let the club move the fence line rather than remove it. At the open day, however, the students found several new shoots ____31．____ by visitors who had stepped through an unmarked gap. Hana felt ____32．____; their careful experiment seemed to have created a new problem. Mr Ives pointed to the footprints. They had ____33．____ exactly where an explanation was needed. The club added a simple board showing how roots held sand and directed walkers to a firmer entrance. Their plan was not finished; it was still ____34．____. Hana learned that nurturing a coast requires ____35．____ before each decision. 21．A．display B．restore C．measure D．advertise 22．A．quickly B．privately C．rarely D．formally 23．A．ordinary B．distant C．silent D．valuable 24．A．luck B．permission C．evidence D．tradition 25．A．returned B．survived C．escaped D．floated 26．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 27．A．temporary B．splendid C．private D．narrow 28．A．noticed B．covered C．trapped D．carried 29．A．formal B．muddy C．secret D．narrow 30．A．warned B．persuaded C．forced D．allowed 31．A．measured B．protected C．damaged D．entered 32．A．discouraged B．curious C．grateful D．confident 33．A．forgotten B．revealed C．hidden D．limited 34．A．ending B．failing C．winning D．adapting 35．A．wealth B．silence C．patience D．distance 【语篇导读】本文讲述学生修复海岸沙丘时，从追求迅速整洁转向用证据开展小规模试验和持续调整。 21．B　【解析】社团受邀帮助恢复受风暴侵蚀的沙丘，restore符合项目目的。 22．A　【解析】学生急于迅速让海滩恢复整洁，quickly与immediately清理的想法一致。 23．D　【解析】漂流木能阻挡风沙并形成微生境，因此可能在生态上有价值，valuable合适。 24．C　【解析】后文的旧照片、风向和植物图构成决策证据，故选evidence。 25．B　【解析】标记风暴后仍存活的草丛，survived符合调查目的。 26．D　【解析】没有全面清理，而是改为试验，Instead表示替代。 27．A　【解析】芦苇桩和绳索构成可调整的临时围栏，temporary与后文move the line照应。 28．C　【解析】围栏背后积起小沙脊，说明它截留了风沙，trapped准确。 29．D　【解析】另一处围栏让沙堆在狭窄通道上，narrow与后文形成穿越问题一致。 30．B　【解析】照片和数据说服市政负责人批准移动围线，persuaded最合逻辑。 31．C　【解析】开放日看到被踩坏的新芽，damaged与trampled相符。 32．A　【解析】试验出现损害后，Hana一度气馁，discouraged符合情绪。 33．B　【解析】脚印显示信息牌需要放在哪里，revealed与where从句搭配。 34．D　【解析】方案根据反馈继续调整，adapting概括项目状态。 35．C　【解析】全文强调慢观察、试验和修订，patience before each decision概括主题。 【教师点拨】完形先恢复“暂停判断—采集证据—小范围试验—发现副作用—再调整”的事件链，再核对搭配。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the beginning of May, students in Brookside ____36 ____ (record) bat activity along a canal after dark. The survey, ____37 ____ is supported by a local wildlife group, compares a brightly lit bridge with a quieter section upstream. Volunteers stand still, speak ____38 ____ (soft) and use small detectors ____39 ____ (compare) the number of calls heard at each point. To keep the comparison fair, they visit both sites at the same hour and note temperature, rain and passing boats. These details help researchers distinguish a lighting effect from changes caused by weather or temporary traffic. So far, the project ____40 ____ (show) fewer calls beside the brightest lamps. A shield ____41 ____ (design) to direct light towards the path was fitted to two lamps in June. Since then, bats ____42 ____ (use) the nearby trees more often, while walkers can still see the ground clearly. The council is now considering ____43 ____ second trial on another bridge. Students will also measure insect ____44 ____ (active), because insects are an important food source for bats. The aim is not to make every place completely dark, but to understand ____45 ____ light can be directed while meeting safety and wildlife needs. 【语篇导读】本文介绍学生持续监测城市蝙蝠活动并据此优化照明，重点考查现在完成进行时。 36．have been recording　【解析】since the beginning of May表示动作从过去持续至今，主语students为复数，用have been recording。 37．which　【解析】非限制性定语从句修饰survey，空格在从句中作主语，用which。 38．softly　【解析】修饰动词speak应用副词softly。 39．to compare　【解析】使用探测器的目的在于比较叫声数量，用不定式to compare表目的。 40．has shown　【解析】so far提示现在完成时，主语project为单数，用has shown，强调目前结果。 41．designed　【解析】shield与design为被动关系，过去分词短语designed to...作后置定语。 42．have been using　【解析】since then强调动作持续进行，主语bats为复数，用have been using。 43．a　【解析】trial为单数可数名词，second在此表示“又一次”，用a。 44．activity　【解析】measure后需要名词作宾语，active的名词形式为activity。 45．how　【解析】空格引导宾语从句并在从句中表示方式“如何引导灯光”，用how。 【教师点拨】现在完成进行时强调持续过程；so far搭配现在完成时常突出已经形成的结果。 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是校自然科学社负责人李华。学校将与城市湿地公园合作招聘三名“生物多样性数据助理”。请你用英语写一则招聘启事，内容包括： 1．工作时间：11月9日全天； 2．主要任务：整理传感器文件、标注动物照片； 3．应聘条件及报名方式。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Biodiversity Data Assistants Wanted 【写作指导】采用“岗位背景—时间与职责—资格条件—报名行动”结构；明确数据工作而非导览工作，可使用accurate、file、label、applicant等词汇。 【评分标准】内容7分（时间、两项任务、条件、报名完整）；语言5分（准确、连贯、得体）；篇章3分（招聘启事格式清楚）。 【参考范文】 Biodiversity Data Assistants Wanted Our Nature Science Club is looking for three students to support a wetland survey on 9 November. Working with park researchers, the assistants will organise files from sound sensors and label animals shown in camera images. Applicants should be patient, accurate and confident with basic computer work. No previous field experience is required, but everyone must attend a short online training session. If you are interested, complete the form on the school website and write about one relevant skill. Applications close at 5 p.m. on 1 November. 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mia had expected the coastal survey to be mostly counting. Her class was spending Saturday at Greyfin Dunes, where volunteers had planted lines of beach grass after winter storms. Each pair received a tablet, a map and one simple task: record how many marked shoots were still upright without stepping inside the roped restoration plots. Mia worked with Daniel, who liked numbers but avoided strangers. By noon they had checked four plots from the boardwalk. At Plot Five, a rope had come loose, leaving a gap wide enough to walk through. Beyond it, a narrow track crossed the pale sand towards the sea. A family with a stroller was already using the track. The father explained that the boardwalk curved too far around and that the gap looked like an entrance. He carefully avoided the largest plants, but the stroller wheels pressed over dozens of tiny shoots that were almost invisible against the sand. Mia wanted to shout. Instead, she remembered the survey leader’s warning: volunteers could explain the project, but only staff should repair official barriers. Daniel checked their tablet. Last month’s photograph showed the rope fixed in place and 118 living shoots inside the first square. Their new count from the boardwalk was 91. They could not prove that every missing shoot had been crushed by walkers; wind and dry weather also mattered. Still, the wheel marks showed an immediate risk. Then a tour bus stopped near the car park. A group began moving towards the boardwalk, several people carrying beach chairs. The family had paused beside the gap, unsure whether to continue. The nearest ranger was inspecting another site almost a kilometre away, and Mia’s message showed only one grey tick. Daniel looked from the approaching group to the chart on the screen. ‘We have evidence,’ he said quietly, ‘but we also need a way to explain it without pretending we know more than we do.’ Mia nodded. They had been trained to record a problem. Now they had to prevent it from growing. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mia stepped beside the gap and opened the monitoring chart on her tablet. By sunset, Ranger Sol returned with a coil of rope and a small request. 【续写要点】第一段应写两人用证据解释、引导游客返回木栈道并设置不冒充官方设施的临时提醒；第二段应写护林员修复围绳、核查原因并邀请学生改进提示信息。不得擅自进入修复区或把相关性说成确定因果。 【评分标准】情节与衔接10分；语言准确与丰富10分；证据意识、生态责任与书写5分。两段须分别承接所给首句，人物行动符合权限。 【参考范文】 Mia stepped beside the gap and opened the monitoring chart on her tablet. She showed the family the earlier photograph and explained how the small shoots held loose sand. Wind might explain part of the lower count, she admitted, but the fresh wheel marks created an immediate risk. The father apologised and guided the stroller back to the boardwalk. When the tour group arrived, Daniel repeated the explanation. Mia kept their bright survey bag beside the gap and, without entering the plot, directed everyone towards the legal path. By sunset, Ranger Sol returned with a coil of rope and a small request. She photographed the marks, repaired the barrier and found that wind had loosened the post. Thanking the students for neither entering the plot nor overstating the data, she asked them to redesign the sign. Their version showed a grass shoot above its spreading roots and explained the curved boardwalk. Daniel added a QR code linking to the monthly counts. Mia realised that carefully explained evidence could change a visitor’s choice before damage occurred. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高二选择性必修第一册英语单元自测 Unit 6 Nurturing nature·能力提升 （时间：100分钟　满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名等信息填写清楚。 2．选择题选出最佳答案；非选择题按要求在答题区域作答。 3．本卷不含听力。 第一部分　阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Coastal Research Week: Team Briefs Seaborne Field Station invites students aged 16–18 to join one of four project teams from 5 to 9 August. All teams share a safety briefing on 3 August. Applicants rank two teams and submit one teacher reference by 20 July. Staff first remove applications that conflict with a team’s compulsory schedule; eligible applicants are then matched by skills and motivation rather than school marks alone. TIDE-POOL MAPPERS Work outdoors from 6:00 to 10:00 a.m., when the shore is exposed. You will mark sample points with a tablet and photograph the same pools each day. Confident walking on uneven rock is essential; mapping experience is useful but training is provided. SOUND-LAB ASSISTANTS Clean underwater audio files, label boat noise and compare time stamps with the tide record. Work takes place indoors from 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. Strong attention to detail matters more than previous knowledge of marine animals. COMMUNITY INTERVIEWERS Ask fishers and visitors how access rules affect their routines, then turn the responses into an anonymous summary. Applicants must speak English clearly and attend Saturday’s market after the project week. REMOTE DATA DESIGNERS Create two clear charts from data supplied by the station. You may work from home, but a live check-in at 4:30 p.m. each day is compulsory because scientists will revise the questions as results arrive. Applicants should be comfortable using spreadsheet software. Your charts must distinguish observation from explanation. 1．Which team best suits a student who is precise but knows little about sea life? A．Tide-pool Mappers. B．Sound-lab Assistants. C．Community Interviewers. D．Remote Data Designers. 2．What extra commitment is required of Community Interviewers? A．Joining a daily online meeting. B．Providing their own mapping device. C．Working before sunrise throughout the week. D．Being free on a day beyond the project dates. 3．What principle is used at the first stage of selection? A．Academic results decide the ranking. B．Teacher references are scored before availability. C．A timetable conflict can make an application ineligible. D．Students who apply earlier receive their first choice. B When an Empty Camera Still Counts as Evidence For three months, camera 17 photographed nothing. It faced a new wildlife underpass beneath a mountain highway, and project engineer Leila Morgan began every Monday by opening an empty folder. The crossing had been placed where movement models predicted elk and bears would travel. Yet snow beside the entrance held prints that turned away before reaching the tunnel. Some colleagues suggested moving the camera—or even questioning the site. Ecologist Marco Ruiz urged patience. Large structures do not become part of an animal’s route simply because engineers declare them open. Wary species may need seasons to explore unfamiliar ground. An absence of photographs, he argued, was not proof that the structure was useless; it was a question about what animals encountered before they entered it. The team widened its view. Track surveys showed that animals reached the fence but often followed it towards a drainage channel. Night recordings also revealed sudden vehicle noise near one entrance. Instead of relocating the costly underpass, workers extended a short section of fencing, removed stored machinery and reshaped a steep bank so the approach felt continuous with the forest floor. Camera 17 then captured a fox, followed weeks later by deer. Bears took much longer. The order mattered because it warned the team not to judge every species by the fastest learner. Monitoring continued, and data from different crossings were compared with vegetation, width, traffic and human presence. The original map had not failed; it had become a hypothesis that field evidence could refine. Years later, Leila described the crossing as a system rather than a concrete object. Fencing kept animals away from traffic, the passage restored a route, and monitoring exposed weak links between the two. Success was therefore not the day the underpass opened. It was the continuing ability to notice where movement stopped—and to revise the design without mistaking delay for defeat. 4．Why did Marco oppose judging the underpass after three months? A．The camera had been installed in the wrong season. B．Some animals may adapt to a new route only gradually. C．Movement models cannot predict where animals travel. D．Vehicle noise prevents every species from using tunnels. 5．What did the wider investigation reveal? A．Animals preferred the highway to the forest floor. B．The underpass itself was too narrow for large animals. C．Conditions leading to the entrance were limiting its use. D．The camera was recording movement in the drainage channel. 6．What does the author mean by saying the map became “a hypothesis”? A．Its prediction became a claim to be tested and improved. B．Its locations were hidden to protect the animals. C．Its data were replaced by the first camera image. D．Its purpose changed from research to public education. 7．Which statement best captures Leila’s final understanding? A．A crossing succeeds once the construction schedule is met. B．Wildlife projects should favour species that respond quickly. C．Monitoring matters mainly when a structure must be moved. D．Ecological engineering requires connected measures and revision. C Why a Seed Bank Sometimes Says “Not Yet” After a storm stripped vegetation from a small island dune, a local group offered to send every remaining seed of a rare coastal plant to a national seed bank. The proposal sounded generous: if the seeds were safe underground, the species would be safe too. To the group’s surprise, curator Amara Bell replied, “Not yet.” A seed collection is not simply a jar filled before nature runs out. Removing too much from one weak population can reduce its chance of recovering where it already grows. A useful collection must also record when and where seeds were gathered, the condition of the parent plants and the range of habitats represented. Without that information, future researchers may own seeds but not know what questions the collection can answer. Amara proposed a slower plan. Volunteers first mapped surviving plants and protected the dune from trampling. When several populations produced enough seed, trained collectors sampled modest amounts across different parts of the island. The variation mattered. Seeds from a windy headland might respond differently from those beside a sheltered path, and restoration decades later could depend on preserving such differences. Back at the bank, staff dried, cleaned and tested part of each sample before cold storage. Some seeds were later germinated, not because storage had failed, but because a living collection must periodically demonstrate that it can still become a plant. Duplicate samples were held with an island partner, while the records remained linked to local knowledge about rainfall and land use. The project changed how the volunteers understood security. A vault protects material from fire, flood and sudden loss, but it cannot replace habitat or permission from the people who care for it. Amara called every well-documented sample “a return ticket”: valuable only if knowledge, partnership and viable seed could one day travel back together. The bank’s refusal had not delayed conservation. It had prevented urgency from becoming another form of damage. 8．Why did Amara initially reject the group’s offer? A．The bank accepted seeds only from mainland habitats. B．A complete harvest could harm the population and lack context. C．Storm-damaged plants could never produce living seeds. D．Local volunteers were not permitted to map rare plants. 9．What was the purpose of sampling several island populations? A．To make each storage jar contain the same number of seeds. B．To compare the volunteers’ speed in different locations. C．To preserve variation that future restoration might need. D．To decide which habitat should lose all public access. 10．Why were some stored seeds later germinated? A．To check that the collection remained capable of producing plants. B．To replace all wild plants with laboratory-grown ones. C．To prove that cold storage was unnecessary. D．To prevent the island partner from holding duplicates. 11．What does the metaphor “a return ticket” emphasize? A．Visitors should pay before entering a seed bank. B．Collectors must send unused equipment back to the island. C．Stored seeds are valuable mainly as museum exhibits. D．Conservation should keep open a responsible path back to habitat. D The Indicator Is Not the Goal Managers of North Hollow Reserve once treated a full car park as their main warning signal. When more than 120 vehicles arrived, extra cars were turned away. The rule was visible, easy to enforce and reassuringly numerical. Yet a survey found that a rare orchid beside a quiet trail was declining on several days when the car park was only half full. The contradiction exposed a common mistake: confusing an indicator with the condition it is meant to represent. Vehicle numbers described one part of visitor use, but they did not show where people went or what they did. On low-attendance mornings, small photography groups left the trail and gathered around the orchids. Their concentrated behaviour created more pressure than a larger crowd using the durable lakeside path. The reserve began by stating its actual goal: orchid stems should remain unbroken, surrounding soil should stay covered, and visitors should still have a meaningful chance to learn about the plants. Managers then monitored two closer indicators—the width of bare soil beside the trail and the number of off-trail entries. A trigger was agreed in advance. If either measure crossed its threshold twice in a week, staff would change the visiting pattern before damage became difficult to reverse. The response was not an automatic closure. During flowering, the reserve moved the photography stop to a raised platform, scheduled small guided sessions and used images from a fixed camera for close-up interpretation. The car-park limit remained useful on busy holidays, but it was no longer asked to answer every ecological question. Good indicators are therefore more like a dashboard than a verdict. They direct attention, reveal trends and signal when a planned response should begin. They must also be reviewed: if visitors change routes or weather alters the soil, yesterday’s measure may lose its connection to the desired condition. Numbers strengthen judgement when managers remember what the numbers stand for. They weaken it when an easy count becomes a substitute for looking at the landscape itself. 12．What problem did the orchid survey reveal? A．The car park was too small for holiday visitors. B．The lakeside path caused the greatest plant damage. C．Vehicle totals were a weak guide to pressure on one site. D．Photography groups ignored every reserve regulation. 13．Why did managers define the desired condition before choosing new indicators? A．So the measurements would be tied to the result they wanted to protect. B．So visitors could vote on which orchid species should survive. C．So the reserve could remove numerical thresholds altogether. D．So staff could guarantee that weather would not affect the soil. 14．What can be inferred about the reserve’s management approach? A．It values a permanent rule more than changing evidence. B．It adjusts timing, location and behaviour before using total closure. C．It considers public learning incompatible with plant protection. D．It relies on photographers to enforce off-trail restrictions. 15．Which title best expresses the author’s argument? A．Why Every Reserve Needs a Larger Car Park B．The Case for Closing Nature to Photographers C．How Simple Numbers Remove Difficult Choices D．Measure What the Landscape Actually Experiences 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Environmental claims often arrive in attractive forms: a before-and-after photograph, a rising wildlife count or a label promising that a project is ‘nature positive’. Such evidence may be useful, but responsible readers ask what reasoning connects it to the conclusion. ____16 ____ A claim that a river is ‘healthier’, for example, means little until health is translated into measures such as oxygen levels, insect diversity or bank stability. Next, look for a baseline. A report may celebrate 200 returning birds, but was the earlier number 20 or 190? Was the earlier survey made in the same season and with the same method? ____17 ____ Without a fair starting point, change may reflect measurement rather than nature. Then consider other explanations. A wetland restoration may coincide with more frogs, yet an unusually rainy year could also increase breeding pools. ____18 ____ The strongest studies compare sites, years or treatments so that one explanation can be tested against another. Match the scale of the evidence to the scale of the claim. Three successful nest boxes can show that a design is usable; they cannot prove that a regional population has recovered. ____19 ____ Good conclusions stay within the boundaries of the data while explaining why the result still matters. Finally, ask what evidence would change the conclusion. This does not weaken an argument. It makes the argument testable and guides future monitoring. That standard also discourages selective reporting after the fact. ____20 ____ A careful environmental claim is therefore not a slogan carved in stone, but a position that can become more precise as the landscape provides new information. A．A local result should not be stretched into a much broader promise. B．The comparison is meaningful only when the two measurements are genuinely comparable. C．Beautiful photographs are always less reliable than numerical tables. D．Stating a revision rule shows which future observations would count against the claim. E．Environmental projects should avoid reporting results until every uncertainty disappears. F．Begin by defining the key term in a way that can be observed or measured. G．Ask whether the reported cause is the only plausible reason for the observed change. 第二部分　语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After an autumn storm, the Bluehaven Eco Club was invited to ____21．____ a damaged dune beside the town beach. Club leader Hana wanted to make the coast look normal again ____22．____. She proposed clearing away driftwood and smoothing every pile of sand before the weekend. Coastal officer Mr Ives asked the students to pause. Driftwood that looked untidy might be ____23．____ because it slowed wind and created shelter for young plants. Before moving anything, the club needed ____24．____. Students compared old photographs, recorded wind direction and marked which clumps of grass had ____25．____ the storm. The map showed that the strongest plants stood behind scattered wood. ____26．____ of cleaning the whole beach, the club built two small trials. In one area they placed a ____27．____ fence made of reed stakes and rope. In another they left the storm material untouched. After a week, a low ridge of sand had been ____28．____ behind the fence, but one end also pushed sand across a ____29．____ access path. Hana photographed both effects. The evidence ____30．____ the town officer to let the club move the fence line rather than remove it. At the open day, however, the students found several new shoots ____31．____ by visitors who had stepped through an unmarked gap. Hana felt ____32．____; their careful experiment seemed to have created a new problem. Mr Ives pointed to the footprints. They had ____33．____ exactly where an explanation was needed. The club added a simple board showing how roots held sand and directed walkers to a firmer entrance. Their plan was not finished; it was still ____34．____. Hana learned that nurturing a coast requires ____35．____ before each decision. 21．A．display B．restore C．measure D．advertise 22．A．quickly B．privately C．rarely D．formally 23．A．ordinary B．distant C．silent D．valuable 24．A．luck B．permission C．evidence D．tradition 25．A．returned B．survived C．escaped D．floated 26．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．Instead 27．A．temporary B．splendid C．private D．narrow 28．A．noticed B．covered C．trapped D．carried 29．A．formal B．muddy C．secret D．narrow 30．A．warned B．persuaded C．forced D．allowed 31．A．measured B．protected C．damaged D．entered 32．A．discouraged B．curious C．grateful D．confident 33．A．forgotten B．revealed C．hidden D．limited 34．A．ending B．failing C．winning D．adapting 35．A．wealth B．silence C．patience D．distance 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the beginning of May, students in Brookside ____36 ____ (record) bat activity along a canal after dark. The survey, ____37 ____ is supported by a local wildlife group, compares a brightly lit bridge with a quieter section upstream. Volunteers stand still, speak ____38 ____ (soft) and use small detectors ____39 ____ (compare) the number of calls heard at each point. To keep the comparison fair, they visit both sites at the same hour and note temperature, rain and passing boats. These details help researchers distinguish a lighting effect from changes caused by weather or temporary traffic. So far, the project ____40 ____ (show) fewer calls beside the brightest lamps. A shield ____41 ____ (design) to direct light towards the path was fitted to two lamps in June. Since then, bats ____42 ____ (use) the nearby trees more often, while walkers can still see the ground clearly. The council is now considering ____43 ____ second trial on another bridge. Students will also measure insect ____44 ____ (active), because insects are an important food source for bats. The aim is not to make every place completely dark, but to understand ____45 ____ light can be directed while meeting safety and wildlife needs. 第三部分　写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 假定你是校自然科学社负责人李华。学校将与城市湿地公园合作招聘三名“生物多样性数据助理”。请你用英语写一则招聘启事，内容包括： 1．工作时间：11月9日全天； 2．主要任务：整理传感器文件、标注动物照片； 3．应聘条件及报名方式。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Biodiversity Data Assistants Wanted ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mia had expected the coastal survey to be mostly counting. Her class was spending Saturday at Greyfin Dunes, where volunteers had planted lines of beach grass after winter storms. Each pair received a tablet, a map and one simple task: record how many marked shoots were still upright without stepping inside the roped restoration plots. Mia worked with Daniel, who liked numbers but avoided strangers. By noon they had checked four plots from the boardwalk. At Plot Five, a rope had come loose, leaving a gap wide enough to walk through. Beyond it, a narrow track crossed the pale sand towards the sea. A family with a stroller was already using the track. The father explained that the boardwalk curved too far around and that the gap looked like an entrance. He carefully avoided the largest plants, but the stroller wheels pressed over dozens of tiny shoots that were almost invisible against the sand. Mia wanted to shout. Instead, she remembered the survey leader’s warning: volunteers could explain the project, but only staff should repair official barriers. Daniel checked their tablet. Last month’s photograph showed the rope fixed in place and 118 living shoots inside the first square. Their new count from the boardwalk was 91. They could not prove that every missing shoot had been crushed by walkers; wind and dry weather also mattered. Still, the wheel marks showed an immediate risk. Then a tour bus stopped near the car park. A group began moving towards the boardwalk, several people carrying beach chairs. The family had paused beside the gap, unsure whether to continue. The nearest ranger was inspecting another site almost a kilometre away, and Mia’s message showed only one grey tick. Daniel looked from the approaching group to the chart on the screen. ‘We have evidence,’ he said quietly, ‘but we also need a way to explain it without pretending we know more than we do.’ Mia nodded. They had been trained to record a problem. Now they had to prevent it from growing. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Mia stepped beside the gap and opened the monitoring chart on her tablet. ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ By sunset, Ranger Sol returned with a coil of rope and a small request. _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $