内容正文:
必修第二册
UNIT 6 Earth first
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
What scares us is that many rare animals are faced with extinction due to human beings’ cruelty, such as random hunting without permission. Besides, with more and more carbon dioxide ____1____ (release), the environment has got damaged and the greenhouse effect occurs. Plus, severe drought, flood and smog around the world highlight the urge to take steps ____2____ (protect) the environment. The situation is on the slide, so we should take environmental issues into account whenever possible. Fortunately, those ____3____ are concerned about the environment have realized the ____4____ (important) of sustainable development and adopted some measures. Many governments and average people contribute to ____5____ (reduce) pollution. Also, we find many ____6____ (nature) reserves established. A majority of scientists are devoted to making the most of renewable and reusable solar energy. More campaigns are launched and more lectures or presentations are delivered to supply people with alternative choices to live ____7____ low-carbon life. More brochures are handed out on how to ____8____ (correct) use household appliances or devices so that amounts of electricity can ____9____ (save). For example, when not used, plugs should be pulled out and energy-saving bulbs should be used. Only if we have a scientific attitude ____10____ environmental protection and remove our false actions can we achieve the desired target. Always remember that all the above measures can greatly affect our surroundings and help restore our damaged environment.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 scare vt. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬(scared adj. 感到害怕的,恐惧的scary adj. 恐怖的,吓人的)
11. Although I was urged to dive into the deep water, I hesitated in case some ________ (scare) creatures might emerge. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
12. If you’re ________ (scare) about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(读后续写之心理描写)
13. 我胆怯地低着头,不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。
I lowered my head timidly and ________ my father’s cloudy face.
(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
14. 当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。我既担心又害怕,但还是鼓起勇气,努力把熊吓跑。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us, I ________. Concerned and ________, I gathered enough courage, making an effort to ________.
2 permission n. 允许,许可(permit v. 允许;使有可能n. 许可证)
15. Due to the terrible weather, we weren’t permitted ________ (go) outside, which made us in low spirits. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷听力)
16. ________ (permit) of parents and activity fees are required to participate in all field trips. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(应用文写作之告知信)
17. 如果天气允许,比赛将于下午两点在我校体育馆举行,持续约三个小时。
________________, the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 p.m. and last for roughly 3 hours.
3 devote vt. 致力,献身,倾注(devoted adj. 挚爱的;投入的;献身的devotion n. 致力;献身;奉献)
18. The reason for our ________ (devote) to her is that she devotes large amounts of her time to ________ (reduce) pollution at an early age. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·北京,书面表达)
19. 中国致力于发展新技术,如高速列车、空间探索和可再生能源,目前在技术和创新方面处于领先地位。
________, such as high-speed trains, space exploration and renewable energy, China is now a leader in technology and innovation. (分词短语作状语)
4 amount n. 数量,数额vi.(to)(数值)达到,合计
20. A large amount of previous working experience ________ (contribute) to my progress in my present occupation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21. What makes the staff amazed is that large amounts of money ________ (raise) now to purchase stand-by devices for the company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(话题写作之健康饮食)
22. 青少年吃的垃圾食品的数量逐年上升,这逐渐损害了他们的健康。
________________, which gradually ruins their health.
(应用文写作之建议信)
23. 为了良好的健康状况,有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。
In order to be in good shape, ________.
24. 暑假期间我总共挣了300美元,这笔钱可以帮助解决我家的燃眉之急。
The money I earned during the summer holiday ________, which could help solve my family’s burning problem.
5 urge n. 强烈的欲望;冲动vt. 竭力主张;强烈要求,敦促(urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的urgency n. 紧急;急迫)
(2023·上海1月,书面表达)
25. If we handle the above ________ (urge) matters as soon as possible, more and more students will be crazy about the spoken English class. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2022·全国甲,书面表达)
26. 为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们自己的不合适的行为并且做出改变。
To protect oceans better, we ________ and make changes.
(2022·天津6月,书面表达)
27. 随着中国的发展,极力强调年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流。因此,任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语社。
With the development of China, ________ the young ________ without difficulty. Hence, anyone ________ can register for our Spoken English Club.
6 contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生);贡献,捐献;撰稿(contribution n. 捐献;贡献contributor n. 捐款人;撰稿人;起作用的因素)
28. These generous businessmen have contributed lots of money to ________ (establish) new reserves for the endangered animals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2023·北京,书面表达)
29. 只有公众愿意为建设绿色北京做出贡献,我们才能实现我们的目标。
Only if the public willingly _________ can we achieve our targets.
(2021·新课标Ⅰ,应用文写作)
30. 经常读英文报纸的确有助于提高我的英语水平。有时我给报纸投稿,这进一步增强了我的写作能力。
Reading the English newspaper regularly does ________. Sometimes I ________, which further strengthens my writing ability.
7 average adj. 平均(数)的;正常的,普通的n. 平均数
(2024·浙江1月,应用文写作)
31. 在我看来,只要我们平均每天踢20分钟毽子,我们就能释放我们的精神压力,恢复我们的精力。
As far as I am concerned, only if we kick the shuttlecock ________ can we release our mental pressure and restore our energy.
32. 近年来,电子设备的平均数量急剧上升,使我们能够在线学习。
________ in recent years, making it possible for us to study online.
(话题写作之人物介绍)
33. 我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师,他的教学能力远远高于平均水平。他中等身材,戴着一副眼镜。
The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher ________. He is ________ and wears a pair of glasses.
8 形容词短语作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 由于害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物,有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
34. ________(concern) about the environmental problem in our country, the authorities have launched a campaign to urge the companies to make use of solar energy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
35. I was scared of failing to find our way to the farm. I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.
=________, I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly. (形容词短语作状语)
(应用文写作之邀请信)
36. 很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣,我写信真诚地邀请你参观我们学校正在举办的展览。
________, I am writing to sincerely invite you to visit the exhibition being hosted at our school.
9 倍数表达法 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而,生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍,耗水则多达三倍。
37. The new bulbs require twice ________ (little) electricity than the conventional ones currently used to produce the same amount of light. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38. 从这个短视频中可以很容易地判断出,我们的新学校是老学校的三倍大。
Judging from the short video, it is clear that our new school is ________ the old one.
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
He has contributed① an article to the magazine, and his article concentrates on those who have contributed② to the development of society. What the great people have done contributes③ to our wonderful life in modern times.
①____39____ ②____40____ ③____41____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The professor of education is lecturing① to parents, saying that they mustn’t lecture② their kids about their behaviour. The wonderful lecture③ had the desired effect.
①____42____②____43____③____44____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
If you desire to visit the national wildlife reserve①, you must reserve② tickets in advance either online or in the registration office. But a small part of tickets are reserved③ for special guests.
①____45____②____46____③____47____
Ⅱ. 单元知识应用
48. ________ average, I go to the gallery three times a week. (用适当的词填空)
49. You should hold a positive attitude ________ your profession, or you might get fired. (用适当的词填空)
50. There is no denying that I won’t ________ (permit) to go hiking alone in a remote mountain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. The instant I saw a crocodile swimming in the river, I was almost ________ (scare) to death, with my legs trembling without control. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. My previous teacher has a deep effect ________ me and I will never forget him. (用适当的词填空)
53. Large amounts of money ________ (spend) on the bridge beyond the budget last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. Every year I devote much time to ________ (travel) around the world, enjoying dramatic landscapes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55. This café is three times ________ (big) than that one, so it attracts a lot more customers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
56. Masses of visitors travel to the famous tourist attraction, ________ (cause) damage to the beautiful place. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. Much to her delight, the manager of the chain store reduced her weight ________ 6 kilos ________ 45 kilos. (用适当的词填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——环境保护
58. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动,他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括:
1.活动形式;
2.活动内容。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
59. 很高兴听说你正在策划一个以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动,我写信是想给你一些建议。(形容词短语作状语)(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
60. 我强烈敦促你组织一次环城徒步旅行,在推广环保交通的同时,探索北京的绿地。(urge that ...;while doing) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
61. 另一个有效的活动是植树,为城市绿化努力做出贡献。(contribute to)(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
62. 毫无疑问,要建设绿色北京,你们需要与当地志 愿者或环保组织共同努力来致力于保护北京的自然环境。(be devoted to;不定式作目的状语) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
63. 我真诚地希望你能考虑以上建议。 (take ... into account) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_________________________________________________________
语料运用【环境保护】
The moment I set foot in my hometown ten years later, I gazed at the bare mountain and the dirty river and froze there, ____64____ (过去分词短语作状语). Past memories of its once beautiful scenery came back in floods. I ____65____, thinking what had contributed to the terrible environment. ____66____ (形容词短语作状语), I was unsettled for the first few days, feeling on pins and needles. ____67____ (形容词短语作状语), I began delivering lectures to ____68____. The public’s positive responses melted away my feelings of anxiety and concern.
十年后,当我踏入家乡的那一刻,我凝视着光秃秃的山和脏兮兮的河,在那里愣住了,感到一阵绝望。往日美景的回忆如洪水般涌了回来。我流下了眼泪,绝望地低下了头,心想是什么造成了这种可怕的环境。由于担心被破坏的环境,我在最初的几天里坐立不安,如坐针毡。决定改变这种状况,我开始发表演讲,敦促人们保护环境。公众的积极反应消解了我的焦虑感与担忧感。
必修第二册
UNIT 6 Earth first
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. released
2. to protect
3. who 4. importance
5. reducing
6. natural 7. a
8. correctly
9. be saved
10. to##towards
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述了珍稀动物面临灭绝的现状及环境保护的相关措施。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,随着越来越多的二氧化碳被释放,环境遭到破坏,温室效应产生。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构,carbon dioxide与release是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填released。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,全球范围内的严重干旱、洪水和雾霾凸显了采取措施保护环境的紧迫性。固定搭配take steps to do sth.表示“采取措施做某事”,不定式作目的状语。故填to protect。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:幸运的是,那些关心环境的人已经意识到可持续发展的重要性并采取了一些措施。先行词those指代人,关系词在从句中作主语。故填who。
【4题详解】
考查名词。句意:幸运的是,那些关心环境的人已经意识到可持续发展的重要性并采取了一些措施。定冠词the后接名词,important的名词形式是importance,意为“重要性”。故填importance。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:许多政府和普通民众为减少污染做出了贡献。固定搭配contribute to doing sth.表示“为做某事做贡献”,to是介词,后接动名词。故填reducing。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意:同时,我们发现许多自然保护区已经建立。修饰名词reserves需用形容词,nature的形容词形式是natural,意为“自然的”。故填natural。
【7题详解】
考查冠词。句意:更多的活动被发起,更多的讲座或演讲被传递给人们,为他们提供过低碳生活的替代选择。固定搭配live a ... life表示“过一种……的生活”,low-carbon以辅音音素开头。故填a。
【8题详解】
考查副词。句意:更多关于如何正确使用家用电器或设备的手册被分发,以便大量的电力可以被节约。修饰动词use需用副词,correct的副词形式是correctly,意为“正确地”。故填correctly。
【9题详解】
考查语态。句意:更多关于如何正确使用家用电器或设备的手册被分发,以便大量的电力可以被节约。electricity与save是被动关系,且情态动词can后接动词原形,故填be saved。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意:只有我们对环境保护持有科学态度并纠正错误行为,才能实现预期目标。固定搭配attitude to/towards sth.表示“对某事的态度”,故填to/towards。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 scare vt. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬(scared adj. 感到害怕的,恐惧的scary adj. 恐怖的,吓人的)
【11题答案】
【答案】scary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:尽管我被催促着潜入深水区,但我还是犹豫了,生怕一些可怕的生物会突然出现。根据空后的名词creatures可知,此处需填形容词修饰名词,动词scare变形为形容词形式scary,意为“可怕的”,用来描述事物的性质。故填scary。
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
【12题答案】
【答案】scared
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你对某件事感到害怕,并且只想着它,你就不可能学得进去。本句主语是you,指代人,且空前有be动词are,因此需要用形容词作表语,其形容词形式是scared,表示“人感到害怕的”,be scared about sth.“对某事感到害怕”。故填scared。
(读后续写之心理描写)
【13题答案】
【答案】was scared to look at/of looking at
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语和动词时态。句中已有谓语动词lowered(一般过去时),and连接并列谓语结构,因此空处需保持时态一致,使用一般过去时。“不敢看/害怕看”可使用固定搭配be scared to do sth.或be scared of doing sth.;主语为第一人称I,一般过去时中be动词对应形式为was;“看(某人/某物)”用固定短语look at。故填was scared to look at/of looking at。
(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
【14题答案】
【答案】 ①. was nearly scared to death/out of my wits ②. scared ③. scare the bear off/away
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文片段,以第一人称还原突发危险时的心理与动作。
【详解】考查形容词、固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处依次需填“几乎要吓死了;害怕;把熊吓跑”;第一空,句子描述过去发生的经历,时态为一般过去时,“几乎要吓死了”可译为was nearly scared to death(固定搭配scare sb. to death表“把某人吓死”)或was nearly out of my wits(固定短语out of one’s wits表“惊慌失措、魂飞魄散”);第二空,“害怕的”译为scared与Concerned(担心的)并列,在句中作状语,描述主语I的状态;第三空,“把……吓跑”可译为scare ... off/away;make an effort to do sth. 是固定搭配,后接动词原形。故填①was nearly scared to death/out of my wits;②scared;③scare the bear off/away。
2 permission n. 允许,许可(permit v. 允许;使有可能n. 许可证)
【15题答案】
【答案】to go
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于糟糕的天气,我们不被允许外出,这让我们情绪低落。“weren’t permitted”是谓语,空处作非谓语;be permitted to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“被允许做某事”,其中不定式to do作主语补足语。故填to go。
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷听力)
【16题答案】
【答案】Permission
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:参加所有实地考察旅行需要获得家长的许可并缴纳活动费用。空处需要作句子主语,应将动词permit转换为名词形式permission,意为“许可”,不可数名词;“permission of parents”与“activity fees”并列作主语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Permission。
(应用文写作之告知信)
【17题答案】
【答案】Weather permitting/If weather permits
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构/条件状语从句。“天气”使用名词weather,“允许”使用动词permit,空处和后面的句子无连词,故空处可使用独立主格结构,weather和permit之间是主谓关系,应用“名词+现在分词”形式;此处也使用if引导条件状语从句,使用一般现在时,weather表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数。故填Weather permitting/If weather permits。
3 devote vt. 致力,献身,倾注(devoted adj. 挚爱的;投入的;献身的devotion n. 致力;献身;奉献)
【18题答案】
【答案】 ①. devotion ②. reducing
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。第一空形容词性物主代词our,后需接名词作介词for的宾语;所给词devote为动词,意为“奉献;致力于”,其名词形式为devotion,意为“奉献;忠诚”,不可数名词。第二空固定搭配devote one’s time to doing sth.中,to为介词,介词后需接动名词作宾语;所给词reduce为动词,意为“减少”,其动名词形式为reducing。故填①devotion;②reducing。
(2024·北京,书面表达)
【19题答案】
【答案】Devoting itself to/Devoted to developing new technology
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译为“中国致力于发展新技术”。此处要求用分词短语作状语,“致力于”用固定搭配devote oneself to doing sth./be devoted to doing sth.,to为介词,后接动名词;“发展新技术”译为developing new technology,主语China与devote为主动关系,用现在分词短语Devoting itself to developing new technology;也可将devoted视为形容词化的过去分词,用Devoted to developing new technology。
4 amount n. 数量,数额vi.(to)(数值)达到,合计
【20题答案】
【答案】contributes
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:大量以往的工作经历促成了我目前职业上的进步。句子描述的是客观事实,时态用一般现在时;“A large amount of + 不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;所给词contribute的第三人称单数形式为contributes。故填contributes。
【21题答案】
【答案】are being raised
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:让员工们惊讶的是,目前一大笔资金正在被筹集,用于为公司购置备用设备。根据now可知,从句时态是现在进行时,结构为be doing;动词raise与主语money之间为动宾关系,因此用现在进行时态的被动,结构为be being done;再根据large amounts of +不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,因此be动词用are。故填are being raised。
(话题写作之健康饮食)
【22题答案】
【答案】The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表示“青少年吃的垃圾食品的数量逐年上升”,可译为The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year;“……的数量”译为the amount of(后接不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数),“青少年吃的”译为定语从句teenagers eat(省略关系代词that/which,修饰junk food);“逐年上升”译为goes up year by year(句子描述客观现状,用一般现在时,主语the amount为单数,故谓语用goes up)。故填The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up year by year。
(应用文写作之建议信)
【23题答案】
【答案】a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary
【解析】
【详解】考查目的状语、名词短语和主谓一致。句首In order to be in good shape为目的状语,用于引出后文的必要性内容。“适量的”用固定短语a proper amount of,“有规律的锻炼”为regular exercise,组合为a proper amount of regular exercise,在句中作主语。主语a proper amount of regular exercise为不可数概念(exercise表“锻炼”时为不可数名词),谓语动词需用单数形式;“相当必要的”用quite necessary作表语,故谓语用is quite necessary。 故填a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary。
【24题答案】
【答案】amounted to 300 dollars
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“总共挣了300美元”;句子讲述过去的事情用一般过去时,“总共、合计为”使用固定短语amount to,此处需变为过去式amounted to,后接金额300 dollars。故填amounted to 300 dollars。
5 urge n. 强烈的欲望;冲动vt. 竭力主张;强烈要求,敦促(urgent adj. 紧急的;急迫的urgency n. 紧急;急迫)
(2023·上海1月,书面表达)
【25题答案】
【答案】urgent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果我们尽快处理上述紧急事务,越来越多的学生会喜欢上英语口语课。空格处修饰名词matters,需要用形容词形式,urge的形容词形式是urgent,表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。
(2022·全国甲,书面表达)
【26题答案】
【答案】must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavio (u) r/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavio (u) r
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词、固定搭配和虚拟语气。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“必须敦促更多的人去反思他们自己的不合适的行为”;句子陈述必要性,时态为一般现在时;“必须敦促”翻译为must urge;urge有两种常见用法:urge sb. to do sth.意为“敦促某人做某事”,对应表达urge more people to reflect on;urge that sb. (should) do sth.后接宾语从句时需用虚拟语气,should可省略,对应表达urge that more people (should) reflect on;“反思他们自己的不合适的行为”翻译为reflect on their own improper behavior,reflect on是固定短语,意为“反思”,improper behavior意为“不合适的行为”。故填must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior (u) r/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavio (u) r。
(2022·天津6月,书面表达)
【27题答案】
【答案】 ①. it is urged that ②. (should) communicate with foreigners ③. who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English
【解析】
【导语】这是社团招募类短文,立足国家发展大势,倡导青年无障碍涉外交流,诚邀英语爱好者入社练口语。
【详解】考查固定句型、虚拟语气和定语从句。 第一空表“极力强调……”用固定句型it is urged that ...,it作形式主语,真正主语为that从句;第二空的动词urge后接宾语从句时,需用虚拟语气,从句谓语结构为(should) + 动词原形;“与外国人交流”为固定短语communicate with foreigners;第三空引导限定性定语从句,先行词为anyone,指人,关系词用who;“渴望说流利英语”可表达为has an urge to speak fluent English或feels an urge to speak fluent English,从句主语who指代anyone,谓语动词用单数形式。故填①it is urged that;②(should) communicate with foreigners;③who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English。
6 contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生);贡献,捐献;撰稿(contribution n. 捐献;贡献contributor n. 捐款人;撰稿人;起作用的因素)
【28题答案】
【答案】establishing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些慷慨的商人为建立濒危动物新保护区捐了很多钱。contribute ... to ...“把……捐献/投入到……”为固定搭配,其中to是介词,后接动名词形式,所以establish变为establishing。故填establishing。
(2023·北京,书面表达)
【29题答案】
【答案】contribute to/make contributions/a contribution to building a green Beijing
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译为“为建设绿色北京做出贡献”。“为……做出贡献”可译为固定短语contribute to/make contributions to/make a contribution to;“建设绿色北京”译为building a green Beijing,其中to是介词,后接动名词作宾语。
(2021·新课标Ⅰ,应用文写作)
【30题答案】
【答案】 ①. contribute to improving my English level ②. contribute my articles to the newspaper
【解析】
【详解】空处①应翻译“有助于提高我的英语水平”;根据“does”可知,句子时态为一般现在时;“有助于”用固定搭配contribute to,to为介词,后接动名词improving“提升”,“我的英语水平”翻译为my English level。空处②应翻译“给报纸投稿”;根据“Sometimes”可知,句子陈述经常性动作,时态为一般现在时;“给……投稿”用固定搭配contribute ... to ...,“我的文章”翻译为my articles,“报纸”为the newspaper,主语为I,谓语动词用原形。
7 average adj. 平均(数)的;正常的,普通的n. 平均数
(2024·浙江1月,应用文写作)
【31题答案】
【答案】for 20 minutes every day on average
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“平均每天20分钟”;“20分钟”表示一段时间,用for 20 minutes;“每天”翻译为every day;“平均”翻译为on average,作状语修饰整个时间短语。故填for 20 minutes every day on average。
【32题答案】
【答案】The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“电子设备的平均数量急剧上升”;句子描述近年来的变化,时态为现在完成时;“电子设备的平均数量”翻译为The average number of electronic devices,the average number of ...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“急剧上升”翻译为has risen sharply;“上升”译为rise,现在完成时has risen体现“从过去到现在的变化”;“急剧地”译为sharply,修饰动词risen,句首单词首字母大写。故填The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply。
(话题写作之人物介绍)
【33题答案】
【答案】 ①. whose teaching ability is far above average ②. of average height
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“他的教学能力远远高于平均水平”和“中等身材”; 第一空:句子是对先行词my Chinese teacher的补充说明,用非限制性定语从句;“他的”用关系代词whose引导从句,指代“老师的”;“教学能力”翻译为teaching ability,在从句中作主语;“远远高于平均水平”翻译为is far above average,在从句中作系表;整句为whose teaching ability is far above average,在主句中作后置定语; 第二空:“中等身材/中等身高”是描述人物外貌的固定短语,常用表达为of average height。故填①whose teaching ability is far above average;②of average height。
8 形容词短语作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 由于害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物,有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
【34题答案】
【答案】Concerned
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于担忧我国的环境问题,当局发起了一场敦促企业利用太阳能的运动。(be) concerned about是固定搭配,意为“担忧、关心”;此处用形容词Concerned放在句首作原因状语,说明主语the authorities的状态,句首首字母需大写。故填Concerned。
(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
【35题答案】
【答案】Scared of failing to find our way to the farm
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语作状语。句意:我害怕找不到去农场的路,于是坐在一棵树旁边,紧紧抱着肩膀。用形容词短语作状语改写句子,句中主语I与scared是主系表关系,表达主语的状态,直接使用过去分词转化来的形容词短语Scared of ...置于句首作原因状语,用来解释“坐在树下抱肩膀”的原因;“害怕做某事”为固定搭配be scared of doing sth.,“找不到去农场的路”翻译为failing to find our way to the farm。故填Scared of failing to find our way to the farm。
(应用文写作之邀请信)
【36题答案】
【答案】Glad/Delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese paintings
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“很高兴得知你对中国画感兴趣”;句子陈述事实,时态为一般现在时;“很高兴得知”翻译为Glad/Delighted to know,在句中作原因状语,to know是动词不定式作非谓语,句首首字母大写;“你对中国画感兴趣”翻译为that you are interested in Chinese paintings,作know的宾语从句,用that引导,无实际意义;“对……感兴趣”固定短语be interested in,主语为you,be动词用are;“中国画”翻译为Chinese paintings,表示泛指,用复数paintings。故填Glad/Delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese paintings。
9 倍数表达法 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而,生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍,耗水则多达三倍。
【37题答案】
【答案】less
【解析】
【详解】句意:这种新型灯泡在产生相同亮度的情况下,耗电量仅为目前使用的传统灯泡的二分之一。句中的than表示比较,需用形容词的比较级;little的比较级为less。
【38题答案】
【答案】three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the size of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和倍数表达。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“三倍大”;“三倍”翻译成three times,“大”翻译成large,“是……的三倍大”常用结构为three times as large as是“倍数+ as ... as ...”结构;three times larger than是“倍数 + 比较级 + than”结构 ;three times the size of是“倍数 + 名词所有格”结构,the size of表示“……的尺寸”,三种结构都在句中作表语。故填three times as large as/three times larger than/three times the size of。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
【39~41题答案】
【答案】39. v. 撰稿
40. v. 贡献 41. v. 促成,造成
【解析】
【39题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:他给这家杂志撰稿了一篇文章,他的文章聚焦于那些为社会发展做出贡献的人。句中“contributed an article to the magazine”指“给杂志撰稿一篇文章”,contributed是contribute的过去分词,作动词,意为“撰稿”。故填:v. 撰稿。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:同上。句中“contributed to the development of society”指“为社会发展做出贡献”,contributed是contribute的过去分词,作动词,意为“贡献”。故填:v. 贡献。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:伟人的成就为我们在现代的美好生活做出了贡献。句中“contributes to our wonderful life”指“促成了我们美好的生活”,contributes是contribute的第三人称单数形式,作动词,意为“促成,造成”。故填:v. 促成,造成。
【42~44题答案】
【答案】42. vi. 开讲座,讲课
43. vt. 训斥 44. n. 讲座,演讲
【解析】
【42题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:这位教育学教授正在给家长们开讲座,说他们不该就孩子的行为训斥孩子。is lecturing作谓语动词,是不及物动词,表示“开讲座,讲课”。故填:vi. 开讲座,讲课。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。lecture作谓语动词,是及物动词,表示“训斥”。故填:vt. 训斥。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这场精彩的讲座达到了预期的效果。lecture作主语,为名词,表示“讲座,演讲”。故填:n. 讲座,演讲。
【45~47题答案】
【答案】45. n.(野生生物)保护区
46. vt.预定 47. vt.保留,保存,储备
【解析】
【45题详解】
句意:如果你想要参观国家野生动物保护区,你必须提前在网上或登记处预定门票。reserve在此处为名词,意为“(野生生物)保护区”,the national wildlife reserve是固定搭配,意为“国家野生动物保护区”。
【46题详解】
句意同上。reserve在此处为及物动词,意为“预定”,reserve tickets是常用搭配,意为“预定门票”。
【47题详解】
句意:但有一小部分票是为特殊客人预留的。reserve在此处为及物动词,意为“保留,保存,储备”,be reserved for是固定结构,意为“为……预留”。
Ⅱ. 单元知识应用
【48题答案】
【答案】On
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:平均来说,我每周去画廊三次。on average是固定短语,意为“平均来说、通常”,在句中作状语,句首单词首字母需大写。故填On。
【49题答案】
【答案】to##toward##towards
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:你应该对你的职业保持积极的态度,否则你可能会被解雇。“attitude”后常接介词to或toward(s),构成固定搭配attitude to/toward(s) sth.,表示“对某事的态度”;此处“your profession”为介词的宾语。故填 to/toward(s)。
【50题答案】
【答案】be permitted
【解析】
【详解】考查语态和情态动词用法。句意:不可否认,我不会被允许独自去偏远的山里徒步。情态动词won’t后必须接动词原形;句子主语I和动词permit(允许)之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态,即“be done”,permit的过去分词为permitted。故填be permitted。
【51题答案】
【答案】scared
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我一看到河里有鳄鱼在游,几乎吓得要死,双腿不由自主地发抖。空格处应用形容词,与was构成系表结构,修饰人,表示“感到害怕的”,scare变形为形容词形式scared。故填scared。
【52题答案】
【答案】on##upon
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:我以前的老师对我有深远的影响,我永远不会忘记他。“have a deep effect on/upon sb.”是固定搭配,意为“对某人有深远的影响”。故填on/upon。
【53题答案】
【答案】were spent
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:去年,超预算的那部分资金被花在了这座桥上。根据时间状语last year可知,事情发生在过去,用一般过去时态;且主语money与设空处动词spend为动宾关系,因此是一般过去时的被动语态,结构为was / were done;再根据“large amounts of +不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词惯用复数”可知,be动词用were。故填were spent。
【54题答案】
【答案】travelling##traveling
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我每年都花很多时间环游世界,欣赏壮丽的风景。句中“devote much time to ...”为固定搭配,意为“把大量时间投入到……”,其中to是介词,介词后需接动名词作宾语;所给词travel的动名词形式为traveling或travelling。故填travelling/traveling。
【55题答案】
【答案】bigger
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:这家咖啡馆是那家的三倍大,所以吸引了多得多的顾客。句中有than,表示两者比较,前面three times修饰比较级,所以用big的比较级bigger。故填bigger。
【56题答案】
【答案】causing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大量游客前往这个著名的旅游景点,对这个美丽的地方造成了破坏。“Masses of visitors travel to the famous tourist attraction”是主句,逗号后为结果状语;所给词“cause”与主句主语“Masses of visitors”是主动关系,且表示自然而然的结果,因此用现在分词形式作结果状语,cause的现在分词是causing。故填causing。
【57题答案】
【答案】 ①. by ②. to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:令她非常高兴的是,这家连锁商店的经理把她的体重减轻6公斤,降到45公斤。“reduce ... by ...”是固定搭配,表示“减少了…… (幅度)”,此处“6 kilos”是减少的重量幅度,因此第一空应填介词by;“reduce ... to ...”是固定搭配,表示“减少到…… (最终结果)”,此处“45 kilos”是减少后的最终体重数值,因此第二空应填介词填to。故填by;to。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——环境保护
【58题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Dear Jim,
I am writing to tell you something that is related to the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”. The following are my suggestions.
First of all, organising a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing and promote eco-friendly transportation is suitable for your club. Additionally, why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air? Last but not least, without joint efforts, a green Beijing wouldn’t be built, and as a consequence, I lay stress on the cooperation between local volunteers and local environmental organizations.
All in all, as long as you take the above suggestions into account, you can succeed in organising this activity, so don’t be stressed out. I am looking forward to participating in this event and strengthening environmental awareness together.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生给英国笔友吉米写一封邮件,为他策划的以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动提建议,内容包括活动形式和活动内容。
【详解】1.词汇积累
主题:theme → topic
组织:organise → arrange
探索:explore → discover
促进:promote → advocate
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Organising a walking tour around the city is suitable for your club.
拓展句:Organising a walking tour around the city, which can explore the green places in Beijing and promote eco-friendly transportation, is suitable for your club.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you something that is related to the club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”. (that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】First of all, organising a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing and promote eco-friendly transportation is suitable for your club. (动名词作主语)
【高分句型3】Additionally, why not set out to plant trees to not only beautify the city but also purify the air? (why not提建议的句型,以及not only ... but also ...并列结构)
【完成句子】
【59题答案】
【答案】Glad to hear that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”, I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语、宾语从句、介词短语和时态等。句子前半部分“很高兴听说你正在策划……”是形容词短语作状语,用来表示原因,应用Glad to hear that,that引导宾语从句;在宾语从句中,“你”用you,作宾语从句主语;根据“正在策划”可知是现在进行时,“策划”用plan,即are planning,作宾语从句谓语;“一个社团活动”用a club activity,作宾语从句宾语;“以……为主题”作后置定语,用with the theme of;“绿色北京”用Green Beijing,专有名词首字母需大写;主句“我写信是为了……”是常用信件开头语,用I am writing to ...;“给”用offer,常用结构为offer sb. sth.,作谓语;“你”用you,作间接宾语;“一些建议”用some suggestions,作直接宾语。故翻译为Glad to hear that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing”, I am writing to offer you some suggestions.
【60题答案】
【答案】I strongly urge that you should organize a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation.
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定搭配。句子陈述建议,用一般现在时; “我强烈敦促你”翻译为I strongly urge that you ...,urge后接宾语从句时需用虚拟语气,结构为“should+ 动词原形”;“组织一次环城徒步旅行”翻译为should organize a walking tour around the city;“探索北京的绿地”用不定式to explore the green places in Beijing作目的状语,说明组织徒步旅行的目的;“在推广环保交通的同时”用while doing结构,即while promoting eco-friendly transportation,此处是while you are promoting的省略形式,作伴随状语,体现“探索绿地”与“推广环保交通”同时进行。故译为I strongly urge that you should organize a walking tour around the city to explore the green places in Beijing while promoting eco-friendly transportation.
【61题答案】
【答案】Another effective activity is planting trees to contribute to the city’s green efforts.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定搭配和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“另一个有效的活动”翻译为Another effective activity,在句中作主语,置于句首首字母大写;“是植树”翻译为is planting trees,主语是Another effective activity,谓语动词用单数is,用动名词短语planting trees作表语;“为城市绿化努力做出贡献”作目的状语,用不定式to contribute to;contribute to是固定搭配,意为“为……做出贡献”,“城市绿化努力”翻译为the city’s green efforts,努力表泛指用复数形式efforts。故翻译为Another effective activity is planting trees to contribute to the city’s green efforts.
【62题答案】
【答案】There is no doubt that, to build a green Beijing, you need to make joint efforts with local volunteers or environmental organizations to be devoted to protecting Beijing’s natural environment.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、不定式作目的状语和固定搭配。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“毫无疑问”用固定句型There is no doubt that ...,后接同位语从句;“要建设绿色北京”在句中作目的状语,应用不定式形式to build a green Beijing;“需要与……共同努力”翻译为need to make joint efforts with ...,“当地志愿者”为local volunteers,“环保组织”译为environmental organizations;“致力于保护……”用固定搭配be devoted to doing sth.,其中to是介词,后接动名词形式,故“保护”译为protecting,“北京的自然环境”译为Beijing’s natural environment,此处用不定式to be devoted to ...作目的状语,承接前文“共同努力”的目标。 故翻译为There is no doubt that, to build a green Beijing, you need to make joint efforts with local volunteers or environmental organizations to be devoted to protecting Beijing’s natural environment.
【63题答案】
【答案】I sincerely hope that you can take the above suggestions into account.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、固定搭配和时态。句子陈述表达希望的语气,时态为一般现在时;“我真诚地希望”翻译为I sincerely hope,后接that引导的宾语从句;you作主语;“能”用情态动词can表达;固定搭配take ... into account表示“考虑……”;“以上建议”翻译为the above suggestions,在固定搭配中作take的宾语;句首单词首字母大写。故填I sincerely hope that you can take the above suggestions into account.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_________________________________________________________
语料运用【环境保护】
【64~68题答案】
【答案】64. overwhelmed/overcome by a feeling of despair
65. was reduced to tears and declined my head in despair
66. Worried/Concerned about the destroyed environment
67. Determined to change the situation
68. urge people to protect the environment
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十年后回到家乡,目睹环境遭到破坏后,从绝望到决心行动,通过演讲呼吁人们保护环境,并最终获得积极反馈的故事。
【64题详解】
考查名词短语和非谓语动词。“感到一阵绝望”译为overwhelmed/overcome by a feeling of despair,此处过去分词短语作伴随状语,说明主语“I”愣住时的状态。故填overwhelmed/overcome by a feeling of despair。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语、介词短语和时态。“忍不住落泪”译为be reduced to tears,全文讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,主语是I,be动词用was;表示“低下头”译为decline one’s head,decline的过去式是declined,形容词性物主代词用my;表示“绝望地”可用in despair,介词短语作状语。故填was reduced to tears and declined my head in despair。
【66题详解】
考查形容词短语。“担心……”译为worried/concerned about,形容词短语作原因状语,首字母需大写;“被破坏的环境”译为the destroyed environment,过去分词destroyed作前置定语,表被动含义“被破坏的”。故填Worried/Concerned about the destroyed environment。
【67题详解】
考查形容词短语和动词短语。表示“决定……”可用determined to,形容词短语作伴随状语,首字母需大写;“改变这种状况”译为change the situation,不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填Determined to change the situation。
【68题详解】
考查动词短语和不定式。表示“敦促某人做某事”可用urge sb. to do sth.,“保护环境”译为protect the environment,不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填urge people to protect the environment。
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