内容正文:
必修第三册
Unit 5 The Value of Money
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
As ____1____ matter of fact, by taking out a loan I was running a factory producing sorts of plastic products. To be honest, I was a person full of ____2____ (patient) and obligation and I treated my clerks in a polite manner. Never have I judged people by their external appearances and neither have I ignored others’ ____3____ (propose). Once I made a mistake, I wouldn’t permit myself to postpone ____4____ (apologize). Aside from this, I didn’t hesitate to help those in trouble and in return, they worked harder. ____5____ the basis of mutual trust, we pursued our goal together. All of these indicated that we indeed maintained close relations. In my spare time, I liked watching musicals and operas and travelling around the world. One day, I ____6____ (go) sailing with my friends abroad. We were about to reach the destination ____7____ our ship broke down by accident. Luckily, we ____8____ (spot) by a passing ship and after being rescued, we hugged each other: tightly. Unfamiliar with the surroundings, we had no option but ____9____ (turn) to the consulate for help and the ambassador on duty welcomed us with a broad smile and was willing to help us. Eventually, we returned ____10____ (safe). We didn’t dare to sail alone from then on in case we came across some odd emergencies.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 apologise(also apologize) vi. 道歉;谢罪(apology n. 道歉)
11. I really owe you an ________ (apologize) for postponing our appointment, but I really have something urgent to deal with. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
12. 我向他道歉后,请求他宽限还款期限,并承诺会打电话还清我欠他的钱。
________, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and pay him back the money I owed him.
13. 请接受我真诚的歉意,因为我未能履行我的承诺。
________ for not being able to fulfill my commitment.
2 judge vt. & vi. 评价;评判;判断 n. 法官;审判员;裁判员[judg(e)ment n. 判断力;评价;判断]
14. ________ (judge) from the expression of the audience, our opera performance must be a big success. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15. 据我判断,如果那样的话大使不会作出任何评价。
________, the ambassador won’t ________ in that case.
16. 经过仔细考虑,我认为你的提案将很有效。
After careful consideration, ________ your proposal would be effective.
17. 永远不要以貌取人,因为真正的美来自内心,而不是外表。(读后续写之主旨升华)
________ because true beauty comes from the inside instead of the outside.
3 spot vt. 看见;注意到;发现 n. 地点;处所;斑点;污迹
(2026·浙江1月)
18. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability ________ (spot) reviews, this isn’t a good sign. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19. 当我走过邻居家时,我看见他正在后院里做园艺工作,他的双手熟练地挥舞着铲子。
________ as I walked past his house, his hands skillfully wielding the shovel.
20. 我们躺在草地上,凝视着布满闪烁星星的夜空。(读后续写之环境描写)
We lay on the grass, staring at the night sky ________.
4 patience n. 耐心;忍耐力;毅力(patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人patiently adv. 耐心地impatient adj. 不耐烦的;没有耐心的 impatiently adv. 不耐烦地)
(2024·全国甲卷)
21. Prof. Gracie, with all his ________ (patient), asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22. 她总是对我很有耐心。每当我向她求助时,她都耐心地倾听,然后给我一些有用的建议。(读后续写之人物描写)
She ________. Whenever I turned to her for help, she would listen ________ and then offered me some useful advice.
5 hesitate vi. 犹豫;迟疑;顾虑(hesitation n. 犹豫;迟疑hesitant adj. 犹豫不决的)
23. To be honest, I hesitated ________________ the option between the two dresses. (用适当的词填空)
24. 每当我遇到麻烦,她总会毫不犹豫地来帮助我。
Whenever I am in trouble, she will come to my assistance ________.
25. 如果你有任何问题,请尽管与我联系。(应用文写作之告知信)
If you have any question, please ________.
6 manner n. 举止;行方式;方法;[pl.]礼貌;礼仪
26. Your clerk has treated me ________ a rude manner, for which she must apologise to me officially. (用适当的词填空)
27. 拜访中国朋友时,带上一件礼物是礼貌的。在用餐时,你应当注意餐桌礼仪。
________ when you visit a Chinese friend. And at dinner, ________.
7 permit vt. & vi. 准许;允许;使有可能 n. 许可证(permission n. 准许;许可;批准;许可证)
28. The park regulations permit ________ (picnic) in designated areas, allowing visitors to enjoy a leisurely meal surrounded by nature. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
29. 未经许可,任何人不得在博物馆内为展品拍照。(应用文写作之通知)
No one ________ the exhibits in the museum ________.
30. 如果天气允许,比赛将于本周五下午2点至5点在学校体育场举行。
________, the competition will be held in the school stadium from 2 pm to 5 pm this Friday.
8 否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 我记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
31. Hardly ________ the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene. (用适当的词填空)
→________ than they rushed to the scene. (同义句)
32. 他们的表演近乎完美。我从未见过比这更好的。
Their performance is close to perfect. ________.
33. 这次活动不仅加强了我们学生之间的友谊,而且帮助我们树立了积极的生活态度。
________, but it also assisted us to build a positive attitude towards life.
34. 我们老师经常提醒我们:决不能向困难屈服,决不能放弃我们的梦想。
Our teacher often reminds us that ________.
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
4. (2021·浙江卷阅读)
熟词生义——活用词性得新义
35. The police uncovered his plot to trick the old man out of his life savings. ________
36. He bought a book about the social morals and manners of the seventeenth century. ________
37. Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements. ________
38. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. ________
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
2. (2023·全国乙卷)
spot
A. vt. 看见 B. vt. 认出 C. n. 地点;处所 D. n. 斑点;污点
39. One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. ________
40. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. ________
41. When the naughty boy was running in the rain, his coat was covered with spots of mud. ________
42. I am so familiar with him that I spotted him immediately even in the distance. ________
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
43. ________ (judge) by sufficient evidence, I could figure out who is to blame for the accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44. I sincerely ________ (apology) for any inconvenience my actions may have caused you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
45. I determined to study harder in return ________ your regular guidance. (用适当的词填空)
46. What made me disappointed was that I spotted him ________ (play) with his smartphone in class. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47. My money is running out, so I have no choice but to postpone ________ (buy) the advanced facilities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. I have the intention ________ (live) independently in the hope of developing my independent awareness. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. She accepted the challenge without ________ (hesitate), her determination shining in her eyes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. It is reported that 90% of seabirds are now eating plastics on a daily ________ (base). (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. We don’t permit ________ (launch) a campaign without the government’s ________ (permit). (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. We sincerely appreciate your ________ (willing) to engage with us and eagerly await your positive response. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——金钱与价值观
53. 假如你是李华,前不久刚读了马克·吐温的短篇小说《百万英镑》,请用英语写一篇读后感。内容包括:
1. 小说梗概;
2. 反映出的道理;
3. 推荐阅读。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
54. 《百万英镑》是马克·吐温最著名的小说之一,它讲述了一个名叫亨利的年轻人的奇遇。(which引导定语从句)(汉译英)
___________________________
55. 当人们认为他身无分文时,每个人都看不起他,并以粗鲁的态度对待他。(in a ... manner)(汉译英)
___________________________.
56. 然而,当他们看到那张百万英镑的钞票时,他们完全改变了态度,很乐意为他服务。(the moment引导时间状语从句;be willing to do ...)(汉译英)
___________________________
57. 从这个故事中,我们学到了一个道理:我们永远不应该以貌取人。(judge;倒装句)(汉译英)
___________________________.
58. 这真是一本有趣又幽默的小说,我从未读过比这更好的作品。(倒装句;“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)(汉译英)
___________________________
59. 如果时间允许,我宁愿你们所有人都读一读它,欣赏它的魅力。(permit;would rather后的从句用虚拟语气)(汉译英)
___________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
___________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【金钱与价值观】
Though determined that ____60____ (“疑问词+-ever”引导宾语从句), Tom was now in deep despair, not knowing what to do next. Walking in the street aimlessly, Tom suddenly ____61____ (分词短语作宾补). He stepped forward, bent down and picked it up. The moment he opened it with curiosity, ____62____. Inside were a pile of cash and some cards. Tom ____63____, trying to keep calm. An idea flashed in his mind: he may take possession of the money. However, he soon cooled down and realized he must find the owner as soon as possible ____64____. Having examined the package carefully, he eventually managed to contact the owner. When he saw the owner, ____65____. It was the doctor who urged him to raise money for his father’s operation. The doctor hugged Tom tightly, showing his great gratitude. In return for Tom’s honesty and kindness, he promised to operate on Tom’s father for free. ____66____ (感叹句)!
尽管汤姆决定他愿意尽一切努力来拯救他的父亲,他现在却处在深深的绝望之中,不知道接下来该怎么办。他漫无目的地在街上走着,突然发现了一个被报纸包着的小包裹。他走上前去,弯下腰,把它捡了起来。当他好奇地打开它时,他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。里面是一沓现金和一些卡片。汤姆惊得倒吸一口气,努力保持着冷静。一个念头闪过他的脑海:他或许可以占有这笔钱。然而,他很快就冷静下来,意识到他必须尽快找到失主,以防失主担心。在仔细查看了包裹之后,他终于设法联系到了失主。当他看到失主时,汤姆惊讶得嘴都张开了。这就是那位催促他为父亲的手术筹钱的医生。医生紧紧地拥抱了汤姆,表达了他深深的感激之情。为了回报汤姆的诚实和善良,他承诺将免费为汤姆的父亲做手术。这是一个多么令人难以置信的故事啊!
必修第三册
Unit 5 The Value of Money
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. a 2. patience
3. proposals
4. apologizing
5. On 6. went
7. when 8. were spotted
9. to turn 10. safely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者经营工厂的为人处世以及一次出海遇险并获救的经历。
【1题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意:事实上,通过贷款,我经营着一家生产各种塑料制品的工厂。根据“As ... matter of fact”可知,as a matter of fact是固定搭配,意为“事实上”。故填a。
【2题详解】
考查名词。句意:老实说,我是一个充满耐心和责任感的人,我对员工彬彬有礼。根据“full of ...”可知,介词后接名词,patient的名词形式是patience,不可数名词。故填patience。
【3题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:我从不以貌取人,也从不忽视别人的建议。根据“others’ ...”可知,此处应用名词复数形式,propose的名词是proposal,复数为proposals。故填proposals。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦我犯了错误,我不允许自己推迟道歉。根据“postpone ...”可知,postpone doing sth.意为“推迟做某事”。故填apologizing。
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意:在相互信任的基础上,我们一起追求目标。根据“... the basis of”可知,on the basis of是固定搭配,意为“在……基础上”,句首单词首字母需大写。故填On。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意:有一天,我和朋友们出国航海。根据“One day”及上文“liked”可知,此处用一般过去时。故填went。
【7题详解】
考查固定句型。句意:我们正要到达目的地,这时我们的船意外出故障了。根据“were about to ... our ship broke down”可知,be about to do ... when ...是固定句型,意为“正要做某事,这时……”。故填when。
【8题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:幸运的是,我们被一艘路过的船发现了,获救后,我们紧紧拥抱在一起。根据“by a passing ship”可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是we,be动词用were。故填were spotted。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:我们对周围环境不熟悉,只好向领事馆求助。根据“had no option but ...”可知,have no option but to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“别无选择,只能做某事”。故填to turn。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意:最终,我们安全返回了。根据“returned ...”可知,此处修饰动词,用副词形式safely。故填safely。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 apologise(also apologize) vi. 道歉;谢罪(apology n. 道歉)
【11题答案】
【答案】apology
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:因为推迟了我们的约会,我真的欠你一个道歉,但我确实有急事要处理。根据“owe you an ...”可知,此处需要用可数名词的单数形式。故填apology。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)
【12题答案】
【答案】Having apologised/made an apology to him
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我向他道歉后”,“向他道歉”翻译为apologise to him或make an apology to him,道歉动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,用现在分词完成式作时间状语。故填Having apologised/made an apology to him。
【13题答案】
【答案】Please accept my sincere apology
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处填“请接受我真诚的歉意”;该句为祈使句,直接以动词原形开头;“请接受”译为“Please accept”;“我真诚的歉意”译为“my sincere apology”。故填Please accept my sincere apology。
2 judge vt. & vi. 评价;评判;判断 n. 法官;审判员;裁判员[judg(e)ment n. 判断力;评价;判断]
【14题答案】
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从观众的表情判断,我们的戏曲表演一定大获成功。Judging from/by ...意为“从……判断”是固定搭配,此处为独立成分作状语,无论逻辑主语是谁,都用现在分词形式;位于句首,首字母大写。故填Judging。
【15题答案】
【答案】 ①. As far as I can judge ②. make a judgement
【解析】
【详解】考查插入语、固定短语和情态动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“据我判断”和“作出任何评价”,“据我判断”翻译为As far as I can judge,位于句首首字母大写;“作出评价”翻译为make a judgement,won’t后接动词原形。故填As far as I can judge;make a judgement。
【16题答案】
【答案】I made a judgement that
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时和同位语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我认为”,句子表达经过思考后的观点,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。“我认为”翻译为I made a judgement that,其中that引导同位语从句。故填I made a judgement that。
【17题答案】
【答案】Never judge a person from/by his appearance
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句和固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“永远不要以貌取人”;句子是表示劝告的祈使句,用动词原形开头;“永远不要”用never表示,置于句首加强语气,且首字母大写;“以貌取人”常用表达为judge a person from/by his appearance。故填Never judge a person from/by his appearance。
3 spot vt. 看见;注意到;发现 n. 地点;处所;斑点;污迹
(2026·浙江1月)
【18题答案】
【答案】to spot
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管许多公司使用算法来剔除虚假评论,但Azimi指出,这些机器是由人类编程的,考虑到我们发现虚假评论的能力有限,这并不是一个好迹象。根据固定搭配ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”可知,此处需要使用不定式作后置定语。故填to spot。
【19题答案】
【答案】I spotted my neighbor gardening in his backyard
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我看见他正在后院里做园艺工作”在句中作主句;句子描述过去发生的场景,时态为一般过去时;“我”译为I,作主语;“看见某人正在做某事”译为spot sb. doing sth.现在分词作宾语补足语,这里的sb指“我的邻居”译为my neighbor;“做园艺工作”翻译为garden。“在后院”翻译为in his backyard。故填I spotted my neighbor gardening in his backyard。
【20题答案】
【答案】(which was) spotted with twinkling stars
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“布满闪烁星星的”;“布满……”是固定短语“be spotted with ...”,“闪烁的星星”译为twinkling stars;空处可用定语从句,先行词是the night sky,指事物,定语从句的关系代词用which,由“lay”可知讲述的是过去的事,用一般过去时,be动词用was;空处也可直接用过去分词短语“spotted with twinkling stars”作后置定语,修饰“the night sky”。故填(which was) spotted with twinkling stars。
4 patience n. 耐心;忍耐力;毅力(patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人patiently adv. 耐心地impatient adj. 不耐烦的;没有耐心的 impatiently adv. 不耐烦地)
(2024·全国甲卷)
【21题答案】
【答案】patience
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:格雷西教授极有耐心地让我思考这件事,而不只是考虑我是否喜欢它。此处位于形容词性物主代词“his”后,需用名词形式,patient是形容词,意为“有耐心的”,其名词形式是patience,意为“耐心”,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填patience。
【22题答案】
【答案】 ①. was always patient with me; ②. patiently/with patience
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、形容词、副词和介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,①空处填“总是对我很有耐心”,此处用系表结构“be patient with sb.”表达“对某人有耐心”,结合上下文语境,应以一般过去时为主,且主语为第三人称单数“she”,be用was;“总是对我很有耐心”译为“was always patient with me”。根据英汉意思对比可知,②空处填“耐心地”,此处用副词“patiently”修饰动词“listen”或用介词短语“with patience”作状语。故填①was always patient with me;②patiently/with patience。
5 hesitate vi. 犹豫;迟疑;顾虑(hesitation n. 犹豫;迟疑hesitant adj. 犹豫不决的)
【23题答案】
【答案】about##over
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:老实说,我对这两件衣服的选择犹豫不决。固定短语“hesitate about”或“hesitate over”意为“对……犹豫不决”,故填about或over。
【24题答案】
【答案】without hesitation
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“毫不犹豫地”;“毫不犹豫地”是固定短语without hesitation,在句中作方式状语。故填without hesitation。
【25题答案】
【答案】don’t hesitate to contact me
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处填“尽管与我联系”;这是一个表否定的祈使句,用“don’t + 动词原形”开头;“不要犹豫做某事”译为don’t hesitate to do sth.,“与我联系”译为contact me。故填don’t hesitate to contact me。
6 manner n. 举止;行为方式;方法;[pl.]礼貌;礼仪
【26题答案】
【答案】in
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:你的职员对我态度粗鲁,为此她必须正式向我道歉。根据“... a rude manner”可知,此处考查固定搭配in a ... manner,表示“以……的方式或态度”。故填in。
【27题答案】
【答案】 ①. It’s good manners to bring a gift ②. you should pay attention to table manners
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、情态动词及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“带上一件礼物是礼貌的”和“你应当注意餐桌礼仪”。“做某事是礼貌的”常用句型It’s good manners to do sth.,其中it作形式主语,真正主语是不定式;“带上礼物”翻译为bring a gift;“应当”用情态动词should,后接动词原形;“注意餐桌礼仪”翻译为pay attention to table manners。故填It’s good manners to bring a gift;you should pay attention to table manners。
7 permit vt. & vi. 准许;允许;使有可能 n. 许可证(permission n. 准许;许可;批准;许可证)
【28题答案】
【答案】picnicking
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:公园规定允许在指定区域野餐,让游客在大自然的环绕中享受悠闲的一餐。固定搭配permit doing sth.,表示“允许做某事”,动词permit后接动名词作宾语,picnic的动名词形式是picnicking。故填picnicking。
【29题答案】
【答案】 ①. is permitted to take photos of ②. without permission
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语及时态语态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“不得在博物馆内为展品拍照”和“未经许可”,句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时。“被允许做某事”用be permitted to do sth.,主语是no one,be动词用is;“拍照”翻译为take photos of;“未经许可”翻译为without permission。故填is permitted to take photos of;without permission。
【30题答案】
【答案】Weather permitting/If weather permits
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构和条件状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“如果天气允许”;有两种常见表达,第一种是用独立主格结构,逻辑主语weather与permit为主动关系,用“名词+现在分词”的结构:Weather permitting;第二种是用条件状语从句:If weather permits,用一般现在时表将来。 句首单词首字母大写。故填Weather permitting/If weather permits。
8 否定副词置于句首引起的部分倒装
I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this... 我记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
【31题答案】
【答案】 ①. had ②. No sooner had the police received the emergency call
【解析】
【详解】①考查固定句型和时态。句意:警察一接到紧急电话就冲向了现场。Hardly had...when...意为“一……就……”是固定搭配,故此处需要填入过去完成时的助动词had,表示“接到电话”这一动作发生在“冲向现场”之前。故填had。
②考查同义句转换和倒装句。原句“Hardly had the police received the emergency call when they rushed to the scene”可转换为“No sooner had the police received the emergency call than they rushed to the scene”;No sooner ... than ...与Hardly ... when ...同义,均表示“一……就……”,当“No sooner”置于句首时,句子需用部分倒装结构,将助动词had提到主语the police之前。故填No sooner had the police received the emergency call。
【32题答案】
【答案】Never have I seen a better one
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装和最高级。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我从未见过比这更好的”,用现在完成时。“见过更好的”用比较级表示最高级含义,翻译为have seen a better one;“从未”用否定词never表达,位于句首,句子用部分倒装。故填Never have I seen a better one。
【33题答案】
【答案】Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句、固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“这次活动不仅加强了我们学生之间的友谊”;“not only ... but also ...”连接两个分句,当not only置于句首时,前一个分句需用部分倒装结构;句子描述过去的活动影响,时态为一般过去时,倒装时借助助动词did,后接主语“the activity(这次活动)”和动词原形;“加强友谊”是固定短语“strengthen the friendship”,“我们学生之间”翻译为“among us students”;句首单词首字母大写。故填Not only did the activity strengthen the friendship among us students。
【34题答案】
【答案】in no case/way should we give in to difficulties and on no account/condition should we give up our dreams
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“决不能向困难屈服,决不能放弃我们的梦想”;句子陈述一般性事实,时态为一般现在时;“决不能向困难屈服”和“决不能放弃我们的梦想”为并列的宾语从句,用并列连词and连接;“决不能”用in no case/way和on no account/condition表示,in no case/way和on no account/condition表示否定含义,置于句首时,从句需用部分倒装结构,将情态动词“should”提到主语“we”之前;“向困难屈服”表达为give in to difficulties;“放弃我们的梦想”表达为give up our dreams。故填in no case/way should we give in to difficulties and on no account/condition should we give up our dreams。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
4. (2021·浙江卷阅读)
【35~38题答案】
【答案】35. n. 阴谋
36. n. 规矩;习俗
37. vt. 专门制作
38. vt. 成功得到
【解析】
【35题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:警方揭露了他骗取老人毕生积蓄的阴谋。名词plot通常意为“小块地;(小说、戏剧的)情节”;根据“to trick the old man out of his life savings”可知,此处是指他骗取老人积蓄的秘密计划,因此plot在本句中意为“阴谋”。故填:n. 阴谋。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:他买了一本关于17世纪社会道德和习俗的书。名词manners通常意为“礼貌;态度”;根据“the social morals and manners of the seventeenth century”可知,此处是指17世纪的社会规范和传统,因此manners在本句中意为“规矩;习俗”。故填:n. 规矩;习俗。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:大多数旅行社都准备专门定制旅行安排以满足个人需求。动词tailor通常意为“(为某人)做衣服”;根据“tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements”可知,此处是指根据个人需求调整、定制旅行方案,因此tailor在本句中意为“专门制作;量身定制”。故填:vt. 专门制作。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:然而,在接下来的8年里,成为一名全职成功演员对他来说仍是一场艰苦的斗争,直到他成功得到了几个最终让他受到关注的电影角色。动词land通常意为“着陆;降落”;根据“landed a number of film roles”可知,此处是指成功获得了电影角色,因此land在本句中意为“成功得到(工作、角色等)”。故填:vt. 成功得到。
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
2. (2023·全国乙卷)
【39~42题答案】
【答案】39. A 40. C
41. D 42. B
【解析】
【39题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:一天早上,我在上方的田野里,就在一条高速公路穿过我的田地附近,发现了一只走失的小羊。句中主语为I,谓语动词为spotted,宾语为a lost lamb,根据句意“在田野里发现走失的小羊”可知,此处spotted表示“看见、发现”。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:因为只比最佳时刻早到了五分钟待在现场,我错过了许多美丽的日落/日出。根据句意可知,固定搭配on the spot 意为“在现场、当场”,此处spot为名词,意为“地点、现场”。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:那个调皮的男孩在雨中奔跑时,外套上沾满了泥点。句中covered with后接名词作宾语,根据句意可知,“spots of mud”意为“泥点”,此处spot为名词,表示“斑点、污点”。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我和他太熟了,即使在远处也立刻认出了他。句中spotted作谓语动词,结合前文“familiar with him”(熟悉他)和后文“in the distance”(在远处)可知,此处强调“远距离认出”,spotted意为“认出”。故选B。
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【43题答案】
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从充足的证据判断,我能弄清楚谁该为这起事故负责。根据“... by sufficient evidence,”可知,此处考查固定短语judging by,表示“从……判断”,位于句首首字母大写。故填Judging。
【44题答案】
【答案】apologize
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:我为我的行为可能给您带来的任何不便真诚地道歉。根据句子结构可知,此处需要一个动词作谓语,“apology”的动词形式是apologize;句子陈述现在的情况,时态为一般现在时,主语是I,故用动词原形。故填apologize。
【45题答案】
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:我决心更加努力学习,以回报你一贯的指导。in return for“作为……的回报”是固定搭配。故填for。
【46题答案】
【答案】playing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:让我失望的是,我发现他在课堂上玩智能手机。“spot sb. doing sth.”是固定搭配,表示“发现某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行,用play的现在分词形式。故填playing。
【47题答案】
【答案】buying
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意:我的钱快用完了,所以我别无选择,只能推迟购买先进设备。postpone doing sth.是固定短语,意为“推迟做某事”,因此空格处用动名词buying作宾语,故填buying。
【48题答案】
【答案】to live
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我打算独立生活,希望培养自己的独立意识。根据“have the intention ...”可知,此处需要用动词不定式构成固定搭配have the intention to do sth.,表示“打算做某事”。故填to live。
【49题答案】
【答案】hesitation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:她毫不犹豫地接受了挑战,眼中闪烁着坚定的光芒。空格前有介词without,此处应填hesitate的名词形式作宾语。hesitate的名词为hesitation,意为“犹豫”,是不可数名词,without hesitation是固定短语,意为“毫不犹豫地”。故填hesitation。
【50题答案】
【答案】basis
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:据报道,现在90%的海鸟每天都在吃塑料。根据“on a daily ...”可知,此处考查固定搭配on a daily basis,表示“每天,每日”。故填basis。
【51题答案】
【答案】 ①. launching ②. permission
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和不可数名词。句意:我们不允许在没有政府许可的情况下发起一项活动。第一空,根据permit doing sth.可知,动词“发起”launch应用动名词形式launching;第二空government’s为名词所有格,后接名词,permit变形为permission,不可数名词,意为“许可”。故填①launching;②permission。
【52题答案】
【答案】willingness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们真诚感谢你愿意与我们合作,并热切期待你的积极回应。根据“your ... to”可知,此处需要用名词形式,willing的名词为willingness,不可数名词。故填willingness。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——金钱与价值观
【53题答案】
【答案】例文
The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous novels by Mark Twain, which tells the adventure of a young man named Henry. Because of an accident, he became penniless. But fortunately, a couple of rich gentlemen made a bet on him and gave him a million-pound bank note. Everyone looked down upon him and treated him in a rude manner when they thought he was penniless. However, the moment they saw the million-pound bank note, they completely changed their attitude and were willing to serve him. From this story, we learn that never should we judge a person from his appearance. It is really an interesting and humorous novel and never have I read a better one. Time permitting, I would rather all of you read it and enjoyed its beauty.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华身份,围绕马克・吐温的短篇小说《百万英镑》撰写一篇读后感。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
著名的:famous → well-known
身无分文的:penniless → without a penny
看不起:look down upon → look down on
粗鲁地:in a rude manner → rudely
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous novels by Mark Twain, which tells the adventure of a young man named Henry.
拓展句:Written by Mark Twain, The Million Pound Bank Note, one of his most celebrated works, narrates the extraordinary adventure of a young man called Henry.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous novels by Mark Twain, which tells the adventure of a young man named Henry. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】From this story, we learn that never should we judge a person from his appearance. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和部分倒装结构)
【高分句型3】Time permitting, I would rather all of you read it and enjoyed its beauty. (运用了独立主格结构)
【完成句子】
【54题答案】
【答案】The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous novels by Mark Twain, which tells the adventure of a young man named Henry.
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、最高级、时态和非谓语动词。句子讲述客观事实,用一般现在时。小说名“《百万英镑》”翻译为The Million Pound Bank Note;“最著名的小说之一”,用one of + 形容词的最高级 + 名词复数结构,翻译为one of the most famous novels;主语是小说名,be动词用is;“马克·吐温的”即小说是他所写,翻译为by Mark Twain;“它讲述了……奇遇”用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,翻译为which tells the adventure;“一个名叫亨利的年轻人”,从句主语a young man与name为被动关系,用过去分词named Henry作后置定语。故翻译为The Million Pound Bank Note is one of the most famous novels by Mark Twain, which tells the adventure of a young man named Henry.
【55题答案】
【答案】Everyone looked down upon him and treated him in a rude manner when they thought he was penniless.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、动词短语、介词短语、状语从句和宾语从句。根据汉语意思可知,本句描述过去发生的情境,使用一般过去时;主句主语是“每个人”译为“everyone”,置于句首时,首字母大写,“瞧不起”译为动词短语“looked down upon”,“对待”译为“treated”,“以粗鲁的态度”译为介词短语“in a rude manner”,故“每个人都看不起他,并以粗鲁的态度对待他。”可译为“Everyone looked down upon him and treated him in a rude manner”;“当……的时候”用when引导时间状语从句,其主语是“人们”,可用“they”指代,谓语think“认为”的一般过去式为“thought”,when从句里面又包含一个宾语从句,宾语从句的主语是第三人称单数“他”,谓语be用was,“身无分文”译为“he was penniless”。故翻译为Everyone looked down upon him and treated him in a rude manner when they thought he was penniless.
【56题答案】
【答案】However, the moment they saw the million-pound bank note, they completely changed their attitude and were willing to serve him.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、固定搭配和时态。句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。 “然而”译为However,表示转折,用于句首首字母要大写;“那张百万英镑的钞票”译为the million-pound bank note,“当他们看到那张百万英镑的钞票时”用the moment引导时间状语从句,即the moment they saw the million-pound bank note,the moment意为“一……就……”;“完全改变了态度”译为completely changed their attitude;“很乐意做某事”用固定搭配be willing to do sth.,主语是they且用一般过去时,be用were,“很乐意为他服务”即were willing to serve him。 故翻译为:However, the moment they saw the million-pound bank note, they completely changed their attitude and were willing to serve him.
【57题答案】
【答案】From this story, we learn that never should we judge a person from his appearance.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句、动词短语、宾语从句和时态。根据汉语意思可知,句子描述客观道理,用一般现在时;“从这个故事中”译为“from this story”,from置于句首,首字母大写;“我们学到了一个道理……”译为“we learn that ...”;“应该”译为“should”;“以貌取人”译为“judge a person from his appearance.”;“从不”译为“never”,因否定词never置于宾语从句句首,句子需部分倒装,其结构为“否定词 + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 + 实义动词 + 其他”。故译为From this story, we learn that never should we judge a person from his appearance.
【58题答案】
【答案】It is really an interesting and humorous novel and never have I read a better one.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装、时态及最高级。“真是一本有趣又幽默的小说”,描述个人观点,用一般现在时,翻译为It is really an interesting and humorous novel;“我从未读过比这更好的作品”,其中“从未”否定词never置于句首,句子需用部分倒装,用现在完成时,将助动词have提到主语I之前,应用never have I read;“比这更好的作品”用比较级表示最高级含义,应用a better one。故翻译为It is really an interesting and humorous novel and never have I read a better one.
【59题答案】
【答案】Time permitting, I would rather all of you read it and enjoyed its beauty.
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构、虚拟语气和固定搭配。句子表达与现在事实相反的愿望,用虚拟语气。 “如果时间允许”用独立主格结构time permitting表达,放在句首首字母要大写,其中time是逻辑主语,permitting是现在分词,表示主动关系;“宁愿”用固定表达would rather,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反时,从句谓语用一般过去时;“你们所有人都读一读它,欣赏它的魅力”译为all of you read it and enjoyed its beauty,其中read和enjoyed是虚拟语气的谓语形式。 故翻译为:Time permitting, I would rather all of you read it and enjoyed its beauty.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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续写积累提能练
语料运用 【金钱与价值观】
【60~66题答案】
【答案】60. he was willing to do whatever he could to save his father
61. spotted a small package wrapped in some newspapers
62. his eyes widened in amazement
63. gasped in astonishment
64. in case he was worried about it
65. Tom’s mouth dropped open in surprise
66. What an unbelievable story it was
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了汤姆在为父亲手术费发愁时捡到钱包并归还,最终意外得到医生免费救治父亲的感人故事。
【60题详解】
考查宾语从句。“愿意做某事”可用be willing to do sth.;“尽一切努力”可用do whatever he could,其中whatever引导宾语从句;“来拯救他的父亲”可用to save his father,不定式表目的;主句为一般过去时,从句用相应过去时态。故填he was willing to do whatever he could to save his father。
【61题详解】
考查时态和非谓语动词。“发现”可用spot;“一个小包裹”可用a small package;“被报纸包着”可用wrapped in some newspapers,过去分词短语作宾补;全文为过去时态,spot变为spotted。故填spotted a small package wrapped in some newspapers。
【62题详解】
考查时态和介词短语。“眼睛睁大”可用one’s eyes widen;“惊讶地”可用in amazement;叙述过去发生的事,widen变为widened。故填his eyes widened in amazement。
【63题详解】
考查时态和介词短语。“倒吸一口气”可用gasp;“震惊地”可用in astonishment;全文为过去时态,gasp变为gasped。故填gasped in astonishment。
【64题详解】
考查目的状语从句。“以防”可用in case; “担心”可用be worried about;主句为过去时,从句保持时态一致。故填in case he was worried about it。
【65题详解】
考查时态和介词短语。“张开嘴”可用one’s mouth drop open;“惊讶地”可用in surprise;全文为过去时态,drop变为dropped。故填Tom’s mouth dropped open in surprise。
【66题详解】
考查感叹句。“多么令人难以置信的故事”是感叹句,其结构为What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语,翻译成What an unbelievable story,事情发生在过去,用一般过去时。故填What an unbelievable story it was。
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