内容正文:
必修第三册
Unit 4 Space Exploration
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe. We also launch ____1____ (rocket) carrying satellites. Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote ____2____ (they) to space exploration, even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them ____3____ (disappoint). Besides, when living in space, the astronauts have to collect dirty water so as to recycle it later. ____4____ lack of gravity, their muscles become weak. They have to tape everything up, ____5____ they would float around. They also need to figure out how to store sufficient food and oxygen. However, people’s desire ____6____ (explore) space never dies. China is the third country to send humans into space ____7____ (independent), which signals a giant leap forward for China. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration, which ____8____ (be) actually a shallow view. Our planet’s resources are limited, and as a result, we should find a new home to provide for the ever ____9____ (increase) population. In closing, we attach great importance to solving ____10____ mystery of space and will carry on with space exploration.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的(disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望,沮丧)
11. Although being monitored can be frustrating and ________ (disappoint), it turns out that this can actually be. good for you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12. To their disappointment, they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt. (句型转换)
→ ________ was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt. (用what引导的主语从句)
→They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt, ________ . (定语从句)
2 desire n. 渴望;欲望;愿望 vt. 渴望;期望(desirable adj. 值得做的)
13. Although she’d had childhood dreams of exploring the world and studied international business with a desire ________ (pursue) a career in Toronto, finding a job proved more difficult than she’d expected.(所给词的适当形式填空)
14. This will engage their desire ________ understand and interact with the information. (用适当的词填空)
15. We desire that such meaningful activities ________ (hold) on a regular basis. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16. 得知你强烈渴望学好汉语,我写信给你一些实用的建议。
Learning that you ________________, I am writing to offer you some practical suggestions.
3 lack vt. 缺乏;缺少;没有 n. 缺乏;短缺(lacking adj. 不足的;缺乏的)
17. Napping and daydreaming are habits caused by lack ________ involvement with the material. (用适当的词填空)
18. 健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and ________.
19. 尽管他很有才华,但他似乎缺乏自信,这常常限制了他能力的全面展现。
Despite his talents, ________________, which often restricts the full display of his abilities.
4 argue vt. & vi. 争论;争辩;论证(argument n. 争论;争吵;辩论;论点;论据)
20. It is beyond ________ (argue) that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world’s space exploration. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21. 我本想说服他接受我的意见,但我很快就意识到,和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他太固执了。
I had intended to ________________, but soon I realized ________________, because he was too stubborn.
22. 一些人支持关于在学校使用手机的禁令,而另一些人则认为在学校禁止使用手机是不必要的。
Some people ________________ phones at school while others ________________.
5 attach vt. 系;绑;贴;把……固定;重视(attached adj. 附属于;所附的;依恋的,爱慕的 attachment n. 附件;附属品;依恋)
23. With time going by, Claire seemed to be more ________________ (attach) to Tony, the robot. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24. 如果你能抽出一些时间来帮忙润色一下附在这封电子邮件中的文章,我将不胜感激。
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to help polish the article ________________.
25. 在学习语言的过程中,你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。
________ during the process of learning a language.
26. 他拿出吊床,拴在树上,惬意地躺在里面,听着他最喜爱的音乐。
He took out the hammock, ________________ and lay in it comfortably, listening to his favorite music.
6 result in导致;造成
27. Misunderstandings ________________ lack of communication, if not handled properly, may ________________ more serious problems. ________________, we should master sufficient communicating skills. (用result短语的正确形式填空)
28. 这次活动不但将提供一个了解中国文化的机会,还将带来相互理解和友谊。
Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture ________________.
7 run out用完;耗尽(物作主语,无被动语态)
29. While ________________ her dream to be a writer, she often found herself ________________ inspiration. To find inspiration, she went to a remote village where she ________________ a stranger whose money was ________________ and who was facing financial troubles. (用run相关短语的正确形式填空)
8 otherwise的用法
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。
30. 她总是体贴周到,否则她现在就不会这么担心你了。
She is always thoughtful and considerate, otherwise ________________.
31. 我们当时不知道你有麻烦,否则我们会帮你的。
We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise ________________.
32. 快点,否则我们会错过末班车。
Hurry up, ________________.
9 动名词(短语)作主语
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先,太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
33. Keeping a keen and determined mind ________ (be) what it takes to be successful.(所给词的适当形式填空)
34. 定期阅读是一种能够极大丰富词汇量并拓宽视野的习惯。
________________ that can significantly enrich one’s vocabulary and broaden one’s horizons.
35. 和他争论这个问题是没有用的,因为他并不认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
________________ because he doesn’t think ________________. (it作形式主语)
36. 他考试又不及格使他很羞愧,他羞愧地低着头。
________________ made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
熟词生义——活用词性得新义
37. Government monitors will continue to accompany reporters.________
38. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.________
39. She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”.________
(二)
1. launch
一词多义——熟义新义无关联
launch
A. vt. 发射 B. vt.(首次)上市,发行 C. vt. 发动,发起(尤指有组织的活动) D. n.(产品的)上市
40. It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year. ________
41. The police have launched an investigation into the case, which has resulted in great concerns nationwide. ________
42. The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson back in 1993 ...________
43. After the launch of the products, they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. ________
2. current
一词多义——熟义新义无关联
current
A. adj. 现在的;当前的 B. adj. 流通的 C. n. 水流 D. n. 潮流
44. Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind, she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so. ________
45. As we all know, the current money in China is Renminbi. ________
46. We should try our best to go with the current of the times. ________
47. Current thinking holds that obesity is more a medical than a psychological problem. ________
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
48. Mr Smith is ________ (determine) to seek his fortune in that big city. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. The young man had a strong desire ________ (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. They had a heated ________(argue) about which movie to watch. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
51. All passengers _________ board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.(用适当的词填空)
52. It was wise of him to admit what he had done, otherwise he ________ (get) into a series of trouble.(所给词的适当形式填空)
53. To their ________ (disappoint), they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at their first attempt.(所给词的适当形式填空)
54. There is no denying that human activities have a giant impact on ________ (globe) climate. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55. Afterwards, he seemed to run out ________ fortune and finally he lost all his possessions. (用适当的词填空)
56. The airport ________ (complete) next year will definitely bring about many benefits to the local development. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. ________ (expose) to poisonous gases even for a short time can bring about a series of health problems.(所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——太空探索
58. 最近,你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列信息,用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
1. 30%的同学认为太空探索不值得;
2. 70%的同学认为太空值得探索;
3. 你的观点。
注意:词数80左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
59. 人类一直渴望探索太空。 (desire to do ...) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
60. 最近,我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。 (argument;宾语从句) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
61. 30%的学生认为太空探索不值得,认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。 (argue that;现在分词短语作状语) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
62. 我们在太空探索上花了太多钱,要不然这些钱可以被用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染等问题。(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句;定语从句)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
63. 70%的人认为太空探索很重要,相信探索太空带来了很多好处,比如将卫星用于通信和天气预报。(attach;result in;动名词短语作主语)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
64. 随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽,我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。 (with复合结构;run out) (汉译英)
__________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【太空事故】
根据所给中文提示完成下面的短文。
News came that all astronauts on board died during their mission. Hearing the news, people all over the country ___65___. ___66___ (倒装结构) his throat felt tight, ___67___ (形容词短语作状语). The disaster made everyone sad and disappointed, but ___68___ never died. Scientists and astronauts ___69___ so as to console those who sacrificed for the cause and make contributions to all mankind.
消息传来,飞船上所有宇航员在执行任务时遇难。听到这个消息,全国人民都惊呆了。总统如此震惊,以至于他的喉咙紧绷,一句话也说不出来。这场灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。科学家和宇航员决心找出原因,继续研究,以慰藉那些为航天事业牺牲的人们,并为全人类做出贡献。
必修第三册
Unit 4 Space Exploration
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. rockets
2. themselves
3. disappointed
4 For##Through
5. otherwise##or
6. to explore
7. independently
8. is 9. increasing
10. the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类探索太空的努力、宇航员在太空的生活挑战,以及中国在航天领域的成就,并反驳了反对太空探索的观点,强调了探索太空的重要意义。
【1题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:我们还发射携带卫星的火箭。“rocket”是可数名词,此处表示泛指多枚火箭,应用复数形式。故填rockets。
【2题详解】
考查反身代词。句意:全球许多有智慧的人决心投身于太空探索。“devote oneself to ...”是固定搭配,意为“投身于……”,此处指代主语“Many intelligent people”,应用反身代词。故填themselves。
【3题详解】
考查形容词。句意:尽管导致宇航员遇难的致命太空灾难让他们感到失望。“make sb. + adj.”结构中,形容词作宾语补足语,此处修饰人(them),表示“感到失望的”,应用-ed形式形容词。故填disappointed。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意:由于缺乏重力(在缺乏重力的情况下),他们的肌肉变得无力。此处表示原因,可用介词for,也可理解为“在……的情况下”用through,句首首字母大写。故填For/Through。
【5题详解】
考查连词。句意:他们必须把所有东西都粘好,否则东西就会到处漂浮。此处表示“否则、要不然”的转折后果,应用连词otherwise或or。故填otherwise/or。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,人们探索太空的渴望从未熄灭。名词“desire”后常接不定式作后置定语,表示“……的渴望”。故填to explore。
【7题详解】
考查副词。句意:中国是第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。此处修饰动词“send”,需用副词形式,“independent”的副词形式为independently。故填independently。
【8题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意:有些人认为我们应该停止在太空探索上浪费时间和金钱,这实际上是一种肤浅的观点。非限制性定语从句的关系代词“which”指代前面整个句子,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式,且句子为一般现在时。故填is。
【9题详解】
考查形容词。句意:我们应该找到一个新家园,为不断增长的人口提供供给。此处修饰名词“population”,表示“不断增长的”,应用现在分词转化的形容词increasing。故填increasing。
【10题详解】
考查冠词。句意:最后,我们非常重视解开太空的奥秘,并将继续进行太空探索。“mystery of space”特指“太空的奥秘”,表示独一无二的事物,应用定冠词。故填the。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 disappointed adj. 失望的,沮丧的(disappoint vt. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望,沮丧)
【11题答案】
【答案】disappointing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:尽管被监控可能会令人沮丧和失望,但事实证明这实际上对你有好处。句中“and”连接并列的表语,前面的“frustrating”是形容词,意为“令人沮丧的”,空处也需要填入形容词形式,动词disappoint变形为形容词形式disappointing“令人失望的”,用来描述事物的性质。故填disappointing。
【12题答案】
【答案】 ①. What made them disappointed##What disappointed them ②. which made them disappointed##which disappointed them
【解析】
【详解】考查句型转换。句意:令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐没有成功。To their disappointment含义为“令他们失望的是”,“使某人失望”还可以用make somebody disappointed或disappoint somebody表示;根据提示,要求将该部分转换为what引导的主语从句以及定语从句,分析第一个空白处,使用连接代词what连接主语从句,可以使用“主谓宾”结构或“主谓宾宾补”结构,可转换为:What made them disappointed或What disappointed them;分析第二个空白处,因前面整个句子是定语从句的先行词,所以使用关系代词which引导定语从句,可以使用“主谓宾”结构或“主谓宾宾补”结构,可转换为:which made them disappointed或which disappointed them,故填:What made them disappointed/What disappointed them;which made them disappointed/which disappointed them。
2 desire n. 渴望;欲望;愿望 vt. 渴望;期望(desirable adj. 值得做的)
【13题答案】
【答案】to pursue
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管她童年时就有探索世界的梦想,并学习了国际商务,渴望在多伦多追求一份事业,但找工作比她预期的要难得多。根据句意可知,此处表示“做某事的渴望”,固定搭配:with a desire to do sth.怀着做某事的愿望/渴望做某事,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to pursue。
【14题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:这将激发他们理解并与信息互动的欲望。根据固定搭配desire to do sth.“做某事的欲望”可知,此处用不定式作后置定语,修饰抽象名词desire。故填to。
【15题答案】
【答案】(should) be held
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:我们希望这类有意义的活动能定期举办。根据句意和提示词“hold”可知,动词desire后接宾语从句时,从句需使用虚拟语气,结构为(should) + 动词原形;同时,activities(活动)与hold(举办)之间是被动关系,hold的过去分词是held,其被动语态为be held,符合语境。故填(should) be held。
【16题答案】
【答案】have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn Chinese well
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“强烈渴望学好汉语”。句子描述现在的状态,用一般现在时。“强烈渴望做某事”翻译为have a strong desire to do sth.或strongly desire to do sth.,主语是you,谓语动词填原形;“学好汉语”翻译为learn Chinese well。故填have a strong desire/strongly desire to learn Chinese well。
3 lack vt. 缺乏;缺少;没有 n. 缺乏;短缺(lacking adj. 不足的;缺乏的)
【17题答案】
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:打盹和做白日梦是由于缺乏对学习材料的投入而导致的习惯。固定搭配lack of +名词“缺乏……”。故填of。
【18题答案】
【答案】(a) lack of exercise
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、名词。由所给句意可知,空格处应表达“缺乏锻炼”,表示“缺乏”用固定短语(a) lack of。表示“锻炼”用exercise,作(a) lack of的宾语。故填(a) lack of exercise。
【19题答案】
【答案】he seems to lack/be lacking in confidence
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“他似乎缺乏自信”。句子描述客观状态,用一般现在时。“似乎做某事”翻译为seem to do sth.,主语是he,谓语动词用单数;“缺乏自信”翻译为lack confidence或be lacking in confidence。故填he seems to lack/be lacking in confidence。
4 argue vt. & vi. 争论;争辩;论证(argument n. 争论;争吵;辩论;论点;论据)
【20题答案】
【答案】argument
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:毋庸置疑,中国宇航员为世界太空探索做出了巨大贡献。介词beyond后需要接名词作宾语,动词argue应变形为名词形式argument,不可数名词,表示“争论;争辩”。固定搭配beyond argument“无可争辩;毋庸置疑”。故填argument。
【21题答案】
【答案】 ①. argue him into accepting my opinion ②. it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处需分别填写“说服他接受我的意见”和“和他争论这个问题没有用”;句子描述过去的经历,时态为一般过去时;①“说服某人做某事”用固定搭配argue sb. into doing sth.,在intended to后用动词原argue;“接受我的意见”译为accepting my opinion,在介词into后用动名词形式accepting。②用固定句型it is no use doing sth.(做某事没有用),因句子描述过去的事,时态为一般过去时,故is变为was;“和他争论这个问题”译为arguing with him about/over the issue,在句型中作主语,用动名词形式arguing,“争论某事”用argue with sb. about/over sth.表达。故填①argue him into accepting my opinion②it was no use arguing with him about/over the issue。
【22题答案】
【答案】 ①. argue for the ban on using ②. argue that banning phones at school is unnecessary
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、宾语从句、非谓语动词及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“支持关于使用……禁令”和“认为在学校禁止使用手机是不必要的”。句子描述客观观点,用一般现在时。“支持禁令”翻译为argue for the ban on doing sth.;“使用”翻译为using;“认为……”翻译为argue that从句,宾语从句中“在学校禁止使用手机”翻译为banning phones at school,动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数,“是不必要的”翻译为is unnecessary。故填argue for the ban on using;argue that banning phones at school is unnecessary。
5 attach vt. 系;绑;贴;把……固定;重视(attached adj. 附属于;所附的;依恋的,爱慕的 attachment n. 附件;附属品;依恋)
【23题答案】
【答案】attached
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:随着时间的流逝,克莱尔似乎更依恋机器人托尼了。此空为形容词作表语,attach的形容词为attached意为“依恋;爱慕”符合句意。故填attached。
【24题答案】
【答案】(which is) attached to the e-mail
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表示“附在这封电子邮件中的”;从句描述邮件的当前状态,用一般现在时;句子中修饰的名词是the article(文章),而attach(附着)这个动作的逻辑是“文章被附在邮件上”,文章是动作的承受者,而非发出者,当动作的承受者作为被修饰/陈述的对象时,英语中需要使用被动语态,即“be + 过去分词”结构,attach的过去分词形式为attached;“附在这封电子邮件中的”可表达为定语从句which is attached to the e-mail,或省略关系代词和be动词,直接用过去分词短语attached to the e-mail作后置定语。故填(which is) attached to the e-mail。
【25题答案】
【答案】You can never attach too much importance to reading
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和短语。主语为you;此处表示“强调”短语为attach importance to,后跟名词reading作宾语,且can后跟动词原形;且为“否定词+too much”,构成双重否定,表示肯定,表示“再……也不为过”。故填You can never attach too much importance to reading。
【26题答案】
【答案】attached it to the trees
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。短语“把……拴在树上”为“attach...to...”,作并列谓语;使用代词it指代“hammock”,“树”为复数名词,需要特指,为“the trees”;根据“took out”可知,attach使用一般过去时,故填attached it to the trees。
6 result in导致;造成
【27题答案】
【答案】 ①. resulting from ②. result in ③. As a result
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、情态动词及非谓语动词。句意:因缺乏沟通而产生的误解,如果处理不当,可能会导致更严重的问题。因此,我们应该掌握足够的沟通技巧。根据汉语提示及“Misunderstandings ... lack of communication”可知,第一空表示“由……产生/起因于”,作后置定语,应使用resulting from;第二空根据“may ... more serious problems”可知,此处表示“导致”,情态动词may后接动词原形,应使用result in;第三空设空处后是完整的句子,表示“因此”,应使用短语as a result,位于句首首字母大写。故填resulting from;result in;As a result。
【28题答案】
【答案】but also it will result in mutual understanding and friendship
【解析】
【详解】考查并列结构、时态和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表示“还将带来相互理解和友谊”;前半句用Not only will ... 倒装结构,后半句需用but also ... 引出并列内容,保持句式平衡;前半句为将来时will provide,后半句也用将来时will result in,体现动作发生在将来;避免重复,主语the activity用it来指代,“带来”的英文表达为result in(侧重“导致、促成”的结果),“相互理解”的英文表达为mutual understanding,“和友谊”的英文表达为and friendship。故填but also it will result in mutual understanding and friendship。
7 run out用完;耗尽(物作主语,无被动语态)
【29题答案】
【答案】 ①. running after; ②. running out of; ③. ran across; ④. running out
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位渴望成为作家的女性为寻找灵感偶遇一位陷入人生困境的陌生人的经历。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意:在追求成为作家的梦想时,她常常发现自己正耗尽灵感。结合题目要求可知,表示“追求”用动词短语run after,while引导的时间状语从句中,主语与主句主语she一致且含有be动词,可省略主语和be动词,用现在分词形式作状语;run是“重读闭音节”单词,且末尾是辅音字母,变现在分词时,要双写末尾辅音字母n,再加ing。故填running after。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意同上。结合题目要求可知,表示“耗尽(某物)”用动词短语run out of,此处为find sb. doing sth.结构,表示“发现某人正在做某事”,用现在分词形式作宾语补足语;run是“重读闭音节”单词,且末尾是辅音字母,变现在分词时,要双写末尾辅音字母n,再加ing。故填running out of。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:为了寻找灵感,她前往一个偏远的村庄,在那里偶遇了一位钱财即将耗尽、正面临财务困境的陌生人。结合题目要求可知,表示“偶遇”用动词短语run across,句子描述过去发生的事情,主句went为一般过去时,定语从句时态保持一致,run的过去式为ran。故填ran across。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意同上。结合题目要求可知,表示“(某物)被耗尽”用动词短语run out,run out是主动形式表被动含义,主语通常是“被耗尽的事物”(如money, time, supplies),不需要被动语态,此处过去进行时was running out表示“(钱)正在被花光”;run是“重读闭音节”单词,且末尾是辅音字母,变现在分词时,要双写末尾辅音字母n,再加ing。故填running out。
8 otherwise的用法
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来,否则所有的东西都会飘走。
【30题答案】
【答案】she would not be so worried about you now
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“她现在就不会这么担心你了”;句子中otherwise(否则)引导虚拟语气,表达与现在事实相反的假设,故谓语用“would + 动词原形”结构;“担心”用固定短语be worried about,在虚拟语气中变为would not be so worried about;you在句中作介词about的宾语;now在句中作时间状语。故填she would not be so worried about you now。
【31题答案】
【答案】we would have given you a hand
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我们会帮你的”;句子描述与过去事实相反的假设,“otherwise”引导含蓄虚拟语气,对过去情况进行虚拟时,谓语动词需使用“would have done”结构;“帮你”译为give you a hand,结合虚拟语气的结构要求,动词“give”要变为“have given”的形式。故填we would have given you a hand。
【32题答案】
【答案】otherwise/or we will miss the last bus
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。“否则”使用连词otherwise/or,连接前后的并列句子,后句主语“我们”we,“错过”miss,后句描述将来的动作,应用一般将来时,即will miss,后接宾语“末班车”the last bus。故填otherwise/or we will miss the last bus.。
9 动名词(短语)作主语
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先,太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
【33题答案】
【答案】is
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:保持敏锐且坚定的心态是成功所需要的条件。根据句意可知,此处句子的主语是动名词短语Keeping a keen and determined mind,动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词需用单数形式;句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,结合提示词be可知,此处填is符合语境。故填is。
【34题答案】
【答案】Reading regularly is a habit
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词及时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“定期阅读是一种习惯”。句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时。“定期阅读”翻译为read regularly;“一种习惯”翻译为a habit;动名词短语Reading regularly作主语,be动词用is,且位于句首首字母大写。故填Reading regularly is a habit。
【35题答案】
【答案】 ①. It is no use arguing with him about this issue ②. it is a waste of time playing computer games
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和it作形式主语的用法。句意:和他争论这个问题是没有用的,因为他并不认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。第一空,固定句型It is no use doing sth.表示“做某事是没有用的”,其中it作形式主语,真正的主语是动名词短语,句首单词首字母大写。“和他争论这个问题”译为“arguing with him about this issue”。第二空,固定句型it is a waste of time doing sth.表示“做某事是浪费时间”,其中it作形式主语,真正的主语是动名词短语。“玩电脑游戏”译为“playing computer games”。故填①It is no use arguing with him about this issue;②it is a waste of time playing computer games。
【36题答案】
【答案】His failing in the exam again
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“他考试不及格”应用his failing in the exam,此处为动名词的复合结构作主语;表示“又一次”应用again。故填His failing in the exam again。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
【37~39题答案】
【答案】37. n. 监督员
38. vt. 提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)
39. n. 常客
【解析】
【37题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:政府监督员将继续陪同记者。monitors前有Government修饰,且在句中作主语,为可数名词复数;结合“accompany reporters”可知,此处指履行监督职责的人员,monitors意为“监督员”。故填:n.监督员。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:凯瑟琳・怀特黑德说:“我们向妈妈提出了合住一所房子的想法。”floated在句中作谓语,为及物动词;结合“the idea of sharing a house”可知,此处指将想法告知他人以供考虑,floated意为“提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)”。故填:vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:她对一切都不满意,事事都不对,我很惊讶她成了一位“常客”。regular前有不定冠词a修饰,为名词;结合语境可知,此处指频繁出现或常去某处的人,regular意为“常客”。故填:n.常客。
(二)
1. launch
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. A 41. C
42. B 43. D
【解析】
【40题详解】
考查动词义辨析。句意:据证实,中国明年将发射更多的宇宙飞船去月球。根据“more spacecrafts(更多宇宙飞船)”以及语境可知,这里描述的是将航天器送入太空的动作,结合选项可知,应该是“发射”,launch在句中作及物动词,词义为“发射”。故选A。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:警方已经对这起案件发起了调查,这在全国范围内引起了极大关注。根据“an investigation into the case(对案件的调查)”以及“The police(警方)”可知,这里描述的是警方组织开展调查活动,结合选项可知,应该是“发动,发起(尤指有组织的活动)”,launch在句中作及物动词,词义为“发动,发起”。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:《游手好闲者》杂志于1993年由汤姆・霍金森发行……。根据“The Idler(《游手好闲者》,刊物名)”以及语境可知,这里描述的是一本刊物首次推向公众的动作,结合选项可知,应该是“(首次)上市,发行”,launch在句中作及物动词,词义为“(首次)上市,发行”。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:产品上市后,因其便捷高效的优越性能赢得了顾客的好评。根据“After the ... of the products(产品的……之后)”以及语境可知,这里描述的是产品推向市场的这一事件名词,结合选项可知,应该是“(产品的)上市”,launch在句中作名词,词义为“(产品的)上市”。故选D。
2. current
【44~47题答案】
【答案】44. C 45. B
46. D 47. A
【解析】
【44题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:她顶着湍急的水流和寒风,大约每三分钟就声嘶力竭地呼救。currents作介词against的宾语,是名词,结合“Fighting against the strong ... and cold wind”的语境可知,此处指自然界的水流,因此currents意为“水流”。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:众所周知,中国当前流通的货币是人民币。current修饰名词money,为形容词,结合“the current money in China is Renminbi”的语境可知,此处指正在市场上流通的,因此current意为“流通的”。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:我们应该尽力顺应时代的潮流。current作介词with的宾语,是名词,结合“go with the current of the times”的语境可知,此处指社会发展的趋势,因此current意为“潮流”。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:当前的观点认为,肥胖与其说是心理问题,不如说是医学问题。current修饰名词thinking,为形容词,结合“obesity is more a medical than a psychological problem”的语境可知,此处指当前的观点,因此current 意为“现在的;当前的”。故选A。
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【48题答案】
【答案】determined
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:史密斯先生决心去那座大城市闯荡一番。固定搭配“be determined to do sth.”表示“决心做某事”,此处“determined”是由动词“determine”转化而来的形容词,意为“坚定的;有决心的”,在句中作表语。故填determined。
【49题答案】
【答案】to earn
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个年轻人毕业后强烈渴望靠自己谋生。固定搭配“have a desire to do sth.”表示“渴望做某事”,此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词“desire”,说明渴望的具体内容。“earn”是动词,意为“挣得;谋生”,此处应使用其不定式形式“to earn”。故填to earn。
【50题答案】
【答案】argument
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们就看哪部电影进行了激烈的争论。结合空前的a可知,此处应填名词单数作宾语,argument争论,名词,故填argument。
【51题答案】
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:飞机起降时,机上所有乘客都应系好安全带。on board为固定搭配,意为“在飞机上”。故填on。
【52题答案】
【答案】would have got
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:他很明智地承认了自己的所作所为,否则他就会陷入一连串的麻烦了。根据“It was wise of him ...”可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句if he hadn’t admitted what he had done,主句谓语结构为would/could/might have + 过去分词,提示词get的过去分词为got。故填would have got。
【53题答案】
【答案】disappointment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做出母亲节早餐。根据句意可知,此处是固定结构to one’s + 名词,表示“令某人……的是”;结合提示词disappoint可知,将动词disappoint变为名词形式disappointment,意为“失望”,此处表示不可数,符合语境。故填disappointment。
【54题答案】
【答案】global
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:不可否认,人类活动对全球气候有巨大影响。空后是名词climate“气候”,此处需用形容词来修饰,名词globe变形为形容词形式global,表示“全球的;全世界的”。故填global。
【55题答案】
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:后来,他似乎耗尽了财富,最终失去了所有财产。根据“run out ... fortune”可知,此处考查固定搭配run out of,意思是“用完,耗尽”。故填of。
【56题答案】
【答案】to be completed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:将于明年完工的机场必将给当地发展带来诸多益处。“will bring about”为谓语,complete应用非谓语形式;根据时间状语next year可知,动作发生在将来,且airport与complete之间是被动关系,因此用不定式的被动形式to be completed作后置定语,修饰The airport。故填to be completed。
【57题答案】
【答案】Being exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和语态。句意:即使短时间暴露在有毒气体中也会引发一系列健康问题。根据句意可知,此处需要作句子主语的成分,用动名词形式,且“暴露”这一动作是被动含义(人“被暴露”在有毒气体中),因此要用动名词的被动形式Being exposed,exposed是提示词expose的过去分词形式。故填Being exposed。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——太空探索
【58题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Humans have always been desiring to explore space. Recently, students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.
30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile, thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life. We have spent too much money on space exploration which could otherwise have been used to deal with the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution. On the other hand, 70% attach importance to space exploration, believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits, such as using satellites for communication and the weather forecast.
As far as I am concerned, space exploration is worth conducting. With the limited resources running out on the earth, we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage. Besides, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生围绕“太空探索是否值得”介绍班级讨论情况并表达个人观点。
【详解】1.词汇积累
讨论:discussion → debate
分裂的;意见不一的:divided → conflicting
不值得的:not worthwhile → not worthy
宝贵的:invaluable → precious
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile, thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life.
拓展句:30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile, thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life, which means we can hardly get direct benefits from it.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】They believe we spend too much money on it, and this money can be used to solve practical problems on Earth.(运用了宾语从句与并列句)
【高分句型2】Although it costs a lot, its long-term benefits are invaluable.(运用了Although引导的让步状语从句)
【完成句子】
【59题答案】
【答案】Humans have always been desiring to explore space.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定搭配和名词。句子描述从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成进行时;“人类”译为humans,作主语,句首首字母大写;“一直”用have always been体现动作的持续性;“渴望做某事”用固定搭配desire to do ...,此处用现在完成进行时have been desiring ,强调“从过去到现在一直渴望”的状态;“探索太空”译为explore space。故译为Humans have always been desiring to explore space.
【60题答案】
【答案】Recently, students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定搭配和宾语从句。“最近”译为recently,常与现在完成时连用,强调对现在的影响,句首单词首字母大写;students in our class作主语,“展开了激烈的讨论”用固定搭配have had a heated argument,主语是复数,故助动词用have;“关于……的讨论”用介词about 引出讨论内容,后接宾语从句;“是否”用whether引导,从句需用陈述语序;“值得探索”用固定搭配be worth doing,space为单数,故用is worth exploring,且从句描述客观事实,用一般现在时。故翻译为Recently, students in our class have had a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.
【61题答案】
【答案】30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile, thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定搭配和宾语从句。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“30%的学生”英文为30% of the students,作主语,谓语动词用原形argue;“认为”用argue that ...引导宾语从句;“太空探索”译为space exploration,作从句主语;“不值得”用not worthwhile表达;“太空离我们的日常生活太远了”用现在分词短语thinking space is too far away from our daily life作伴随状语,thinking与主语30% of the students为主动关系,也表伴随动作。故翻译为30% of the students argue that space exploration is not worthwhile, thinking space is too far away from us and our daily life.
【62题答案】
【答案】We have spent too much money on space exploration which could otherwise have been used to deal with the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、语态、虚拟语气和动词短语。根据汉语意思可知,句中“在太空探索上花钱”是从过去持续到现在的行为,其结果是“钱已经被花掉了,无法再用于解决地球问题”,这正是对现在的直接影响,用现在完成时;“我们在太空探索上花了太多钱”译为We have spent too much money on space exploration,spend的过去分词形式为spent;“要不然”用otherwise体现含蓄虚拟语气,动词短语“被用来解决”译为be used to deal with,结合题目要求,otherwise在此引导的含蓄虚拟条件句,是对过去情况的虚拟,可用could have been used结构,use的过去分词形式为used;“要不然(这些钱)可以被用来解决”可用定语从句(money ...) which could otherwise have been used to deal with ... 来表示,修饰先行词money,which在从句中作主语;“地球上的饥饿和污染等问题”译为the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution。故翻译为We have spent too much money on space exploration which could otherwise have been used to deal with the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.
【63题答案】
【答案】70% attach importance to space exploration, believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits, such as using satellites for communication and the weather forecast.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、动词短语、非谓语动词和宾语从句。根据句意可知,主句用一般现在时(描述现在的观点),从句用现在完成时(描述到现在为止的结果);“70%的人”译为70% of people;attach构成固定搭配attach importance to表示“重视、认为……重要”;“太空探索”译为space exploration;“相信……”用believing that ...,believing是现在分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语是70% of people,在believing这个非谓语动词之后,跟了一个由that引导的从句,用来作believing的宾语,说明“相信”的具体内容;结合题目要求,“探索太空”译为exploring space,“带来了很多好处”译为has resulted in a lot of benefits,result in表示“导致、带来”,后接名词或动名词作宾语,动名词短语exploring space作主语,谓语动词用单数形式has resulted in。;“例如”可用such as来表示;“将卫星用于通信和天气预报”用动名词短语作宾语using satellites for communication and weather forecast。故翻译为70% attach importance to space exploration, believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits, such as using satellites for communication and the weather forecast.
【64题答案】
【答案】With the limited resources running out on the earth, we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage.
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构、固定搭配和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“随着地球上有限的资源逐渐耗尽”使用with复合结构“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”表达,其中“有限的资源”译为the limited resources,“逐渐耗尽”用run out的现在分词形式running out,“在地球上”译为on the earth;“我们必须找到”译为we must find,must后接动词原形;“解决能源短缺问题的新方法”译为new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage。故翻译为With the limited resources running out on the earth, we must find new ways to settle the problem of energy shortage.
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【太空事故】
【65~69题答案】
【答案】65. were numb with shock;
66. So stunned was the president that;
67. unable to utter a word;
68 the desire to explore the universe;
69. were determined to figure out the reason and carry on their research
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了全国人民听闻宇航员遇难后的震惊反应,以及灾难虽令人悲伤,但人们探索宇宙、为人类做贡献的决心与行动并未停止。
【65题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。根据汉语意思可知,此处需表示“惊呆了”;“惊呆的、麻木的”使用固定短语numb with shock,numb在此处作形容词,with shock表示原因;根据上下文语境,故事描述的是过去发生的事件,且主语people为集合名词,故be动词用过去式were。故填were numb with shock。
【66题详解】
考查时态和倒装句。结合题目要求,此处需用倒装结构来表示“总统如此震惊,以至于”;用来描述过去的状态,用一般过去时表示;“总统如此震惊,以至于”英文表达的正常语序为The president was so stunned that,用so ... that ... 来引导结果状语从句;但当形容词stunned(震惊的)与so连用置于句首时,首字母要大写,主句需进行部分倒装,把be动词(was)提到主语the president之前,即倒装结构为“So + 形容词(stunned) + be动词(was) + 主语(the president) + that从句”。故填So stunned was the president that。
【67题详解】
考查形容词短语。结合题目要求,此处需用形容词短语作状语来表示“一句话也说不出来”;unable to表示“不能……”,utter a word表示“说一句话”,此时形容词短语unable to utter a word作伴随状语,符合语境。故填unable to utter a word。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。根据汉语意思可知,此处需表示“探索宇宙的愿望”;名词desire意为“愿望”,在句中作主语;“探索宇宙”用不定式to explore the universe作后置定语,修饰desire,表“去探索宇宙的愿望”;这里特指人类探索宇宙的这一愿望,所以名词desire前用定冠词the。故填the desire to explore the universe。
【69题详解】
考查时态、动词短语和非谓语动词。根据汉语意思可知,此处需表示“决心找出原因,继续研究”;“决心做某事”使用固定短语be determined to do sth;“找出原因”译为figure out the reason,“继续研究”译为carry on their research,“找出原因”和“继续研究”,是两个并列的不定式,它们共用前面的to,第二个不定式常省略to,用and连接;结合上下文时态,主语Scientists and astronauts为复数,故be动词用过去式were。故填were determined to figure out the reason and carry on their research。
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