内容正文:
必修第三册
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
Li Hua, an energetic medical student, was walking by a kindergarten ____1____ an accident happened. A pregnant woman tripped over a fallen pole and fainted. As she saw this, her first response was ____2____ (conduct) first aid, but a passer-by whispered to her “Think twice.” She was in a moral dilemma. After a short ____3____ (hesitate), she chose to send the woman to a clinic. A physician who had just retired came to assist her. However, her mother spoke sharp words and complained about this for fear of blackmail (敲诈). Li Hua became ____4____ (scare). She had no income, savings or insurance. What if the woman asked her for a great deal of money? Maybe she could earn tuition fees or work as a waitress in a nearby café. Her scholarship might also help. A chain of terrible thoughts ____5____ (flash) through her mind, she was almost in despair, and therefore could not sleep ____6____ midnight. Her father’s words carried her through the hard time. “Patients tend to entrust a doctor with life and a doctor will save a patient with all the might. What is ____7____ (precious) than life? How can you reject your duty and ignore your principles?” The following day, she found the pregnant woman’s husband waiting in front of her classroom. Instead of accusing her, he thanked Li Hua again and again in tears. Immediately, her tension ____8____ (replace) with pride. Maybe it was that inner sense of responsibility ____9____ made Li Hua get promoted and make ____10____ (contribution) in her career as a doctor decades later.
突破核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 respond vt. 回答;回复vi. 做出反应;回应(response n. 回答;回复;反应)
11. The union made no ________ (respond) to my application for a scholarship, which made me in despair. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12. 每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。
Every time I asked him for advice, ________________.
(2024上海6月,书面表达)
13. 我写信是为了回复你的寻求关于如何说服你的父母允许你做饭的建议的来信。
I’m writing ________ seeking advice on how to convince your parents to allow you to cook.
2 appoint vt. 任命;委派(appointment n. 约会;预约;任命;委任appointed adj. 约定的;指定的)
14. I have something urgent to handle and therefore, I will appoint my brother ________ (meet) you at the airport. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15. At the ________ (appoint) time we heard the jeep from the embassy at the gate of our house. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16. 得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
Learning that ________ the student council, I sincerely congratulate you.
17. 很抱歉我不能陪你去书店,因为我已经预约了牙医。
I am terribly sorry for not accompanying you to the bookstore, ________.
3 tend vt. 照顾;照料vi. 倾向;趋于(tendency n. 趋势;趋向)
(2026·浙江1月)
18. Even when I’m planning classes, I tend ________ (think) about how I can bring in my hobbies. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
19. Tending ________ plants is an exercise in patience and learning. (用适当的词填空)
20. 此外,做暑期工的青少年往往更加自信,因为他们知道自己能够承担责任。
In addition, teens who hold summer jobs ________ because they learn that they are able to be responsible.
4 scare vt. 惊吓;使害怕 vi. 受惊吓(scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj. 吓人的;恐怖的)
21. After watching a ________________(scare) film in the cinema, she was scared ________________walking home alone and therefore, she called a taxi. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22. 新年期间的一个古老习俗是燃放爆竹,据说这是为了吓跑年兽。
One of the old customs during the New Year is setting off firecrackers, ________ the monster Nian.
23. 当我意识到那头熊要回来攻击我们的时候,我几乎要吓死了。
When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us, ________________.
24. 意识到自己的错误后,我胆怯地低下了头,不敢看父亲的阴沉的脸。(读后续写之心理描写)
Having realized my mistake, I bowed my head timidly, ________.(形容词短语作状语)
5 assist vt. 帮助;援助(assistance n. 帮助;援助 assistant n. 助手;助理)
25. I am writing to convey my sincere gratitude to your shop ________ who came to my ________ when I fainted in your shop.(assist)(所给词的适当形式填空)
26. 正是在你的慷慨帮助下,我成功地赢得了选举,并被任命为学生会主席。
________ I succeeded in winning the election and was appointed as chairman of the student council. (强调句式)
27. 作为对你上封信的回复,我确保我会在英语口语方面帮你。首先,我会帮你改正你的发音。
In response to your last letter, I make sure that I will ________________. Firstly, I will ________________.
6 harm n. & vt. 伤害;损害(harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的)
28. The physician says that the medicine is harmful ________________ children but ________________ (harm) to adults. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29. 沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此,戒掉它没有害处。
Being addicted to online games ________________ our physical and mental health. Therefore,________________.
7 “否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
30. The judge exclaimed, “Your story is perfect and I’ve never heard a ________ (good) one.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
31. 对我们来说,没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更有意义了。(读后续写之升华句)
To us, nothing is ________ to those in trouble.
32. “我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了!”妈妈激动地回答道。
“________________!” the mother responded excitedly.
8 the+序数词+n. + to do
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
33. There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ (contact) you failed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34. 我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance ________________.
35. 我强烈推荐李华作为我们的代表。李华是唯一一个在托福考试中取得满分的学生,因此他有能力与外国客人进行有效沟通。所以,我坚信他是承担这项任务的最佳候选人。(应用文写作之推荐信)
I strongly recommend Li Hua as our representative, who is the only student ________ in the TOEFL exam and thus has the ability ________. Therefore, I firmly believe that he is the best candidate ________.
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
1. (2022·全国甲卷)3. (2022·全国乙卷)
熟词生义——活用词性得新义
36. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ________
37. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. ________
38. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. ________
39. The dog was chained to the leg of one solid garden seat. ________
40. When we tear one page from the calendar, it means our life has been shortened by one day. ________
41. I think the moral of the story is to let people mind their own behaviors. ________
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
1. (2023·浙江1月卷)4. (2023·全国甲卷)5. (2021·北京卷)6. (2023·浙江1月卷)
sharp
A. adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的 B. adj. 敏锐的 C. adj. 锋利的 D. adj. 引人入胜的 E. adj. 急转的 F. adj. 突然而响亮的
42. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d slid down the trunk and was back on the ground. ________
43. Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town. ________
44. I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. ________
45. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. ________
46. I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes, who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. ________
47. It was not until the moment she got closer that I saw the raspberries held in her sharp mouth. ________
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
48. It is typical of him to respond ________ others' requests in spite of his own business. (用适当的词填空)
49. Never have I experienced a ________ (exciting) moment than now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. His colleagues assisted him ________ (decorate) the house for his wedding. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. We appointed her ________ (represent) us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. The ________ (major) of them are in favor of my proposal while a minority are against it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53. The moment the boss arrived, the joyful atmosphere was replaced ________ a serious one. (用适当的词填空)
54. After all, it is immoral to take advantage of others’ weaknesses to do harm _______ them. (用适当的词填空)
55. The most ________ (energy) and significant festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. (所给词的适当形式填空)
56. The saying “Once ________(bite), twice shy” is a classic portrayal(写照)of how people can be affected by shadows. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. (适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——优秀品行
(2023·全国甲)
58. 你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 人物简介及事迹;
2. 意义或启示。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
59. 当谈到中国的历史人物,没有比孔子更著名的了。(否定词+比较级)(汉译英)
___________________________________________
60. 孔子生于公元前551年,是一位哲学家、政治家和教育家,他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。(过去分词短语作状语;whose引导定语从句)(汉译英)
___________________________________________
61. 孔子是历史上第一个提倡人人都应有平等的受教育权的人。(the+序数词+n. +to do)(汉译英)
___________________________________________
62. 他的哲学思想影响深远,他的学生编撰了《论语》一书纪念他。 (so … that …;in memory of) (汉译英)
___________________________________________
63. 孔子的思想和理念在现代社会中仍然有意义,提醒我们教育、道德价值和尊重他人的重要性。(现在分词短语作状语)(汉译英)
___________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
___________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【积极的人生态度】
Susan was caught in a car accident and fainted. She finally came to life after a chain of operations but went blind forever, ____64____. Scared to face the future, ____65____ (with复合结构). Seeing his wife ____66____ (分词短语作宾语补足语), her husband, Mark, was heartbroken. He tended her with great care and ____67____ and step out of such a passive dilemma. He bought her a guide dog, encouraged her to learn Braille and accompanied her to join in community activities. Gradually, ____68____. She whispered gently, “Mark, thank you. ____69____ (强调句).”
苏珊在一场车祸中晕倒了。经过一系列的手术后,她终于活了过来,却永远失明,这让她陷入了绝望的深渊。因为害怕面对未来,她经常掩面哭泣。看到妻子泪流满面,丈夫马克心碎了。他非常细心地照顾她,决心帮助她恢复力量和信心,走出困境。他给她买了一只导盲犬,鼓励她学习盲文,并陪她参加社区活动。渐渐地,苏珊的紧张情绪被自信所取代。她轻声说:“马克,谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。”
必修第三册
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. when
2. to conduct
3. hesitation
4. scared 5. flashing
6. until 7. more precious
8. was replaced
9. that 10. contributions
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了医学生李华在幼儿园附近偶遇孕妇晕倒,不顾路人劝阻和母亲担忧,果断施救并最终获得当事人感谢的故事,赞扬了她坚守医者责任与初心的品质。
【1题详解】
考查连词。句意:李华,一名精力充沛的医学生,正路过一所幼儿园,这时一场事故发生了。根据上下文语境,此处表示“正在做某事,这时突然……”,be doing ... when ... 为固定句型,表示“正在做某事,这时突然……”。故填when。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:看到这一幕,她的第一反应是实施急救,但一位路人低声对她说“三思而行”。本句已有谓语动词was,此处用不定式作表语,用于说明主语response的具体内容。故填to conduct。
【3题详解】
考查名词。句意:短暂犹豫之后,她选择把这位女士送到诊所。形容词short修饰名词,hesitate的名词形式是hesitation,不可数名词。故填hesitation。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意:李华感到害怕。系动词became后接形容词作表语,形容主语Lisa,“感到害怕的”用scared。故填scared。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:一连串可怕的想法闪过她的脑海,她几乎陷入绝望。本句已有谓语was,thoughts与flash为主动关系,用现在分词构成独立主格结构。故填flashing。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意:因此直到午夜都无法入睡。not ... until ... 为固定搭配,表示“直到……才……”。故填until。
【7题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:什么比生命更珍贵?根据空后than和空前系动词is可知,此处应用形容词precious的比较级,precious是多音节形容词,比较级形式为more precious。故填more precious。
【8题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:她的紧张立刻被自豪所取代。全文为一般过去时,her tension是主语,replace做谓语,her tension与replace为被动关系,表示她的紧张被所……取代,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为单数形式,用was,replace的过去分词为replaced。故填was replaced。
【9题详解】
考查强调句。句意:也许正是这种内心的责任感,让李华在数十年后得以晋升。It is/was ... that ... 为强调句型,此处强调主语that inner sense of responsibility。故填that。
【10题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:并在她的医生职业生涯中做出贡献。make contributions to为固定搭配,表示“为……做出贡献”,contribution用复数形式。故填contributions。
突破核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 respond vt. 回答;回复vi. 做出反应;回应(response n. 回答;回复;反应)
【11题答案】
【答案】response
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:协会对我的奖学金申请没有作出回应,这让我陷入绝望。空格前有形容词no,此处应填名词形式。respond的名词为response,意为“回应”,不可数名词。故填response。
【12题答案】
【答案】he would respond to/make a response to me immediately
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知,空处需填“他总是立即给我回复”,为主句;主语是he“他”,表示“过去常常做某事”用would do,“回复某人”表达为respond to sb./make a response to sb.,“立即”表达为immediately,作状语。故填he would respond to/make a response to me immediately。
(2024上海6月,书面表达)
【13题答案】
【答案】in response to your letter
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“为了回复你的来信”;“为了回复……”是固定短语in response to ...,后接名词或名词短语;“你的来信”翻译为your letter。故填in response to your letter。
2 appoint vt. 任命;委派(appointment n. 约会;预约;任命;委任appointed adj. 约定的;指定的)
【14题答案】
【答案】to meet
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我有急事要处理,因此,我将指派我弟弟去机场接你。根据固定搭配appoint sb. to do sth.“指派某人做某事”,此处应填不定式to meet。故填to meet。
【15题答案】
【答案】appointed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在约定的时间,我们在自家门口听到了大使馆那边吉普车的声音。根据句意和提示词“appoint”可知,此处应用过去分词appointed作定语修饰名词time,表“被约定的、预定的”,符合语境。故填appointed。
【16题答案】
【答案】you have been appointed as/to be chairman of
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“你已被任命为学生会主席”;“被任命为……”有两种常用表达:“be appointed as ...”或“be appointed to be ...”;句子描述过去发生且对现在有影响的动作,时态为现在完成时,此处主语是you,所以表达为have been appointed;“学生会主席”翻译为“chairman of the student council”。故填you have been appointed as/to be chairman of。
【17题答案】
【答案】for I have made an appointment with my dentist
【解析】
【详解】考查并列句、时态及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“因为我已经预约了牙医”;for是并列连词,用来补充说明原因,语气较弱;“预约牙医”翻译为make an appointment with my dentist;预约动作发生在过去且与现在有关联,因此用现在完成时have made。故填for I have made an appointment with my dentist。
3 tend vt. 照顾;照料vi. 倾向;趋于(tendency n. 趋势;趋向)
(2026·浙江1月)
【18题答案】
【答案】to think
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:即使在我备课的时候,我也倾向于思考如何把我的爱好融入其中。根据固定搭配tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”,此处应填动词不定式to think。故填to think。
(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)
【19题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:照料植物是一种锻炼耐心与学习的过程。根据固定搭配tend to“照料,照顾”可知,此处应填介词to。故填to。
【20题答案】
【答案】tend to/have a tendency to be more confident
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“往往更加自信”;句子陈述客观事实,时态为一般现在时;“往往……”有两种常见表达: tend to be ...:意为“倾向于、往往……”,后接形容词。 have a tendency to be ...:意为“有……的倾向”,后接形容词。 “更加自信”翻译为“more confident”。故填tend to/have a tendency to be more confident。
4 scare vt. 惊吓;使害怕 vi. 受惊吓(scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的 scary adj. 吓人的;恐怖的)
【21题答案】
【答案】 ①. scary ②. of
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和介词。句意:在电影院看完一部恐怖电影后,她害怕一个人走回家,因此,她叫了一辆出租车。第一空作定语,修饰名词film,表事物的特征,形容词scary“可怕的”符合题意;第二空涉及固定短语be scared of“害怕……”。故填scary;of。
【22题答案】
【答案】which is said to scare away/off
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、固定句型及动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“据说这是为了吓跑”;句子陈述客观习俗,时态为一般现在时;先行词为前面整句话,用which引导非限制性定语从句;“据说……”常用固定句型be said to do sth.;“吓跑”翻译为scare away/off,在句中作目的状语。故填which is said to scare away/off。
【23题答案】
【答案】I was nearly scared to death
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为I;表示“几乎吓死”短语为be nearly scared to death,根据上文realized可知为一般过去时。故填I was nearly scared to death。
【24题答案】
【答案】scared to look at/of looking at my father’s cloudy face
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语作伴随状语及固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“不敢看父亲阴沉的脸”;“胆怯地低下头”为谓语部分,空处需用形容词短语作伴随状语,表示主语当时的心理状态;“不敢做某事”常用表达为be scared to do sth./be scared of doing sth.,作状语时省略be动词,直接用形容词短语;“看父亲阴沉的脸”翻译为look at my father’s cloudy face。故填scared to look at/of looking at my father’s cloudy face。
5 assist vt. 帮助;援助(assistance n. 帮助;援助 assistant n. 助手;助理)
【25题答案】
【答案】 ①. assistant ②. assistance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和固定搭配。句意:我写信是为了向贵店在我晕倒时帮助了我的店员表达诚挚的感谢。第一空,根据语境,应填表示“助手、店员”的名词,assist的表示人的名词形式为assistant,此处特指帮助“我”的那个店员,用单数形式;第二空,根据固定搭配come to one’s assistance“帮助某人”,应填assist的表示帮助行为的名词assistance。故填assistant;assistance。
【26题答案】
【答案】It was with your generous assistance that
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“正是在你的慷慨帮助下”;强调句式的基本结构为It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其他,本句强调“在你的慷慨帮助下”,由“succeeded”可知,句子描述过去发生的事,时态为一般过去时,故用“It was ...”;“在你的慷慨帮助下”翻译为“with your generous assistance”,generous意为“慷慨的”,assistance意为“帮助”;句首单词首字母大写。故填It was with your generous assistance that。
【27题答案】
【答案】 ①. assist you with/in your oral English ②. assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和固定搭配。表示“在……方面帮助某人”应用assist sb with/in ...,位于助动词will后面,assist使用原形;表示“你”应用you;表示“你的英语口语”应用your oral English,第一空需填assist you with/in your oral English;表示“帮助某人做某事”应用assist sb. to do/in doing sth.,位于助动词will后面,使用动词原形;表示“改正”应用correct,此处使用动词不定式to correct,作宾语补足语或者动名词correcting,作介词宾语;表示“你的发音”应用your pronunciation,第二空需填assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation。故填①assist you with/in your oral English;②assist you to correct/in correcting your pronunciation。
6 harm n. & vt. 伤害;损害(harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的)
【28题答案】
【答案】 ①. to ②. harmless
【解析】
【详解】考查介词和形容词。句意:医生说这种药对儿童有害,但对成人无害。第一空为短语be harmful to表示“对……有害”;第二空作表语,表示“无害”应用形容词harmless。故填①to;②harmless。
【29题答案】
【答案】 ①. is harmful to/does harm to ②. there is no harm (in) getting rid of it
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定短语句型和时态。本题陈述事实,应使用一般现在时。表示“对……有害”的英语是固定短语be harmful to或者do harm to,此短语用于第一句中的谓语部分,主语Being addicted to online games是动名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数,因此,第一空格处要填is harmful to或者does harm to;第二句中“没有害处”应使用固定句型there is no harm (in) doing,“戒掉”的英语是动词短语get rid of,用动名词作介词in的宾语,因此,第二个空格处要填there is no harm (in) getting rid of it。故答案为is harmful to##does harm to;there is no harm (in) getting rid of it。
7 “否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义
To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了……
【30题答案】
【答案】better
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:法官惊叹道:“你的故事很完美,我从来没听过比这更好的故事。”否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义,good的比较级为better,意为“更好的”。故填better。
【31题答案】
【答案】more meaningful than passing on kindness
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“比传递善意更有意义了”;“更有意义”用形容词比较级more meaningful表达;“比……”用than引导,后接动名词短语;“传递善意”翻译为pass on kindness,放在than后,pass要改为动名词形式passing。故填more meaningful than passing on kindness。
【32题答案】
【答案】I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
【解析】
【详解】考查时态,比较级和固定短语。对比中英文可知设空处意思是“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了”,根据句意可知是到目前为止的一种结果,所以用现在完成时,主语“我”译为“I”,“从来没”用副词never,“吃更美味的早餐”译为“have a more delicious breakfast”,这里形容词用比较级,“比”译为“than”,“这个”译为“this one”,这里的one指代breakfast,故翻译为:I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one。
8 the+序数词+n. + to do
She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. 她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
【33题答案】
【答案】to contact
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在那个遥远的小山村没有信号,我多次尝试和你联系都没有成功。分析句子可知,空格处作后置定语,而attempts常跟不定式作后置定语。故填to contact。
【34题答案】
【答案】to strengthen each other’s understanding
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式和名词。根据句意,表示“增进”应为strengthen,表示“彼此的了解”应为each other’s understanding,此空为非谓语动词短语作定语修饰名词,根据chance to do sth.意为“……的机会”可知,此处应为不定式短语作定语。故填to strengthen each other’s understanding。
【35题答案】
【答案】 ①. to achieve a full score ②. to effectively communicate with foreign guests ③. to undertake this task
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,第一空应填“取得满分”,当名词前有“the only”等限定词修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语,“取得满分”翻译为“to achieve a full score”,不定式短语作后置定语修饰“the only student”;第二空应填“与外国客人进行有效沟通”,“有能力做某事”是固定结构“have the ability to do sth.”,空处填接不定式,“与……有效沟通”翻译为“effectively communicate with ...”,“外国客人”翻译为“foreign guests”;第三空应填“承担这项任务”,“做某事的最佳候选人”常用“the best candidate to do sth.”表达,用不定式作后置定语,“承担这项任务”翻译为“to undertake this task”。故填①to achieve a full score;②to effectively communicate with foreign guests;③to undertake this task。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
1. (2022·全国甲卷)3. (2022·全国乙卷)
【36~41题答案】
【答案】36. n. (咬下的)一口
37. adj. 微弱的
38. n. 运行;操作
39 vt. 用锁链拴住
40. vt. 撕掉 41. n. 寓意
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意:当你在每一口之间把它们放下时,一定要把它们一起放下,让它们与你面前的桌子边缘平行。bites位于介词between后,结合“put them down”(放下餐具)的用餐场景,此处指“(咬下的)一口”,是名词。故填:n.(咬下的)一口。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意:斯特拉诺的团队发现,他们可以产生一种微弱的光,持续三个半小时。faint修饰名词light,作定语,结合“light”(光)的语境,此处指“微弱的”,是形容词。故填:adj. 微弱的。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意:成本将被削减,各项运行操作将全面提高效率。operations与costs并列作主语,结合“more efficient”(更高效)的语境,此处指“运行;操作”,是名词。故填:n. 运行;操作。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意:这只狗被用锁链拴在一个坚固的花园座椅腿上。chained位于be动词后构成被动语态,结合“to the leg”(到椅腿上)的语境,此处指“用锁链拴住”,只有及物动词才有被动形式,是及物动词。故填:vt. 用锁链拴住。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意:当我们从日历上撕下一页时,意味着我们的生命又缩短了一天。tear作句子谓语,结合“one page from the calendar”(从日历上一页)的语境,此处指“撕掉”,后面直接加宾语page,是及物动词。故填:vt. 撕掉。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意:我认为这个故事的寓意是让人们注意自己的行为。moral位于定冠词the后,作主语,结合“of the story”(故事的)的语境,此处指“寓意”,是名词。故填:n. 寓意。
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
1. (2023·浙江1月卷)4. (2023·全国甲卷)5. (2021·北京卷)6. (2023·浙江1月卷)
【42~47题答案】
【答案】42. F 43. A
44. E 45. D
46. B 47. C
【解析】
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:突然,齐亚德发出一声尖锐的叫喊。几秒钟内,他从树干滑下来回到了地上。根据“let out a ... cry”可知,这里形容声音的特点,因此此处sharp意为“突然而响亮的”。故选F。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:最近全镇对园艺的兴趣出现了急剧下降。根据“a ... decline”可知,这里形容变化幅度大,因此此处sharp意为“(增长、下跌等)急剧的”。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:我正接近一个相当急的弯道,它向左下方倾斜。根据“bend”可知,这里形容道路转弯角度大,因此此处sharp意为“急转的”。故选E。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣、引人入胜的书,以看似简单的内容吸引读者,并逐渐引导他们深入思考欲望、孤独和衰老。根据“... book that draws readers in ...”可知,这里形容书很吸引人,因此此处sharp意为“引人入胜的”。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:我坐在一位有着敏锐眼睛的中年男子对面,他一直看着靠窗座位上抱着小男孩的年轻女子。根据“... eyes ... kept watching”可知,这里形容目光敏锐,因此此处sharp意为“敏锐的”。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:直到她走近,我才看到她锋利的嘴里叼着覆盆子。根据“mouth”可知,这里形容嘴部尖锐、锋利,因此此处sharp意为“锋利的”。故选C。
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【48题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:他总是不顾自己的事而答应别人的要求。respond to...“回应……,对……作出反应”,故填to。
【49题答案】
【答案】more exciting
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:我从未经历过比现在更激动人心的时刻。空处修饰表示事物的名词moment,要用修饰事物的形容词,exciting“令人激动的”,是形容词用来修饰事物,且句中有than表示比较,exciting的比较级为more exciting。故填more exciting。
【50题答案】
【答案】to decorate
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他的同事们帮他装饰婚房准备婚礼。根据“assisted him ...”可知,此处需要用动词不定式构成固定搭配assist sb. to do sth.,表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填to decorate。
【51题答案】
【答案】to represent
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们指派她代表我们在婚礼上送上祝福。根据固定搭配appoint sb. to do sth.可知,此处应填不定式形式。故填to represent。
【52题答案】
【答案】majority
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们中的大多数人赞成我的提议,而少数人反对。空格前有定冠词The,后有介词of,此处应填名词形式。major的名词为majority,意为“大多数”。故填majority。
【53题答案】
【答案】by##with
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:老板一到,欢乐的气氛就被一种严肃的气氛所取代。短语be replaced by/with表示“被……取代”。故填by/with。
【54题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:毕竟,利用别人的弱点去伤害他们是不道德的。此处为固定短语do harm to“伤害……”,to是介词。故填to。
【55题答案】
【答案】energetic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:最具活力和意义的节日是那些期待冬天结束、春天到来的节日。空格前有最高级the most,后有并列形容词significant,此处应填形容词形式。energy的形容词为energetic,意为“精力充沛的,充满活力的”。故填energetic。
【56题答案】
【答案】bitten
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:“一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳”这句谚语是人们如何被阴影影响经典写照。根据“Once___, twice shy”这一谚语结构可知,此处为省略了主语和be动词的被动语态结构,完整表达为“Once one is bitten”,因此需要用过去分词形式表示被动含义。故填bitten。
【57题答案】
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围,这样他的员工就可以从中享受到工作的乐趣。此处为定语从句修饰先行词an easy atmosphere,且先行词在从句中作地点状语,故要用where。故填where。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——优秀品行
(2023·全国甲)
【58题答案】
【答案】例文
When it comes to Chinese historical figures, no one is more famous than Confucius, who is widely known for his teachings and philosophy. Born in 551 BCE, Confucius was a philosopher, politician, and educator whose teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society. Confucius is the first person in history to advocate that everyone should have equal rights to be educated. His philosophy was so influential that a collection called Analects of Confucius was created by his students in memory of him. Confucius’ thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. The teachings and philosophies of Confucius are still relevant in modern society, reminding us of the importance of education, moral values, and respect for others.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以一位中国历史人物为题,向“用英文讲中国故事”征文活动投稿,内容包括人物简介及事迹、意义或启示。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的:famous→renowned
影响:impact→influence
应该:should →ought to
纪念:in memory of→in honor of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Confucius’ thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.
拓展句:Confucius’ thoughts, which were initially passed down through his disciples, have been developed into a complete system of philosophy known as Confucianism, emphasizing moral values and social harmony.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it comes to Chinese historical figures, no one is more famous than Confucius, who is widely known for his teachings and philosophy.(运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】His philosophy was so influential that a collection called Analects of Confucius was created by his students in memory of him.(运用了so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句)
【完成句子】
【59题答案】
【答案】When it comes to Chinese historical figures, no one is more famous than Confucius.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词最高级、固定句型、时态及固定短语。“当谈到……”,用固定句型when it comes to;“中国的历史人物”翻译为Chinese historical figures;“没有比……更……”用否定词no one + 比较级结构来表达最高级含义,“更著名的”翻译为more famous;主句描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是no one,be动词用is,因此“没有比孔子更著名的了”翻译为no one is more famous than Confucius。故翻译为When it comes to Chinese historical figures, no one is more famous than Confucius.
【60题答案】
【答案】Born in 551 BCE, Confucius was a philosopher, politician, and educator whose teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society.
【解析】
【详解】本句考查过去分词短语作状语、whose引导定语从句、时态及固定短语。“生于公元前551年”,与主句主语“孔子”Confucius构成被动关系,用过去分词短语Born in 551 BCE作状语;主句描述过去事实,用一般过去时,“是一位哲学家、政治家和教育家”翻译为Confucius was a philosopher, politician, and educator;“他的学说”用whose引导定语从句,指代先行词Confucius,翻译为whose teachings;从句表示从过去持续到现在的影响,用现在完成时,“对……产生了深远的影响”翻译为have had a lasting impact on;“中国文化和社会”翻译为Chinese culture and society。故翻译为Born in 551 BCE, Confucius was a philosopher, politician, and educator whose teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society.
【61题答案】
【答案】Confucius is the first person in history to advocate that everyone should have equal rights to be educated.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“孔子”译为Confucius,在句中作主语;“历史上第一个……的人”用固定结构the +序数词+ n. + to do,即the first person in history to advocate ...,其中不定式to advocate作后置定语,修饰the first person;advocate“提倡”后接宾语从句,用that引导,从句中“人人都应有平等的受教育权”译为everyone should have equal rights to be educated,其中“受教育权”用不定式to be educated“受教育的”作后置定语,修饰rights“权利”,“受教育”与“权利”之间是被动关系,故用被动形式。故翻译为Confucius is the first person in history to advocate that everyone should have equal rights to be educated.
【62题答案】
【答案】His philosophy was so influential that a collection called Analects of Confucius was created by his students in memory of him.
【解析】
【详解】考查结果状语从句、被动语态和固定短语。句子陈述过去的事实,用一般过去时;“他的哲学思想”译为His philosophy,作主语;要求用“so ... that ...”引导结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”,“影响深远”用so influential that...结构;从句中“《论语》一书”译为a collection called Analects of Confucius,其中called是过去分词作后置定语;“编撰了”是指过去的动作,《论语》是由学生编撰的,要用一般过去时的被动语态was created by his students;“纪念他”用固定短语in memory of him,作目的状语。故翻译为His philosophy was so influential that a collection called Analects of Confucius was created by his students in memory of him.
【63题答案】
【答案】The teachings and philosophies of Confucius are still relevant in modern society, reminding us of the importance of education, moral values, and respect for others.
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词短语作状语、固定搭配和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“孔子的思想和理念”在句中作主语,应用The teachings and philosophies of Confucius;“在现代社会中仍然有意义”用固定搭配be relevant in modern society,主语为复数,be动词用are;“提醒我们……的重要性”用现在分词短语作伴随状语,应用现在分词形式reminding,“提醒某人某事”用固定搭配remind sb. of sth.,“我们”作介词of的宾语,用宾格us;“教育、道德价值和尊重他人的重要性”应用the importance of education, moral values, and respect for others。故翻译为The teachings and philosophies of Confucius are still relevant in modern society, reminding us of the importance of education, moral values, and respect for others.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
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续写积累提能练
语料运用 【积极的人生态度】
【64~69题答案】
【答案】64. which threw her in the depth of despair
65. she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands
66. bathed in tears
67. determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence
68. Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence
69. It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了苏珊遭遇车祸失明后陷入绝望,在丈夫马克的悉心照顾与鼓励下,她逐渐走出阴霾,重拾自信的温暖故事。
【64题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。此处用which引导非限定性定语从句,指代前文“苏珊手术过后却永远失明”这一整件事;“使某人陷入……”表达为throw sb. in ...;“绝望的深渊”表达为the depth of despair。句子描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,throw的过去式是threw。故译为which threw her in the depth of despair。
【65题详解】
考查with复合结构。“with +宾语+宾补”结构中,宾语是her face,“埋在手里”与face是被动关系,用过去分词buried作宾补;“掩面哭泣/抽泣”表达为sob/weep with her face buried in her hands。句子描述过去的习惯性动作,用一般过去时,sob的过去式是sobbed,weep的过去式是wept。故译为she often sobbed/wept with her face buried in her hands。
【66题详解】
考查分词短语作宾语补足语。“泪流满面”即“沐浴在泪水中”,表达为bathed in tears;bathe在此处与宾语wife构成逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词bathed作补语,强调妻子当时的状态。故译为bathed in tears。
【67题详解】
考查并列谓语。连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词,由前一个谓语tended可知,此句为一般过去时,因此第二个谓语“决心”determine也需用动词过去式determined,与tended保持时态一致;“下定决心做某事”是determined to do sth.,“帮助她恢复力量和信心”为assist her to regain strength and confidence。故译为determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence。
【68题详解】
考查被动语态。“被……所取代”表达为be replaced by;“苏珊的紧张情绪”表达为Susan’s tension;“自信”表达为confidence。句子描述过去发生的变化,用一般过去时,tension是不可数名词,be动词用was。故译为Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence。
【69题详解】
考查强调句。英语强调句的基本结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +其他部分”。本句被强调部分是主语you,且时态为一般现在时,故用It is;连接词可用that也可用who。故译为It is you that/who carry me through the tough situation。
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