内容正文:
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
Competitive Sports and Mass Sports
In modern times, there seem to be hundreds of sports for us, such as soccer, boxing, badminton, marathon, skiing, gymnastics and track and field. Whatever you like, you will find one ____1____ (suit) for you. In addition, we can choose to work out in stadiums, gyms, or at home. Nowadays, sports can be ____2____ (rough) divided into two categories — competitive sports and mass sports. The former means that athletes must compete ____3____ each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win honour and glory for their country, ____4____ needs not only skills and strength but also great determination. However, success often comes along with error, stress, failure and ____5____ (injury). Sometimes even a master may fall apart, but he never loses heart. Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend, ____6____ (set) an example to others. ____7____ (compare) with competitive sports, mass sports focus on fitness rather than ____8____ (compete). Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep healthy or become slimmer instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat. However, with no audience ____9____ (shout) encouragement, they may give up. They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or pretend to have done it, which doesn’t make sense. However, even if you take exercise now and then, it will make ____10____ difference and have positive effects, won’t it? So why not move in and join in the mass sports?
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸v. 尊敬;给予表扬;信守(承诺)(honourable adj. 值得尊重的 honoured adj. 光荣的,荣幸的)
(2025·北京卷)
11. With my father’s support, I learned a valuable lesson: attention cannot be forced; true recognition comes from ________ (honour) acts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12. Michael Jordan, a master in basketball, never lost heart even if he was faced with failure, for which he was greatly ________ (honour). (所给词的适当形式填空)
13. 能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲,我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
________________________________________________ to deliver a speech here.
2 determination n. 决心;决定(determine v. 测定;决定;确定determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的)
14. This allows the Salk team ________ (determination) what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2026·浙江1月)
15. The ________ look on her face shows that she has strong confidence and ________ to win the championship in the coming gymnastics competition. (determine)(所给词的适当形式填空)
16. 她决心要追随自己的梦想,无论道路多么艰难。
________________________________________ follow her dreams, no matter how difficult the path may be.
3 injury n. 伤害;损伤(injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的injure vt. 使受伤;损害)
17. The explosion did serious ________ to some passers-by; fortunately, the ________ were immediately rushed to the hospital.(injure)(所给词的适当形式填空)
18. 尽管腿受了伤,他还是决心跑完马拉松。
①Though he ________________, he was determined to finish the marathon.
②________________, he was determined to finish the marathon. (用状语从句的省略改写)
19. 救援人员迅速赶到现场,对伤者进行急救,然后迅速将他们送往最近的医院。
The rescuers dashed to the spot, ________________________ and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.
4 failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)(fail v. 失败;不及格)
20. Though he failed ________ (win) the championship, the audience didn’t view him as ________ failure because of the real sportsmanship he showed in the event. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21. 俗话说:“失败乃成功之母。”坚持你的梦想,你迟早会成功的。(读后续写之主旨升华)
As the proverb goes, “________________________.” Stick to your dream and you will make it sooner or later.
5 compete vi. 竞争;对抗(competitive adj. 竞争的,竞争心强的;有竞争力的competitor n. 竞争者,竞争对手;参赛者competition n. 竞争;竞赛,比赛)
22. After a whistle blew, the ________ began and all ________ dashed on the track like arrows.(compete)(读后续写之场景描写)(所给词的适当形式填空)
23. 生活是一段旅程,你必须不断地与他人竞争,超越自我。(读后续写之主旨升华)
Life is a journey ________________________________________________________ to go beyond yourself.
24. 尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛,但是真正重要的不是冠军称号,而是参与者在比赛中所展现出来的决心。
________________________, what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.
6 pretend vt. & vi. 假装;装扮
25. The naughty boy pretended to ________ (read) when the teacher came in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26. I pretended ________ (finish) all my homework when asked by my parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
→________________________ when asked by my parents. (pretend that ...) (同义句)
27. 在学习上,不懂装懂是不明智的。
When it comes to study, ________________________.
7 give up放弃;投降
用give短语的正确形式填空
With all their energy ____28____, the cyclists seemed to ____29____ the bad situation; however, when they heard the cheers from the audience along the street, nobody chose to ____30____ the race. Therefore, they finally raised enough money and ____31____ it ____32____ to the poor children in remote mountain areas.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
33. 当我终于写完的时候,获胜的想法已经让位于写作的乐趣。
When I finally finished it, the thought of winning ________________________.
34. 无论面临什么样的挑战,我们都会坚持梦想,永不放弃。(读后续写之主旨升华)
Whatever challenges we are faced with, ________________________.
8 cut... out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
用cut相关短语的正确形式完成以下语段
In order to lose weight, Alice ____35____ on food high in sugar and calories. She jogged in the park on a daily basis instead of ____36____ the short path. As a conservationist, she ____37____ meat from her diet. She preferred to ____38____ fresh fruit and vegetables to make salads. To live a low-carbon lifestyle, she always remembered to ____39____ the electricity before leaving home. In terms of personal relationship, Alice was polite with everyone and she never ____40____ while others were talking, thus winning others’ acceptance and recognition.
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷听力部分)
41. They’ve cut ________ on the number of news programs and the number of documentaries. All have been replaced by these stupid reality shows and game shows, you know. (用适当的词填空)
9 even if引导的让步状语从句
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 足球运动员不应该假装摔倒,即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
42. Disappointed at the competition, the host won't attend the event, even if ________ (invite). (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. 即使他自己身处困境,他仍然愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。
________________________________________________, he still willingly helps those in need.
44. 我意识到,通过尝试新事物,我可以获得乐趣,即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。
I realize that by trying something new, I can have fun ________________________________________.
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
熟词生义——活用词性得新义
①Even if the architect worked hard, he still had a slim chance of winning the competition. ____45____
②Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ____46____
③She struggled hard to master her temper. ____47____
④As a new driver, driving in such a busy street really stresses me out. ____48____
⑤Failure to observe all park rules could result in being driven out of the park. ____49____
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
track
A. n. 轨道;铁轨 B. n. 跑道;径赛 C. v. 追 踪;跟踪 D. n. 小路,小径 E. n. 动物或车辆留下的足迹,踪迹
①Eva no longer feels anxious about finding her way around the school, she even joined the school track team and is now jogging daily. (2024·浙江1月卷读后续写)____50____
②We set off once more, over a rough mountain track. ____51____
③The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow. ____52____
④They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. (2022·全国乙卷)____53____
⑤The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地)of grass.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)____54____
work out
A. 锻炼 B. 制定出 C. 进展顺利 D. 解决
①George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. ____55____
②Another mistake most people make is to work out intensely almost every day. You need to give your body a break, and allow time for the muscles to grow. ____56____
③Countries should team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding the ocean protection. ____57____
④To work out this difficult math problem, I had to turn to my teacher. ____58____
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
59. I felt greatly ________ (honour) to be invited to speak at the graduation ceremony. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. Determined ________ (get) to the destination, the athlete showed amazing willpower. (所给词的适当形式填空)
61. The architect got ________ (injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path. (所给词的适当形式填空)
62. When checking out at the counter, the man found his credit card lost, so he had to give _________ the purchase. (用适当的词填空)
63. The ________ (compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64. It is requested that we should cut ________ the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness. (用适当的词填空)
65. This type of exercise is designed to ________ (strength) the stomach muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
66. ________ (fail) is recognised as the mother of success, so we will succeed as long as we don’t lose heart. (所给词的适当形式填空)
67. ________ (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with a positive attitude usually live longer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68. I ________ (try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours, but I haven’t been able to get through. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——体育与健康
69. 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生的体育锻炼情况。请给他回信,内容包括:
1. 学校的体育场馆;
2. 主要的运动项目;
3. 最受欢迎的体育活动。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
70. 得知你想了解我校学生的体育锻炼情况,我很荣幸向你提供一些信息。(分词作状语;be honoured to do)(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
71. 首先,一座新的体育场已经建成,并且已经成为我们学校的新地标。 (非限制性定语从句) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
72. 随着新学校体育场的建成,我们学生参加体育活动的积极性更高了。(with复合结构;have been doing)(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
73. 通过打篮球,我们不仅可以保持身体精力充沛,还能够更加意识到团队合作的重要性。(by doing …;not only … but also …)(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
74. 因此,即使我们忙于学习,也会抽出一些时间在新体育场打篮球。(even if/though) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
___________________________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【体育比赛】
________75________ (形容词短语作状语), I signed up for the city half-marathon three weeks before. After several days of hard training, finally came the big day. At the beginning of the competition, I was at ease and relaxed, ________76________ (比喻句). However, the following parts became harder and harder for me. When it came to the last five hundred metres, my legs were as heavy as ice-blocks, ________77________ (比喻句). I almost fell apart and completely lost heart. ________78________ I heard someone shouting my name and excitedly cheering me on. I determined that I wouldn’t fail them. I ________79________ with everything I had. Then came screams of excitement—________80________, and tears of joy streamed down my cheeks. From this experience I learn that just work hard and efforts will pay off in the end.
决心增强我的力量和意志力,三周前我报名参加了城市半程马拉松比赛。经过几天的艰苦训练,重要的一天终于到来了。比赛开始时,我很放松,像箭一样冲在人群前面。然而,接下来的部分对我来说越来越难了。当跑到最后五百米时,我的腿像冰块一样重,所以我不得不拖着腿,跌跌撞撞地向前走,好像喝醉了一样。我几乎崩溃了,完全失去了信心。我就要放弃的时候,突然听到有人喊着我的名字,激动地为我加油。我决定不能辜负他们。我集中了所有的力量,用尽全力冲向终点线。接着传来了兴奋的尖叫声。我成功了,喜悦的泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。从这段经历中,我了解到只要努力,付出总会有回报。
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. suitable
2. roughly 3. against##with
4. which 5. injuries
6. setting 7. Compared
8. competition
9. to shout
10. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了竞技体育和大众体育的区别、特点以及参与运动的意义。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意:无论你喜欢什么,你都会找到一个适合你的。根据“find one ... for you”可知,此处用形容词作宾语补足语,suit的形容词形式是suitable。故填suitable。
【2题详解】
考查副词。句意:如今,运动大致可以分为两类——竞技体育和大众体育。根据“ ... divided”可知,此处修饰动词divided,需用其副词形式roughly。故填roughly。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意:前者意味着运动员必须在锦标赛或奥运会项目中为奖牌与对手相互竞争,为国家赢得荣誉和荣耀。根据“compete ... each other”可知,compete against/with sb.为固定搭配,表示“与某人竞争”。故填against/with。
【4题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这不仅需要技巧和力量,还需要坚定的决心。本句先行词是前面整句话,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【5题详解】
考查名词复数。句意:然而,成功常常伴随着失误、压力、失败和伤病。根据“error, stress, failure and ...”可知,此处与前面名词并列,表泛指,用复数形式injuries。故填injuries。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:最后他成功了,成为冠军和传奇,为他人树立了榜样。本句主语he与set为主动关系,用现在分词作结果状语,表自然而然的结果。故填setting。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:与竞技体育相比,大众体育注重健身而非竞争。compare与句子主语mass sports为被动关系,用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Compared。
【8题详解】
考查名词。句意:与竞技体育相比,大众体育注重健身而非竞争。根据“rather than”可知,此处与fitness并列,用名词形式competition。故填competition。
【9题详解】
考查with复合结构。句意:然而,没有观众大喊加油,他们可能会放弃。本句为with的复合结构,此处用不定式作宾补,表示将要发生的动作。故填to shout。
【10题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意:然而,即使你偶尔锻炼,也会有影响并产生积极效果,不是吗?根据“make ... difference”可知,make a difference为固定搭配,意为“有影响,起作用”。故填a。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸v. 尊敬;给予表扬;信守(承诺)(honourable adj. 值得尊重的 honoured adj. 光荣的,荣幸的)
(2025·北京卷)
【11题答案】
【答案】honourable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在父亲的支持下,我学到了宝贵的一课:关注无法被强迫,真正的认可源于高尚的行为。根据句意和提示词“honour”可知,此处修饰名词acts(行为),需用形容词作定语。honour意为“荣誉;尊敬”,其对应的形容词honourable,意为“高尚的、值得尊敬的、体面的”,honourable acts表示“高尚的行为”,符合语境。故填honourable。
【12题答案】
【答案】honoured
【解析】
【详解】考查语态。句意:篮球大师迈克尔・乔丹即使面对失败也从不灰心,为此他深受尊敬。空格前有was greatly,此处应填过去分词构成被动语态,表示深受他人的尊敬。honour的过去分词为honoured,表示“受尊敬的”。故填honoured。
【13题答案】
【答案】It is a great honour for me/I feel it a great honour/I feel/am greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“能有宝贵的机会,我感到非常荣幸”;句子表达当下的感受,时态为一般现在时;“做某事对某人来说是荣幸的”常用句型为It is a great honour for sb. to do sth.,其中it作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式;“感到非常荣幸做某事”还可表达为feel it a great honour to do sth.或feel/be greatly honoured to do sth.;“有宝贵的机会”翻译为have the precious opportunity。故填It is a great honour for me/I feel it a great honour/I feel/am greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity。
2 determination n. 决心;决定(determine v. 测定;决定;确定determined adj. 坚决的;有决心的)
【14题答案】
【答案】to determine
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这使得索尔克团队能够确定哪些基因对他们的植物设计最有利。根据固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.,此处应填动词不定式形式。determination的动词为determine“决定”,不定式为to determine。故填to determine。
(2026·浙江1月)
【15题答案】
【答案】 ①. determined; ②. determination
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和不可数名词。句意:她脸上坚定的神情表明她有很强的信心和在即将到来的体操比赛中赢得冠军的决心。第①空:修饰名词look(神情),需用形容词作定语。determine(动词,决定)对应的形容词determined意为“坚定的、意志坚决的”,形容词determining意为“起决定作用的”,determined look表示“坚定的神情”,符合语境。第②空:与confidence(信心)并列,作has的宾语,需用名词形式。determine对应的名词determination意为“决心、果断”,为不可数名词,符合“赢得冠军的决心”这一语义。故填①determined;②determination。
【16题答案】
【答案】She is determined to/determines to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“她决心要”;句子陈述现在的状态与决心,时态为一般现在时;“决心做某事”常见表达为be determined to do sth.或determine to do sth.,在句中作谓语;She为第三人称单数主语,be动词用 is,实义动词determine用第三人称单数形式determines。故填She is determined to/determines to。
3 injury n. 伤害;损伤(injured adj. 受伤的;有伤的injure vt. 使受伤;损害)
【17题答案】
【答案】 ①. injuries ②. injured
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意:爆炸对一些路人造成了严重的伤害;幸运的是,受伤者被立即送往了医院。根据句意和提示词“injure”可知,在形容词serious后作动词did的宾语,需用名词形式;injure(动词,使受伤)对应的名词是injury(伤害,损伤),do serious injuries to sb.是固定搭配,意为“对某人造成严重伤害”,此处伤害涉及多位路人,第一空应用复数形式injuries。根据句意和提示词“injure”可知,定冠词the后接形容词可表示“某一类人”,此处应用injure的过去分词形式injured,意为“受伤的”,the injured特指“受伤的人们”,在句中作主语,符合语境。故填①injuries;②injured。
【18题答案】
【答案】 ①. got/was injured in the leg ②. Though injured in the leg
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和状语从句的省略。根据英汉意思对比可知,①空处应填“腿受了伤”,句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,“受伤”可表达为get/be injured,对应的过去式为“got injured”或“was injured”,“在腿上”翻译为“in the leg”;②空处应填“尽管腿受了伤”,在状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,本句中从句主语“he”与主句主语一致,省略后为“Though injured in the leg”,句首单词首字母大写。故填①got/was injured in the leg;②Though injured in the leg。
【19题答案】
【答案】offered first aid to the injured
【解析】
【详解】考查并列谓语和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“对伤者进行急救”;句中dashed to the spot(赶到现场)与空处内容、rushed them to ...(送往医院)为并列谓语,时态需保持一致,均使用一般过去时。短语“向某人提供急救”的英文表达为offer first aid to sb.,其中offer的过去式为offered;the injured是“the + 形容词”结构,表示一类人,特指“伤者”,符合语境。故填offered first aid to the injured。
4 failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物)(fail v. 失败;不及格)
【20题答案】
【答案】 ①. to win ②. a
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和冠词。句意:尽管他没能赢得冠军,但观众并没有因为他在比赛中展现出的真正体育精神而把他看作一个失败者。 根据固定搭配fail to do sth.“未能做某事”可知,此处应填不定式to win。第二空failure表示“一个失败的人”,是单数可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。故填①to win;②a。
【21题答案】
【答案】Failure is the mother of success
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“失败乃成功之母”;句子陈述客观真理,时态为一般现在时,这是一句广为流传的英语谚语,固定表达为Failure is the mother of success,句首单词首字母大写。故填Failure is the mother of success。
5 compete vi. 竞争;对抗(competitive adj. 竞争的,竞争心强的;有竞争力的competitor n. 竞争者,竞争对手;参赛者competition n. 竞争;竞赛,比赛)
【22题答案】
【答案】 ①. competition ②. competitors
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:哨声响起后,比赛开始了,所有参赛者像箭一样冲在跑道上。第一个空处作句子主语,需填名词competition,意为“比赛”,此处特指这场比赛,用单数形式;第二个空处作主语,all后接可数名词复数,需填competitors,意为“参赛者”。故填competition;competitors。
【23题答案】
【答案】where you must constantly compete with/against others
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“你必须不断地与他人竞争”。先行词journey为抽象地点,用关系副词where引导定语从句,“你必须”翻译为you must,“不断地”翻译为constantly,“与他人竞争”翻译为compete with/against others。
【24题答案】
【答案】Although/Though/While this was a competitive race
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛”;本句需表达“尽管……”的让步逻辑,可使用引导词Although/Though/While(三者均可引导让步状语从句,While语气稍弱,更侧重对比);“竞争激烈的比赛” 可译为a competitive race;主句时态为一般过去时was,从句时态需保持一致,使用一般过去时。故填Although/Though/While this was a competitive race。
6 pretend vt. & vi. 假装;装扮
【25题答案】
【答案】be reading
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:老师进来时,那个淘气的男孩假装正在看书。分析句子结构可知,此空应填非谓语动词构成pretend to do 结构,表示“假装正在做某事”用to be doing,为不定式的进行式,be reading表“正在阅读”,符合“老师进来时假装正在看书”的语境。故填be reading。
【26题答案】
【答案】 ①. to have finished ②. I pretended that I had finished all my homework
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和宾语从句。句意:当父母问起时,我假装已经完成了所有作业。①空处,pretend后接不定式作宾语,且finish“完成”这一动作发生在pretended“假装”之前,因此要用不定式的完成式“to have finished”,表示“假装已经做过某事”;②空处,要将“pretend to do sth.”结构转换为“pretend that ...”引导的宾语从句。由于主句谓语“pretended”是过去时,从句动作“finish”发生在“pretended”之前,属于“过去的过去”,因此从句需使用过去完成时“had finished”,完整表达为I pretended that I had finished all my homework。故填①to have finished;②I pretended that I had finished all my homework。
【27题答案】
【答案】it is unwise of you to pretend to know what you don’t know
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式主语、固定短语及宾语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“不懂装懂是不明智的”;句子陈述一般道理,时态为一般现在时;“某人做某事是……”常用固定句型it is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.,其中it作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式;“不明智的”用形容词unwise;“不懂装懂”翻译为pretend to know what you don’t know,其中what引导的是宾语从句。故填it is unwise of you to pretend to know what you don’t know。
7 give up放弃;投降
【28~32题答案】
【答案】28. giving out
29. give in to
30. give up
31. gave 32. away
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。描述了骑行者们在精疲力竭的情况下,受到观众鼓舞,坚持完成比赛并将善款捐赠给偏远山区贫困儿童的故事。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意:在所有精力都耗尽的情况下,骑行者们似乎要屈服于糟糕的处境。根据“all their energy”可知,此处表示精力耗尽,give out动词短语,表示“耗尽,用完”。此处为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构,energy与give out为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填giving out。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意:在所有精力都耗尽的情况下,骑行者们似乎要屈服于糟糕的处境。根据“the bad situation”可知,此处表示屈服于困境,give in to动词短语,表示“屈服于,向……让步”。“seem to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“似乎要做某事”,seem空后加动词不定式作表语,空处放在to后用动词原形。故填give in to。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:然而,当他们听到沿街观众的欢呼声时,没有人选择放弃比赛。根据“the race”可知,此处表示放弃比赛,give up动词短语,表示“放弃”。choose to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“选择做某事”,to后面用动词原形。故填give up。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语和一般过去时。句意:因此,他们最终筹集到了足够的钱,并把它捐赠给了偏远山区的贫困儿童。根据“raised enough money”和“to the poor children”可知,此处表示捐赠善款,give away动词短语,表示“捐赠,赠送”。此处与“raised”并列,描述过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填gave。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:因此,他们最终筹集到了足够的钱,并把它捐赠给了偏远山区的贫困儿童。根据“raised enough money”和“to the poor children”可知,此处表示捐赠善款,give away动词短语,表示“捐赠,赠送”。此处与gave构成“gave it away”的结构。故填away。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【33题答案】
【答案】had given way to the enjoyment of writing
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和过去完成时。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“已经让位于写作的乐趣”;句子前半部分“When I finally finished it”为一般过去时,而“让位于”这一动作发生在“写完”之前,属于“过去的过去”,因此主句时态应用过去完成时,结构为“had + 过去分词”。“让位于”翻译为give way to,其过去分词形式为given way to;“写作的乐趣”翻译为the enjoyment of writing,在句中作介词to的宾语。故填had given way to the enjoyment of writing。
【34题答案】
【答案】we will stick to our dream and never give up
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我们都会坚持梦想,永不放弃”;“坚持梦想”翻译为stick to our dream,在句中作谓语部分;“永不放弃”翻译为never give up,与前面动词短语并列作谓语;Whatever引导让步状语从句,主句遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句使用一般将来时。故填we will stick to our dream and never give up。
8 cut... out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
【35~40题答案】
【答案】35. cut down
36. cutting across
37. cut out
38. cut up 39. cut off
40. cut in
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。描述了Alice为了减肥、践行环保理念和低碳生活方式所采取的一系列做法,以及她在人际交往中的良好表现。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:为了减肥,Alice减少了高糖、高热量食物的摄入。根据“In order to lose weight”和“on food high in sugar and calories”可知,此处表示减少食物摄入,cut down动词短语,表示“减少,削减”。此处描述过去的事情,作谓语动词,用一般过去时。故填cut down。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意:她每天在公园慢跑,而不是抄近路。根据“instead of”和“the short path”可知,此处表示抄近路,cut across动词短语,表示“抄近路,径直穿过”。介词of后需接动名词作宾语。故填cutting across。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:作为一名环保主义者,她从饮食中剔除了肉类。根据“As a conservationist”和“meat from her diet”可知,此处表示从饮食中去除肉类,cut out动词短语,表示“删除,剔除”。此处描述过去的事情,作谓语动词,用一般过去时。故填cut out。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语和固定搭配。句意:她更喜欢把新鲜的水果和蔬菜切碎做沙拉。根据“fresh fruit and vegetables to make salads”可知,此处表示切碎食材,cut up动词短语,表示“切碎”。prefer to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“更喜欢做某事”,故空处用动词原形。故填cut up。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语和固定搭配。句意:为了过低碳生活,她离家前总是记得切断电源。根据“the electricity before leaving home”和“low-carbon lifestyle”可知,此处表示切断电源,cut off动词短语,表示“切断,中断”。remember to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“记得去做某事”,故空处用动词原形。故填cut off。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:在人际关系方面,Alice对每个人都很有礼貌,别人说话时她从不插嘴,因此赢得了他人的认可和接纳。根据“while others were talking”可知,此处表示打断别人说话,cut in动词短语,表示“插嘴,打断”。此处描述过去的事情,作谓语动词,用一般过去时。故填cut in。
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷听力部分)
【41题答案】
【答案】down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的固定短语。句意:他们削减了新闻节目和纪录片的数量。你知道的,所有节目都被这些无聊的真人秀和游戏节目取代了。空格前有cut,后有介词on,此处应填副词构成固定短语。cut down on为固定搭配,表示“削减,减少”,符合“削减了新闻节目和纪录片的数量”的语境。故填down。
9 even if引导的让步状语从句
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team. 足球运动员不应该假装摔倒,即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
【42题答案】
【答案】invited
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:对比赛感到失望,即使被邀请,主持人也不会参加活动。分析句子结构可知,此处为“even if”引导的让步状语从句中省略,省略了主语“the host”和be动词,主语与invite之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填invited。
【43题答案】
【答案】Even if/though he himself is stuck in hardships
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和形容词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“即使他自己身处困境”;“即使”用“even if/though”引导让步状语从句;句子陈述客观事实,时态为一般现在时;“身处困境”是固定短语be stuck in hardships,主语he为第三人称单数,be动词用is;“他自己”用反身代词himself强调。句首单词首字母大写,故填Even if/though he himself is stuck in hardships。
【44题答案】
【答案】even if/though it means stepping out of my comfort zone
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区”;“即使”用“even if/though”引导让步状语从句;“意味着做某事”是固定结构“mean doing sth.”;“走出”翻译为“step out of ...”,放在mean后,要用动名词形式stepping;“我的舒适区”翻译为“my comfort zone”。故填even if/though it means stepping out of my comfort zone。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ. 熟词生义/一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
(一)
【45~49题答案】
【答案】45. adj. 微小的;渺茫的
46. n. 许多;大量
47. v. 控制(情绪)
48. v. (使)疲惫不堪
49. n. 未履行(应做之事)
【解析】
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义。句意:即使这位建筑师很努力,他赢得比赛的机会仍然很渺茫。slim修饰名词chance,作定语,结合“even if he worked hard”的转折语境,此处指“微小的;渺茫的”,是形容词。故填:adj. 微小的;渺茫的。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:大熊猫还作为伞护物种,为中国西南和西北地区的大量动植物提供保护。host用于固定搭配“a host of”中,后接复数名词“plants and animals”,表示“许多;大量”,是名词。故填:n. 许多;大量。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:她努力控制自己的脾气。master位于不定式符号to后,后接宾语“her temper”,结合“struggled hard”的语境,此处指“控制(情绪)”,是动词。故填:v. 控制(情绪)。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:作为一名新司机,在这么繁忙的街道上开车真的让我疲惫不堪。stresses作句子谓语,用于固定搭配“stress sb out”中,后接宾语“me”,表示“(使)疲惫不堪”,是动词。故填:v. (使)疲惫不堪。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:未遵守所有公园规定可能导致被驱逐出公园。Failure位于句首作句子主语,后接不定式“to observe all park rules”,表示“未履行(应做之事)”,是名词。故填:n. 未履行(应做之事)。
(二)一词多义——熟义新义无关联
【50~54题答案】
【答案】50. B 51. D
52. E 53. A
54. C
【解析】
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:伊娃不再为在学校里四处找路而感到焦虑了,她甚至加入了学校田径队,并且每天都在慢跑。根据句意与句中“the school track team”及“jogging”可知,此处指与跑步、径赛相关的队伍,“track”指n.跑道;径赛。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们再次出发了,走在一条崎岖的山间小路上。根据句意与句中“rough mountain”及“set off”可知,此处“track”指n.小路,小径。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:熊猫留下的唯一证据就是雪地上它们的足迹。根据句意与句中“evidence of pandas”及“in the snow”可知,此处“track”指n.动物或车辆留下的足迹,踪迹。故选E。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:它们将在列车前方的轨道上行驶,并被设定为自动运行。根据句意与句中“moving on the track”及“train”可知,此处“track”指n.轨道;铁轨。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:草地的质量将通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来进行追踪。根据句意与句中“will be tracked”及“by monitoring ...”可知,此处“track”为谓语动词,意为v.追踪;跟踪。故选C。
【55~58题答案】
【答案】55. C 56. A
57. B 58. D
【解析】
【55题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:丈夫乔治努力保持镇定,但我看得出这对他来说很难 —— 不得不把狗托付给一个陌生人,并且相信一切都会进展顺利。根据“leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would ...(将狗托付给陌生人并相信一切会……)”可知,此处work out意为“(事情)进展顺利、圆满解决”。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:大多数人犯的另一个错误就是几乎每天高强度锻炼。你需要让身体休息,给肌肉生长的时间。根据“intensely almost every day. You need to give your body a break ...(几乎每天高强度……,需要让身体休息……)”可知,此处work out意为“(体育)锻炼、健身”。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:各国应相互合作,制定出关于海洋保护的切实可行的计划。根据“team up with one another to ... practical plans regarding the ocean protection(相互合作去……关于海洋保护的切实可行的计划)”可知,此处work out意为“制定出、拟定出(计划、方案等)”。故选B。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:为了解决这道数学难题,我不得不向老师求助。根据“this difficult math problem(这道数学难题)”可知,此处work out意为“解决、解出(难题、问题等)”。故选D。
Ⅱ. 核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【59题答案】
【答案】honoured
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:能被邀请在毕业典礼上发言,我感到非常荣幸。 空格前是连系动词felt且受到副词greatly修饰,此处应填形容词形式作表语。honour的形容词为honoured,意为“感到荣幸的”。 故填honoured。
【60题答案】
【答案】to get
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位运动员下定决心要到达目的地,展现出了惊人的意志力。determined to do sth.是过去分词短语,意为“下定决心做某事”,因此空处使用不定式,动词get的不定式形式为to get。故填to get。
【61题答案】
【答案】injured
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意:这位建筑师在沿着一条狭窄的小路徒步前往城堡时受伤了。此处为“get + 过去分词”结构,表被动含义,相当于“be + 过去分词”,用于描述主语所处的被动状态或经历的事件。句中主语the architect与动词injure译为“使受伤”之间为被动关系(建筑师是“被弄伤”的),因此应用injure的过去分词形式injured。get injured是固定表达,意为“受伤”。 故填injured。
【62题答案】
【答案】up
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:在柜台结账时,这名男子发现他的信用卡丢了,所以他不得不放弃购买。表示“放弃”使用动词短语give up。故填up。
【63题答案】
【答案】competition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:这场竞争极其激烈,最后我们以微弱优势赢得了比赛。根据句意和提示词“compete”可知,定冠词The后、系动词was前的位置需填入名词作句子主语;所给词compete是动词,意为“竞争、比赛”,其对应的名词形式为competition,可表示“竞争”这一抽象概念或具体这次“比赛、竞赛”,在句中作主语。故填competition。
【64题答案】
【答案】down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:为恢复健康,我们被要求减少脂肪和糖分的摄入量。根据句意“为恢复健康”以及“脂肪和糖分的摄入量”的逻辑关系可知,此处需填入表示“减少、削减”的短语,cut down意为“减少、削减”。故填down。
【65题答案】
【答案】strengthen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:这种运动是为了增强腹部肌肉而设计的。空格前有不定式to,此处应填动词原形,构成动词不定式,表示目的。strength的动词形式为strengthen,意为“增强,加强”。故填strengthen。
【66题答案】
【答案】Failure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:失败被公认为成功之母,所以只要我们不灰心就会成功。空格后有is recognised,此处应填名词形式作主语。fail的名词为failure,意为“失败”,表示抽象概念,是不可数名词,放句首首字母要大写。故填Failure。
【67题答案】
【答案】Compared
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与那些总是抱怨的人相比,拥有积极态度的人通常活得更久。分析句子结构可知,此空应填非谓语动词作状语,compare与句子主语people之间是被动关系,用过去分词形式,compared表“被比较”,为非谓语动词,符合“与……相比”的语境,置于句首首字母大写。故填Compared。
【68题答案】
【答案】have been trying
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意:在过去的三个小时里,我一直试图联系负责交通的官员,但一直没能接通。句中时间状语“in the past three hours”表示从过去开始、持续到现在的动作,因此用现在完成进行时,结构为“have/has been doing”,主语为I,助动词用have,try的现在分词是trying。故填have been trying。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——体育与健康
【69题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Dear Peter,
Learning that you are eager to know the physical exercise in our school, I am honoured to offer some information to you.
With the new school stadium built, we students have been participating in physical activities more actively. A wide range of sports events are being held here, of which playing basketball enjoys the most popularity. By playing basketball, we can not only stay energetic physically, but also become more aware of the importance of teamwork. So even if we are busy with our study, we will spare some time to play basketball in the new stadium.
All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求你以李华的身份,给英国朋友Peter回一封电子邮件,介绍你校学生的体育锻炼情况,包括学校的体育场馆、主要的运动项目以及最受欢迎的体育活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
渴望的:eager → keen
提供:offer → provide
参加:participate in → take part in
意识到:be aware of → be conscious of
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:With the new school stadium built, we students have been participating in physical activities more actively.
拓展句:Now that the new school stadium has been constructed, we students have been taking part in physical activities with greater enthusiasm.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】A wide range of sports events are being held here, of which playing basketball enjoys the most popularity.(运用了“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】So even if we are busy with our study, we will spare some time to play basketball in the new stadium.(运用了even if 引导的让步状语从句)
【完成句子】
【70题答案】
【答案】Learning that you are eager to know the physical exercise in our school, I am honoured to offer some information to you.
【解析】
【详解】考查分词作状语、固定句型和时态。句子陈述当前的情况,用一般现在时。“得知……”用“learn that +宾语从句”,在句中作状语,learn与主语I是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式;“想了解”用固定表达be eager to know,强调急切的心情,“我校学生的体育锻炼情况”译为the physical exercise in our school,“得知你想了解我校学生的体育锻炼情况”用现在分词短语Learning that you are eager to know the physical exercise in our school,句首首字母要大写;“很荣幸做某事”表达为be honoured to do sth,“提供某物给某人”表达为offer sth to sb,“向你提供一些信息”译为offer some information to you,“我很荣幸向你提供一些信息”译为I am honoured to offer some information to you。故翻译为:Learning that you are eager to know the physical exercise in our school, I am honoured to offer some information to you.
【71题答案】
【答案】First of all, a new stadium has been built, which has become a new landmark of our school.
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、时态和语态。句子描述已经完成的动作,用现在完成时;“首先”译为first of all,放句首首字母要大写;“一座新的体育场”译为a new stadium,在句中作主语;“已经建成”用现在完成时的被动语态has been built,表示动作已完成且主语是动作的承受者;“并且已经成为我们学校的新地标”用非限制性定语从句表达,用逗号与主句隔开,关系词用which指代前面的a new stadium,谓语动词用单数形式,从句用现在完成时,“成为”译为become,其过去分词是become,“我们学校的新地标”译为a new landmark of our school,因此从句译为which has become a new landmark of our school,补充说明体育场的现状。故翻译为First of all, a new stadium has been built, which has become a new landmark of our school.
【72题答案】
【答案】With the new school stadium built, we students have been participating in physical activities more actively.
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构和现在完成进行时。句子描述从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成进行时。“随着新学校体育场的建成”用with复合结构(with +宾语+宾语补足语)表达,体育场是被建成的,建造build与逻辑主语the new school stadium是被动关系,所以本结构的宾语补足语用build的过去分词built,表示 “体育场” 与 “建成” 之间是被动关系,且动作已完成,即With the new school stadium built;“我们学生”译为we students,students作we的同位语;“参加体育活动”用固定搭配participate in physical activities;“积极性更高了”用现在完成进行时have been participating ... more actively表示动作持续进行且更加积极。 故翻译为:With the new school stadium built, we students have been participating in physical activities more actively.
【73题答案】
【答案】By playing basketball, we can not only stay energetic physically, but also become more aware of the importance of teamwork.
【解析】
【详解】考查方式状语、并列结构和动词短语。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“通过打篮球”用介词短语by playing basketball作方式状语,放句首首字母要大写,其中by + doing表示“通过做某事”;“不仅……还……”用固定结构not only ... but also ...,连接两个并列的谓语部分;“保持身体精力充沛”译为stay energetic physically,其中stay是系动词,后接形容词energetic作表语;“更加意识到”用固定搭配become more aware of,后接名词短语“团队合作的重要性”the importance of teamwork作宾语。故翻译为By playing basketball, we can not only stay energetic physically, but also become more aware of the importance of teamwork.
【74题答案】
【答案】So even if we are busy with our study, we will spare some time to play basketball in the new stadium.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句、形容词短语和时态。句子陈述将来的计划,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。“因此”译为So,用于句首承接上下文,首字母大写;“即使”用even if/though引导让步状语从句;“忙于……”用形容词短语be busy with,“学习”联系前后文可知是“我们的学习” our study;“抽出一些时间做某事”用固定表达spare some time to do sth.;“在新体育场打篮球”译为play basketball in the new stadium。故翻译为:So even if we are busy with our study, we will spare some time to play basketball in the new stadium.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。
___________________________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用 【体育比赛】
【75~80题答案】
【答案】75. Determined to build up my strength and willpower
76. rushing in front of the crowd like an arrow
77. so I had to drag my legs, stumbling forward as if drunk
78. I was about to give up when
79. gathered all my strength and dashed to the finishing line
80. I made it
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者报名参加城市半程马拉松,在比赛中遭遇困难、濒临放弃时,因他人鼓励而重拾决心,最终成功冲过终点的经历,传达了努力终有回报的道理。
【75题详解】
考查形容词短语作状语。此处用形容词短语作原因状语,修饰主语“I”的状态。“决心做某事”用be determined to do sth.,句子主语为I,谓语为signed up,空处作状语时,要去掉be动词,构成Determined to,句首单词首字母需大写。“增强”用build up,置于不定式后用原形 ,“我的力量和意志力”用my strength and willpower。故填Determined to build up my strength and willpower。
【76题详解】
考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语“was”,此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语。逻辑主语“I”与“rush”之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词rushing,“冲在人群前面”翻译为rushing in front of the crowd;“像箭一样”用like an arrow作比喻。故填rushing in front of the crowd like an arrow。
【77题详解】
考查并列句与非谓语动词。前半句“my legs were as heavy as ice-blocks”与后半句是因果关系,用so连接。时态为一般过去时,“不得不拖着腿”翻译为had to drag my legs;“跌跌撞撞地向前走”中,逻辑主语“I”与“stumble”是主动关系,用现在分词stumbling forward作伴随状语;“好像喝醉了一样”用as if drunk作比喻,as if后可直接接形容词构成省略结构(as if I was drunk)。故填so I had to drag my legs, stumbling forward as if drunk。
【78题详解】
考查固定句型。“正要做某事,这时突然……”用固定句型be about to do ... when ...。结合语境,故事发生在过去,用一般过去时,be动词用was,“我”翻译为I,“放弃”翻译为give up,因此是I was about to give up when。故填I was about to give up when。
【79题详解】
考查时态与动词短语。故事发生在过去,用一般过去时。“集中所有的力量”翻译为gathered all my strength;“冲向终点线”翻译为dashed to the finishing line,两个动作是顺承关系,用and连接。故填gathered all my strength and dashed to the finishing line。
【80题详解】
考查固定表达。“成功了”在口语和书面语中常用固定表达 ,I made it,表示“做到了,成功达成目标”,符合语境。故填I made it。
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