内容正文:
选择性必修第三册
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the current era, what people do hurts not only ___1___ (they) but also animals, such as some camels, cattle, apes and goats. In ___2___ (compare) with widespread traditional offline medical care, remote medical care is more crucial, ___3___ can break the barriers of time and space, and provide the best doctors and the accurate treatment for patients. But some illegal organizations, ___4___ (whole) ignoring the ethical principles, are buried in editing some false advertisements artificially and abusing network, providing some false clues for patients. Even small intake is bound ___5___ (lead) to permanent hurt to patients, which will provoke angry emotions. So the phenomenon must ___6___ (forbid) forever.
To make matters ___7___ (bad), it is estimated that some rare animals are disappearing. There are many factors for their disappearance, and they can be roughly classified into two categories, partly because they have no corresponding actual capability to adapt to the environment, ___8___ partly because of human activities, which pose a threat to their habitats. It is ___9___ (depress) that some people kill animals because they attribute the outbreak of some diseases to the viruses these animals carry. Fortunately, most people are opposed ___10___ this practice and call for efforts to develop thorough and systematic measures to protect animals on the globe.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 treatment n.诊疗,治疗,疗法;对待方式(treat n.乐事;款待vt.治疗;对待;招待,款待)
11. Because I was under ________ (treat) , my mother was strongly opposed to my father treating me ________ junk food. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12. These people were treating the poor creature’s fear ________ entertainment. (用适当的词填空)
13. 通过社区服务,我完全意识到,我们不仅要以尊重对待无家可归的人,而且应该把他们看作平等的人。
Through the community service, I wholly realized that not only ________________ but we ________________.
2 bound adj.很有可能,肯定会;一定的;(车、船等)开往……的vi.跳跃
14. 我相信,只有你全身心投入到比赛中,你才一定会成功。
I am convinced that only if you are devoted to the competition ________________.
15. 在一个寒冷的日子里,告别了父母,我登上了一艘开往大西洋的巨轮。
On a bitter cold day, after saying goodbye to my parents, I went aboard a massive ship ________________ the Atlantic Ocean.
3 classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类(classified adj.分类的;机密的classification n.归类,分类,分级)
16. Epidemics fall into different ________ (classify) according to the way they are spread. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17. 有人建议,当我们背诵单词时,应该把它们分成不同的类别。例如,有些词可以归类为与体育有关的词。
It is suggested that words ________________ when we learn them by heart. For instance, some words ________________ sports-related words.
4 opposed adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物(oppose vt.反对opposite adj.对面的;相反的opposition n.反对,反抗)
18. The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as ________ (oppose) to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no surprise. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19. 请注意!我们明天上午9点将在公园的入口处集合,就在城市博物馆对面。
Attention, please! We are to gather at the entrance to the park at 9 am tomorrow morning, ________________.
20. 对于即将到来的口语练习课的分组,大多数学生反对随机分组。
As for the grouping for the upcoming oral practice sessions, a majority of students ________________.
21. 得知你的父母反对你烹饪,我写信给你一些关于如何消除他们反对的建议。
Learning that your parents ________________, I am writing to offer you some proposals on ________________.
5 bury vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏;使陷入
22. 小女孩声嘶力竭地尖叫着,然后双手捂着脸,无法控制地啜泣着。
The little girl screamed at the top of her lungs and then she ________________, sobbing uncontrollably.
23. 每天专心读英文报,我已经获得丰富多彩的知识。
________________, I have gained lots of colorful knowledge. (运用分词短语作状语)
6 suspect n. (犯罪) 嫌疑人,可疑分子vt.怀疑(suspicion n.怀疑;疑心suspicious adj.怀疑的;可疑的)
24. He suspected me of ________ (steal) the old woman’s gold ring and even my best friend was ________ (suspect) about my personal qualities, so I buried my face in my hands, sobbing uncontrollably. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25. 那个陌生人被怀疑是间谍,正在接受警方的审问。
________________, the stranger is being questioned by the police.
26. 我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松,但实际上他凭着坚强的意志成功了。
________________, but actually he made it with strong willpower.
用法点拨 与suspect sb of sth结构相同的短语还有:inform sb of sth通知某人某事; remind sb ofsth提醒某人某事; rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物; accuse sb of sth控告某人某事; warn sb of sth警告某人某事。
7 the+序数词+n. + to do... They were the first-ever primates(the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned!它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别,包括猿、猴子和人类) !
27. Though David was the last participant ________ (cross) the finishing line, he won all of our admiration and cheers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28. 事实上,我们在日常生活中都有值得感激的事情,但有时我们只是没有意识到。
As a matter of fact, we all have something ________________ in our daily life, but sometimes we just don’t realize it.
29. 我们的班长总是第一个向别人伸出援助之手,他有能力处理各种紧急情况。所以我坚信他能胜任这个职位。
Our monitor is always ________________ and he ________________. So I am greatly convinced that he is qualified for the position.
30. 我能说一口流利的英语,而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am ________________ for further study. There is no doubt that I am ________________.
8 现在分词短语作结果状语Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.科学家们现在估计,该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病,使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
31. First of all, I speak fluent English. It permits me to communicate with visitors without difficulty. (句型转换)
→First of all, I speak fluent English, ________________. (用现在分词短语作结果状语改写)
32. 简气呼呼地跺着脚走进森林,却发现自己认不清方向。更糟糕的是,天突然下起了大雨,使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路。
Jane stamped her feet into the forest angrily, ________________ she couldn’t identify direction. Worse still, it rained heavily suddenly, ________________.
9 sb/ sth be+过去分词+ to do... Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后,西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。
33. Thomas Edison was considered ________ (invent) the bulb, which benefits people greatly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34. He is said to have been awarded first prize in the fierce speech contest organized in our city, which is completely beyond our expectations. (句型转换)
→________________ in the fierce speech contest organized in our city, which is completely beyond our expectations. (用it作形式主语改写)
35. 他被公认为世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。
①He ________________ one of the world’s greatest physicists.
②________________ he is one of the world’s greatest physicists.
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
She came bounding① into the room holding a letter, which said that her uncle would take a Paris-bound② plane the next Saturday. He was bound③ to make a telephone call to her on arrival.
①____36____②____37____③____38____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The emergency posed① a threat to our project, but luckily, we successfully coped with it. To celebrate our success, all of us posed② for a photograph and each of us had a different pose③.
①____39____②____40____③____41____
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The doctors treated① me for my illness and treated② me as their friend. I was so moved that I decided to treat③ them to some delicious foods.
①____42____②____43____③____44____
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
45. The literary work Dream of the Red Chamber contains 120 chapters, ________ (include) 40 chapters written by Gao’E. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46. The government advocates classifying rubbish ________ four categories: recyclable waste, unrecyclable waste, harmful waste and other waste. (用适当的词填空)
47. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention to ________ (globe) water issues. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. ________ (bury) in writing a science fiction novel, she didn’t realize it began to rain outside. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. It struck me that I could treat the girl ________ an absorbing drama in return for her help. (用适当的词填空)
50. Some students do realize they are blessed ________ the opportunity to study in the bright and spacious classrooms. However, others take it for granted. (用适当的词填空)
51. I suspect the so-called poet ________ copying others’ poems but I have no solid evidence. (用适当的词填空)
52. In spite of the icy cold weather, my mother is the first ________ (get) up to prepare breakfast. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53. The scholar, who is said ________ (graduate) from Cambridge University, will give us a lecture about English poetry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. I think there is a good reason for her absence as she ________ (rare) stays away from work without approval. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——基因工程
55. 随着科学技术的发展,克隆技术的发展已经引起人们极大的关注。人们对这个问题的看法也各不相同。请写一篇文章介绍人们对克隆技术的不同观点,并表明自己的立场。
注意:词数80左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
56. 有些人认为,我们应该专心于发展克隆技术,这会带来医学进步并帮助世界各地的濒危甚至灭绝物种的繁殖。(be buried in;现在分词短语作结果状语)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
57. 但另一方面,许多人强烈反对。(be opposed to)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
58. 他们怀疑那些支持克隆的人在道德上是错误的,会给我们人类带来麻烦。(suspect that ...)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
59. 就我而言,我坚持认为,我们一方面应该促进其发展,另一方面应该加强对克隆技术的管理。(insist后接that宾语从句)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
60. 只有当我们在这个微妙的问题上表现得非常谨慎时,我们才能从克隆中受益匪浅。(“only+状语从句”位于句首引起的部分倒装)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用【主题:“我是谁” 】
根据所给中文提示完成下面的短文。
Tom Smith is a 17-year-old boy ___61___ where all family members are gifted in some musical instruments except him. ___62___ he may not belong to the family, or maybe he was just the adopted one. One day, he ___63___when suddenly an idea struck him. He should secretly make a DNA detection to justify his identity. So, that afternoon, ___64___, trying to find some hairs from his parents. After a careful search, he managed to find some, and ___65___. The moment ___66___. He submitted the sample to the doctor and was asked to pick the result the next day. Feeling relieved and free, he stopped in the nearby park, ___67___, saying to himself, “The truth will soon come out.” The next day, having butterflies in his stomach, ___68___ and got the gene identification certificate. “Thank goodness! I am indeed a real Smith.”
汤姆·史密斯是一个17岁的男孩,他有幸拥有一个大家庭,除了他之外,所有家庭成员都在乐器上有天赋。他曾经怀疑自己可能不属于这个家庭,觉得自己可能是被收养的。一天,他皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去,这时突然想到一个主意。他应该秘密进行一次DNA检测以证明自己的身份。于是,那天下午,在院子里慢跑后,他踮着脚尖来到卧室,试图找到一些他父母的头发。经过仔细搜索,他终于找到一些并迅速逃离,他的心脏剧烈跳动。他一逃离家就立即赶往医院。他把样本交给医生,并被要求次日取结果。他感到宽慰和自由,在附近的公园里停了下来,悠闲地闲逛,自言自语地说:“真相很快就会水落石出。”第二天,他忐忑不安,匆匆赶往医院,拿到基因鉴定证书。 “谢天谢地!我是一个真正的史密斯家族成员。”
选择性必修第三册
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. themselves
2. comparison
3. which 4. wholly
5. to lead 6. be forbidden
7. worse 8. and
9. depressing
10. to
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了人类行为对自身及动物的危害,指出非法组织在医疗领域的不良行径,阐述了珍稀动物消失的原因,并呼吁全球共同保护动物。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意:在当今时代,人类的行为不仅伤害了他们自己,也伤害了动物,比如一些骆驼、牛、猿和山羊。空处指代主语people,作动词hurts的宾语,需用反身代词themselves强调“伤害他们自己”。
【2题详解】
考查名词。句意:与广泛普及的传统线下医疗相比,远程医疗更为关键。in comparison with是固定搭配,意为“与……相比”,需用compare的名词形式comparison,不可数名词。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:与广泛普及的传统线下医疗相比,远程医疗更为关键,它能打破时空障碍,为患者提供最好的医生和精准的治疗。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词remote medical care,指物且在从句中作主语,需用关系代词which。
【4题详解】
考查副词。句意:但一些非法组织完全无视伦理原则,沉迷于人为编造虚假广告、滥用网络,为患者提供虚假线索。空处修饰动词ignoring,需用副词形式,whole的副词形式为wholly,意为“完全地”。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:即使是小小的摄入也一定会对患者造成永久性伤害,这会激起愤怒的情绪。be bound to do sth.是固定结构,意为“一定会做某事”,需用动词不定式to lead。
【6题详解】
考查语态。句意:因此,这种现象必须被永远禁止。主语the phenomenon与动词forbid之间为被动关系,且情态动词must后接动词原形,需用被动语态be forbidden。
【7题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,据估计一些珍稀动物正在消失。to make matters worse是固定短语,意为“更糟糕的是”,需用bad的比较级形式worse。
【8题详解】
考查连词。句意:它们消失的原因有很多,大致可分为两类,部分是因为它们没有相应的实际能力适应环境,部分是因为人类活动对它们的栖息地构成了威胁。前后两分句为并列的原因状语,需用连词and连接。
【9题详解】
考查形容词。句意:一些人捕杀动物,因为他们将某些疾病的爆发归咎于这些动物携带的病毒,这令人沮丧。空处作表语描述“人们捕杀动物这件事”的性质,需用depress以-ing结尾的形容词depressing,意为“令人沮丧的”。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意:幸运的是,大多数人反对这种做法,并呼吁努力制定全面系统的措施来保护全球动物。be opposed to是固定短语,意为“反对……”,需用介词to。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 treatment n.诊疗,治疗,疗法;对待方式(treat n.乐事;款待vt.治疗;对待;招待,款待)
【11题答案】
【答案】 ①. treatment ②. to
【解析】
【详解】句意:因为我正在接受治疗,我妈妈强烈反对我爸爸给我吃垃圾食品。 “under + 名词”是固定结构,表示“处于……状态中”,第一空需填treat的名词形式treatment,意为“治疗”,构成固定搭配under treatment,表示“在治疗中”;treat sb to sth是固定短语,意为“用某物招待某人、给某人吃某物”,第二空应填介词to。
【12题答案】
【答案】as
【解析】
【详解】句意:这些人把这个可怜的生物的恐惧当作娱乐。固定搭配treat ... as ...,意为 “把……当作……来对待/看待”。
【13题答案】
【答案】 ①. should we treat the homeless people with respect ②. should (also) treat them as equal souls
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“我们要以尊重对待无家可归的人”和“应该把他们看作平等的人”。第一空not only位于句首时,其后的分句需用部分倒装,即把情态动词should提到主语we之前;“以尊重对待某人”译为treat sb. with respect;“无家可归的人”译为the homeless people。第二空“把他们看作平等的人”译为should (also) treat them as equal souls,同时but also中的also可省略,且but we后无需再重复主语,直接接谓语部分即可。
2 bound adj.很有可能,肯定会;一定的;(车、船等)开往……的vi.跳跃
【14题答案】
【答案】are you bound to succeed
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“你才一定会成功”。only if引导状语从句置于句首,主句需部分倒装,“一定会”用be bound to,主语为you,故将are提前,“成功”译为succeed,完整表达为are you bound to succeed。
【15题答案】
【答案】(which was) bound for
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“开往”。此处用分词短语作后置定语,逻辑主语ship与“开往”为被动关系,用过去分词短语bound for“开往、驶向”;也可用which引导定语从句修饰ship,“开往、驶向”译为be bound for,句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,be用was。
3 classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类(classified adj.分类的;机密的classification n.归类,分类,分级)
【16题答案】
【答案】classifications
【解析】
【详解】句意:流行病根据其传播方式的不同,被分为不同的类别。空格处作介词into的宾语,且被形容词different(不同的)修饰,因此需填入可数名词复数;动词classify的名词复数形式是classifications,意为“分类、类别”。
【17题答案】
【答案】 ①. (should) be classified into different categories ②. can be classified as
【解析】
【详解】空处①应填“应该把它们分成不同的类别”;句子为虚拟语气,It is suggested that后从句用(should) + 动词原形;“把……分成”用classify ... into,words作主语需用被动语态be classified into;“不同的类别”为different categories。空处②应填“可以归类为”;句子陈述一般情况,用一般现在时;“被归类为”用be classified as;主语some words为复数,情态动词can“可以”后接动词原形。
4 opposed adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物(oppose vt.反对opposite adj.对面的;相反的opposition n.反对,反抗)
【18题答案】
【答案】opposed
【解析】
【详解】句意:该平台让Ribeiro得以在极大的自由中实现梦想,与餐厅形成鲜明对比——那里的服务缺乏人情味,菜单事先知晓,用餐体验毫无惊喜可言。as opposed to是固定搭配,意为“与……截然不同;与……相反”,此处需用oppose的过去分词形式opposed,作形容词。
【19题答案】
【答案】just opposite the city museum
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“就在城市博物馆对面”;“就”用just加强语气;“在……对面”翻译为opposite;“城市博物馆”翻译为the city museum。
【20题答案】
【答案】oppose/ are opposed to randomly assigning them into pairs
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“反对随机分组”。句子描述现在的态度,用一般现在时,“反对”用固定短语oppose或be opposed to表达,主语为复数,故用oppose或are opposed to;“随机分组”译为randomly assigning them into pairs,其中assign … into pairs对应“把……分组”。
【21题答案】
【答案】 ①. oppose your/you cooking ②. how to get rid of/remove their opposition
【解析】
【详解】空处①应翻译“反对你烹饪”。“反对”译为oppose,后可接动名词作宾语;“你烹饪”可译为you cooking/your cooking;空处②应翻译“如何消除他们反对”。“如何”用“how + 不定式”表达,后接动词原形;“消除”可用固定短语get rid of/remove;“他们的反对”译为their opposition。
5 bury vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏;使陷入
【22题答案】
【答案】buried her face in her hands
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“双手捂着脸”。“双手捂着脸”用固定短语bury one’s face in one’s hands表达;句子时态为一般过去时,主语为she,bury需用过去式buried, one’s变为her。
【23题答案】
【答案】Burying myself in/ Buried in reading the English newspaper every day
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“每天专心读英文报”;“专心于”用固定短语bury oneself in或buried in表达,逻辑主语I与bury为主动关系,用现在分词Burying myself in,表示主动让自己专心阅读;也可用过去分词Buried in表示主语所处的状态;二者均用分词短语作状语;“每天读英文报”译为reading the English newspaper every day(read“阅读”放在介词后面,要用动名词形式)。
6 suspect n. (犯罪) 嫌疑人,可疑分子vt.怀疑(suspicion n.怀疑;疑心suspicious adj.怀疑的;可疑的)
【24题答案】
【答案】 ①. stealing ②. suspicious
【解析】
【详解】句意:他怀疑我偷了老太太的金戒指,甚至连我最好的朋友也对我的人品心存疑虑,所以我双手掩面,无法控制地抽泣起来。第一空查固定搭配suspect sb. of doing sth.,意为“怀疑某人做了某事”。介词of后需接动词steal(偷)的动名词形式作宾语,因此steal需变为stealing;第二空,句子结构为主系表,需填入形容词作表语。suspect的形容词形式是suspicious,构成固定搭配be suspicious about,意为“对……感到怀疑/可疑”。
【25题答案】
【答案】Suspected to be/ as a spy
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“被怀疑是间谍”。此处用分词短语作状语,逻辑主语the stranger与suspect为被动关系,用过去分词,“被怀疑是”用suspected to be/as表达,“间谍”译为a spy。
【26题答案】
【答案】We suspected that the injured participant may not finish the marathon
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“我们认为那个受伤的参赛者可能跑不完马拉松”,句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。“我们认为/怀疑”译为We suspected,suspect后接宾语从句;“那个受伤的参赛者”译为the injured participant;“可能跑不完”译为may not finish;“马拉松”译为the marathon;句首单词的首字母大写。
用法点拨 与suspect sb of sth结构相同的短语还有:inform sb of sth通知某人某事; remind sb ofsth提醒某人某事; rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物; accuse sb of sth控告某人某事; warn sb of sth警告某人某事。
7 the+序数词+n. + to do... They were the first-ever primates(the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned!它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别,包括猿、猴子和人类) !
【27题答案】
【答案】to cross
【解析】
【详解】句意:虽然大卫是最后一个冲过终点线的参赛者,但他赢得了我们所有人的敬佩和欢呼。名词前有序数词the last修饰时,其后常用不定式作后置定语,即the last participant to cross ...,故用to cross。
【28题答案】
【答案】to be grateful for
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“值得感激的”,译为to be grateful for;不定式to do修饰不定代词something时,通常置于其后作定语;be grateful for ... 是固定短语,意为“对……感激/感恩”。
【29题答案】
【答案】 ①. the first person to lend a helping hand to others ②. has the ability to handle various emergencies
【解析】
【详解】空处①应翻译“第一个向别人伸出援助之手”;“第一个做某事”用固定结构the first + 名词 + to do sth.,不定式作后置定语;“人”翻译为person;“向别人伸出援助之手”翻译为lend a helping hand to others。空处②应翻译“有能力处理各种紧急情况”;根据“is”可知,句子时态为一般现在时;主语he为第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;“有能力做某事”用固定搭配have the ability to do sth.,have变为has;“处理”翻译为handle;“各种紧急情况”翻译为various emergencies。
【30题答案】
【答案】 ①. the only student in my class to go abroad ②. the best person to be responsible for the job
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。第一空表示“班上唯一一个出国深造的学生”,“唯一一个”译为the only,“学生”为student,“出国”为go abroad,“出国深造的”作定语修饰the only student;第二空表示“负责这项工作的最佳人选”,“最佳人选”为最高级,应为the best person,“负责”译为be responsible for,当被修饰词前有the only或形容词最高级修饰时常用不定式作后置定语,故填①the only student in my class to go abroad;②the best person to be responsible for the job.
8 现在分词短语作结果状语Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.科学家们现在估计,该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病,使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。
【31题答案】
【答案】permitting me to communicate with visitors without difficulty
【解析】
【详解】句意:首先,我的英语说得很流利,这让我可以毫无困难地与游客交流。I speak fluent English是主句,主语I speak fluent English这件事与permit之间为主动关系,因此用permit的现在分词形式permitting作结果状语,表示主句动作带来的自然结果,me to communicate with visitors without difficulty保持不变。
【32题答案】
【答案】 ①. only to find that ②. making it more difficult to find her way out of the unfamiliar forest
【解析】
【详解】空处①应翻译“却发现”。“却……”用固定短语only to do,不定式作结果状语;“发现”译为find;that引导宾语从句,作find的宾语,故“却发现”译为only to find that ;空处②应翻译“使她更难找到离开这片陌生森林的路”,“使”用现在分词making作结果状语;it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式to find;more difficult“更难”作宾语补足语;“找到离开这片陌生森林的路”译为find her way out of the unfamiliar forest。
9 sb/ sth be+过去分词+ to do... Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.在18个月内造成5 000万人死亡之后,西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。
【33题答案】
【答案】to have invented
【解析】
【详解】句意:托马斯・爱迪生被认为发明了电灯泡,这使人们受益匪浅。be considered to do sth.为固定结构,表示“被认为做某事”,“发明电灯泡”发生在“被认为”之前,需用不定式的完成式to have done;invent变为to have invented。
【34题答案】
【答案】It is said that he has been awarded first prize
【解析】
【详解】句意:据说他在我们城市举办的激烈演讲比赛中获得了一等奖,这完全出乎我们的意料。用it作形式主语改写时,原句中的“He is said to ...”结构可转换为“It is said that ...”,其中it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that从句,原句使用现在完成时表示动作已完成,故从句保持现在完成时“he has been awarded first prize”。
【35题答案】
【答案】 ①. is acknowledged as/ to be ②. It is acknowledged that
【解析】
【详解】两个空应翻译“被公认为”。句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态。“被公认为……”用固定短语be acknowledged as/to be表达,主语为单数,故用is acknowledged as/to be;“被公认为……”也可用it作形式主语的固定句型It is acknowledged that ...,that引导的从句是该句的真正主语。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
【36~38题答案】
【答案】36. vi. 跳跃
37. adj.(车、船等)开往……的
38. adj. 一定的
【解析】
【36题详解】
句意:她拿着一封信蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间,信上说她叔叔下周六会乘坐飞往巴黎的航班。bounding作谓语,后加介词into,是不及物动词,意为“跳跃”。
【37题详解】
句意同上。Paris-bound修饰名词plane,是形容词,意为“(车、船等)开往……的”。
【38题详解】
句意:他一定会在抵达后给她打电话。bound在系动词was后作表语,构成固定搭配be bound to do sth.,是形容词,意为“一定的”。
【39~41题答案】
【答案】39. vt. 造成,引起,产生(问题、危险、困难等)
40. vi. 摆好姿势
41. n.(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势
【解析】
【39题详解】
句意:这次紧急情况给我们的项目带来了威胁,但幸运的是,我们成功应对了。posed作谓语,后加宾语a threat,是及物动词,意为“造成,引起,产生(问题、危险、困难等)”。
【40题详解】
句意:为了庆祝成功,我们所有人都摆好姿势拍照,每个人都摆出了不同的姿势。posed作谓语,后加介词for,是不及物动词,意为“摆好姿势”。
【41题详解】
句意同上。pose作动词had的宾语,被形容词different修饰,是名词,意为“(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势”。
【42~44题答案】
【答案】42. vt. 治疗
43. vt. 对待 44. vt. 招待,款待
【解析】
【42题详解】
句意:医生们为我治病,还把我当作朋友。我深受感动,决定请他们吃些美味的食物。treated作谓语,后加宾语me,构成固定搭配treat sb. for sth,是及物动词,意为“治疗”。
【43题详解】
句意同上。treated作谓语,后加宾语me,构成固定搭配treat sb. as ...,是及物动词,意为“对待”。
【44题详解】
句意同上。treat位于不定式标志to之后,后加宾语them,构成固定搭配treat sb. to sth.,是及物动词,意为“招待,款待”。
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【45题答案】
【答案】including
【解析】
【详解】句意:文学作品《红楼梦》有120回,其中包括高鹗续写的40回。include“包括”为动词,此处需用介词including表示“包括……在内”,后接名词短语作宾语。
【46题答案】
【答案】into
【解析】
【详解】句意:政府提倡将垃圾分为四类:可回收垃圾、不可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。固定搭配classify ... into ...,意为“把……分类为……”。
【47题答案】
【答案】global
【解析】
【详解】句意:她所有的跑步都有一个明确的目的:引起人们对全球水资源问题的关注。空处需用形容词修饰名词短语water issues,名词globe的形容词形式是global,意为“全球的、全世界的”。
【48题答案】
【答案】Buried
【解析】
【详解】句意:专心致志地写一本科幻小说,她没有意识到外面开始下雨了。空处作状语,表主语所处的状态,bury的形容词buried“埋头于……的;沉浸于……的”,构成固定搭配buried in,句首单词首字母要大写。
【49题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】句意:我突然想到,为了报答她的帮助,我可以请这个女孩看一部引人入胜的戏剧。空处填to构成固定搭配treat sb. to sth.意为“招待某人吃/享用某物;请某人……”。
【50题答案】
【答案】with
【解析】
【详解】句意:一些学生确实意识到他们有幸能在明亮宽敞的教室里学习,然而其他人却对此习以为常。此处考查固定搭配be blessed with,意为 “有幸拥有;享有……的福气”,需填介词with。
【51题答案】
【答案】of
【解析】
【详解】句意:我怀疑这个所谓的诗人抄袭别人的诗歌,但我没有确凿的证据。空处填of构成固定搭配suspect sb. of doing sth.,表示“怀疑某人做某事”。
【52题答案】
【答案】to get
【解析】
【详解】句意:尽管天气严寒,我妈妈是第一个起床准备早餐的人。“the first + 不定式”是固定结构,表示“第一个做某事”,后接动词不定式作后置定语;此处应填get的不定式结构to get。
【53题答案】
【答案】to have graduated
【解析】
【详解】句意:这位据说毕业于剑桥大学的学者,将给我们做一场关于英国诗歌的讲座。空处放于is said后,根据结构“be said to do sth”可知,要填不定式,且graduate的动作已完成,要用不定式的完成式to have graduated“已毕业”,构成结构be said to have done“据说已经做过某事”。
【54题答案】
【答案】rarely
【解析】
【详解】句意:我认为她缺席是有充分理由的,因为她很少未经批准缺勤。空处修饰动词stays,要用副词,rare的副词为rarely“很少,难得”。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——基因工程
【55题答案】
【答案】参考范文
It is known that scientists have made great progress in cloning technology, which has brought about a heated debate over whether cloning is a blessing or a curse.
Some people think that we should be buried in developing cloning technology, bringing medical progress and helping the reproduction of endangered and even extinct species around the world. But on the other hand, many people are strongly opposed to it. They suspect that those who support cloning are morally wrong and would bring trouble to us humans.
As for me, I insist that on the one hand, we should promote its development, and on the other hand, we should strengthen the management of cloning technology. Only when we show great caution on this delicate issue can we be bound to benefit greatly from cloning.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生围绕克隆技术这一话题,介绍人们对此的不同观点,并表明自己的立场。
【详解】1.词汇积累
进步:progress → advancement
争论:debate → controversy
支持:support → advocate
反对:oppose → object to
促进:promote → boost
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句:Some people think that we should be buried in developing cloning technology, bringing medical progress and helping the reproduction of endangered and even extinct species around the world.
拓展句:Some people hold the view that we should be devoted to developing cloning technology, bringing medical advancement and helping the reproduction of endangered or even extinct species across the globe.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is known that scientists have made great progress in cloning technology, which has brought about a heated debate over whether cloning is a blessing or a curse.(运用了that引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Only when we show great caution on this delicate issue can we be bound to benefit greatly from cloning.(运用了“only+状语”置于句首的倒装结构)
【完成句子】
【56题答案】
【答案】Some people think that we should be buried in developing cloning technology, bringing medical progress and helping the reproduction of endangered and even extinct species around the world.
【解析】
【详解】句子陈述一般性观点,用一般现在时;“有些人认为”翻译为Some people think that,后接宾语从句,句首单词首字母大写;从句中“应该专心于做某事”用固定搭配should be buried in doing sth.,“发展克隆技术”为developing cloning technology;本句已有谓语动词think,句末用现在分词短语bringing ... and helping ...作自然结果状语,“带来医学进步”为bringing medical progress,“帮助世界各地濒危甚至灭绝物种的繁殖”为helping the reproduction of endangered and even extinct species around the world。
【57题答案】
【答案】But on the other hand, many people are strongly opposed to it.
【解析】
【详解】句子表示当下的情况,用一般现在时;“但另一方面”译为But on the other hand,句首单词首字母大写;“许多人”译为many people;“强烈反对”使用提示词短语be opposed to,主语为复数,be动词用are,副词strongly修饰形容词opposed。
【58题答案】
【答案】They suspect that those who support cloning are morally wrong and would bring trouble to us humans.
【解析】
【详解】句子描述当下的情况,用一般现在时,“他们”译为They,句首单词首字母大写;“怀疑”使用提示词结构suspect that …;“那些支持克隆的人”用who引导定语从句修饰先行词those,译为those who support cloning;“在道德上是错误的”译为are morally wrong;“会给我们人类带来麻烦”用would表推测,译为and would bring trouble to us humans。
【59题答案】
【答案】As for me, I insist that on the one hand, we should promote its development, and on the other hand, we should strengthen the management of cloning technology.
【解析】
【详解】“就我而言”译为As for me,置于句首首字母大写;“我坚持认为”译为I insist that ...,表当下的观点,用一般现在时,当insist表示“坚决主张、坚决要求”做某事时,其后的that宾语从句需使用(should) + 动词原形表虚拟;“一方面……,另一方面……”译为on the one hand ..., and on the other hand ...,连接并列句“我们应该促进其发展”译为we should promote its development,和“我们应该加强对克隆技术的管理”译为we should strengthen the management of cloning technology。
【60题答案】
【答案】Only when we show great caution on this delicate issue can we be bound to benefit greatly from cloning.
【解析】
【详解】“只有当”使用“only+状语从句”置于句首,引起主句部分倒装,句首单词首字母大写;“我们在这个微妙的问题上表现得非常谨慎”为when引导的时间状语从句,用正常语序,译为when we show great caution on this delicate issue,delicate issue对应“微妙的问题”;主句部分“才能从……中受益匪浅”需将情态动词can提至主语we之前构成倒装,“一定会”用固定结构be bound to,“从……中受益匪浅”译为benefit greatly from,完整译为can we be bound to benefit greatly from cloning。
续写积累提能练
语料运用【主题:“我是谁” 】
【61~68题答案】
【答案】61. who is blessed with a big family
62. He once suspected that
63. was pacing up and down in the room with a frown on his face
64. after jogging in the yard, he tiptoed to the bedroom
65. escaped quickly with his heart pounding wildly
66. he fled out of home he rushed to the hospital without delay
67. wandering leisurely
68. he hurried to the hospital
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了汤姆・史密斯做DNA检测认亲的经历。
【61题详解】
空处应翻译“他有幸拥有一个大家庭”,作定语从句修饰先行词a 17-year-old boy;“有幸做某事”常用搭配为be blessed with;先行词指人,关系代词用who,定语从句描述人物身份特征,可用一般现在时,be动词用is;“一个大家庭”译为a big family。
【62题详解】
空处应翻译“他曾经怀疑”,此处需填入主句及引导从句的连接词;“曾经”译为once,“怀疑”译为suspect,全文为过去时态,故用suspected;“怀疑”后接宾语从句,从句不缺成分,用连接词that引导。
【63题详解】
空处应翻译“皱着眉头在房间里踱来踱去”;“踱来踱去”译为pace up and down,讲述过去的故事,为一般过去时,故用paced;“在房间里”译为in the room;paced为谓语,“皱着眉头”用独立主格结构with a frown on his face作伴随状语。
【64题详解】
空处应翻译“在院子里慢跑后,他踮着脚尖来到卧室”,描述连续的过去动作;“在院子里慢跑后”译为after jogging in the yard;“踮着脚尖走”译为tiptoe,作谓语动词,过去式为tiptoed;“来到卧室”译为to the bedroom。
【65题详解】
空处应翻译“迅速逃离,他的心脏剧烈跳动”,与前文“managed to find some”构成并列谓语。“迅速逃离”译为escaped quickly;“他的心脏剧烈跳动”用独立主格结构(with + 宾语 + V-ing短语作宾补)作伴随状语,即with his heart pounding wildly。
【66题详解】
空处应翻译“他逃离了家,立即赶往医院”,描述后续动作,用一般过去时;时间状语从句“他逃离家”译为he fled out of home,flee的过去式为fled;主句“(他)赶往医院”译为he rushed to the hospital;“立即”译为without delay作状语,修饰动作。
【67题详解】
空处应翻译“悠闲地闲逛”,作伴随状语;stopped为谓语,“闲逛”译为wander,与逻辑主语he为主动关系,此处用现在分词wandering表示;“悠闲地”译为leisurely修饰动词。
【68题详解】
空处应翻译“他匆匆赶往医院”,作主句。“匆匆去某地”译为hurry to,过去式为 hurried;“医院”译为the hospital。
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