内容正文:
必修第二册
UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
There are always admirable figures in history with wisdom and a high reputation, whatever their careers are! They can be firefighters who put out fires, leaders on the ____1____ (politics) stage who fight for justice, and those who reform economic systems for the advances of mankind. They are intelligent, generous and have all human beings’ interest in mind. Apart from that, they have gained worldwide recognition and honour. Here are some ____2____ (example) .
Renowned Tu Youyou ____3____ (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015 and has high fame all over the world. The female medical scientist, together with her staff, found ____4____ effective drug to cure malaria. They had looked through a lot of medical literature and studied chemical properties of various herbs before they eventually came across the recipe, ____5____ held the potential to cure malaria, despite limited medical resources.
Daring and energetic Gandhi was respected because he led India to ____6____ (independent) from the UK in a peaceful way. In spite of being behind bars, passionate Gandhi undertook ____7____ (educate) prisoners to seize every opportunity to study. ____8____ (inspire) by him, Martin Luther King established some promising organisations and organised the peaceful protests and movements against evil racial discrimination. Many people know of his impressive, remarkable and inspiring speech I Have a Dream. Many other people engage in great tasks creatively and still others advocate ____9____ (help) people with disabilities.
In summary, judging from what they have done, they are regarded as heroes and are admired from generation to generation due to their intense passion or ongoing commitment ____10____ their careers.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 admirable adj.令人钦佩的;极其出色的(admire vt.钦佩;赞赏;欣赏admiring adj.赞赏的,钦佩的admiration n.钦佩;赞赏;羡慕)
(话题写作之人物描写)
11. I admire my boss ________ his ________ (admire) commitment to his career. Besides, we express ________ (admire) for his being generous. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
12. 同学们都跑到我面前,钦佩地惊叹:“你在写作比赛中获得了一等奖。”
My classmates all rushed to me and ________, “You have won first prize in the writing contest.”
(话题写作之传统文化)
13. 在中秋节的晚上,人们聚在一起享用盛宴并欣赏月亮。
On the evening of Mid-Autumn Day, people ________.
2 award vt.授予;给予n.奖,奖赏;奖金;奖品
14. Considering all the challenging tasks he had undertaken, it is not surprising that he got ________ award of up to50, 000 dollars. (用适当的词填空)
15. 虽然大卫是最后一个到达终点线的选手,但裁判们因为他的毅力和决心而给他颁发了鼓励奖。(award vt. )
While David was the last runner to reach the finishing line, judges ________ for his strong will and determination.
(读后续写之激动心情描写)
16. 当他因出色的表现而被授予一等奖时,他流下了激动的眼泪。(award vt. )
________, he shed tears of excitement.
(2025·北京卷读后续写)
17. 他们的应用程序在镇上迅速流行起来,甚至赢得了当地的青年创新奖。(award n.)
Their app quickly grew popular in town and even ________.
3 honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸vt.感到荣幸;尊敬(honourable adj.值得尊敬的;品格高尚的honoured adj.受尊敬的;感到荣幸的)
18. Zhang Zhongjing ________(honour) as a remarkable master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty, who used various herbs to cure numerous patients of severe diseases. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·天津,书面表达)(话题写作之传统节日)
19. 人们庆祝端午节以纪念屈原,他是一位伟大的富有激情的中国诗人。
People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival ________ Qu Yuan, who was a great and passionate Chinese poet.
20. 我非常荣幸有机会就一个与我们大家息息相关的问题——建设低碳校园——做演讲。
________ to deliver a speech on an issue that concerns us all— building a low-carbon campus.
4 impressive adj.令人钦佩的,给人印象深刻的(impression n.印象impress v.给……留下印象;使钦佩)
(话题写作之旅游景点介绍)
21. What is the most ________ (impress) about Jiuzhaigou National Park is its various waterfalls and colorful lakes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·上海1月,书面表达)
22. 我认为您精彩的讲座会给我们留下深刻的印象,激发我们对文学作品的热情。
I figure that ________, stimulating our passion for literary works.
(2022·浙江1月,应用文写作)
23. 在“中国——爱尔兰文化节”中让我印象最深刻的是文化沙龙,它帮助我一睹这两种文化的多样性和丰富性。
________ was the cultural salon at the China- Ireland Cultural Festival, which helped me gain a glimpse into the diversity and richness of the two cultures.
5 respect n. & vt.尊敬;敬佩n.方面(respectable adj.值得尊敬的respectful adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的respective adj.各自的,分别的respectively adv.分别,各自)
(读后续写之动作描写)
24. 我一直带着灿烂的微笑恭恭敬敬地向每一位顾客鞠躬。
________, wearing a big smile all the time.
(2024·天津3月,书面表达)
25. 任何时候都欢迎你来体验中国的科技进步,请代我向你的家人致意。
You are welcome at any time to experience the technological advances in China and ________.
(话题写作之人物介绍)
26. 在各方面,总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人,我不得不提到我的数学老师。我尊敬他是因为每当我们遇到困难时,他总能给予我们及时且慷慨的帮助。
_________, there are always _________ people. _________, I have to mention my maths teacher. I _________his timely and generous assistance whenever we come across difficulties.
6 regard vt.认为,看作;注视,打量n.关注;尊重;(pl.)问候,致意(regarding prep.关于,至于)
27. When you go home, please send my ________ (regard) to your parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(议论文写作之太空探索)
28. 关于太空探索,人们意见各异。一些人认为它是解决人类面临问题的一个非凡的方法。另一方面,探索太空被认为是浪费金钱。
________ space exploration, opinions vary from person to person. Some people ________ a remarkable way to solve the problems faced by mankind. On the other hand, exploring space ________ a waste of money.
7 awareness n.认识;意识(aware adj.意识到的;认识到的unaware adj.没意识到的)
29. The boy, totally ________ (aware) of the severe result of his movement, approached the wolf boldly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2022·全国甲,书面表达)
30. 据我所知,现在越来越多的人意识到海洋目前的糟糕状况。因此,应该开展更多的活动来增强人们海洋保护的意识。
________, now more and more people ________. Consequently, more activities should be launched to ________.
8 strike vi. & vt.突然发生(某种不幸) ;突然有坏的影响;打,击;打动,感动;划(火柴) ;罢工;突然想到;(雷电、暴风雨等) 袭击;(钟) 敲n.罢工(striking adj.显著的;突出的;引人注目的)
31. A good idea ________ (strike) us that we could protest the new rule by negotiating peacefully instead of being ________ strike and I strongly believed that we could achieve ________ (strike) results. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32. The film Jaws was so scary that it struck fear ________ people’s hearts. (用适当的词填空)
33. (读后续写之心理描写)被他为我做的事情感动,我无法控制自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。
________, I couldn’t contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. (运用过去分词短语作状语)
(2024·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
34. Gunter突然想到他可以抄近路在约定的时间把我送到目的地,我松了口气。
________ to transport me to the destination at the appointed time and I sighed in relief.
9 design vt. & n.计划,设计(designer n.设计师)
35. We didn’t know whether the journalist did it ________ design or accident.(用适当的词填空)
(2024·上海1月,书面表达)
36. 这个讲座是专门为那些对英国文学感兴趣的学生设计的,所以我写信告诉你两个可以立即引起他们兴趣的问题。
________, so I am writing to inform you of the two questions that can immediately attract their interest.
(2023·上海6月,书面表达)
37. 我们学校将举办“快乐童年展” ,旨在鼓励我们珍惜童年,用创造力追求梦想。
Our school will hold a Happy Childhood Exhibition ________ and pursue dreams with creativity.
10 come across (偶遇;偶然发现;被理解)
(应用文写作之建议信)
用come短语的适当形式填空
____38____ English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. Firstly, when you ____39____ unfamiliar words, don’t always refer to the dictionary. Besides, when teachers’ questions ____40____ in class, you should try to ____41____ answers. Lastly, even if you fail, you must say to yourself encouragingly, “____42____!” All in all, whatever ____43____, it will eventually ____44____ that you can make progress in English with determination.
11 due to由于;因为(due adj.预期的;预定的;到期的;应付的;应有的)
45. The train that the famous novelist takes is due ________ (arrive) at 11: 15 am. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2023·全国甲,书面表达)
46. 正是由于我对历史的热爱,我学到了很多人生智慧。
It is ________ my love for history that I have learned a lot of life wisdom.
12 状语从句的省略When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”屠呦呦感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣,她说:“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
47. He opened his mouth as if ________ (say) something grateful. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
48. When ________ (inform) of the good news that I got first prize in the contest, I jumped for joy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2023·北京,书面表达)
49. 如果可能的话,你可以组织一次环绕北京的徒步旅行,探索绿色空间,这将让参与者体验城市公园和花园的美丽,同时促进环保交通。
________, you can organize a walking tour around Beijing to explore the green spaces, which will allow participants to experience the beauty of the city’s parks and gardens ________.
13 not only… but also…… Thus, not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.因此,他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄,在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。
(2023·天津6月,书面表达)
50. Not only my foreign classmates but also my head teacher ________(be) keen on making Chinese knots.(所给词的适当形式填空)
(2022·天津6月,书面表达)
51. 正如短视频所示,为了提高英语口语,社团成员不仅在课堂上说英语,而且在英语角说英语。到目前为止,不仅我而且其他每一个成员都取得了很大的进步。
As is shown in the short video clip, to improve oral English, club members speak English ________. So far not only I but also each of the other members ________.
(2024·上海6月,书面表达)
52. 你的父母不仅会尊重你的爱好,还会给你提供一些指导。
Not only ________ but they also will provide you with some guidance.
14 too... to... So you can see, I’m too busy with living to think of giving up! 所以你可以看到,我忙于生活,无暇考虑是否放弃!
(话题写作之长城)
53. 我非常高兴地得知您对长城感兴趣。长城太壮观而不容错过。正如一句老话所说:“不到长城非好汉。” 因此,我怎么强调爬长城的意义都不过分。
________ you are keen on the Great Wall. The Great Wall is________. Just as an old saying goes, “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” So ________.
(2026·浙江1月)
54. 是因为材料在第一次阅读时太难理解还是因为你睡着了?
Is it because the material is ________ or because you are asleep?
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The boy who had rough skin① skinned② a banana and then threw its skin③ into the rubbish bin.
①____55____②____56____③____57____
写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
I always regard① your father as the most respectable person, who pays regard② to other people’s feelings, and I have high regard③ for him. Whenever I am frustrated, he will regard④ me with concern in his eyes, comforting and encouraging me. Therefore, please give my regards⑤ to him when you return home.
①____58____②____59____③____60____④____61____⑤____62____
写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
My boss advanced① towards me, patted me on the shoulder and advanced② an idea that I should go back to college to advance③ my career, promising to advance④ my next year’s salary to me. I spared no effort to advance⑤ in my studies, swearing that I would work for the company after graduation.
①____63____②____64____③____65____④____66____⑤____67____
写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
With the clock striking① nine, it struck② me that my brother would be on strike③ together with his colleagues. Although a rainstorm was striking④ the city, I put on my coat, drove my car and dashed for the spot, where my brother was unluckily struck⑤ by a tree branch on the head. What struck⑥ me most was that his workmates were rushing him to hospital.
①____68____②____69____③____70____④____71____⑤____72____⑥____73____
写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
My father engaged① a tutor to improve my maths and the teacher’s teaching methods engaged② my interest. Besides, the teacher strongly suggested that I should engage③ in regular exercise.
①____74____ ②____75____③____76____
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
77. Listening to the story about how the explorer survived the whirlpool, we looked at him with ________ (admire). (所给词的适当形式填空)
78. ________ (judge) from his cheerful expression, he must have won the battle. (所给词的适当形式填空)
79. I feel greatly ________ (honour) to give a lecture about how to deal with the greenhouse effect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
80. His honesty left a deep ________ (impress) on me and that was why he was given the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
81. The firefighters rescued many people trapped in the ruins and their bravery was really ________ (respect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
82. Tang poetry, which is regarded ________ a treasure in Chinese literature, has influenced generations of writers. (用适当的词填空)
83. In order to arouse the public ________ (aware) of wildlife protection, the Students’ Council is going to organize an English speech contest with the theme of “Living in Harmony”. (所给词的适当形式填空)
84. ________ struck me that I could learn to conduct an experiment by observing the students ahead of me. (用适当的词填空)
85. The brochure is specially designed ________ the women living in remote villages. (用适当的词填空)
86. He was awarded ________ his great contributions to the disaster-stricken area.(用适当的词填空)
87. I am writing to invite you to attend the lecture designed ________ (improve) your interest in insects.(所给词的适当形式填空)
88. When ________ (give) a lecture about ecology, he was interrupted by scary noises. (所给词的适当形式填空)
89. To buy a vehicle, he undertook ________ (take) another part- time job to make more money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
90. To lessen economic losses, I strongly advocate ________ (make) a scientific plan in advance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
91. Engaging ________ more colorful after- class activities proves to be rewarding and beneficial to our development.(用适当的词填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——人物介绍
(2023·天津3月)
92. 假如你是晨光中学学生李津。你的英国朋友Chris正在学习中文,上周他在邮件中询问你“活雷锋”是什么意思,请根据以下提示回复邮件:
1.解释什么是“活雷锋” ;
2.介绍一位你身边的活雷锋;
3.鼓励他继续学习中文。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
93. 得知你不知道什么是“活雷锋” ,我写信告诉你一些相关的事情。(be unaware of;现在分词短语作状语)(汉译英)
__________________________________________________________
94. 活雷锋不仅继承了雷锋的精神,而且在当今社会做着雷锋曾经做过的事情。(not only … but also …的倒装结构)(汉译英)
__________________________________________________________
95. 当看到别人有困难时,他总是不辞辛劳地伸出援助之手,他因此赢得了同事和邻居的热烈赞扬。(状语从句的省略; “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句)(汉译英)
__________________________________________________________
96. 就我个人而言,正是由于他的慷慨和善良,我将他视作我的榜样。(due to;regard;强调句型)(汉译英)
__________________________________________________________
97. 如果你遇到任何关于中文的问题,我非常愿意帮助你成为一个活雷锋。(too… to…)(汉译英)
__________________________________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
__________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用【主题:追求科学】
Intelligent and energetic, Jeremy desired to go on a field trip to the Museum of Natural History when he was in 6th grade, but unluckily he fell ill, ____98____ (独立主格) . He was pressed to take medicine and fell asleep soon. ____99____ (无灵主语) . When he awoke, his father asked him to meet renowned and generous Professor Helfand, who would allow him to visit his observatory. ____100____ (形容词作状语). ____101____, with a smile flashing across his face. When seeing many big bright stars, he froze there, and then ____102____. When the professor invited him to join his team, he ____103____ and he just kept nodding his head in disbelief.
聪明又精力充沛的杰里米六年级时想去自然历史博物馆进行实地考察,但不幸的是他病了,失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。他被督促着吃了药,很快就睡着了。一想到要错过这次实地考察,绝望就笼罩了他。当他醒来时,他的父亲让他去见著名且慷慨的赫尔方教授,他允许他参观他的天文台。他又困惑又惊讶,目瞪口呆地望着教授。似乎过了很长一段时间,他才从震惊中回过神来,脸上闪过一丝微笑。当看到许多又大又亮的星星时,他愣在那里,然后惊奇地叫了一声。当教授邀请他加入他的团队时,他惊讶得一句话也说不出来,只是难以置信地不停地点着头。
必修第二册
UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. political
2. examples
3. was awarded
4. an 5. which
6. independence
7. to educate
8. Inspired
9. helping 10. to
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了历史上令人敬佩的人物,阐述了他们的贡献与精神。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他们可以是灭火的消防员、为正义奋斗的政治舞台上的领袖,以及为人类进步改革经济制度的人。此处用形容词修饰名词stage,名词politics变形为形容词形式political。故填political。
【2题详解】
考查名词。句意:这里有一些例子。Here are some后接可数名词复数,example复数形式是examples。故填examples。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:著名的屠呦呦在2015年被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,在全世界享有盛誉。此处缺谓语动词,根据时间状语“in 2015”以及主语与award为被动关系可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语态,award意为“授予”,其过去分词是awarded,主语是单数,be动词用was。故填was awarded。
【4题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意:这位女医学家与她的团队发现了一种治疗疟疾的有效药物。根据“found ... effective drug”可知,此处需填不定冠词,泛指一种有效药物,effective以元音音素开头,需填不定冠词an。故填an。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:尽管医疗资源有限,他们查阅了大量医学文献,研究了各种草药的化学性质,最终才偶然发现了这个有可能治愈疟疾的药方。“... held the potential to cure malaria, despite limited medical resources.”是非限制性定语从句,先行词为recipe,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
【6题详解】
考查名词。句意:勇敢且精力充沛的甘地受人尊敬,因为他以和平方式带领印度脱离英国获得独立。根据“lead ... to ...”可知,to为介词,后接名词,independent意为“独立的”,名词形式是independence,不可数。故填independence。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:即使身陷囹圄,热情的甘地仍承担教育囚犯的责任,抓住一切机会学习。该句undertook为谓语,空处应用非谓语形式,undertake to do sth.意为“承担做某事”,为固定搭配。故填to educate。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:受他鼓舞,马丁·路德·金建立了一些有前途的组织,组织了反对邪恶种族歧视的和平抗议和运动。句中established为谓语,空处应用非谓语形式,Martin Luther King与inspire为被动关系,用过去分词作状语,句首首字母大写,inspire意为“鼓舞”,过去分词是inspired。故填Inspired。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:许多其他人创造性地从事伟大的事业,还有许多人倡导帮助残疾人。句中advocate为谓语,空处应用非谓语形式,advocate doing sth.意为“倡导做某事”,为固定搭配。故填helping。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意:总之,从他们的所作所为来看,由于对事业的强烈热情和不懈的奉献,他们被视为英雄,世世代代受人敬仰。commitment to意为“对……的奉献”,为固定搭配。故填to。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 admirable adj.令人钦佩的;极其出色的(admire vt.钦佩;赞赏;欣赏admiring adj.赞赏的,钦佩的admiration n.钦佩;赞赏;羡慕)
(话题写作之人物描写)
【11题答案】
【答案】 ①. for ②. admirable ③. admiration
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、名词和形容词。句意:我钦佩我的老板对事业的投入。此外,我们对他的慷慨表达钦佩。第一空:“admire sb. for sth.”是固定搭配,意为“因某事钦佩某人”,此处用介词for引出钦佩的原因;第二空:此处修饰名词commitment,需用形容词admirable,意为“令人钦佩的”;第三空:“express admiration for ...”是固定搭配,意为“对……表达钦佩”,此处用名词admiration作express的宾语,故填①for;②admirable;③admiration。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【12题答案】
【答案】exclaimed with/in admiration
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“钦佩地惊叹”;句子时态为一般过去时,与前面的rushed保持一致;“惊叹”翻译为exclaimed,用过去式;“钦佩地”用固定搭配with admiration/in admiration,在句中作状语,两种表达都符合语境。故填exclaimed with/in admiration。
(话题写作之传统文化)
【13题答案】
【答案】get together to enjoy a feast and admire the moon
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和并列结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“聚在一起享用盛宴并欣赏月亮”;句子陈述传统习俗,时态为一般现在时;“聚在一起”翻译为get together,在句中作谓语,主语people为复数,谓语动词用原形;“享用盛宴并欣赏月亮”用不定式to enjoy a feast and admire the moon作目的状语,and连接并列的动词短语enjoy a feast和admire the moon。故填get together to enjoy a feast and admire the moon。
2 award vt.授予;给予n.奖,奖赏;奖金;奖品
【14题答案】
【答案】an
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意:考虑到他承担的所有具有挑战性的任务,他获得一笔高达5万美元的奖金并不令人惊讶。空处修饰可数名词单数award,表泛指,且award发音以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an。故填an。
【15题答案】
【答案】awarded him an encouragement prize/awarded an encouragement prize to him
【解析】
【详解】空处应翻译“给他颁发了鼓励奖”;句子描述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时;“颁发”译为award,其过去式为awarded,“给某人颁发某物”有两种表达方式,award sb. sth.或award sth. to sb.;“鼓励奖”译为an encouragement prize。
(读后续写之激动心情描写)
【16题答案】
【答案】When (he was) awarded first prize for his excellent performance
【解析】
【详解】考查语态与时间状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“当他因出色的表现而被授予一等奖时”;句子描述过去发生的事件,主句为一般过去时,从句也用一般过去时;“他”与“授予”为被动关系,使用被动语态be awarded,主语一致时可省略he was;“一等奖”为first prize,“因出色的表现”为for his excellent performance。故填When (he was) awarded first prize for his excellent performance。
(2025·北京卷读后续写)
【17题答案】
【答案】won a local youth innovation award
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和名词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“赢得了当地的青年创新奖”;句子描述过去发生的连贯动作,时态为一般过去时,与前半句grew popular时态保持一致;“赢得”翻译为win,在句中作谓语,需用过去式won;“当地的青年创新奖”翻译为a local youth innovation award,为可数名词短语,前面需加不定冠词a,在句中作宾语。故填won a local youth innovation award。
3 honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸vt.感到荣幸;尊敬(honourable adj.值得尊敬的;品格高尚的honoured adj.受尊敬的;感到荣幸的)
【18题答案】
【答案】has been honoured
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:张仲景自东汉以来就被誉为杰出的医学大家,他用各类草药治愈了无数身患重病的患者。honour作主句谓语,根据时间状语“since the Eastern Han Dynasty”可知,此处时态应用现在完成时“have +过去分词”,honour与Zhang Zhongjing之间是被动关系,主语为第三人称单数。故填has been honoured。
(2024·天津,书面表达)(话题写作之传统节日)
【19题答案】
【答案】in honour of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“以纪念”;“in honour of”是固定短语,意为“为了纪念、向……表示敬意”,在句中作目的状语,符合语境。故填in honour of。
【20题答案】
【答案】It is a great honour for me to have the opportunity/I feel it a great honour to have the opportunity/I feel greatly honoured to have the opportunity
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、形式主语及非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“我非常荣幸有机会”;句子陈述客观情况,时态为一般现在时。本句可使用It is a great honour for sb.to do sth.这一固定句型,其中it作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式短语,也可使用sb. feel it a great honour to do sth.或sb. feel greatly honoured to do sth.的结构,“有机会”翻译为have the opportunity。故填It is a great honour for me to have the opportunity/I feel it a great honour to have the opportunity/I feel greatly honoured to have the opportunity。
4 impressive adj.令人钦佩的,给人印象深刻的(impression n.印象impress v.给……留下印象;使钦佩)
(话题写作之旅游景点介绍)
【21题答案】
【答案】impressive
【解析】
【详解】句意:九寨沟国家公园最令人印象深刻的是它多样的瀑布和色彩斑斓的湖泊。根据“What is the most ...”可知,此处是“what”引导的主语从句,从句中缺少形容词作表语;impress的形容词“impressive”意为“令人印象深刻的”。
(2024·上海1月,书面表达)
【22题答案】
【答案】your awesome lecture will leave a deep impression on us/ you will impress us with your awesome lecture/ you will impress your awesome lecture on our memory/we will be impressed with your awesome lecture
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“您精彩的讲座会给我们留下深刻的印象”;句子陈述对未来的预期,时态为一般将来时;“给某人留下深刻印象”常见表达为leave a deep impression on sb./impress sb. with sth./impress sth. on one’s memory/be impressed with sth.;“您精彩的讲座”翻译为your awesome lecture。故填your awesome lecture will leave a deep impression on us/you will impress us with your awesome lecture/you will impress your awesome lecture on our memory/we will be impressed with your awesome lecture。
(2022·浙江1月,应用文写作)
【23题答案】
【答案】What impressed me most
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“让我印象最深刻的是”;句子描述过去的经历,时态为一般过去时;“让某人印象最深刻的是……”用主语从句What impressed sb. most表达,What在从句中作主语,impress用过去式impressed,“我”用me,句首单词首字母大写。故填What impressed me most。
5 respect n. & vt.尊敬;敬佩n.方面(respectable adj.值得尊敬的respectful adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的respective adj.各自的,分别的respectively adv.分别,各自)
(读后续写之动作描写)
【24题答案】
【答案】I bowed respectfully to every customer
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、副词和名词用法。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“我恭恭敬敬地向每一位顾客鞠躬”;句子描述过去发生的具体行为,时态为一般过去时;“我”翻译为I,在句中作主语;“鞠躬”翻译为bow,作谓语,时态为一般过去时,故用过去式bowed;“恭恭敬敬地”翻译为respectfully,是副词,修饰动词bowed;“向每一位顾客”翻译为to every customer,在句中作状语。故填I bowed respectfully to every customer。
(2024·天津3月,书面表达)
【25题答案】
【答案】please give/ send my respects to your family
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和祈使句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“请代我向你的家人致意”;句子为祈使句,用动词原形开头;“代某人向……致意”用固定表达give/ send one’s respects to ...;“我”用my,“你的家人”翻译为your family,“请”用please,符合语境,两种表达都正确。故填please give/send my respects to your family。
(话题写作之人物介绍)
【26题答案】
【答案】 ①. In every respect/In all respects ②. respectable ③. With respect to/In respect of ④. respect him for
【解析】
【26题详解】
考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“在各方面”;In every respect/In all respects是固定短语,意为“在各方面、在各个方面”,位于句首首字母大写。故填In every respect/In all respects。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“值得尊敬的”;此处修饰名词people,需用形容词respectable,意为“值得尊敬的、体面的”。故填respectable。
【28题详解】
考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“关于”;With respect to/In respect of是固定短语,意为“关于、至于”,位于句首首字母大写。故填With respect to/In respect of。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“尊敬他是因为”;respect sb. for sth.是固定短语,意为“因某事尊敬某人”;句子陈述客观事实,时态为一般现在时,主语是I ,谓语动词用原形。故填respect him for。
6 regard vt.认为,看作;注视,打量n.关注;尊重;(pl.)问候,致意(regarding prep.关于,至于)
【27题答案】
【答案】regards
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:当你回家时,请代我向你的父母问好。固定表达send one’s regards to sb.,意思是“向某人问好”,regard表示问候时常用复数形式,在句中作宾语。故填regards。
(议论文写作之太空探索)
【28题答案】
【答案】 ①. With/ In regard to/ Regarding ②. regard it as ③. is regarded as
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文,围绕“太空探索”这一话题,呈现了两种对立的观点:有人认为它是解决人类问题的非凡手段,也有人认为这是对金钱的浪费。
【详解】考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致及语态。根据英汉意思对比可知,设空处分别应填“关于”、“认为它是”及“被认为是”。句子描述人们的态度,用一般现在时。“关于”常用固定表达With/In regard to/Regarding,位于句首首字母大写;“认为它是”翻译为regard it as,句子为一般现在时,主语Some people是复数,谓语动词用原形;“被认为是”使用被动语态be regarded as,动名词作主语,谓语用单数,be动词用is。故填①With/In regard to/Regarding;②regard it as;③is regarded as。
7 awareness n.认识;意识(aware adj.意识到的;认识到的unaware adj.没意识到的)
【29题答案】
【答案】unaware
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个男孩完全没有意识到他的行为会带来的严重后果,大胆地靠近了狼。根据语境“boldly”可知,男孩是“没有意识到”后果的;aware意为“意识到的”,其否定形式unaware意为“未意识到的、不知道的”,在句中作后置定语修饰主语The boy,符合语境。故填unaware。
(2022·全国甲,书面表达)
【30题答案】
【答案】 ①. As far as I’m aware ②. are/become aware of the terrible situation of oceans at present ③. raise/strengthen people’s awareness of ocean protection
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、时态、主谓一致和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“据我所知”,“意识到海洋目前的糟糕状况”和“增强人们海洋保护的意识”。第一空:“As far as I’m aware”是固定表达,意为“据我所知”,用于句首作状语,句首单词首字母大写;第二空:句子陈述事实,时态为一般现在时;主语“more and more people”为复数,谓语动词用原形;“意识到”用固定搭配be aware of/ become aware of;“海洋目前的糟糕状况”翻译为the terrible situation of oceans at present,符合语境;第三空:此处用不定式作目的状语,to后接动词原形;“增强/提高”可翻译为raise/ strengthen;“人们的……意识”用people’s awareness of ...;“海洋保护”翻译为ocean protection。故填①As far as I’m aware;②are/become aware of the terrible situation of oceans at present;③raise/strengthen people’s awareness of ocean protection。
8 strike vi. & vt.突然发生(某种不幸) ;突然有坏的影响;打,击;打动,感动;划(火柴) ;罢工;突然想到;(雷电、暴风雨等) 袭击;(钟) 敲n.罢工(striking adj.显著的;突出的;引人注目的)
【31题答案】
【答案】 ①. struck ②. on ③. striking
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、介词和形容词。句意:我们突然想到一个好主意:我们可以通过和平谈判而非罢工来抗议这项新规定,并且我坚信我们能取得显著的成果。第一空:根据后文“believed”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,主语A good idea与strike为主动关系,strike的过去式为struck;第二空:be on strike是固定短语,意为“举行罢工”,符合语境;第三空:此处修饰名词results,需用形容词striking,意为“显著的、惊人的”,故填①struck;②on;③striking。
【32题答案】
【答案】into
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:《大白鲨》这部电影太吓人了,它让恐惧深入了人们的心中。strike fear into sb.’s heart是固定短语,意为“使恐惧深入某人的心中”,符合语境。故填into。
【33题答案】
【答案】Struck by/ with what he had done for me
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“被他为我做的事情感动”;句子谓语动词是couldn’t contain,“被……所感动”需用分词作状语,常用struck by/with ...表达,主语是I 与“感动”之间为被动关系,需用过去分词struck;“他为我做的事情”用宾语从句what he had done for me表达,作介词by/with的宾语,此处表示过去的过去发生的事情,用过去完成时;句首单词首字母大写。故填Struck by/with what he had done for me。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【34题答案】
【答案】It struck Gunter that he could take a shortcut
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“Gunter突然想到他可以抄近路”;句子描述过去发生的事情,时态为一般过去时;“某人突然想到……”使用固定句型It struck sb. that ...,其中it作形式主语,that引导主语从句;从句中“可以”用情态动词could,后接动词原形,“抄近路”为固定短语take a shortcut。故填It struck Gunter that he could take a shortcut。
9 design vt. & n.计划,设计(designer n.设计师)
【35题答案】
【答案】by
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们不知道这名记者是故意还是意外地做了这件事。“by design”是固定短语,意为“故意地、蓄意地”,与“by accident”构成并列对比,符合语境。故填by。
(2024·上海1月,书面表达)
【36题答案】
【答案】The lecture is specially designed for those students (who are) interested in English literature
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态和后置定语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“这个讲座是专门为那些对英国文学感兴趣的学生设计的”;句子陈述客观安排,时态为一般现在时;“讲座”译为the lecture,“设计”译为design,“讲座”与“设计”为被动关系,使用一般现在时被动语态is designed;“专门”用副词specially修饰动词;“对英国文学感兴趣”可表达为(be) interested in English literature,作后置定语或省略关系词who与be动词的定语从句。故填The lecture is specially designed for those students (who are) interested in English literature。
(2023·上海6月,书面表达)
【37题答案】
【答案】(which is) designed to inspire us to cherish our childhood
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、定语从句及固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,设空处应填“旨在鼓励我们珍惜童年”。“旨在”用be designed to表达,展览和design之间是被动关系,因此用designed作后置定语;也可以用定语从句表达,先行词是a Happy Childhood Exhibition,引导词用which,译为which is designed to;“鼓励某人做某事”译为inspire sb to do sth,“珍惜童年”译为cherish our childhood。故填(which is) designed to inspire us to cherish our childhood。
10 come across (偶遇;偶然发现;被理解)
(应用文写作之建议信)
【38~44题答案】
【答案】38. When it comes to
39. come across
40. come up
41. come up with
42. Come on
43. comes about
44. come out
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,文章主要围绕英语学习展开,针对遇到生词、课堂提问、面对失败等不同学习场景,给出了实用的学习建议。
【38题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意:说到英语学习,我有以下实用建议分享给你。“当提到……、说到……”用固定短语when it comes to ...,用于引出话题,位于句首首字母大写。故填When it comes to。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语及时态。句意:首先,当你遇到不熟悉的单词时,不要总是查词典。“遇到、偶然发现”用固定短语come across;句子描述习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语是you,谓语动词用原形。故填come across。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语及时态。句意:此外,当课堂上老师提出问题时,你应该努力想出答案。“(问题等)被提出、出现”用固定短语come up;句子描述习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语是teachers’ questions,谓语动词用原形。故填come up。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意:此外,当课堂上老师提出问题时,你应该努力想出答案。“想出、提出(主意、答案等)”用固定短语come up with;try to do sth.“尝试做某事”是固定结构,to后接动词原形。故填come up with。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:最后,即使你失败了,你也要鼓励自己说:“加油!”“加油、振作起来”用固定短语come on,用于鼓励他人/自己,位于句首首字母大写。故填Come on。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语及时态。句意:总而言之,无论发生什么,只要你有决心,最终一定会证明你能在英语上取得进步。“发生、产生”用固定短语come about;句子描述习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语是whatever,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填comes about。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语及时态。句意:总而言之,无论发生什么,只要你有决心,最终一定会证明你能在英语上取得进步。“最终显现、证明”用固定短语come out;will是一般将来时的助动词,后接动词原形。故填come out。
11 due to由于;因为(due adj.预期的;预定的;到期的;应付的;应有的)
【45题答案】
【答案】to arrive
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意:载着这位著名小说家的火车预计上午11:15到达。“be due to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“预计做某事、预定做某事”,be due后接不定式作表语,因此arrive用不定式形式to arrive。故填to arrive。
(2023·全国甲,书面表达)
【46题答案】
【答案】due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ because of/ on account of
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型与介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“由于”;“由于”常见表达为due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ because of/ on account of,均用于后接名词短语my love for history。故填due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ because of/ on account of。
12 状语从句的省略When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”屠呦呦感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣,她说:“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
【47题答案】
【答案】to say
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他张开嘴,好像要说些感激的话。根据“as if ... something grateful”可知,此处考查as if to do sth.结构,表示“好像要做某事”,to say在句中表示将要发生的动作。故填to say。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【48题答案】
【答案】informed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当被告知我在比赛中获得一等奖的好消息时,我高兴地跳了起来。句子主语I与inform之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词作时间状语,inform的过去分词为informed。故填informed。
(2023·北京,书面表达)
【49题答案】
【答案】 ①. If possible ②. while promoting eco-friendly transportation
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句和非谓语动词。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“如果可能的话”和“同时促进环保交通”。第一空:“如果可能的话”完整表达为If it is possible;在状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句含be动词时,可省略主语和be动词,因此省略为If possible,句首单词首字母大写;第二空:句子主语which指代前文“组织徒步旅行”这件事,与“promote”为主动关系,因此用现在分词promoting作伴随状语;“同时”用while体现伴随逻辑,“环保交通”翻译为eco-friendly transportation。故填①If possible;②while promoting eco-friendly transportation。
13 not only… but also…… Thus, not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life.因此,他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄,在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。
(2023·天津6月,书面表达)
【50题答案】
【答案】is
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不仅我的外国同学,而且我的班主任也热衷于制作中国结。本句使用not only ... but also ...连接两个并列主语,遵循“就近原则”,谓语动词的单复数由靠近它的主语决定;就近主语是my head teacher,是单数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式;句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时;所以此处be动词用is。故填is。
(2022·天津6月,书面表达)
【51题答案】
【答案】 ①. not only in class but also at the English corner ②. has made great progress
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“不仅在课堂上,而且在英语角”和“都取得了很大的进步”;第一空:“不仅……而且……”用固定结构not only ... but also ...;“在课堂上”翻译为in class,“在英语角”翻译为at the English corner,符合语境;第二空:“到目前为止”是现在完成时的标志词,时态为现在完成时;“not only ... but also ...”连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,与离它最近的主语each of the other members保持一致,each作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数,因此助动词用has;“取得很大的进步”用固定搭配make great progress,make的过去分词为made。故填①not only in class but also at the English corner;②has made great progress。
(2024·上海6月,书面表达)
【52题答案】
【答案】will your parents respect your hobby
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装结构、时态和主谓一致。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“你的父母不仅会尊重你的爱好”;“Not only”位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装结构,将助动词will提到主语your parents之前;句子描述将来的情况,时态为一般将来时;“尊重你的爱好”翻译为respect your hobby,will后接动词原形。故填will your parents respect your hobby。
14 too... to... So you can see, I’m too busy with living to think of giving up! 所以你可以看到,我忙于生活,无暇考虑是否放弃!
(话题写作之长城)
【53题答案】
【答案】 ①. I am too pleased to learn that ②. too spectacular to miss ③. I can’t stress the significance of climbing the Great Wall too much
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配,时态和宾语从句。对比中英文句子可知,第一空意为“我非常高兴地得知”,第二空意为“太壮观而不容错过”,第三空意为“我怎么强调爬长城的意义都不过分”,本句描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,“非常高兴地做某事”是be too pleased to do,主语是I,be动词用am,“得知”是learn,其后跟that引导的宾语从句,因此第一空是“I am too pleased to learn that”;“太……而不能……”是too...to do,“壮观的”是spectacular,“错过”是miss,因此第二空是too spectacular to miss;“怎么做某事都不过分”是固定搭配can’t do sth. too much,“强调爬长城的意义”是stress the significance of climbing the Great Wall,因此第三空是I can’t stress the significance of climbing the Great Wall too much。故填I am too pleased to learn that,too spectacular to miss,I can’t stress the significance of climbing the Great Wall too much。
(2026·浙江1月)
【54题答案】
【答案】too difficult to comprehend on the first reading
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“在第一次阅读时太难理解”;too ... to ...是固定结构,意为“太……而不能……”,difficult表示“难的”,comprehend表示“理解”,on the first reading表示“在第一次阅读时”。故填too difficult to comprehend on the first reading。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
【55~57题答案】
【答案】55. n.皮肤
56. vt.剥去……的皮
57. n.(植物、果实等的)外皮,壳
【解析】
【55题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:那个皮肤粗糙的男孩剥了一根香蕉,然后把香蕉皮扔进了垃圾桶。根据“rough skin”可知,此处skin为名词,指“男孩粗糙的皮肤”。故填:n.皮肤。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:同上。根据“skinned a banana”可知,此处skinned作谓语,指“剥去……的皮”。故填:vt.剥去……的皮。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:同上。根据“threw its skin”可知,此处skin为名词,指“香蕉的外皮”。故填:n.(植物、果实等的)外皮,壳。
【58~62题答案】
【答案】58. vt. 认为,看作
59. n. 关注 60. n. 尊重
61. vt. 注视,打量
62. n. 问候,致意
【解析】
【58题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我一直把你的父亲看作最可敬的人。根据句子结构“regard sb. as ...”可知,此处regard在句中作谓语,为及物动词,词义为“认为,看作”。故答案为:vt. 认为,看作。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:他会关注他人的感受。根据固定搭配“pay regard to ...”可知,此处regard在句中作宾语,为名词,词义为“关注”。故答案为:n. 关注。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:我对他怀有极高的尊重。根据固定搭配“have high regard for ...”可知,此处regard在句中作宾语,为名词,词义为“尊重”。故答案为:n. 尊重。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:每当我受挫时,他都会用关切的眼神注视我,安慰并鼓励我。根据句子结构可知,此处regard在句中作谓语,为及物动词,词义为“注视,打量”。故答案为:vt. 注视,打量。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:因此,你回家时请代我向他致以问候。根据固定搭配“give one’s regards to sb.”可知,此处regards在句中作宾语,为名词,词义为“问候,致意”。故答案为:n. 问候,致意。
【63~67题答案】
【答案】63. vi. 前进
64. vt. 提出 65. vt. 促进,推动
66. vt. 预支(钱)
67. vi. 进展,进步
【解析】
【63题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我的老板朝我走来,拍了拍我的肩膀,并提议我重返大学深造以推进我的职业生涯,还承诺提前支付我下一年的薪水。根据“towards me”可知,此处描述的是老板的动作,advance作不及物动词,词义为“前进”。故填:vi. 前进。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。根据“an idea”可知,此处描述的是提出想法的动作,advance作及物动词,词义为“提出”。故填:vt. 提出。
【65题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。根据“my career”可知,此处描述的是推动职业发展的动作,advance作及物动词,词义为“促进,推动”。故填:vt. 促进,推动。
【66题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。根据“my next year’s salary”可知,此处描述的是预支薪资的动作,advance作及物动词,词义为“预支(钱)”。故填:vt. 预支(钱)。
【67题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我竭尽全力在学业上取得进步,并发誓毕业后将为公司工作。根据“in my studies”可知,此处描述的是学业上的进展,advance作不及物动词,词义为“进展,进步”。故填:vi. 进展,进步。
【68~73题答案】
【答案】68. v. (钟)敲
69. v.突然想到 70. n.罢工
71. v. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击
72. v.打,击 73. v.打动,感动
【解析】
【68题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:随着时钟敲响九点,我突然想到我哥哥将和他的同事们一起罢工。根据“with the clock striking nine”是with复合结构,striking的逻辑主语是clock(时钟),结合“nine”这一时间语境可知,striking此处表示“(钟)敲” ,词性为动词(现在分词形式)。故填:v. (钟)敲。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:同上。根据“struck”在句中作谓语,是动词strike的过去式,符合固定句型It strikes sb. that...(某人突然想到……),结合语境可知,struck意为“突然想到”。故填:v.突然想到。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:同上。根据“strike”在介词on后作宾语,为名词,结合固定短语on strike(在罢工)以及“colleagues”(同事)的职场语境可知,strike意为“罢工”。故填:n.罢工。
【71题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:尽管一场暴雨正在袭击这座城市,我穿上外套,开车冲向那个地点。根据“striking”作谓语,是动词strike的现在分词形式(构成过去进行时),主语为“a rainstorm”,宾语为“the city”,结合自然灾害的语境可知,striking意为“(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击”。故填:v. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击。
【72题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:在那里我哥哥不幸被一根树枝击中了头部。根据“struck”是动词strike的过去分词,构成被动语态was struck by ...(被……击中),结合“a tree branch”和“on the head”的动作场景可知,struck意为“打,击”。故填:v.打,击。
【73题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:最打动我的是他的工友们正急忙送他去医院。根据“struck”在主语从句中作谓语,是动词strike的过去式,宾语为“me”,结合后文工友送医的暖心场景可知,struck此处意为“打动,感动”。故填:v.打动,感动。
【74~76题答案】
【答案】74. vt. 雇用;聘请
75. vt. 吸引 76. vi. 参与;参加
【解析】
【74题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我父亲雇了一位家教来提高我的数学成绩,老师的教学方法引起了我的兴趣。此外,老师强烈建议我应该定期参加锻炼。根据“a tutor”可知,此处描述的是父亲聘请家教的动作,engage作及物动词,词义为“雇用,聘请”。故填:vt. 雇用;聘请。
【75题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:同上。根据“my interest”可知,此处描述的是教学方法吸引兴趣的动作,engage作及物动词,词义为“吸引”。故填:vt. 吸引。
【76题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:同上。根据“in regular exercise”可知,此处描述的是参与锻炼的动作,engage作不及物动词,词义为“参与,参加”。故填:vi. 参与;参加。
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【77题答案】
【答案】admiration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:听着这位探险家如何在漩涡中幸存下来的故事,我们钦佩地看着他。根据介词with可知,此处需要名词作宾语;admire为动词,其名词形式admiration意为“钦佩、赞赏”,不可数名词。故填admiration。
【78题答案】
【答案】Judging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从他愉悦的表情判断,他一定赢得了这场战斗。空处为独立成分作状语,需用现在分词形式,judge的现在分词为judging,judging from … 是固定独立状语,意为“根据……判断”,空处放句首首字母要大写,Judging from his cheerful expression意为“从他愉悦的表情判断”。故填Judging。
【79题答案】
【答案】honoured
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和固定搭配。句意:我很荣幸能做一场关于如何应对温室效应的讲座。“feel honoured to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“很荣幸做某事”,此处用形容词honoured作表语,描述主语I的感受。故填honoured。
【80题答案】
【答案】impression
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的诚实给我留下了深刻的印象,那就是他得到这份工作的原因。空处位于形容词deep后,且有不定冠词a修饰,需用可数名词单数形式,impress的名词为impression,意为“印象”,leave a deep impression on me意为“给我留下深刻印象”。故填impression。
【81题答案】
【答案】respectable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:消防员们救出了许多被困在废墟中的人,他们的勇敢真的令人敬佩。句子描述客观事实,此处需要形容词作表语,修饰主语“their bravery”;respect为名词/动词,其形容词形式respectable意为“值得尊敬的、令人敬佩的”,符合语境。故填respectable。
【82题答案】
【答案】as
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:唐诗被视为中国文学中的瑰宝,影响了一代又一代的作家。“be regarded as ...”是固定搭配,意为“被视为……、被认为是……”,符合此处“唐诗被视为中国文学瑰宝”的语境。故填as。
【83题答案】
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了唤起公众保护野生动物的意识,学生会将组织一场以“和谐共处”为主题的英语演讲比赛。句中“the public ...”为形容词性短语,修饰名词;形容词aware名词形式为awareness,意为“意识,认识”,不可数名词。固定搭配“arouse the public awareness of ...”表示“唤起公众对……的意识”。故填awareness。
【84题答案】
【答案】It
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型及代词。句意:我突然想到,我可以通过观察前面的学生来学习做实验。空处为形式主语,指代后面that引导的真正主语从句,“It strikes/struck sb that …”为固定句型,意为“我突然想到……”,空处缺形式主语it,放句首首字母大写。故填It。
【85题答案】
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:这本小册子是专门为生活在偏远村庄的妇女设计的。be designed for sb.是固定短语,意为“为某人专门设计、针对某人设计”。故填for。
【86题答案】
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:他因对灾区的巨大贡献而被授予奖项。根据“was awarded”以及“his great contributions”可知,此处考查“be awarded for ...”这一固定搭配,意为“因……而被授予(奖项等)” 。故填for。
【87题答案】
【答案】to improve
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我写信是为了邀请你参加这个旨在提高你对昆虫兴趣的讲座。此处用不定式作目的状语,用来表示讲座的设计目的,因此用improve的不定式形式to improve。故填to improve。
【88题答案】
【答案】giving
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他正在做一场关于生态学的讲座时,被可怕的噪音打断了。“when + 现在分词”作时间状语,句子主语he与give之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式giving,相当于时间状语从句When he was giving a lecture about ecology的省略。故填giving。
【89题答案】
【答案】to take
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了买车,他承诺从事另一份兼职工作来赚更多的钱。“undertake to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“承诺/着手做某事”,undertake后接不定式作宾语,因此take用不定式形式to take。故填to take。
【90题答案】
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意:为了减少经济损失,我强烈主张提前制定一份科学的计划。“advocate doing sth.”是固定搭配,意为“主张/提倡做某事”,advocate后接动名词作宾语,因此make用动名词形式making。故填making。
【91题答案】
【答案】in
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:参与更丰富多彩的课外活动被证明是有益的,对我们的发展很有好处。engage in是固定短语,意为“参与、从事、投身于”。故填in。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——人物介绍
(2023·天津3月)
【92题答案】
【答案】参考范文
Dear Chris,
How are you? Learning that you are unaware of what “a living Lei Feng” is, I’m writing to tell you something relevant.
Lei Feng is a role model for the Chinese people because he was always willing and ready to help those in need. Not only does a living Lei Feng inherit the spirit of Lei Feng but he/ she also does what Lei Feng used to do in the present society. My brother is a person like this. When seeing others in trouble, he always goes out of his way to offer a hand, for which he has won warm praises from both his workmates and neighbours. Personally, it is due to his generosity and kindness that I regard him as my role model.
I hope that my introduction may be helpful to you and that you make even greater progress in learning Chinese. If you come across any questions concerning Chinese, I am too willing to help you in being a living Lei Feng.
Yours,
Li Jin
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以晨光中学学生李津的身份,给正在学习中文的英国朋友Chris写一封回信,解释“活雷锋”的含义、介绍身边的活雷锋,并鼓励对方继续学习中文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
榜样:role model → example
在我看来:personally → in my opinion
不遗余力:go out of one’s way → spare no effort
进步:progress → improvement
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Lei Feng is a role model for the Chinese people because he was always willing and ready to help those in need.
拓展句:Lei Feng, who is a role model for the Chinese people, was always willing and ready to help those in need.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only does a living Lei Feng inherit the spirit of Lei Feng but he/she also does what Lei Feng used to do in the present society.(运用了Not only ... but also ...引导的部分倒装结构以及what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】When seeing others in trouble, he always goes out of his way to offer a hand, for which he has won warm praises from both his workmates and neighbours.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句,以及which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【完成句子】
【93题答案】
【答案】Learning that you are unaware of what “a living Lei Feng” is, I’m writing to tell you something relevant.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定搭配和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“得知你不知道什么是‘活雷锋’”在句中作状语,主语I与“learn”为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式Learning;“不知道”用固定搭配be unaware of,从句主语为you,be动词用are;“我写信告诉你一些相关的事情”中,“写信做某事”用固定结构I’m writing to do sth.;“相关的事情”翻译为something relevant,符合语境。故翻译为Learning that you are unaware of what “a living Lei Feng” is, I’m writing to tell you something relevant.
【94题答案】
【答案】Not only does a living Lei Feng inherit the spirit of Lei Feng but he/she also does what Lei Feng used to do in the present society.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装结构、时态和固定搭配。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“不仅……而且……”用固定结构not only ... but also ...,当not only位于句首时,其后的分句需用部分倒装结构,即将助动词提到主语前;主语a living Lei Feng为第三人称单数,因此助动词用does,原谓语动词inherit用原形;“雷锋的精神”翻译为the spirit of Lei Feng;but also后的分句用正常语序,主语he/she为第三人称单数,谓语动词does用第三人称单数形式;“雷锋曾经做过的事情”用宾语从句what Lei Feng used to do,其中used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”;“在当今社会”翻译为in the present society,作地点状语。故翻译为Not only does a living Lei Feng inherit the spirit of Lei Feng but he/she also does what Lei Feng used to do in the present society.
【95题答案】
【答案】When seeing others in trouble, he always goes out of his way to offer a hand, for which he has won warm praises from both his workmates and neighbours.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、定语从句和时态。句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时;“当看到别人有困难时”可省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,用现在分词短语When seeing others in trouble作时间状语;“不辞辛劳地伸出援助之手”用固定搭配go out of one’s way to offer a hand,主语是he,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式goes;“他因此赢得了同事和邻居的热烈赞扬”用“介词 + 关系代词”for which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前文整个句子;“赢得”用现在完成时has won强调对现在的影响,“热烈赞扬”为warm praises,“同事和邻居”译为from both his workmates and neighbours。故翻译为When seeing others in trouble, he always goes out of his way to offer a hand, for which he has won warm praises from both his workmates and neighbours.
【96题答案】
【答案】Personally, it is due to his generosity and kindness that I regard him as my role model.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型、固定搭配和时态。主句描述持续的看法,用一般现在时;强调句型结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+ that +其余部分”。“就我个人而言”译为Personally,置于句首,首字母大写;“正是由于……”用it is due to ... that ... 强调句型,“他的慷慨和善良”译为his generosity and kindness,“就我个人而言,正是由于他的慷慨和善良”译为Personally, it is due to his generosity and kindness;“把某人视作……”用固定搭配regard sb. as ...,“我的榜样”译为my role model,“我将他视作我的榜样”译为that I regard him as my role model。故翻译为:Personally, it is due to his generosity and kindness that I regard him as my role model.
【97题答案】
【答案】If you come across any questions concerning Chinese, I am too willing to help you in being a living Lei Feng.
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句、固定短语和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“如果”引导条件状语从句,用If,句首单词首字母大写;“遇到”用固定短语come across,从句主语为you,谓语动词用原形;“任何关于中文的问题”翻译为any questions concerning Chinese,其中concerning作介词,表示“关于”;“我非常愿意”用固定结构too willing to ...,此处too ... to ...结构中,若too后接表示积极意义的形容词,则表示“非常……”,主语为I,be动词用am;“帮你成为一个活雷锋”翻译为help you in being a living Lei Feng,help sb. in doing sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”,符合语境。故翻译为If you come across any questions concerning Chinese, I am too willing to help you in being a living Lei Feng.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
__________________________________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用【主题:追求科学】
【98~103题答案】
【答案】98. tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks
99. Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip
100. Confused and astonished, he gaped at the professor, wide-eyed
101. After what seemed like a long time, he recovered from shock
102. gave a cry of surprise
103. was too astonished to utter a word
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了六年级学生杰里米因生病错失自然历史博物馆实地考察后,在父亲安排下结识赫尔方教授,受邀参观天文台,见到星空时惊喜万分,最终被教授邀请加入团队、激动不已的故事。
【98题详解】
考查独立主格结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来”;句子主语是he,空处为独立主格结构作伴随状语,“失望的泪水”翻译为tears of disappointment,在独立主格中作逻辑主语;“顺着……流下来”翻译为stream down,此处用现在分词streaming作逻辑谓语,表示主动;“他的脸颊”翻译为his cheeks,作介词down的宾语。故填tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks。
【99题详解】
考查无灵主语句。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“一想到要错过这次实地考察,绝望就笼罩了他”;句子陈述过去发生的事,时态为一般过去时;“绝望”翻译为Despair,在句中作主语;“笼罩”翻译为seize,此处用过去式seized作谓语;“他”翻译为him作宾语;“一想到……”为固定短语at the thought of ...;“错过这次实地考察”翻译为missing the field trip,作介词of的宾语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip。
【100题详解】
考查形容词作状语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“他又困惑又惊讶,目瞪口呆地望着教授”;空处为形容词作状语,“又困惑又惊讶”翻译为Confused and astonished,在句中作伴随状语,修饰主语he;“他”翻译为he作主语;“目瞪口呆地望着”翻译为gaped at,此处用过去式gaped作谓语;“教授”翻译为the professor作宾语;“目瞪口呆地”补充为wide-eyed作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Confused and astonished, he gaped at the professor, wide-eyed。
【101题详解】
考查时间状语从句和固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“似乎过了很长一段时间,他才从震惊中回过神来”;“似乎过了很长一段时间”为时间状语从句,翻译为After what seemed like a long time;“他”翻译为he作主语;“从……中回过神来”为固定短语recover from ...,此处用过去式recovered作谓语;“震惊”翻译为shock作宾语,句首单词首字母大写。故填After what seemed like a long time, he recovered from shock。
【102题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“惊奇地叫了一声”;句子主语是he,时态为一般过去时,与前文froze保持一致;“叫了一声”为固定短语give a cry,此处用过去式gave;“惊奇地”翻译为of surprise作后置定语修饰cry。故填gave a cry of surprise。
【103题详解】
考查固定结构和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“惊讶得一句话也说不出来”;句子主语是he,时态为一般过去时;“太……而不能……”为固定结构too ... to ...;“惊讶的”翻译为astonished作表语;“说出一句话”翻译为utter a word作结果状语。故填was too astonished to utter a word。
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