专题03 阅读理解之说明文（5年汇编）（河南专用）2022-2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语说明文阅读理解，汇编2022-2026河南中考真题及模拟题，覆盖细节理解、主旨大意等5类考点，素材融合科技（如阳光与情绪）、文化（如剪纸）等，适配中考命题趋势。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|约50题|细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、数字计算、词义猜测|细节理解跨段定位（2026真题），推理判断融入本土文化（如豫剧），新增图文匹配、信息回填等创新考法，素材涵盖自然科学、传统文化|

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 5年真题1年模拟 考点分类 河南考情（2022-2026） 命题规律 考点01 细节理解 2026年3题；2025年3题；2024年4题；2023年2题；2022年2题 每年占比最高，答案可直接在原文定位，近年选项设置更为隐蔽，信息多分散于多个段落，常结合图表、数据、注释综合判断，局部截取原文设置干扰项。2026 年出现明显变化，题目信息分散在多个段落，要求学生跨段定位整合，新增图文匹配、数字计算类陷阱，干扰项多截取片段原文，提升信息筛选难度。 考点02 主旨大意 2026年1题；2023年1题；2022年1题 常以最佳标题、写作目的设问，高频使用main purpose类问法，侧重考查科普价值、文化内涵提炼，不能仅凭个别段落概括全文。 考点03 推理判断 2025年1题；2024年1题；2022年2题 侧重推断文章出处、作者隐含观点、后续发展方向，需要依托全文逻辑推导，不能直接摘抄原文，选项干扰性逐年增强。2026 年新增信息回填、情节匹配新颖考法，选材大量融入洛阳水席、剪纸、豫剧等河南本土文化，作答不仅要依托细节，还要契合正向价值导向，单纯字面理解难以得出正确答案。 考点04 数字计算 2026年1题；2025年1题；2023年2题 考查频次稳定，多围绕实验数据、时间、数量换算设题，干扰项常忽略限定条件、单位要求设置陷阱，需要整合多处数据运算判断。 考点05词义猜测题 2024年1题；2023年1题；2022年1题 说明文为该题型高频载体，依托上下文同义替换、因果、转折逻辑推断科普类生词，需要结合说明对象特征综合分析。 （2026·河南·中考真题） Did you notice how nature sometimes repeats itself? Something that repeats is called a pattern. There are many patterns for you to study and learn. Look around you. Patterns are everywhere. You may see bright and colorful patterns if you look at fish in the sea. In a bee’s honeycomb, the six-sided shape is repeated many times. Some leaves always have five points on them. Listening carefully, you will find a noisy world. Dogs bark, the rain falls and the wind blows. Are these patterns? Of course! Sounds that repeat are patterns. A cricket (蟋蟀) uses its wings to make repeated chirping (啁啾叫) sounds. Do you know that a cricket’s chirp changes with the temperature? The hotter it is, the more chirps a cricket will make. Try to find out how living things grow around you. Seeds (种子) grow into plants. A butterfly begins life as an egg. Each living thing has its own pattern as it grows. When a human baby is born, it is small. With time, the baby learns to lift its head and learns to roll over. Finally, the baby learns to stand up and walk. This kind of pattern is called a pattern of development. If something happens over and over, it, too, forms a pattern. For example, you get up at 7:00 every morning. You get dressed and then eat breakfast at 7:30 a.m. If you repeat this many times, it becomes a pattern. Having a music class every Monday is a pattern. So is going to school five days a week and having Saturday and Sunday off. It seems as if the world is full of patterns. Just think—without patterns, the world would be much harder to study! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What makes the pattern in a bee’s honeycomb? A．The shape. B．The color. C．The taste. D．The weight. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Patterns you can see. B．Patterns you can hear. C．Patterns you can smell. D．Patterns you can touch. 3．Which picture shows “a pattern of development”? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Getting up at 7:00 every morning. B．Eating breakfast at 7:30 a.m. C．Something happening over and over. D．Going to school five days a week. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share knowledge of patterns. B．To discuss when patterns were found. C．To explain why patterns are beautiful. D．To show the difficulty of studying patterns. （2025·河南·中考真题） Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 6．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in the text? A．stay in B．care about C．dream of D．depend on 7．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits B．How light influences people through chemicals. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．Which chemical is thought to be more important. 8．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 9．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text? A．By staying indoors a lot. B．By taking in more fresh air. C．By doing some exercise. D．By using man-made lights. 10．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. （2024·河南·中考真题） An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 12．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 13．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 14．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 15．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. （2023·河南·中考真题） Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun. There is also energy that comes from wind and water. But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move. Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers. Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later. People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground. Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey. 17．What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text? A．Falls down suddenly. B．Breaks up completely. C．Moves up and down slowly. D．Turns round and round quickly. 18．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The future of new energy. B．The forms of world’s energy. C．Using bicycle-powered energy. D．Producing bicycle-powered energy. 19．What do we know about bicycle-powered energy? A．It can’t be seen in schools. B．It comes from wind and water. C．It can be stored and used later. D．It’s from power lines overhead. 20．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Friends Forever B．Unit 2 Dream of the Stars C．Unit 3 The Value of Money D．Unit 4 The World of Science （2022·河南·中考真题） There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．What animals blow bubbles when they sleep? A．Sea otters. B．Monkeys. C．Desert frogs. D．Parrotfish. 22．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A．They rest with their eyes open. B．They never sleep curled up in a ball. C．They wake up now and then in winter. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 23．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The forest where monkeys sleep safely. B．The animals that sleep above the ground. C．The reason why bees climb down into flowers. D．The ways that keep animals away from danger. 24．What is the structure of the passage? (P-Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Where animals live? B．Why animals move? C．How animals sleep? D．What animals feed on? （2026·河南周口·三模） Bionics is a new useful science that takes ideas from animals and plants to invent new machines or tools. In recent years, many high-tech products around our daily life come from bionic research. Lots of scientists spend years studying natural creatures to solve human production problems. The lotus leaf effect is one famous bionic discovery. People find raindrops roll off clean lotus leaves without staying, and dirt falls away together with water drops. After repeated experiments, scientists find the leaf surface has special tiny uneven structures. Based on this discovery, researchers developed self-cleaning paint and waterproof building materials. Walls painted with this paint never get dirty easily even in rainy days, which greatly cuts down building cleaning cost for modern cities. Another popular bionic design comes from kingfishers. Kingfisher birds dive into water from high air with almost no loud noise. Japanese train designers studied the bird’s pointed beak and changed the front shape of high-speed bullet trains. Before the change, trains made sharp loud sounds when rushing out of tunnels and disturbed nearby residents. After improving the head like kingfisher’s mouth, train noise dropped by over 50% and running speed rose as well. Plants also bring great invention inspiration. The sticky burrs on grass seeds stick tightly to animal fur. A Swiss engineer got inspiration and invented Velcro, the widely-used sticky fastener used on clothes, schoolbags and sports shoes all over the world. Scientists believe nature is the best invention textbook. More bionic products will appear in daily life with continuous natural research in the future. 1．What is bionics according to Paragraph 1? A．Study of living things’ living habits. B．Invent new things by learning from nature. C．Research on different kinds of plants. D．Production of new environmental materials. 2．Lotus leaf’s special structure helps invent ________. A．High-speed train head B．Sticky fastener C．Self-cleaning coating D．Diving equipment 3．Why did designers change bullet train’s front? A．To make trains run faster and more quietly. B．To cut the cost of train production. C．To make trains look more beautiful. D．To let trains pass tunnels more safely. 4．Who invented Velcro from burr feature? A．Chinese scientist. B．Japanese designer. C．Swiss engineer. D．American biologist. 5．The text is mainly developed by ________. A．Listing examples B．Giving numbers C．Comparing differences D．Following time order （2026·河南周口·三模） Have you ever noticed that your body feels different when you’re nervous? Maybe before a speech, your hands get cold, or your face turns warm. But scientists have found that your nose also goes through some changes. Researchers at the University of Sussex recorded 29 people with a special camera to see what happened when they were stressed. First, the volunteers listened to white noise to calm down. Then they had to finish two different tasks in front of strangers. They had to give an unplanned (即兴的) speech and they had to do maths in their head, saying the answers out loud. The study found that people’s nose temperature dropped by 3℃~6℃ when they’re under pressure. Normally, people’s nose temperature is between 32℃ and 35℃. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important for people to find dangerous situations. Once the stress is over, the blood returns to normal within a few minutes. Gillian Forrester, who led the study, also said that how long it takes someone’s nose to return to its normal temperature could help show how well they manage their stress. The study could help more than humans. Stress also changes blood flow in primates’ (灵长类动物) faces. Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better, since they cannot describe it. As Gillian Forrester said, “We’ve studied them to better understand ourselves. It’s time to give back.” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 6．Which word can take the place of “go through” in Paragraph 1? A．Practise. B．Experience. C．Search. D．Accept. 7．Which of the following activities did the volunteers do during the study? A．Watch a speech. B．Make white noise. C．Solve math problems. D．Record the temperature. 8．According to Paragraph 3, which picture shows the study result? A． B． C． D． 9．Which of the following is an opinion according to the text? A．Stress changes blood flow in primates’ faces. B．The study could help humans as well as primates. C．People’s normal nose temperature is between 32℃ and 35℃. D．Volunteers had to finish two different tasks in front of strangers. 10．What does Gillian Forrester mean according to her words in the last paragraph? A．They want to send all primates back to the forests. B．They want to return home after finishing the study. C．They want to understand primates and make them feel better. D．They want to continue the study and learn more about humans. （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Look around your classroom. Pick up your pen. Throw a ball. Which hand do you use? If you use your left hand, you are one of about 10% of people in the world. But why are some people left-handed while most people are right-handed? Studies show that handedness (偏手倾向) is often passed down in families. When both parents are right-handed, their children most probably follow suit. However, when both parents are left-handed, their children have a 40% chance of being left-handed. Interestingly, even twins with the same genes (基因) can have different handedness. Clearly, something beyond genes is also at work. The answer appears to be hidden inside our heads. The human brain has two halves, and each half controls the opposite side of the body. For most right-handed people, the left half controls language. This function (功能) is closely connected with movement control. Left-handers are different. About 70% of left-handers use the left half for language, while about 30% use the right half or both of them. Dr. Brinkman, a brain researcher, says that this difference might help left-handers recover (恢复) language abilities faster after certain harm to the brain. This may be because a left-handed person’s brain is more flexible (灵活的). Left-handers use both sides of their brain more evenly. In one experiment, left-handers scored pictures on the left side of a screen more positively, while right-handers preferred pictures on the right. It seems that the hand we prefer influences how we think! So, are left-handers more creative or talented? Not necessarily. While many famous artists and musicians are left-handed, scientists have found no clear evidence that left-handers are more gifted. However, left-handers do face some challenges in the world designed for right-handers, such as scissors and school desks made for right-handed people. Even the word “right” itself can suggest that “right” means “correct”. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．Which of the following can take the place of “follow suit” in Paragraph 2? A．Do the same thing. B．Ask for help. C．Use their left hands. D．Become different. 12．According to Dr. Brinkman, what might be the advantage of left-handers? A．They can use both hands well. B．They always think more positively. C．They have better language skills. D．They may get language abilities back faster. 13．What can we learn from the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Most people prefer to use their right hands. B．Pictures on the left side of a screen look better. C．Handedness may influence people’s preferences. D．Left-handers and right-handers see things the same way. 14．What can we infer from the text? A．Everyone should try to use both hands well. B．There are more left-handed people in the world. C．The brain influences whether people are left-handed. D．Left-handed people are often better at sports and music. 15．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this text? A．To explain the challenges left-handers face in daily life. B．To help readers understand handedness and its influence. C．To tell readers how to train themselves to be left-handed. D．To show the difference between left-handers and right-handers. （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Light pollution is a global problem. It is caused by artificial (人造的) light. Artificial light brightens the natural darkness and tricks birds into thinking it is daytime for longer than it is. Then birds stay awake longer. The following is a study on this. In the study, scientists studied more than four million bird calls from Bird Weather. Bird Weather is a project in which members of the public collect the information. People send in recordings of birdsong and Bird Weather uses AI to identify (识别) the sounds. Bird Weather then uses that information to study birds’ behaviour and population changes. Researchers listened to birdsong from the mornings and evenings when the birds were most active. They found that birds in towns or cities, which have lots of light pollution, sang for an average (平均数) of 50 minutes longer every day. They started about 20 minutes earlier in the morning and then continued for about 30 minutes more in the evening. This means birds in light-polluted areas are active for longer each day than birds in the countryside. Researchers also found that not all birds behaved similarly toward artificial light. The birds with larger eyes were influenced more easily, but small-eyed birds showed less change. Even so, the reduced (减少的) sleep time can be bad for those birds. In reality, light pollution influences not only birds but also sea animals. The good news is that light pollution is reversible. We can turn off lights when they’re not needed and use outdoor lighting only when we have to. Each one of us can make a difference! Let’s take action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．How many bird calls are studied according to the text? A．More than four million calls. B．About fifty thousand calls. C．More than five million calls. D．Nearly four thousand calls. 17．How does the writer show the result of the study in Paragraph 3? A．By describing reasons. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 18．Which of the following can take the place of “is reversible” in the text? A．is famous B．is different C．can be changed D．can be caused 19．Which of the following may be influenced by artificial light least easily? A． B． C． D． 20．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A．To tell people the importance of protecting birds. B．To teach people how to identify different bird calls. C．To call on people to take action to reduce light pollution. D．To describe the differences between city and country life. （2026·河南三门峡·三模） Have you ever wanted to share the taste of a delicious dish with a friend far away, only to find that words and pictures fall short of presenting the full experience? A new invention called e-Taste might solve this problem! Developed by scientists at Ohio State University in the US, this tool helps improve digital (数字的) experiences by adding “tastes” to them. However, creating digital tastes is challenging. Taste is about sensing real molecules that come out when food is cut into pieces in our mouths or when we drink. The molecules activate certain cells (细胞) on the tongue (舌头), the inside top part of the mouth, and the back of the throat. These cells send messages to a part of the brain called the thalamus. It then sends the messages to other brain areas, helping us distinguish tastes. E-Taste uses a special “digital tongue” to check the levels of five chemicals (化学物质) in foods and drinks that are responsible for the five basic tastes. It records the information and sends it to another part of the tool. This part gives off liquids (液体) that include the five chemicals. By drinking the liquids, people can taste the foods and drinks no matter where they are. Real-world tests of e-Taste go well. It works even when these two parts are placed in different cities thousands of kilometers apart. Volunteers can tell foods like fish soup correctly almost 87% of the time. Looking ahead, scientists plan to try new taste types. They also want to study the tool’s effect on different people, since taste has a lot to do with human feelings and memory. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．How does the writer lead into the topic of e-Taste? A．By telling a joke. B．By using an old saying. C．By asking a question. D．By making a survey. 22．What does the underlined word “activate” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Wake up. B．Clean up. C．Break down. D．Cut down. 23．What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A．Why e-Taste is special. B．Where e-Taste is tested. C．How e-Taste works. D．How e-Taste was invented. 24．What can we learn about the performance of e-Taste in real-world tests? A．It changes human feelings and memory. B．It has the same influence on different people. C．It works with its parts placed in different cities. D．It tells all kinds of foods correctly 87% of the time. 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Digital taste is challenging B．E-Taste is popular in real life C．An achievement in taste-sharing D．The future of taste-sharing tools （2026·河南周口·二模） What are insects like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them? Insects are very interesting animals. They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working. Scientists have studied different kinds of insects very closely. According to their studies, even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work. Have you ever seen a little fly called a sawfly? It gets such a name because it has a saw (锯子) that is used on plants to create a safe space for its eggs. After laying its eggs, the sawfly makes some glue. The glue fixes the eggs to where they are laid. Another insect that has its own natural tool is the poppy bee. The bees live in wood. Like people who make things out of wood, poppy bees use special tools to dig nests out of wood. They dig and clean out the nest to make it ready for use. When all is ready, poppy bees cut out pieces of leaves in the shape of a nest. They then join the pieces together and put them into the nest. Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools. For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests. There are more insects than any other living things in the world. Every insect is special. The more you notice them, the more they will surprise you. 26．What are insects like according to the first paragraph? A．Small and lazy. B．Small but smart. C．Big and strong. D．Interesting but weak. 27．Why is the small fly named “sawfly”? A．Because it can make saws for plants. B．Because it uses a saw to protect its eggs. C．Because it looks like a small saw. D．Because it likes playing with a saw. 28．Where do poppy bees build their nests? A．In the leaves. B．In the water. C．In the wood. D．In the grass. 29．What can we infer about insects from the passage? A．Insects know how to use tools smartly. B．All insects live and play in water. C．Insects are the strongest animals on Earth. D．Scientists know little about insects. 30．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Insects are small and easy to find. B．Different insects have different living places. C．Insects are special and good at using natural tools. D．Ants are the cleverest insects in the world. （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Floods (洪水) are a serious and growing problem around the world. They happen when too much water covers land. Each year, they bring great danger and damage (损害) to people’s lives and homes. Understanding this problem is the first step in finding solutions (解决办法). Floods are becoming more common. A big reason is that the Earth’s temperature is rising. Warmer air holds more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Another big reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Big waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by 2100, big floods that used to happen only once every 100 years may happen every year. Many cities could then face great danger. Floods create serious problems. According to a report, over 19 million people were forced to leave their homes in a single year because of flooding—that’s like moving almost the whole country of the Netherlands (荷兰). Floods damage roads, bridges, and schools. In the United States, they cause a loss of billions of dollars every year. After a flood, it can be hard to find food, and dirty water can spread illnesses. So, what can we do? Early warning tools can tell people when floods are coming, giving them time to reach safety. Building sea walls can help stop floodwater. Experts are also creating “sponge cities” by building special streets and parks that take in rainwater. But in some places, the safest plan may be “managed retreat”, which means moving people away from areas that flood repeatedly. Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our communities. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31．What causes floods according to the text? ①Big waves.    ②Earthquakes.    ③Rising sea levels.    ④The rising temperature. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 32．Why does the writer mention the Netherlands in Paragraph 3? A．To help people understand the large number. B．To explain why the country has serious floods. C．To show how many people lost their homes in the country. D．To give an example of a country that helps people in floods. 33．Which of the following words can take the place of “retreat” in Paragraph 4? A．safety B．warning C．building D．movement 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ways to deal with floods. B．Dangers brought by floods. C．Advice from scientists on floods. D．Causes of floods. 35．What is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Do you often play ball? Have you ever wondered which of your balls can bounce（反弹）the highest? You can find out by trying this simple test. To begin with, you will need a few different balls, such as a basketball, a soccer ball, and a tennis ball. Use what you have on hand. Do this test inside a room, but before you start, ask your parents where you can do this to make sure you won’t break anything or get hurt. The next thing to do is to prepare a piece of paper to write down what you see. Draw a table with three columns（列）. In the first column, write the name of the ball. In the second column, you will later record how high it bounces. In the third column, you will record how many times it bounces. Now, find an empty wall. Stick a note on it at a certain height. This will be your starting line. Release each ball, one at a time, from this line. When each ball bounces up, stick a note on the wall where it reaches the highest point. Write the ball’s name on that note. After that, use a ruler to measure（测量）how high each note is. Write that number in the second column on your paper. Then, drop each ball one more time. This time, count how many times it jumps up and down before it stops. Write that number in the third column. Now look at your paper. Which ball bounces the highest? Which one jumps the most times? Is it the same ball? This fun test helps you learn by doing. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 36．Why should you ask your parents before you do the test? A．To make the test simpler. B．To get more kinds of balls. C．To make sure the test is safe. D．To have them record the results. 37．Which of the following is supposed to be used in the test? A． B． C． D． 38．What does the underlined word “Release” mean? A．Let something fall down. B．Throw something with force. C．Hold something in the air. D．Move something up quickly. 39．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．How to get the balls ready. B．How to record the test results. C．How to compare different balls. D．How to find a good place for the test. 40．What’s the purpose of the three questions in the last paragraph? A．To show students what the final test results are. B．To interest students in learning about ball games. C．To make sure all students follow the correct steps. D．To encourage students to think about the test results. （2026·河南周口·三模） Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese folk art with a history of more than 1,500 years. It was listed in the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2009. Most paper cuttings are red, because red stands for good luck and happiness in Chinese culture. Wang Xiuying, a 68-year-old paper cutting master from Luoyang, Henan, has practiced this skill for 52 years. When she was 16, her grandma taught her basic cutting skills. At first, her fingers were often cut by sharp scissors, and her paper works looked ugly. But she never gave up. She practiced for four hours every day after finishing farm work. Slowly, she could cut vivid patterns—lively rabbits, blooming peonies, flying phoenixes and cute kids. In the past, paper cuttings were mainly used for festivals and weddings. People stuck them on windows, doors and walls to wish for a peaceful life. Now Wang Xiuying wants more young people to know this old art. She gives free lessons at local middle schools every Wednesday afternoon. Many students show great interest. Some students even create new styles: they mix paper cutting with cartoon characters and English letters, making traditional art fit modern tastes. Wang also sells her works online. Her store on a shopping platform gets hundreds of orders every month. Some foreign visitors buy her cuttings as special Chinese gifts. “Paper cutting is our cultural treasure. I hope it can be passed down from generation to generation,” Wang said with a big smile. She plans to make simple teaching videos and post them online so that people all over China can learn this skill easily. 41．When did paper cutting become world intangible cultural heritage? A．In 1500. B．In 2009. C．In 1958. D．In 2026. 42．How old was Wang Xiuying when she started learning paper cutting? A．16. B．26. C．52. D．68. 43．Where does Wang give free lessons? A．At her home. B．At farm fields. C．At local middle schools. D．At an art museum. 44．What new change do young students bring to paper cutting? A．They only cut red paper now. B．They combine it with modern elements. C．They stop using scissors. D．They sell works to foreign countries. 45．What’s Wang’s future plan? A．Open a big offline shop. B．Travel around the world to show art. C．Make online teaching videos. D．Stop teaching and rest at home. （2026·河南洛阳·三模） Chinese opera is one of the world’s three oldest theatrical (戏剧) art forms, together with Greek Theatre and Indian Opera. With over 2,000 years of history, it has developed into many local styles based on different customs, such as Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera and Yu Opera. Beijing Opera, our national treasure, mixes the best of all these styles. They are the five major operas of China. It is a beautiful blend of arts. It grew from folk songs, dances, talking, funny plays, and special local music. Gradually, it combined music, art, and literature into one wonderful stage performance. Facial make-up is a key highlight. Performers use special skills to paint exaggerated (夸张的) patterns on their faces. Each pattern stands for a character’s personality, like being brave or honest. What fascinates people most is the amazing kung fu and acrobatics (杂技). Actors can breathe out fire, run while squatting (蹲), or act like spirits and dwarfs (侏儒). These exciting shows make Chinese opera a beloved art form that carries our traditional culture and stories. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 46．Which of the following is one of the five major dramas of China? A．Greek Theatre. B．Pingju Opera. C．Qinqiang Opera. D．Jin Opera. 47．What can we infer about Beijing Opera from the passage? A．It is the oldest opera style in China. B．It only uses kung fu and acrobatics. C．It has no connection with local music. D．It combines the best parts of different styles. 48．What can we know about facial make-up in Chinese opera? A．It was first invented in Beijing Opera. B．It is only used to make actors look beautiful. C．It is the most difficult skill for actors to learn. D．It helps the audience understand a character’s personality. 49．Which picture shows a skill that is NOT mentioned in this passage? A． B． C． D． 50．What type of writing is this passage? A．An introduction to an art form. B．A short story about an opera actor. C．A personal diary about a live show. D．A news report about a performance. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解说明文 5年真题1年模拟•答案版 五年真题分类园 1.A2.B3.D4.C5.A 6.A7.B8.B 9.D10.A 11.C12.D13.C14.B15.C 16.A17.D18.C19.C20.D 21.D22.C 23.B 24.A25.C 一年摸拟练测园 1.B2.C 3.A 4.C5.A 6.B7.C8.C 9.B10.C 11.A12.D 13.C14.C 15.B 16.A17.B 18.C19.D20.C 21.C22.A 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.B27.B 28.C29.A 30.C 31.D32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.C37.C 38.A 39.B 40.D 41.B 42.A 43.C44.B 45.C 46.B47.D 48.D49.C 50.A 1/1 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 5年真题1年模拟 考点分类 河南考情（2022-2026） 命题规律 考点01 细节理解 2026年3题；2025年3题；2024年4题；2023年2题；2022年2题 每年占比最高，答案可直接在原文定位，近年选项设置更为隐蔽，信息多分散于多个段落，常结合图表、数据、注释综合判断，局部截取原文设置干扰项。2026 年出现明显变化，题目信息分散在多个段落，要求学生跨段定位整合，新增图文匹配、数字计算类陷阱，干扰项多截取片段原文，提升信息筛选难度。 考点02 主旨大意 2026年1题；2023年1题；2022年1题 常以最佳标题、写作目的设问，高频使用main purpose类问法，侧重考查科普价值、文化内涵提炼，不能仅凭个别段落概括全文。 考点03 推理判断 2025年1题；2024年1题；2022年2题 侧重推断文章出处、作者隐含观点、后续发展方向，需要依托全文逻辑推导，不能直接摘抄原文，选项干扰性逐年增强。2026 年新增信息回填、情节匹配新颖考法，选材大量融入洛阳水席、剪纸、豫剧等河南本土文化，作答不仅要依托细节，还要契合正向价值导向，单纯字面理解难以得出正确答案。 考点04 数字计算 2026年1题；2025年1题；2023年2题 考查频次稳定，多围绕实验数据、时间、数量换算设题，干扰项常忽略限定条件、单位要求设置陷阱，需要整合多处数据运算判断。 考点05词义猜测题 2024年1题；2023年1题；2022年1题 说明文为该题型高频载体，依托上下文同义替换、因果、转折逻辑推断科普类生词，需要结合说明对象特征综合分析。 （2026·河南·中考真题） Did you notice how nature sometimes repeats itself? Something that repeats is called a pattern. There are many patterns for you to study and learn. Look around you. Patterns are everywhere. You may see bright and colorful patterns if you look at fish in the sea. In a bee’s honeycomb, the six-sided shape is repeated many times. Some leaves always have five points on them. Listening carefully, you will find a noisy world. Dogs bark, the rain falls and the wind blows. Are these patterns? Of course! Sounds that repeat are patterns. A cricket (蟋蟀) uses its wings to make repeated chirping (啁啾叫) sounds. Do you know that a cricket’s chirp changes with the temperature? The hotter it is, the more chirps a cricket will make. Try to find out how living things grow around you. Seeds (种子) grow into plants. A butterfly begins life as an egg. Each living thing has its own pattern as it grows. When a human baby is born, it is small. With time, the baby learns to lift its head and learns to roll over. Finally, the baby learns to stand up and walk. This kind of pattern is called a pattern of development. If something happens over and over, it, too, forms a pattern. For example, you get up at 7:00 every morning. You get dressed and then eat breakfast at 7:30 a.m. If you repeat this many times, it becomes a pattern. Having a music class every Monday is a pattern. So is going to school five days a week and having Saturday and Sunday off. It seems as if the world is full of patterns. Just think—without patterns, the world would be much harder to study! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What makes the pattern in a bee’s honeycomb? A．The shape. B．The color. C．The taste. D．The weight. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Patterns you can see. B．Patterns you can hear. C．Patterns you can smell. D．Patterns you can touch. 3．Which picture shows “a pattern of development”? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Getting up at 7:00 every morning. B．Eating breakfast at 7:30 a.m. C．Something happening over and over. D．Going to school five days a week. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share knowledge of patterns. B．To discuss when patterns were found. C．To explain why patterns are beautiful. D．To show the difficulty of studying patterns. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了自然界和生活中无处不在的“模式”（patterns）。文章从视觉（鱼、蜂巢、叶子）、听觉（雨声、蟋蟀叫声）、生物生长发育（蝴蝶、人类婴儿）以及日常习惯（起床、上学）等多个角度阐述了什么是模式，并指出模式让世界更易于研究。 【详解】1．第二段明确指出：“In a bee’s honeycomb, the six-sided shape is repeated many times.”，说明蜜蜂蜂巢中的模式是由重复的六边形形状构成的。 2．第三段开头提到：“Listening carefully, you will find a noisy world...Sounds that repeat are patterns.”，随后列举了狗叫、雨声、风声和蟋蟀叫声等例子。因此，该段主要讲的是你能听到的模式（Patterns you can hear）。 3．第四段定义了“a pattern of development”（发展模式），并以人类婴儿为例：“When a human baby is born... learns to lift its head...roll over...stand up and walk.”，展示了从出生到行走的生长过程，是生物生长发育的过程模式，符合这一概念的是展示青蛙从卵到完全个体不同生长阶段的图4。故选D。 4．第五段第一句说：“If something happens over and over, it, too, forms a pattern.”（如果某事反复发生，它也会形成一种模式）。这里的“it”指代的是前文提到的“something happening over and over”（反复发生的事情）。后面的例子（起床、吃早餐、上学）都是用来解释这个概念的。 5．全文通过多个例子向读者介绍和解释了什么是“模式”以及它在自然界和生活中的体现，最后总结说没有模式世界将更难研究。因此，作者的目的是分享关于模式的知识（To share knowledge of patterns）。 （2025·河南·中考真题） Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let’s discover science behind sunlight. Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical-melatonin (褪黑激素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night’s sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals. However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time. The roles that sunshine plays in people’s life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D (维生素D) from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, “Why do we love sunshine?” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 6．Which of the following can take the place of “are exposed to” in the text? A．stay in B．care about C．dream of D．depend on 7．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．What can help people to keep in good spirits B．How light influences people through chemicals. C．Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep. D．Which chemical is thought to be more important. 8．Which of the following is an opinion (观点) according to the text? A．There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. B．People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine. C．The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day. D．People’s bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight. 9．Jack is a person with SAD．How could he solve his problem according to the text? A．By staying indoors a lot. B．By taking in more fresh air. C．By doing some exercise. D．By using man-made lights. 10．Why is the sentence “Why do we love sunshine?” written in the last paragraph? A．To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight. B．To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time. C．To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D．To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air. 【答案】6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍阳光对于人们的影响。 6．词句猜测题。根据“Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical (化学物质) called serotonin (血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin.”可知，阳光会促使你体内产生一种名为血清素的化学物质。当你暴露在阳光下时，你的身体会分泌出更多的血清素。“are exposed to”表示“暴露于”，与“stay in”语意相近。故选A。 7．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍光是如何通过化学物质影响人的，故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据“That’s why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine.”可知，这就是为什么人们认为那些人应该到户外去晒晒太阳的原因。对应B选项是观点，其他三项是事实。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial (人工的) lights for some time.”可知，对于这类患者，最常见的治疗方法是坐在明亮的人造灯光下一段时间。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据“So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, ‘Why do we love sunshine?’”可知，所以下次当你看到阳光洒在你的肩头时，就花点时间思考一下：“我们为什么喜欢阳光呢？”由此可推断，作者是为了鼓励读者多了解阳光。故选A。 （2024·河南·中考真题） An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 12．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 13．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 14．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 15．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。 【详解】11．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。 12．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。 （2023·河南·中考真题） Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun. There is also energy that comes from wind and water. But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move. Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers. Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later. People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground. Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke. C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey. 17．What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text? A．Falls down suddenly. B．Breaks up completely. C．Moves up and down slowly. D．Turns round and round quickly. 18．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The future of new energy. B．The forms of world’s energy. C．Using bicycle-powered energy. D．Producing bicycle-powered energy. 19．What do we know about bicycle-powered energy? A．It can’t be seen in schools. B．It comes from wind and water. C．It can be stored and used later. D．It’s from power lines overhead. 20．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A．Unit 1 Friends Forever B．Unit 2 Dream of the Stars C．Unit 3 The Value of Money D．Unit 4 The World of Science 【答案】16．A 17．D 18．C 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识。 【详解】16．细节理解题。根据“But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike.”可知，作者是通过问问题来引出“自行车动力能源”的，故选A。 17．词义猜测题。根据“When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins.”可及常识可知，当踩自行车时，后轮会转动，所以划线单词表示“转动”，D项符合，故选D。 18．段落大意题。根据“People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. ”可知，本段主要讲的是“自行车动力能源”的使用，故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据“This energy can also be stored and used later.”可知，这种能源可以储存起来以后使用，故选C。 20．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识，与科学相关，故选D。 （2022·河南·中考真题） There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．What animals blow bubbles when they sleep? A．Sea otters. B．Monkeys. C．Desert frogs. D．Parrotfish. 22．What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A．They rest with their eyes open. B．They never sleep curled up in a ball. C．They wake up now and then in winter. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 23．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The forest where monkeys sleep safely. B．The animals that sleep above the ground. C．The reason why bees climb down into flowers. D．The ways that keep animals away from danger. 24．What is the structure of the passage? (P-Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Where animals live? B．Why animals move? C．How animals sleep? D．What animals feed on? 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍不同动物的睡眠方式。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据“Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them.”可知，鹦嘴鱼准备睡觉时，会用嘴吹东西。 然后在它们周围形成一个气泡。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据“In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to cat the stored food.”可知，在冬天，它们要睡上两个星期，醒来后就去吃储存的食物。所以它们不是一直冬眠，而是偶尔会醒来。故选C。 23．段落大意题。分析最后一段内容，尤其是“High above the ground”可知，本段介绍一些睡在地上的动物，故选B。 24．篇章结构题。第一段引出动物有不同的睡眠方式，属于总述；第二段介绍海里的动物；第三段介绍睡在地下的动物；第四段介绍睡在地上的动物，这三段属于分述。故选A。 25．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍不同动物的睡眠方式，故选C。 （2026·河南周口·三模） Bionics is a new useful science that takes ideas from animals and plants to invent new machines or tools. In recent years, many high-tech products around our daily life come from bionic research. Lots of scientists spend years studying natural creatures to solve human production problems. The lotus leaf effect is one famous bionic discovery. People find raindrops roll off clean lotus leaves without staying, and dirt falls away together with water drops. After repeated experiments, scientists find the leaf surface has special tiny uneven structures. Based on this discovery, researchers developed self-cleaning paint and waterproof building materials. Walls painted with this paint never get dirty easily even in rainy days, which greatly cuts down building cleaning cost for modern cities. Another popular bionic design comes from kingfishers. Kingfisher birds dive into water from high air with almost no loud noise. Japanese train designers studied the bird’s pointed beak and changed the front shape of high-speed bullet trains. Before the change, trains made sharp loud sounds when rushing out of tunnels and disturbed nearby residents. After improving the head like kingfisher’s mouth, train noise dropped by over 50% and running speed rose as well. Plants also bring great invention inspiration. The sticky burrs on grass seeds stick tightly to animal fur. A Swiss engineer got inspiration and invented Velcro, the widely-used sticky fastener used on clothes, schoolbags and sports shoes all over the world. Scientists believe nature is the best invention textbook. More bionic products will appear in daily life with continuous natural research in the future. 1．What is bionics according to Paragraph 1? A．Study of living things’ living habits. B．Invent new things by learning from nature. C．Research on different kinds of plants. D．Production of new environmental materials. 2．Lotus leaf’s special structure helps invent ________. A．High-speed train head B．Sticky fastener C．Self-cleaning coating D．Diving equipment 3．Why did designers change bullet train’s front? A．To make trains run faster and more quietly. B．To cut the cost of train production. C．To make trains look more beautiful. D．To let trains pass tunnels more safely. 4．Who invented Velcro from burr feature? A．Chinese scientist. B．Japanese designer. C．Swiss engineer. D．American biologist. 5．The text is mainly developed by ________. A．Listing examples B．Giving numbers C．Comparing differences D．Following time order 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了仿生学这一科学领域以及其在日常生活中的应用实例。 【详解】1．根据第一段第一句“Bionics is a new useful science that takes ideas from animals and plants to invent new machines or tools.”可知，仿生学是通过向自然学习来发明新事物。 2．根据第二段“Based on this discovery, researchers developed self-cleaning paint and waterproof building materials.”可知，荷叶的特殊结构帮助发明了自清洁涂层。 3．根据第三段最后一句“After improving the head like kingfisher’s mouth, train noise dropped by over 50% and running speed rose as well.”可知，设计师改变车头是为了让火车跑得更快、更安静。 4．根据第四段“A Swiss engineer got inspiration and invented Velcro...”可知，是瑞士工程师发明了魔术贴。 5．通读全文可知，文章第一段引出仿生学话题，第二、三、四段分别列举了荷叶效应、翠鸟与高铁、苍耳与魔术贴三个具体例子来说明仿生学的应用，最后一段总结。因此文章主要是通过列举例子展开的。 （2026·河南周口·三模） Have you ever noticed that your body feels different when you’re nervous? Maybe before a speech, your hands get cold, or your face turns warm. But scientists have found that your nose also goes through some changes. Researchers at the University of Sussex recorded 29 people with a special camera to see what happened when they were stressed. First, the volunteers listened to white noise to calm down. Then they had to finish two different tasks in front of strangers. They had to give an unplanned (即兴的) speech and they had to do maths in their head, saying the answers out loud. The study found that people’s nose temperature dropped by 3℃~6℃ when they’re under pressure. Normally, people’s nose temperature is between 32℃ and 35℃. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important for people to find dangerous situations. Once the stress is over, the blood returns to normal within a few minutes. Gillian Forrester, who led the study, also said that how long it takes someone’s nose to return to its normal temperature could help show how well they manage their stress. The study could help more than humans. Stress also changes blood flow in primates’ (灵长类动物) faces. Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better, since they cannot describe it. As Gillian Forrester said, “We’ve studied them to better understand ourselves. It’s time to give back.” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案 6．Which word can take the place of “go through” in Paragraph 1? A．Practise. B．Experience. C．Search. D．Accept. 7．Which of the following activities did the volunteers do during the study? A．Watch a speech. B．Make white noise. C．Solve math problems. D．Record the temperature. 8．According to Paragraph 3, which picture shows the study result? A． B． C． D． 9．Which of the following is an opinion according to the text? A．Stress changes blood flow in primates’ faces. B．The study could help humans as well as primates. C．People’s normal nose temperature is between 32℃ and 35℃. D．Volunteers had to finish two different tasks in front of strangers. 10．What does Gillian Forrester mean according to her words in the last paragraph? A．They want to send all primates back to the forests. B．They want to return home after finishing the study. C．They want to understand primates and make them feel better. D．They want to continue the study and learn more about humans. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了萨塞克斯大学的一项研究，发现人在紧张时鼻子温度会下降3℃~6℃，因为血液从面部流向耳朵和眼睛以应对压力，且该研究也适用于灵长类动物，有助于了解它们的感受并改善其状态。 【详解】6．第一段提到“your nose also goes through some changes”，结合语境可知此处指鼻子也“经历”了一些变化，go through意为“经历、体验”，与experience同义。 7．第二段明确指出志愿者需要“do maths in their head, saying the answers out loud”，即心算并说出答案，因此他们做的活动是解决数学问题。A项看演讲、B项制造白噪音（实际是听白噪音来平静）、D项记录温度（是研究者用摄像机记录）均与原文不符。 8．第三段指出“people’s nose temperature dropped by 3℃~6℃ when they’re under pressure”，且正常鼻温为32℃~35℃，压力下下降，压力结束后几分钟内恢复正常。C图应展示压力时鼻温下降、恢复后回升的趋势，符合研究结果。 9．A、C、D三项均为文中明确陈述的客观事实：灵长类面部血流变化、正常鼻温范围、志愿者任务内容。而B项“这项研究对人类和灵长类都有帮助”属于作者基于研究发现作出的推断和评价，属于观点（opinion），文中用“could help”也体现了推测语气。 10．最后一段Gillian Forrester说：“We’ve studied them to better understand ourselves. It’s time to give back.”结合前文“Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better”，可知“give back”指将研究成果回馈给灵长类，帮助了解它们并让它们感觉更好，故选C。 （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Look around your classroom. Pick up your pen. Throw a ball. Which hand do you use? If you use your left hand, you are one of about 10% of people in the world. But why are some people left-handed while most people are right-handed? Studies show that handedness (偏手倾向) is often passed down in families. When both parents are right-handed, their children most probably follow suit. However, when both parents are left-handed, their children have a 40% chance of being left-handed. Interestingly, even twins with the same genes (基因) can have different handedness. Clearly, something beyond genes is also at work. The answer appears to be hidden inside our heads. The human brain has two halves, and each half controls the opposite side of the body. For most right-handed people, the left half controls language. This function (功能) is closely connected with movement control. Left-handers are different. About 70% of left-handers use the left half for language, while about 30% use the right half or both of them. Dr. Brinkman, a brain researcher, says that this difference might help left-handers recover (恢复) language abilities faster after certain harm to the brain. This may be because a left-handed person’s brain is more flexible (灵活的). Left-handers use both sides of their brain more evenly. In one experiment, left-handers scored pictures on the left side of a screen more positively, while right-handers preferred pictures on the right. It seems that the hand we prefer influences how we think! So, are left-handers more creative or talented? Not necessarily. While many famous artists and musicians are left-handed, scientists have found no clear evidence that left-handers are more gifted. However, left-handers do face some challenges in the world designed for right-handers, such as scissors and school desks made for right-handed people. Even the word “right” itself can suggest that “right” means “correct”. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．Which of the following can take the place of “follow suit” in Paragraph 2? A．Do the same thing. B．Ask for help. C．Use their left hands. D．Become different. 12．According to Dr. Brinkman, what might be the advantage of left-handers? A．They can use both hands well. B．They always think more positively. C．They have better language skills. D．They may get language abilities back faster. 13．What can we learn from the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Most people prefer to use their right hands. B．Pictures on the left side of a screen look better. C．Handedness may influence people’s preferences. D．Left-handers and right-handers see things the same way. 14．What can we infer from the text? A．Everyone should try to use both hands well. B．There are more left-handed people in the world. C．The brain influences whether people are left-handed. D．Left-handed people are often better at sports and music. 15．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this text? A．To explain the challenges left-handers face in daily life. B．To help readers understand handedness and its influence. C．To tell readers how to train themselves to be left-handed. D．To show the difference between left-handers and right-handers. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．C 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍左撇子与右撇子成因、大脑差异，以及惯用手对思维和生活带来的影响。 【详解】11．第二段提到：“Studies show that handedness (偏手倾向) is often passed down in families. When both parents are right-handed, their children most probably follow suit.”，说明偏手倾向会家族遗传，父母都是右撇子，孩子大概率和父母一样，follow suit指做同样的事。 12．第三段提到：“Dr. Brinkman, a brain researcher, says that this difference might help left-handers recover language abilities faster after certain harm to the brain.”，说明左撇子的优势是大脑受损后语言能力恢复更快。 13．第四段提到：“In one experiment, left-handers scored pictures on the left side of a screen more positively, while right-handers preferred pictures on the right. It seems that the hand we prefer influences how we think!”，表明左撇子对屏幕左侧的图片评分更高，而右撇子则更喜欢右侧的图片。由此推知，惯用手会影响人的喜好倾向。 14．第三段提到：“The answer appears to be hidden inside our heads. The human brain has two halves, and each half controls the opposite side of the body.”，说明人脑分为两个半球，每个半球控制身体的相对一侧。由此推知，大脑会影响人是左撇子还是右撇子。 15．全文依次讲解惯用手遗传、大脑区别、思维影响、左撇子生活难题，整体是为了让读者了解偏手倾向及其带来的各类影响。 （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Light pollution is a global problem. It is caused by artificial (人造的) light. Artificial light brightens the natural darkness and tricks birds into thinking it is daytime for longer than it is. Then birds stay awake longer. The following is a study on this. In the study, scientists studied more than four million bird calls from Bird Weather. Bird Weather is a project in which members of the public collect the information. People send in recordings of birdsong and Bird Weather uses AI to identify (识别) the sounds. Bird Weather then uses that information to study birds’ behaviour and population changes. Researchers listened to birdsong from the mornings and evenings when the birds were most active. They found that birds in towns or cities, which have lots of light pollution, sang for an average (平均数) of 50 minutes longer every day. They started about 20 minutes earlier in the morning and then continued for about 30 minutes more in the evening. This means birds in light-polluted areas are active for longer each day than birds in the countryside. Researchers also found that not all birds behaved similarly toward artificial light. The birds with larger eyes were influenced more easily, but small-eyed birds showed less change. Even so, the reduced (减少的) sleep time can be bad for those birds. In reality, light pollution influences not only birds but also sea animals. The good news is that light pollution is reversible. We can turn off lights when they’re not needed and use outdoor lighting only when we have to. Each one of us can make a difference! Let’s take action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 16．How many bird calls are studied according to the text? A．More than four million calls. B．About fifty thousand calls. C．More than five million calls. D．Nearly four thousand calls. 17．How does the writer show the result of the study in Paragraph 3? A．By describing reasons. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories. 18．Which of the following can take the place of “is reversible” in the text? A．is famous B．is different C．can be changed D．can be caused 19．Which of the following may be influenced by artificial light least easily? A． B． C． D． 20．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A．To tell people the importance of protecting birds. B．To teach people how to identify different bird calls. C．To call on people to take action to reduce light pollution. D．To describe the differences between city and country life. 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项光污染对鸟类活动影响的研究，点明光污染会危害野生动物，最终呼吁人们行动起来减少光污染。 【详解】16．第二段“In the study, scientists studied more than four million bird calls from Bird Weather.”，本次研究的鸟鸣数量超过四百万次。 17．第三段内容，作者展示研究结果时，列出了50 minutes、20 minutes、30 minutes多个具体数据，是通过列数字的方式呈现研究结论。 18．最后一段“The good news is that light pollution is reversible. We can turn off lights when they’re not needed and use outdoor lighting only when you have to.”，“is reversible”含义为“可以被改变、逆转”，can be changed符合文意。 19．第四段“The birds with larger eyes were influenced more easily, but small-eyed birds showed less change.”，对比四幅图，第四幅图的鸟眼睛最小，因此受人工光影响最小。 20．结尾“Let’s take action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky.”，作者写作本文的目的是呼吁人们采取行动减少光污染。 （2026·河南三门峡·三模） Have you ever wanted to share the taste of a delicious dish with a friend far away, only to find that words and pictures fall short of presenting the full experience? A new invention called e-Taste might solve this problem! Developed by scientists at Ohio State University in the US, this tool helps improve digital (数字的) experiences by adding “tastes” to them. However, creating digital tastes is challenging. Taste is about sensing real molecules that come out when food is cut into pieces in our mouths or when we drink. The molecules activate certain cells (细胞) on the tongue (舌头), the inside top part of the mouth, and the back of the throat. These cells send messages to a part of the brain called the thalamus. It then sends the messages to other brain areas, helping us distinguish tastes. E-Taste uses a special “digital tongue” to check the levels of five chemicals (化学物质) in foods and drinks that are responsible for the five basic tastes. It records the information and sends it to another part of the tool. This part gives off liquids (液体) that include the five chemicals. By drinking the liquids, people can taste the foods and drinks no matter where they are. Real-world tests of e-Taste go well. It works even when these two parts are placed in different cities thousands of kilometers apart. Volunteers can tell foods like fish soup correctly almost 87% of the time. Looking ahead, scientists plan to try new taste types. They also want to study the tool’s effect on different people, since taste has a lot to do with human feelings and memory. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．How does the writer lead into the topic of e-Taste? A．By telling a joke. B．By using an old saying. C．By asking a question. D．By making a survey. 22．What does the underlined word “activate” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Wake up. B．Clean up. C．Break down. D．Cut down. 23．What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A．Why e-Taste is special. B．Where e-Taste is tested. C．How e-Taste works. D．How e-Taste was invented. 24．What can we learn about the performance of e-Taste in real-world tests? A．It changes human feelings and memory. B．It has the same influence on different people. C．It works with its parts placed in different cities. D．It tells all kinds of foods correctly 87% of the time. 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Digital taste is challenging B．E-Taste is popular in real life C．An achievement in taste-sharing D．The future of taste-sharing tools 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一款名为e-Taste的数字味觉设备，讲解了味觉感知原理、该设备的工作方式、实地测试表现以及科学家后续的研发规划。 【详解】21．原文第一段第一句“Have you ever wanted to share the taste of a delicious dish with a friend far away, only to find that words and pictures fall short of presenting the full experience?”说明作者通过提出问题引出e-Taste这一说明对象。 22．第二段“Taste is about sensing real molecules that come out when food is cut into pieces in our mouths or when we drink.”写明味觉的产生依靠感知食物分解后释放的真实分子，后文“These cells send messages to a part of the brain called the thalamus.”提到这些细胞会向大脑传递信号，由此判断分子需要先触发、唤醒细胞才能产生后续信号传递。“activate”在此处意为“激活、刺激”，选项A“Wake up”与之含义最接近。 23．第三段依次介绍e-Taste的“digital tongue”检测食物饮品化学物质、记录传输信息、释放对应液体、人们饮用液体就能尝到味道，完整讲解了设备的运行流程，对应选项C“e-Taste是如何运作的”。 24．第四段“It works even when these two parts are placed in different cities thousands of kilometers apart.”，说明设备的两个部件分置在不同城市也能正常运行。 25．通读全文可知，全文围绕能实现远距离分享味道的新发明e-Taste展开，介绍其原理、功能、测试成果，核心是味觉共享领域的一项新成果，C项“味觉分享的一项成就”最能概括全文关于该发明及其意义的中心思想。 （2026·河南周口·二模） What are insects like in your eyes? Have you ever noticed them? Insects are very interesting animals. They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working. Scientists have studied different kinds of insects very closely. According to their studies, even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work. Have you ever seen a little fly called a sawfly? It gets such a name because it has a saw (锯子) that is used on plants to create a safe space for its eggs. After laying its eggs, the sawfly makes some glue. The glue fixes the eggs to where they are laid. Another insect that has its own natural tool is the poppy bee. The bees live in wood. Like people who make things out of wood, poppy bees use special tools to dig nests out of wood. They dig and clean out the nest to make it ready for use. When all is ready, poppy bees cut out pieces of leaves in the shape of a nest. They then join the pieces together and put them into the nest. Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools. For example, they drop pieces of leaves into water so that they take in the water. Then the ants carry them back to their nests. There are more insects than any other living things in the world. Every insect is special. The more you notice them, the more they will surprise you. 26．What are insects like according to the first paragraph? A．Small and lazy. B．Small but smart. C．Big and strong. D．Interesting but weak. 27．Why is the small fly named “sawfly”? A．Because it can make saws for plants. B．Because it uses a saw to protect its eggs. C．Because it looks like a small saw. D．Because it likes playing with a saw. 28．Where do poppy bees build their nests? A．In the leaves. B．In the water. C．In the wood. D．In the grass. 29．What can we infer about insects from the passage? A．Insects know how to use tools smartly. B．All insects live and play in water. C．Insects are the strongest animals on Earth. D．Scientists know little about insects. 30．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Insects are small and easy to find. B．Different insects have different living places. C．Insects are special and good at using natural tools. D．Ants are the cleverest insects in the world. 【答案】26．B 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了叶蜂、罂粟蜂和蚂蚁这三种昆虫如何巧妙地使用天然工具（如锯子、挖巢工具、树叶）来完成工作。 【详解】26．根据第一段“They may be small, but they are smart and hard-working.”可知，它们可能很小，但它们很聪明且勤奋。 27．根据第二段“It gets such a name because it has a saw... that is used on plants to create a safe space for its eggs.”可知，它得名于此是因为它有一把锯子，用来在植物上为卵创造安全空间，因此它用锯子来保护卵。 28．根据第三段“The bees live in wood.”及“...poppy bees use special tools to dig nests out of wood.”可知，罂粟蜂在木头里筑巢。 29．第一段提到“even the smallest insects have tools to help do their work”，最后一段提到“Ants are also known for their clever use of natural tools”，可推断昆虫知道如何聪明地使用工具。 30．文章主要介绍了叶蜂、罂粟蜂和蚂蚁这三种昆虫如何巧妙地使用天然工具（如锯子、挖巢工具、树叶）来完成工作，并在结尾总结“Every insect is special”。因此C选项“昆虫很特别且擅长使用天然工具”最能概括文章主旨。 （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Floods (洪水) are a serious and growing problem around the world. They happen when too much water covers land. Each year, they bring great danger and damage (损害) to people’s lives and homes. Understanding this problem is the first step in finding solutions (解决办法). Floods are becoming more common. A big reason is that the Earth’s temperature is rising. Warmer air holds more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Another big reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Big waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by 2100, big floods that used to happen only once every 100 years may happen every year. Many cities could then face great danger. Floods create serious problems. According to a report, over 19 million people were forced to leave their homes in a single year because of flooding—that’s like moving almost the whole country of the Netherlands (荷兰). Floods damage roads, bridges, and schools. In the United States, they cause a loss of billions of dollars every year. After a flood, it can be hard to find food, and dirty water can spread illnesses. So, what can we do? Early warning tools can tell people when floods are coming, giving them time to reach safety. Building sea walls can help stop floodwater. Experts are also creating “sponge cities” by building special streets and parks that take in rainwater. But in some places, the safest plan may be “managed retreat”, which means moving people away from areas that flood repeatedly. Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our communities. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31．What causes floods according to the text? ①Big waves.    ②Earthquakes.    ③Rising sea levels.    ④The rising temperature. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 32．Why does the writer mention the Netherlands in Paragraph 3? A．To help people understand the large number. B．To explain why the country has serious floods. C．To show how many people lost their homes in the country. D．To give an example of a country that helps people in floods. 33．Which of the following words can take the place of “retreat” in Paragraph 4? A．safety B．warning C．building D．movement 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ways to deal with floods. B．Dangers brought by floods. C．Advice from scientists on floods. D．Causes of floods. 35．What is the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洪水这一日益严重的全球性问题，包括其形成原因、对人类生活的影响以及人们可以采取的应对措施，旨在呼吁大家共同努力应对洪水挑战。 【详解】31．第二段明确指出洪水增多的原因：“Warmer air holds more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Another big reason is rising sea levels”——气温升高和海平面上升是两大原因；故③④正确。 32．第三段举例荷兰是为了帮助理解数据：“over 19 million people were forced to leave their homes in a single year because of flooding—that's like moving almost the whole country of the Netherlands”——用荷兰人口（约1900万）作类比，帮助读者理解“1900万人流离失所”这个数字的庞大。 33．第四段出现“managed retreat”并给出解释“which means moving people away from areas that flood repeatedly”——意为“将人们从反复遭受洪水的地方移走”，retreat与movement（迁移/撤退）同义。 34．第四段以“So, what can we do?”开头，依次介绍“Early warning tools…can tell people when floods are coming”、“Building sea walls can help stop floodwater”、“Experts are also creating ‘sponge cities’”以及“the safest plan may be ‘managed retreat’”等多种应对洪水的方法；该段主要讲应对洪水的方法。 35．全文共5段：第1段引出话题（洪水问题）；第2段分析原因；第3段说明危害；第4段提出应对方法；第5段总结呼吁。第2、3、4段是从“原因—危害—方法”三个方面并列展开分—分—分结构，对应图B的“总分总”树状图（①总述，②③④分述，⑤总结）； （2026·河南平顶山·三模） Do you often play ball? Have you ever wondered which of your balls can bounce（反弹）the highest? You can find out by trying this simple test. To begin with, you will need a few different balls, such as a basketball, a soccer ball, and a tennis ball. Use what you have on hand. Do this test inside a room, but before you start, ask your parents where you can do this to make sure you won’t break anything or get hurt. The next thing to do is to prepare a piece of paper to write down what you see. Draw a table with three columns（列）. In the first column, write the name of the ball. In the second column, you will later record how high it bounces. In the third column, you will record how many times it bounces. Now, find an empty wall. Stick a note on it at a certain height. This will be your starting line. Release each ball, one at a time, from this line. When each ball bounces up, stick a note on the wall where it reaches the highest point. Write the ball’s name on that note. After that, use a ruler to measure（测量）how high each note is. Write that number in the second column on your paper. Then, drop each ball one more time. This time, count how many times it jumps up and down before it stops. Write that number in the third column. Now look at your paper. Which ball bounces the highest? Which one jumps the most times? Is it the same ball? This fun test helps you learn by doing. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 36．Why should you ask your parents before you do the test? A．To make the test simpler. B．To get more kinds of balls. C．To make sure the test is safe. D．To have them record the results. 37．Which of the following is supposed to be used in the test? A． B． C． D． 38．What does the underlined word “Release” mean? A．Let something fall down. B．Throw something with force. C．Hold something in the air. D．Move something up quickly. 39．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．How to get the balls ready. B．How to record the test results. C．How to compare different balls. D．How to find a good place for the test. 40．What’s the purpose of the three questions in the last paragraph? A．To show students what the final test results are. B．To interest students in learning about ball games. C．To make sure all students follow the correct steps. D．To encourage students to think about the test results. 【答案】36．C 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个简单有趣的小实验：用不同的球（篮球、足球、网球）测试哪种球反弹最高、跳的次数最多，引导读者在动手实践中学习科学探究的方法。 【详解】36．根据第二段“ask your parents where you can do this to make sure you won’t break anything or get hurt”可知，问父母是为了确保测试安全，不会损坏东西或受伤。 37．根据第二段“you will need a few different balls, such as a basketball, a soccer ball, and a tennis ball”和第四段“use a ruler to measure”可知，实验需要球和尺子。 38．根据第四段“Release each ball, one at a time, from this line”可知，从标记线处释放球，即让球落下。release意为“释放、让……落下”。 39．第五段主要讲用尺子测量高度并记录在第二列，再让球多跳一次并记录次数在第三列，即如何记录实验结果。 40．最后一段三个问题“Which ball bounces the highest? Which one jumps the most times? Is it the same ball?”是为了引导学生思考和分析实验结果，而非直接给出答案。 （2026·河南周口·三模） Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese folk art with a history of more than 1,500 years. It was listed in the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2009. Most paper cuttings are red, because red stands for good luck and happiness in Chinese culture. Wang Xiuying, a 68-year-old paper cutting master from Luoyang, Henan, has practiced this skill for 52 years. When she was 16, her grandma taught her basic cutting skills. At first, her fingers were often cut by sharp scissors, and her paper works looked ugly. But she never gave up. She practiced for four hours every day after finishing farm work. Slowly, she could cut vivid patterns—lively rabbits, blooming peonies, flying phoenixes and cute kids. In the past, paper cuttings were mainly used for festivals and weddings. People stuck them on windows, doors and walls to wish for a peaceful life. Now Wang Xiuying wants more young people to know this old art. She gives free lessons at local middle schools every Wednesday afternoon. Many students show great interest. Some students even create new styles: they mix paper cutting with cartoon characters and English letters, making traditional art fit modern tastes. Wang also sells her works online. Her store on a shopping platform gets hundreds of orders every month. Some foreign visitors buy her cuttings as special Chinese gifts. “Paper cutting is our cultural treasure. I hope it can be passed down from generation to generation,” Wang said with a big smile. She plans to make simple teaching videos and post them online so that people all over China can learn this skill easily. 41．When did paper cutting become world intangible cultural heritage? A．In 1500. B．In 2009. C．In 1958. D．In 2026. 42．How old was Wang Xiuying when she started learning paper cutting? A．16. B．26. C．52. D．68. 43．Where does Wang give free lessons? A．At her home. B．At farm fields. C．At local middle schools. D．At an art museum. 44．What new change do young students bring to paper cutting? A．They only cut red paper now. B．They combine it with modern elements. C．They stop using scissors. D．They sell works to foreign countries. 45．What’s Wang’s future plan? A．Open a big offline shop. B．Travel around the world to show art. C．Make online teaching videos. D．Stop teaching and rest at home. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统艺术剪纸及其传承人王秀英的故事，涵盖了剪纸的历史地位、王秀英的学习经历、传承努力以及未来计划。 【详解】41．根据文章第一段“It was listed in the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2009.”可知，剪纸艺术是在2009年被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录的。 42．根据文章第二段“When she was 16, her grandma taught her basic cutting skills.”可知，王秀英在16岁时开始跟随祖母学习剪纸技能。 43．根据文章第三段“She gives free lessons at local middle schools every Wednesday afternoon.”可知，她在当地中学提供免费课程。 44．根据文章第三段最后一句“Some students even create new styles…making traditional art fit modern tastes.”可知，年轻的学生将剪纸与卡通人物和英文字母等现代元素相结合。 45．根据文章最后一段最后一句“She plans to make simple teaching videos and post them online”可知，王秀英未来的计划是制作简单的教学视频并发布到网上。 （2026·河南洛阳·三模） Chinese opera is one of the world’s three oldest theatrical (戏剧) art forms, together with Greek Theatre and Indian Opera. With over 2,000 years of history, it has developed into many local styles based on different customs, such as Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera and Yu Opera. Beijing Opera, our national treasure, mixes the best of all these styles. They are the five major operas of China. It is a beautiful blend of arts. It grew from folk songs, dances, talking, funny plays, and special local music. Gradually, it combined music, art, and literature into one wonderful stage performance. Facial make-up is a key highlight. Performers use special skills to paint exaggerated (夸张的) patterns on their faces. Each pattern stands for a character’s personality, like being brave or honest. What fascinates people most is the amazing kung fu and acrobatics (杂技). Actors can breathe out fire, run while squatting (蹲), or act like spirits and dwarfs (侏儒). These exciting shows make Chinese opera a beloved art form that carries our traditional culture and stories. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 46．Which of the following is one of the five major dramas of China? A．Greek Theatre. B．Pingju Opera. C．Qinqiang Opera. D．Jin Opera. 47．What can we infer about Beijing Opera from the passage? A．It is the oldest opera style in China. B．It only uses kung fu and acrobatics. C．It has no connection with local music. D．It combines the best parts of different styles. 48．What can we know about facial make-up in Chinese opera? A．It was first invented in Beijing Opera. B．It is only used to make actors look beautiful. C．It is the most difficult skill for actors to learn. D．It helps the audience understand a character’s personality. 49．Which picture shows a skill that is NOT mentioned in this passage? A． B． C． D． 50．What type of writing is this passage? A．An introduction to an art form. B．A short story about an opera actor. C．A personal diary about a live show. D．A news report about a performance. 【答案】46．B 47．D 48．D 49．C 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国戏曲的历史地位、主要剧种与核心艺术特色。 【详解】46．第一段“...such as Pingju Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera and Yu Opera. Beijing Opera...They are the five major operas of China.”明确提到中国五大剧种是评剧、越剧、黄梅戏、豫剧、京剧。 47．第一段“Beijing Opera, our national treasure, mixes the best of all these styles.”指出京剧融合了所有这些地方戏的精华。 48．第三段“Each pattern stands for a character’s personality...”提到每一种图案都代表着一个角色的性格，由此可知中国戏曲中的面部妆容有助于观众理解角色的性格特点。 49．第三段“Performers use special skills to paint exaggerated patterns on their faces.”和第四段“Actors can breathe out fire, run while squatting, or act like spirits and dwarfs.”提到表演者的技能包括在脸上画夸张的图案，吐火、蹲步疾行，或是扮演神灵与侏儒。只有选项C的长绸舞技巧文中没有提及。 50．全文从历史、流派、特点等方面介绍了中国戏曲这一艺术形式，属于艺术形式的介绍。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $