Unit 4 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in Use（分层作业）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 本练习以“基础巩固-能力应用-思维拓展”分层逻辑，通过词汇默写、语篇理解到思辨创作的梯度设计，系统强化Unit 4词汇句型及语篇应用，适配新授课分层教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇、词组及句型基本应用|单词/词组默写结合汉译英填空，强化记忆准确性| |能力提升|词汇形态变化、语境中词汇运用|词形转换与短文填空，衔接基础到语篇过渡| |拓展培优|语篇理解与信息整合|阅读还原、阅读理解，聚焦细节与主旨分析| |思维进阶|综合语言运用与逻辑思辨|完形填空及思辨简答、信息梳理，培养高阶思维|

Unit 4 Our Memory 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in Use 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 increase v. 增长v. 增加 blood n. 血 wild adj. 野生的；自然生长的 mall n. 购物商场 notebook n. 笔记本；笔记本电脑 wound n. 伤口；创伤 v. 使受伤 squirrel n. 松鼠 nut n. 坚果 dolphin n. 海豚 recognize v. 辨认出；认可 react to sth. 对…… 作出反应 go through经历；仔细检查 start over 重新开始，从头再来 die of 死于（内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感等） in one's case 就某人而言；在某人的情况下 keep in mind 记住；牢记 run out (of sth.) 用完；耗尽 happen to (sb./sth.) 发生在…… 身上；碰巧 in a great position 位置优越；处于有利位置 句型 1. He is likely to die of wounds if not treated at once.若不立即救治，他很可能会因伤势过重而死亡。 2. I can't recall which notebook I wrote your email address in.我想不起来是在哪本笔记本上写下你的电子邮箱地址了。 3. They keep in mind where food can be found and where it is safe.它们会牢记食物可以在哪里找到，以及哪里是安全的地方。 4. Humans do not know for sure what goes through their minds during the journey, but wild geese seldom get lost.A similar situation happens to dolphins. 人类无法确定大雁在迁徙途中的想法是什么，但它们很少会迷路。海豚身上也存在类似的情况。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. _______ /ɪnˈkriːs//ɪnˈkriːs/ n. 增长 v. 增加 2. ________ /waɪld/ adj. 野生的；自然生长的 3. _______ /blʌd/ n. 血 4. ________ /wuːnd/ n. 伤口；创伤 v.使受伤 5. _______ /mɔːl/ n. 购物商场 6. ________ /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本；笔记本电脑 7. _______ /ˈskwɪrəl/ n. 松鼠 8. ________ /nʌt/ n. 坚果 9. _______ /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚 10. ________ /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 辨认出；认可 【答案】1. increase 2. wild 3. blood 4. wound 5. mall 6. notebook 7. squirrel 8. nut 9. dolphin 10. recognize (= recognise) 二、词组默写。 1. 就某人而言；在某人的情况下__________ 2. 对…… 作出反应_____________________ 3. 重新开始，从头再来__________ 4. 死于（内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感等）________ 5. 经历，经受；仔细检查；通过________ 6. 记住；牢记 _______ 7. 用完；耗尽________ 8. 发生在…… 身上；碰巧_______ 9. 位置优越；处于有利位置 __________________ 10. 很可能做 _______ 【答案】1.in one's case 2.react to sth. 3.start over 4.die of 5.go through 6.keep in mind 7.run out (of sth.) 8.happen to (sb./sth.) 9.in a great position 10. be likely to do 三、汉语提示填空题 1.无论遇到什么困难，你都应该牢记团队合作的重要性。 No matter what difficulties you meet, you should ________ ________ ________ the importance of teamwork. 2.当我们的饮用水耗尽时，我们才意识到节约用水是多么重要。 When we ________ ________ ________ drinking water, we realized how important it is to save water. 3. 他无法确定，究竟是什么念头掠过她的脑海，致使她中途离场。 He didn't know for sure what ________ ________ her mind that made her leave the speech halfway. 4. 就我个人而言，失败并不是坏事，它反而能让我们学到更多东西。 ________ ________ ________, failure is not a bad thing; instead, it helps us learn more. 5. 村里许多老人死于心脏病和高血压。 Many elderly people in the village ________ ________ heart disease and high blood pressure. 6. 面对失败，她选择重新开始，而不是放弃。 Facing failure, she chose to ________ ________ rather than give up. 7. 这家餐厅位置优越，所以每天都有很多顾客光顾。 This restaurant is ________ ________ ________ ________, so it has many customers every day. 8.不同的人应对压力的方式各不相同。 Different people ________ ________ stress in different ways. 9. 类似的情况也发生在其他濒危动物身上，它们都面临着栖息地丧失的问题。 A similar situation ________ ________ other endangered animals, as they all face the problem of habitat loss. 10. 如果乌云继续聚集，下个小时可能会下大雨。 If the dark clouds keep gathering, it ________ ________ ________ rain heavily within the next hour. 【答案】 1. keep in mind 2. ran out of 3. went through 4. In my case 5. die of 6. start over 7. in a great position 8. react to 9. happens to 10. is likely to 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. When he heard the bad news, he ________ (react) to it in a quiet way. 2. This kind of medicine is ________ (effect) for people with colds. 3. If people are not treated in time, they may ________ (death) of serious wounds. 4. He was disappointed that his best friend didn't ________ (act) to his wedding invitation for weeks. 5. The kindness of the local people during our trip made the journey truly ________ (forget). 【答案】 1. reacted 2. effective 3. die 4. react 5. unforgettable 五、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 able use quick happen watch keep her dangerous memory safe Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. They usually live in family groups called herds (兽群). All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is usually an old mother elephant. A herd may have as few as 8 or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the leader because she knows how 1 them safe from coming danger. Elephants learn by 2 and copying other elephants, and they also learn from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about 10 years old. Elephants can live to be 50 to 60 years old. Elephants are smart animals with good 3 . In the dry season, a leader can remember where they 4 to find water. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the 5 place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river. Elephants talk to each other with sounds. Some of the sounds are so low and deep that people are 6 to hear them. Elephants hear sounds not only with their ears, but also with their feet and even trunks (象鼻). They also greet each other by touching each other’s trunks and feet. If 7 appears, mothers beat their ears to call their babies to come back. Other animals seldom attack (攻击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a baby elephant. If this 8 , the adult elephants circle around the baby elephant. They make louder sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The leader puts 9 between the lion and the herd. She holds up her ears to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and attacks the enemy 10 . 【答案】 1. to keep 2. watching 3. memories 4. used 5. safest 6. unable 7. danger 8. happens 9. herself 10. quickly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕大象展开，介绍了象群的结构（以母象为领袖）、大象的学习与记忆能力、交流方式，以及象群如何保护幼象应对危险，展现了大象的群体特性与生存智慧。 1.句意：其他大象跟随领头象，因为她知道如何保护它们远离即将到来的危险。结合短语 keep…safe from…（保护……远离……），及备选词可知，此处考查固定结构 how to do sth.（如何做某事）；故填 to keep。 2.句意：大象通过观察和模仿其他同类来学习，它们也在生活中学习。根据“Elephants learn by... and copying other elephants”及备选词可知，介词 by 后接动名词形式，and 连接并列结构 copying，因此 watch 变为动名词 watching。故填 watching。 3.句意：大象是很聪明的动物，拥有良好的记忆力。根据“Elephants are smart animals with good... .”及备选词可知，good 后接名词，memory 表示“记忆力、记忆”时为可数名词，此处表泛指，用复数形式 memories。故填 memories。 4.句意：在旱季，领头象能记得它们过去常常寻找水源的地方。根据“In the dry season, a leader can remember where they... to find water.”及备选词可知，此处考查固定搭配 used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，贴合语境。故填 used。 5.句意：她还能记住幼象穿越湍急河流最安全的地方。根据“She can also remember the ... place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river.”及备选词可知，定冠词 the 后常接形容词最高级，结合语境用 safe 的最高级 safest，表示“最安全的”。故填 safest。 6.句意：有些声音低沉厚重，以至于人类无法听见。根据“Some of the sounds are so low and deep that people are ... to hear them.”及备选词可知，此处考查固定短语 be unable to do sth.（不能做某事），结合语境可知此处表示无法听见。故填 unable。 7.句意：如果危险出现，母象就会扇动耳朵，召唤幼象回来。根据“If ... appears, mothers beat their ears to call their babies to come back.”及备选词可知，if 从句缺少主语，需用名词；dangerous 是形容词，对应的名词为 danger（危险）。故填 danger。 8.句意：如果这种情况发生，成年大象就会把幼象围起来。根据“If this ..., the adult elephants circle around the baby elephant.”及备选词可知，主语 this 为单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，happen 变形为 happens。故填 happens。 9.句意：领头象将自己置于狮子和象群之间。根据“The leader puts ... between the lion and the herd.”及备选词，结合上下文主语为 she 可知，此处表示“她自己”，用反身代词 herself。故填 herself。 10.句意：然后它低下头，快速攻击敌人。根据“Then she lowers her head and attacks the enemy ...”及备选词可知，此处修饰动词 attacks，需用副词；形容词 quick 对应的副词形式为 quickly。故填 quickly。 六、阅读还原。 Are crows brainy? The answer must be yes! They can learn from other birds, play tricks, solve puzzles and do much more. Humans have studied crows for many years to learn how their brains work. For example, people have seen crows drop nuts on busy roads, waiting for cars to drive over and break the shells. 1______ In one study, scientists at a research center showed crows two cups, each with a different number of worms inside. They taught the crows to pick out which cup had more worms. 2______ The crows were able to do it successfully, showing that they can understand some basic knowledge about numbers! So crows are clearly clever. But are they “The Smartest Animal of All Time”? That’s hard to say. 3______ Some have amazing memories. Take a squirrel (松鼠) as an example. It can remember the place where it hid hundreds of nuts for winter, even after several months. Others are super problem-solvers, like octopuses (章鱼), who can work out how to open a locked box to get the food inside. 4______ All these kinds of cleverness are important, making it difficult to tell which animal is much smarter. At last, each animal is good at finding ways to live in a changing environment. 5______ And this means one thing for sure: crows are the smartest of all in being crows! A.Then they tested the crows again without any help. B. It tells us that crows are good at using tools and the environment around them. C. Different animals are smart in different ways. D. Dogs and parrots also show their great smartness. E. Crows are the most beautiful birds in nature. F. Every living thing has its own special skills to survive. 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. F 【导语】本文主要‌介绍了乌鸦的聪明才智，以及动物们在不同方面展现出的智慧，强调每种动物都有适应环境变化的独特能力‌。 1. 前一句提到乌鸦把坚果扔在繁忙的马路上，等车压碎。这是一个典型的“利用环境”的例子。选项B中的 “It tells us that crows are good at using tools and the environment around them”（这告诉我们乌鸦擅长利用工具和周围环境）正好是对前文行为的总结。代词 It 指代前面乌鸦的这种行为。故选B。 2. 前一句说科学家教乌鸦挑出虫子多的杯子；后一句说乌鸦成功做到了。 这里缺一个实验步骤的衔接。选项A “Then they tested the crows again without any help”（然后他们在没有任何帮助的情况下再次测试乌鸦）完美连接了“教学”和“成功”两个阶段。故选A。 3. 前一段结尾说很难说谁是“最聪明的”；后文紧接着举了松鼠（记忆力好）和章鱼（解谜高手）的例子。这里需要一个承上启下的总起句。选项C “Different animals are smart in different ways”（不同的动物以不同的方式展现聪明）正好引出了下文对不同动物特长的描述。故选C。 4. 前文已经列举了松鼠和章鱼。 这是一个并列关系的补充。选项D “Dogs and parrots also show their great smartness”（狗和鹦鹉也展现了它们的聪明）中的 also 是明显的并列信号词，进一步丰富了论据。故选D。 5. 前一句说每种动物都擅长在变化的环境中生存；最后一句总结说乌鸦在“做乌鸦”这件事上是最聪明的。这里需要一个总结性的升华句。选项F “Every living thing has its own special skills to survive”（每个生物都有自己独特的生存技能）与上一句意思相近，起到了强调和铺垫最后一句的作用。故选F。 七、阅读理解。 It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends—every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time. But a new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. Actually, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long time the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This showed that they could remember their past experiences. In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively（挑衅地）in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence（证据） before. Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to live in the wild. “If fish are able to remember a certain area with safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science. For a long time fish were placed far below chimpanzees(黑猩猩), dolphins, elephants, monkeys, dogs and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence(智力). 1．According to the article, people commonly believe that ________ . A．fish don’t recognize any of their friends B．a fish’s memory lasts for only seven minutes C．fish can only remember part of their past experiences D．fish can remember things that happened long time ago 2．What does the underlined word “monitor” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Create. B．Change. C．Control. D．Check. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Only African cichlids have a good memory. B．African cichlids always treat others aggressively. C．African cichlids may remember things for 12 days. D．African cichlids belonged to the list of smart animals. 4．How can fish benefit most from a good memory? A．They can remember their enemies and fight. B．They can remember where to get food and live. C．They can remember their friends and help each other. D．They can remember where to escape when in danger. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章阐述了一份关于鱼的记忆力的研究报告结果，说明某些鱼类的记忆力甚至可以长达12天，并且讨论了好的记忆力可以给鱼类带来哪些益处。 1．细节理解题。根据“It may seem that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends—every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time.”可知人们普遍认为鱼类不记得它们吃了什么，或者它们在哪里，它们也不认得你或者它们的任何一个朋友——它们生命中的每一个瞬间就像看到这个世界的第一眼。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements.”可知研究者们使用电脑软件去监控鱼的运动轨迹。由此可知monitor在此意为“监控”或“检查”，可用check来替换。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Actually, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago”可知事实上，某些鱼类甚至可以记得长达12天前的事件。第二段接着讲述了关于对非洲慈鲷的训练实验，结果证实了这种鱼可以记得12天前的事件。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“If fish are able to remember a certain area with safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks”可知如果鱼类记得有安全食物的某个区域，它们就可以回到那个区域，而不用受到存活的威胁，说明如果鱼类有好的记忆力的话，那它们就可以记得有食物的地方并存活下去。故选B。 八、完形填空。 There is a saying that “an elephant never forgets” and research has shown this is somewhat true. Elephants are very good at remembering which animals are friendly and which are dangerous. Older  1 use this skill to keep the rest of their group safe from dangers. Squirrels also have quite good memories. In autumn, they bury lots of nuts in the ground to  2  them for winter. They depend on their memory and sense of smell to find the nuts and dig them back up to eat them. What about the other animals? Do they have a good memory? Scientists have tested how 3 goats, sheep and alpacas could remember where food was hidden. In one experiment, they placed food under two out of eight buckets in an area. The animals were then brought back later to see if they could  4  which buckets held the food. The goats found the food fastest and made  5  mistakes. Sheep struggled more, while alpacas were slow and often couldn’t finish in  6 . In another test, food was hidden under cups that were moved or mixed with empty ones. Goats still  7 . They easily remembered where the food was even when things changed. Sheep and alpacas, however, had  8  following the cups once they moved. The tests show that goats are  9  and have better memories than sheep and alpacas. Farm animals might be cleverer than we realize. It seems that memory plays an important  10  in the animal world. 1. A. elephants B. squirrels C. goats D. sheep 2. A. sell B. store C. share D. plant 3. A. soon B. often C. well D. long 4. A. forget B. change C. remember D. hide 5. A. more B. fewer C. bigger D. louder 6. A. danger B. silence C. time D. surprise 7. A. excelled B. failed C. slept D. left 8. A. fun B. luck C. trouble D. interest 9. A. slower B. smarter C. weaker D. younger 10. A. game B. joke C. trick D. role 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同动物，包括大象、松鼠、山羊、绵羊和羊驼的记忆能力。 1． 句意：年长的大象利用这项本领保护群体其他成员远离危险。 elephants大象；squirrels松鼠；goats山羊；sheep绵羊。根据上文一直在介绍大象记忆力好、分辨敌友，可知此处指年长大象，故选A。 2． 句意：秋天，它们把大量坚果埋在土里，为冬天储存食物。 sell售卖；store储存；share分享；plant种植。结合常识，松鼠埋坚果是为过冬储存食物，store符合语境，故选B。 3． 句意：科学家们已经测试了山羊、绵羊和羊驼在记住食物藏匿地点方面表现如何。 soon多久；often多久一次；well好坏、程度；long时长。how well 在这里是引导一个从句，表示“……的程度有多好”或者“……表现得怎么样”，此处测试动物记忆能力，故选C。 4． 句意：之后工作人员把这些动物带回来，看它们能否记住哪个桶下面有食物。 forget忘记；change改变；remember记住；hide隐藏。本文围绕动物记忆力展开，结合实验内容，是检验它们能否记住位置，故选C。 5． 句意：山羊找到食物最快，犯的错误更少。 more更多；fewer更少；bigger更大；louder更大声。由fastest可知山羊表现最好，错误更少，mistakes为可数名词复数，用fewer修饰，故选B。 6． 句意：绵羊更加吃力，而羊驼行动缓慢，常常不能及时完成任务。 danger危险；silence沉默；time时间；surprise惊喜。in time 为固定搭配，意为“及时”，符合语境，故选C。 7． 句意：即使物品位置被调换、打乱，山羊依旧表现出色。 excelled表现出色；failed失败；slept睡觉；left离开。根据后句它们轻松记住位置，可知山羊表现很好，故选A。 8． 句意：然而，绵羊和羊驼一旦移动，就很难跟上杯子。 fun乐趣；luck运气；trouble困难；interest兴趣。have trouble (doing sth.) 为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故选C。 9． 句意：实验表明，山羊更聪明，记忆力优于绵羊和羊驼。 slower更慢；smarter更聪明；weaker更弱；younger更年轻。结合实验结果，山羊记忆更好、更聪明，故选B。 10．句意：显而易见，记忆力在动物世界中发挥着重要的作用。 game游戏；joke玩笑；trick诡计；role作用。play an important role 为固定搭配，意为“发挥重要作用”，故选D。 Part 1: Read and Explore I was amazed as the climber managed to describe every inch of the six-day climb he’d finished a year before. I couldn’t believe what an amazing memory he had. Later, I learned that I could remember every inch of my scariest climbs, too. That’s because emotion has a very strong effect on memory. What is memory? Memory is connecting experiences together so that they can be recalled at a later time. In our brains, neurons (神经元) play an important role in forming memories.Memory is the process of connecting certain neurons together to make a connection. We have long-term and short-term memories. Why do we have two types of memories? Just imagine how cluttered (杂乱的) your mind would become if you remembered every single thing. Most of the stuff that’s stored is useless information. Short-term memories are formed by connecting two neurons for a while, through chemical changes in the points between neurons, called synapses(突触). The connections soon disappear, because the chemical reactions slowly die out. Long-term memories need turning on genes in the neuron to make new proteins (蛋白质). These new proteins strengthen the connection between neurons, making them better connected. To move a memory from short-term to long-term storage usually takes much repetition and practice. In an experiment, animals could complete an action after repeated training. But if they were given medicine to stop new proteins, they would soon forget the action. However, events with strong emotions don’t need repetition to last a lifetime. When something brings powerful feelings, our brain believes it is important and worth keeping. Strong emotions can turn short-term memories into long-term ones. That is why the climber could remember his climb in great detail. Part 2: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking（思辨简答） 1. Why can the climber remember his six-day climb very clearly one year later? ________________________________________________________ 2. 写出短时记忆消失的两个原因细节： Detail 1: _______________________________________________________ Detail 2: _______________________________________________________ 3. 结合本文记忆规律，写一句英文短句，助力高效记忆： “_________________________________________!” Task 2: Complete the chart（信息梳理表格） Types of memory Main forming ways Main features Short-term memory 1.________________ Disappear soon Long-term memory Need genes to produce 2.__; need lots of 3.____ Last for a long time Task 3: Creative Project 请根据短文内容补全语段，每空必须使用宾语从句，结合本单元记忆话题。 We have learned the facts about memory from the passage.We know 1._________________________. We also realize 2.____________. Besides, the passage tells us 3._________________________ when we want to keep memories for long. 【答案】 Task 1 1. Because strong emotion has a powerful influence and can turn short-term memories into long-term memory. 2. Detail 1: The connections between neurons soon disappear. Detail 2: The chemical reactions in synapses slowly die out. 3.开放题，答案合理即可。Strong feelings and practice help us remember better! Task 2 1. connect two neurons for a while / chemical changes in synapses 2 new proteins 3. repetition and practice Task 3 1. what the differences between short-term and long-term memories are. 2. why strong emotions can help us remember things for a lifetime. 3. that repetition and practice are necessary ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Our Memory 课时5 Section B Vocabulary in Use 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 increase v. 增长v. 增加 blood n. 血 wild adj. 野生的；自然生长的 mall n. 购物商场 notebook n. 笔记本；笔记本电脑 wound n. 伤口；创伤 v. 使受伤 squirrel n. 松鼠 nut n. 坚果 dolphin n. 海豚 recognize v. 辨认出；认可 react to sth. 对…… 作出反应 go through经历；仔细检查 start over 重新开始，从头再来 die of 死于（内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感等） in one's case 就某人而言；在某人的情况下 keep in mind 记住；牢记 run out (of sth.) 用完；耗尽 happen to (sb./sth.) 发生在…… 身上；碰巧 in a great position 位置优越；处于有利位置 句型 1. He is likely to die of wounds if not treated at once.若不立即救治，他很可能会因伤势过重而死亡。 2. I can't recall which notebook I wrote your email address in.我想不起来是在哪本笔记本上写下你的电子邮箱地址了。 3. They keep in mind where food can be found and where it is safe.它们会牢记食物可以在哪里找到，以及哪里是安全的地方。 4. Humans do not know for sure what goes through their minds during the journey, but wild geese seldom get lost.A similar situation happens to dolphins. 人类无法确定大雁在迁徙途中的想法是什么，但它们很少会迷路。海豚身上也存在类似的情况。 ) 一、单词默写。 1. _______ /ɪnˈkriːs//ɪnˈkriːs/ n. 增长 v. 增加 2. ________ /waɪld/ adj. 野生的；自然生长的 3. _______ /blʌd/ n. 血 4. ________ /wuːnd/ n. 伤口；创伤 v.使受伤 5. _______ /mɔːl/ n. 购物商场 6. ________ /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本；笔记本电脑 7. _______ /ˈskwɪrəl/ n. 松鼠 8. ________ /nʌt/ n. 坚果 9. _______ /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚 10. ________ /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 辨认出；认可 二、词组默写。 1. 就某人而言；在某人的情况下__________ 2. 对…… 作出反应_____________________ 3. 重新开始，从头再来__________ 4. 死于（内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感等）________ 5. 经历，经受；仔细检查；通过________ 6. 记住；牢记 _______ 7. 用完；耗尽________ 8. 发生在…… 身上；碰巧_______ 9. 位置优越；处于有利位置 __________________ 10. 很可能做 _______ 三、汉语提示填空题 1.无论遇到什么困难，你都应该牢记团队合作的重要性。 No matter what difficulties you meet, you should ________ ________ ________ the importance of teamwork. 2.当我们的饮用水耗尽时，我们才意识到节约用水是多么重要。 When we ________ ________ ________ drinking water, we realized how important it is to save water. 3. 他无法确定，究竟是什么念头掠过她的脑海，致使她中途离场。 He didn't know for sure what ________ ________ her mind that made her leave the speech halfway. 4. 就我个人而言，失败并不是坏事，它反而能让我们学到更多东西。 ________ ________ ________, failure is not a bad thing; instead, it helps us learn more. 5. 村里许多老人死于心脏病和高血压。 Many elderly people in the village ________ ________ heart disease and high blood pressure. 6. 面对失败，她选择重新开始，而不是放弃。 Facing failure, she chose to ________ ________ rather than give up. 7. 这家餐厅位置优越，所以每天都有很多顾客光顾。 This restaurant is ________ ________ ________ ________, so it has many customers every day. 8.不同的人应对压力的方式各不相同。 Different people ________ ________ stress in different ways. 9. 类似的情况也发生在其他濒危动物身上，它们都面临着栖息地丧失的问题。 A similar situation ________ ________ other endangered animals, as they all face the problem of habitat loss. 10. 如果乌云继续聚集，下个小时可能会下大雨。 If the dark clouds keep gathering, it ________ ________ ________ rain heavily within the next hour. 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. When he heard the bad news, he ________ (react) to it in a quiet way. 2. This kind of medicine is ________ (effect) for people with colds. 3. If people are not treated in time, they may ________ (death) of serious wounds. 4. He was disappointed that his best friend didn't ________ (act) to his wedding invitation for weeks. 5. The kindness of the local people during our trip made the journey truly ________ (forget). 五、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 able use quick happen watch keep her dangerous memory safe Elephants are the largest land animals alive today. They usually live in family groups called herds (兽群). All of the elephants in the herd take care of each other. The leader of the herd is usually an old mother elephant. A herd may have as few as 8 or as many as 100 elephants. The other elephants follow the leader because she knows how 1 them safe from coming danger. Elephants learn by 2 and copying other elephants, and they also learn from life. Baby elephants stay with their mothers until they are fully grown at about 10 years old. Elephants can live to be 50 to 60 years old. Elephants are smart animals with good 3 . In the dry season, a leader can remember where they 4 to find water. The herd will follow her there. She can also remember the 5 place for baby elephants to cross a fast-moving river. Elephants talk to each other with sounds. Some of the sounds are so low and deep that people are 6 to hear them. Elephants hear sounds not only with their ears, but also with their feet and even trunks (象鼻). They also greet each other by touching each other’s trunks and feet. If 7 appears, mothers beat their ears to call their babies to come back. Other animals seldom attack (攻击) elephants. However, a lion might try to attack a baby elephant. If this 8 , the adult elephants circle around the baby elephant. They make louder sounds and hit the ground with their trunks. The leader puts 9 between the lion and the herd. She holds up her ears to make herself look even larger. Then she lowers her head and attacks the enemy 10 . 六、阅读还原。 Are crows brainy? The answer must be yes! They can learn from other birds, play tricks, solve puzzles and do much more. Humans have studied crows for many years to learn how their brains work. For example, people have seen crows drop nuts on busy roads, waiting for cars to drive over and break the shells. 1______ In one study, scientists at a research center showed crows two cups, each with a different number of worms inside. They taught the crows to pick out which cup had more worms. 2______ The crows were able to do it successfully, showing that they can understand some basic knowledge about numbers! So crows are clearly clever. But are they “The Smartest Animal of All Time”? That’s hard to say. 3______ Some have amazing memories. Take a squirrel (松鼠) as an example. It can remember the place where it hid hundreds of nuts for winter, even after several months. Others are super problem-solvers, like octopuses (章鱼), who can work out how to open a locked box to get the food inside. 4______ All these kinds of cleverness are important, making it difficult to tell which animal is much smarter. At last, each animal is good at finding ways to live in a changing environment. 5______ And this means one thing for sure: crows are the smartest of all in being crows! A.Then they tested the crows again without any help. B. It tells us that crows are good at using tools and the environment around them. C. Different animals are smart in different ways. D. Dogs and parrots also show their great smartness. E. Crows are the most beautiful birds in nature. F. Every living thing has its own special skills to survive. 七、阅读理解。 It’s a popular belief that a fish’s memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem that they don’t remember what they’ve eaten or where they’ve been, and they don’t recognize you or any of their friends—every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time. But a new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. Actually, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements. They found that after such a long time the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This showed that they could remember their past experiences. In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively（挑衅地）in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past “fights”. But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence（证据） before. Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to live in the wild. “If fish are able to remember a certain area with safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science. For a long time fish were placed far below chimpanzees(黑猩猩), dolphins, elephants, monkeys, dogs and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence(智力). 1．According to the article, people commonly believe that ________ . A．fish don’t recognize any of their friends B．a fish’s memory lasts for only seven minutes C．fish can only remember part of their past experiences D．fish can remember things that happened long time ago 2．What does the underlined word “monitor” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Create. B．Change. C．Control. D．Check. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Only African cichlids have a good memory. B．African cichlids always treat others aggressively. C．African cichlids may remember things for 12 days. D．African cichlids belonged to the list of smart animals. 4．How can fish benefit most from a good memory? A．They can remember their enemies and fight. B．They can remember where to get food and live. C．They can remember their friends and help each other. D．They can remember where to escape when in danger. 八、完形填空。 There is a saying that “an elephant never forgets” and research has shown this is somewhat true. Elephants are very good at remembering which animals are friendly and which are dangerous. Older  1 use this skill to keep the rest of their group safe from dangers. Squirrels also have quite good memories. In autumn, they bury lots of nuts in the ground to  2  them for winter. They depend on their memory and sense of smell to find the nuts and dig them back up to eat them. What about the other animals? Do they have a good memory? Scientists have tested how 3 goats, sheep and alpacas could remember where food was hidden. In one experiment, they placed food under two out of eight buckets in an area. The animals were then brought back later to see if they could  4  which buckets held the food. The goats found the food fastest and made  5  mistakes. Sheep struggled more, while alpacas were slow and often couldn’t finish in  6 . In another test, food was hidden under cups that were moved or mixed with empty ones. Goats still  7 . They easily remembered where the food was even when things changed. Sheep and alpacas, however, had  8  following the cups once they moved. The tests show that goats are  9  and have better memories than sheep and alpacas. Farm animals might be cleverer than we realize. It seems that memory plays an important  10  in the animal world. 1. A. elephants B. squirrels C. goats D. sheep 2. A. sell B. store C. share D. plant 3. A. soon B. often C. well D. long 4. A. forget B. change C. remember D. hide 5. A. more B. fewer C. bigger D. louder 6. A. danger B. silence C. time D. surprise 7. A. excelled B. failed C. slept D. left 8. A. fun B. luck C. trouble D. interest 9. A. slower B. smarter C. weaker D. younger 10. A. game B. joke C. trick D. role Part 1: Read and Explore I was amazed as the climber managed to describe every inch of the six-day climb he’d finished a year before. I couldn’t believe what an amazing memory he had. Later, I learned that I could remember every inch of my scariest climbs, too. That’s because emotion has a very strong effect on memory. What is memory? Memory is connecting experiences together so that they can be recalled at a later time. In our brains, neurons (神经元) play an important role in forming memories.Memory is the process of connecting certain neurons together to make a connection. We have long-term and short-term memories. Why do we have two types of memories? Just imagine how cluttered (杂乱的) your mind would become if you remembered every single thing. Most of the stuff that’s stored is useless information. Short-term memories are formed by connecting two neurons for a while, through chemical changes in the points between neurons, called synapses(突触). The connections soon disappear, because the chemical reactions slowly die out. Long-term memories need turning on genes in the neuron to make new proteins (蛋白质). These new proteins strengthen the connection between neurons, making them better connected. To move a memory from short-term to long-term storage usually takes much repetition and practice. In an experiment, animals could complete an action after repeated training. But if they were given medicine to stop new proteins, they would soon forget the action. However, events with strong emotions don’t need repetition to last a lifetime. When something brings powerful feelings, our brain believes it is important and worth keeping. Strong emotions can turn short-term memories into long-term ones. That is why the climber could remember his climb in great detail. Part 2: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking（思辨简答） 1. Why can the climber remember his six-day climb very clearly one year later? ________________________________________________________ 2. 写出短时记忆消失的两个原因细节： Detail 1: _______________________________________________________ Detail 2: _______________________________________________________ 3. 结合本文记忆规律，写一句英文短句，助力高效记忆： “_________________________________________!” Task 2: Complete the chart（信息梳理表格） Types of memory Main forming ways Main features Short-term memory 1.________________ Disappear soon Long-term memory Need genes to produce 2.__; need lots of 3.____ Last for a long time Task 3: Creative Project 请根据短文内容补全语段，每空必须使用宾语从句，结合本单元记忆话题。 We have learned the facts about memory from the passage.We know 1._________________________. We also realize 2.____________. Besides, the passage tells us 3._________________________ when we want to keep memories for long. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $