Unit 5 Power of Ideas 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态（核心语法精练）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态，以“概念-结构-应用”逻辑链构建训练体系，通过分层题型提升语法应用与语境分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|2种时态结构表|被动语态“be+过去分词”核心公式，分肯定/否定/疑问句型归纳|从主动被动定义对比切入，推导两种时态被动结构，建立语法概念框架| |考点夯基|单项选择20题/单词填空10题/完成句子10题|时态辨析（now/every day与yesterday/last year标志词）、主动被动转换三步法（找宾语-变主语-调时态）|针对基础考点，覆盖结构识别、动词变形、句子转换等核心考法| |综合提升|语法选择1篇/短文填空2篇|语境中时态语态判定技巧（结合上下文时间线索）|从单句应用过渡到语篇理解，培养语法知识在真实语境中的迁移能力|

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 核心语法精练 （一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用单词正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 7 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 1、 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak English. 2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 3、主动句和被动句的对比： 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。(主动句)        The door was opened. 门被开了。(被动句) 4、被动语态的构成    被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。 (2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他, The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。 (3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他做的吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Where is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的? 一、单项选择 1．Basketball, a much-loved and active sport, ________ for fun and exercise by many people around the world. A．is enjoying B．was enjoyed C．is enjoyed 2．Lots of trees ______ in our city every spring. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．will plant 3．These old books ________ in the library every day to keep them clean. A．clean B．are cleaned C．cleaned D．will clean 4．—As students, we should pay attention to our words. —I agree. Just as the saying goes, “A tree ________ by its fruit, and a man by his talk.” A．is known B．knows C．was known D．knew 5．—Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I________, I will go on time. A．invite B．will invite C．am invited D．will be invited 6．Many colorful activities ________ during the 15-minute breaks in our school now. A．hold B．held C．are held D．were held 7．Yunnan highland coffee ________ by coffee lovers nowadays. A．loves B．loved C．is loved D．was loved 8．Kids ________ to feel welcome when we greet them warmly. A．made B．are made C．make D．are make 9．The plan ________ to be a good way to solve the problem by all the group members. A．considers B．is considered C．considered D．is considering 10．—Where’s your sister? She ________ on the phone. —Sorry, she went to Shanghai yesterday. A．wants B．wanted C．is wanted 11．The Spring Bud Project ________ in 1989 to provide better educational chances for girls from poor families. A．founds B．is founded C．founded D．was founded 12．My friend lost his way and he ________ home by a policeman yesterday. A．takes B．took C．was taken D．is took 13．—Have you read the letter from your grandma, Cindy? —Yes. I ________ by her love and care. A．touched B．was touching C．was touched D．have touched 14．The World Data Organization ________ on March 30th, 2026 in Beijing. It helps push forward digital development. A．founds B．founded C．is founded D．was founded 15．—Why didn’t you attend the party? —I ________ to look after my sick sister. A．asked B．am asked C．was asked D．will be asked 16．The popular novel ________ by a young writer last year. It has sold over 100,000 copies. A．writes B．is written C．was written 17．The detective found that the gold was ________ by a bad man last night. A．stolen B．stole C．steal D．stealing 18．The problem with the sculpture ________ at the meeting yesterday. A．discussed B．was discussed C．discusses D．is discussed 19．The story of the artist ________ to the students by the teacher. A．told B．was told C．tells D．is telling 20．The special recipe ________ to us by the chef during the class. A．taught B．was taught C．teaches D．is teaching 二、单词正确形式填空 21．Tianwen-1 ________ (send) into space on 23 July 2020. 22．The charity show ________ (hold) in the school hall last Friday. 23．The British Museum ________ (found) in 1753. 24．The little girl ________ (take) to the police station by her mum yesterday afternoon. 25．The old clothes ________ (collect) by volunteers last month. 26．Today, pets ________ (treat) like family members in most countries. 27．The books ________ (keep) for two weeks. 28．All the homework ________ (finish) on time every day. 29．Money ________ (raise) to help poor students every spring. 30．The sick children ________ (look) after well in the hospital. 三、完成句子 31．圣诞节在西方国家被广泛庆祝。   Christmas is ________ ________ in Western countries. 32．鲁迅被认为是现代中国文学之父。   Lu Xun is ________ the ________ of modern Chinese ________. 33．Many kind people support different charities in Nanjing. (改成被动语态) Different charities in Nanjing ________ ________ by many kind people. 34．People use electricity to cook food. (改为被动语态) Electricity ________ ________ to cook food by people. 35．这座古镇如今被茂密的树木覆盖。 The old town ________ ________ ________ thick trees now. 36．屠呦呦因她的成就于2015年被授予诺贝尔奖。   Tu Youyou ________ ________ the Nobel Prize in 2015 for her achievements. 37．The students cleaned the classroom yesterday. (改为被动语态) The classroom ________ ________ by the students yesterday. 38．消息传得很快，他的故事被众人知晓了。 Words spread fast, and his story ________ ________. 39．We saw him play football just now.（将下列句子改为同义句） ________________________________________ 40．The car was invented in 1885. (对划线部分提问) ________ was the car ________? 一、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 As telephones carry our voices from one place to another, we can’t help thinking of Alexander Graham Bell. He is the inventor 1 the telephone. Bell was born in Scotland, but his family moved to Canada in1870, and Bell himself moved to Boston, the USA in 1871. Bell’s mother was almost deaf, so Bell became interested in 2 deaf people communicate at a young age. The interest led him to invent the microphone (麦克风). Then Bell 3 a telegraph (电报机), which could only send one message at a time. Bell wanted 4 it so that it could send several messages at the same time. He tried to design a machine that could separate sound waves (声波) and allow 45 messages to be sent at the same time. But he found 5 really hard to do that. One day while Bell was experimenting, he came up with 6 idea suddenly. If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current (电流), they could be sent along a wire (电线). 7 trying to improve the telegraph, Bell invented the first telephone! The important day was March 10th, 1876. That night Bell wrote to his mother, “This is a great day for me. I feel that the day is 8 when the telephone wires are connected to every house just like water and power.” Two years later, telephones 9 used in many cities in the United States. The number of telephones in use kept going up very fast year after year, and by 1922 there were over 14 million telephones in the United States. 1．A．in B．of C．with 2．A．help B．to help C．helping 3．A．makes B．made C．will make 4．A．to improve B．improving C．improve 5．A．different B．more different C．the most different 6．A．it B．its C．itself 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．If B．Unless C．When 9．A．coming B．came C．come 10．A．are B．were C．will be 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, smartphone is one of the most amazing 1 (invent) of the modern world. It 2 (change) people’s lives greatly since it first appeared. Many years ago, people could only use mobile phones to make calls. But scientists never stopped researching. In 2007, the first real smartphone came out. 3 that time, most people didn’t believe such 4 small device(设备) could do so many things. Today, smartphones are everywhere. Look around you! Some people are looking up information on smartphones, some 5 (shop), and some are listening to music or watching movies with smartphones. However, students 6 (warn) not to spend too much time on them. Smartphones are not just tools for communication. Last month, my friend got lost while he was camping in a jungle. Finally, he managed 7 (get) in touch with his family with the GPS function(功能) on his smartphone. Smartphones are so useful 8 they have become part of our lives. Some people even can’t stop checking their smartphones from time to time. Of course, we should use them 9 (proper). For example, we mustn’t use them while crossing the street— it’s dangerous. Smartphones are developing rapidly. Every year, new models with better functions appear.We all expect what smartphones 10 (bring) to us in the future! 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 With the development of science and technology, teachers have lots of methods to give their lessons now. One of them is PPT. It’s very 1 (help) for their teaching. But their hands are often injured because 2 the wrong way during the use of PPT. This makes them feel 3 (comfortable) when they use PPT. Luckily, a kind of new gloves has 4 (solve) the problem. By putting on these special gloves, teachers can stay warm and don’t have to worry about 5 (hurt) their hands while using touchscreens. The special gloves were invented by Tang Renjia, 6 junior 3 student from Suzhou Science and Technology Town Foreign Language School. She 7 (receive) a patent certificate (专利证书) issued by the State Intellectual Property Office for her invention. Two years ago, Tang noticed that her teacher’s 8 (finger) were injured after using a touchscreen for long periods of time. Tang wanted to do something about this. She learned 9 to use high-technology materials to make gloves for her teacher. Her multi-functional (多功能的) gloves can keep people’s hands warmer and keep their skin safer 10 they are using touchscreen devices. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 核心语法精练 （一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用单词正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 7 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 1、 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak English. 2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 3、主动句和被动句的对比： 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。(主动句)        The door was opened. 门被开了。(被动句) 4、被动语态的构成    被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 一般过去时的被动语态句子结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+过去分词 Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知早来。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+过去分词 The rice was eaten by the boy this noon.米饭中午被这个男孩吃了。 一般疑问句 was/were+主语+过去分词 Were you asked to go home on time?你被要求按时回家了吗？ 一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构 (1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him,这张桌子是他做的。 (2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他, The desk isn't made by him.这张桌子不是他做的。 (3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他做的吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他? Where is the desk made by him? 这张桌子是他在哪儿做的? 一、单项选择 1．Basketball, a much-loved and active sport, ________ for fun and exercise by many people around the world. A．is enjoying B．was enjoyed C．is enjoyed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：篮球是一项深受人们喜爱的且充满活力的运动，世界上许多人都将其作为娱乐和锻炼的方式。 句子陈述客观事实，且主语Basketball与动词enjoy之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语Basketball为单数，系动词用is。应选C。 2．Lots of trees ______ in our city every spring. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．will plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年春天在我们城市都会种很多树。 plant种植；主语Lots of trees（许多树）与 plant是被动关系，树是被人们种植；every spring（每年春天）为一般现在时标志，复数主语搭配are，plant的过去分词为planted，完整被动结构为are planted。A、D为主动语态，B缺少be动词无法单独作谓语，应填are planted。 3．These old books ________ in the library every day to keep them clean. A．clean B．are cleaned C．cleaned D．will clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些旧书每天在图书馆被打扫以保持干净。 根据时间状语“every day”可知句子时态为一般现在时；主语“These old books”与动词“clean”之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + done）。主语是复数，be动词用are。 4．—As students, we should pay attention to our words. —I agree. Just as the saying goes, “A tree ________ by its fruit, and a man by his talk.” A．is known B．knows C．was known D．knew 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—作为学生，我们应该注意我们的言辞。—我同意。正如谚语所说，“一棵树通过它的果实被知晓，一个人通过他的谈话被知晓。” is known被知晓；出名（一般现在时被动）；knows知道；了解（一般现在时，主语三单）；was known曾被知晓；过去出名（一般过去时被动）； knew知道；认识 (know 的过去式)。主语“A tree”是动作“know”的承受者，需用被动语态 (be+done)；谚语陈述客观真理，时态为一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。应填is known。 5．—Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I________, I will go on time. A．invite B．will invite C．am invited D．will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语I与invite是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。 6．Many colorful activities ________ during the 15-minute breaks in our school now. A．hold B．held C．are held D．were held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在我们学校在15分钟的课间休息期间举行许多丰富多彩的活动。 主语“Many colorful activities”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态“be+done”；根据时间状语“now”可知，时态为一般现在时。主语是复数，be动词用are。应填are held。 7．Yunnan highland coffee ________ by coffee lovers nowadays. A．loves B．loved C．is loved D．was loved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今云南高地咖啡深受咖啡爱好者的喜爱。 主语Yunnan highland coffee和动词love是被动关系，句中nowadays意为“如今”，是一般现在时标志，因此使用一般现在时被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is，后接过去分词loved。故选is loved。 8．Kids ________ to feel welcome when we greet them warmly. A．made B．are made C．make D．are make 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们热情问候孩子们时，他们会倍感亲切。 主语kids和make是被动关系，被动结构be made to do；从句greet为一般现在时，主句也用一般现在时，主语复数，be动词用are。 9．The plan ________ to be a good way to solve the problem by all the group members. A．considers B．is considered C．considered D．is considering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个计划被所有组员认为是解决问题的好方法。 根据“by all the group members”可知，主语The plan与动词consider之间是被动关系，表示 “被认为是……”，应用被动语态。句意描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，应填is considered。 10．—Where’s your sister? She ________ on the phone. —Sorry, she went to Shanghai yesterday. A．wants B．wanted C．is wanted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你妹妹在哪里？有她的电话。——抱歉，她昨天去上海了。 wants一般现在时，主动语态；wanted过去式，主动语态；is wanted一般现在时，被动语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“有人找她接电话”，主语She与动词want构成被动关系，因此应该用被动语态。 11．The Spring Bud Project ________ in 1989 to provide better educational chances for girls from poor families. A．founds B．is founded C．founded D．was founded 【答案】D 【详解】句意：春蕾计划于1989年成立，旨在为贫困家庭的女孩提供更好的教育机会。 根据时间状语“in 1989”可知动作发生在过去，且主语“The Spring Bud Project”与动词“found”之间是被动关系，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态was founded。 12．My friend lost his way and he ________ home by a policeman yesterday. A．takes B．took C．was taken D．is took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的朋友迷路了，昨天他被一名警察带回了家。 根据时间状语“yesterday”可知句子时态为一般过去时；根据“by a policeman”可知主语“he”与动词“take”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。应填was taken。 13．—Have you read the letter from your grandma, Cindy? —Yes. I ________ by her love and care. A．touched B．was touching C．was touched D．have touched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——辛迪，你读过你奶奶的信了吗？——是的。我被她的爱和关怀感动了。 主语“I”与touch之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时被动语态was touched。 14．The World Data Organization ________ on March 30th, 2026 in Beijing. It helps push forward digital development. A．founds B．founded C．is founded D．was founded 【答案】D 【详解】句意：世界数据组织于2026年3月30日在北京成立。它有助于推动数字发展。 主语The World Data Organization与动词found（成立）之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be done）；时间状语on March 30th, 为一般过去时。D项为被动语态一般过去时。故选D。 15．—Why didn’t you attend the party? —I ________ to look after my sick sister. A．asked B．am asked C．was asked D．will be asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么没参加聚会?——我被要求照顾生病的妹妹。 根据“didn’t”可知，时态为一般过去时；主语I和ask是被动关系，结构为“was+过去分词”。 16．The popular novel ________ by a young writer last year. It has sold over 100,000 copies. A．writes B．is written C．was written 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本流行的小说是去年由一位年轻作家写的。它已经售出了超过10万册。 主语“The popular novel”与动词“write”之间构成动宾关系，且时间状语“last year”表示过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态结构，其构成为“was/were done”，主语“The popular novel”为第三人称单数，be动词用was。 17．The detective found that the gold was ________ by a bad man last night. A．stolen B．stole C．steal D．stealing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：侦探发现金子昨晚被一个坏人偷走了。 根据“was...by”可知，主语the gold与动词steal之间是被动关系，且时间状语last night表明是一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was+过去分词”。故选A。 18．The problem with the sculpture ________ at the meeting yesterday. A．discussed B．was discussed C．discusses D．is discussed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雕塑的问题在昨天的会议上被讨论了。 主语The problem with the sculpture和动作discuss是被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词；主语是第三人称单数，结合时间状语yesterday可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态。应填was discussed。 19．The story of the artist ________ to the students by the teacher. A．told B．was told C．tells D．is telling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位艺术家的故事被老师讲给了学生们听。 主语The story是动作tell的承受者，且句中有by the teacher提示，应用被动语态（be+过去分词）。A项为过去式，B项为一般过去时被动语态，C项为第三人称单数，D项为现在进行时。只有B项符合被动结构。 20．The special recipe ________ to us by the chef during the class. A．taught B．was taught C．teaches D．is teaching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个特殊食谱在课上被厨师教给了我们。 主语The special recipe动作teach的承受者，需用被动语态。 二、单词正确形式填空 21．Tianwen-1 ________ (send) into space on 23 July 2020. 【答案】was sent 【详解】句意：天问一号于2020年7月23日被发射升空。主语“Tianwen-1”与动词“send”之间为被动关系，且时间状语“on 23 July 2020”表示过去时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语为单数，用was，send的过去分词为sent。故填was sent。 22．The charity show ________ (hold) in the school hall last Friday. 【答案】was held 【详解】句意：慈善演出上周五在学校礼堂举办。主语The charity show和动词hold是被动关系，时间状语last Friday表明句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was，hold的过去分词为held，因此空格处填入was held。 23．The British Museum ________ (found) in 1753. 【答案】was founded 【详解】句意：大英博物馆建于1753年。时间状语in 1753为一般过去时标志；主语The British Museum和动词found（创立）是被动关系，需用一般过去时被动语态，结构为was/were+动词过去分词；主语为单数，be动词用was，found表“创立”时过去分词是founded，故填was founded。 24．The little girl ________ (take) to the police station by her mum yesterday afternoon. 【答案】was taken 【详解】句意：这个小女孩昨天下午被妈妈带到了警察局。句中“yesterday afternoon”为过去时间状语，主语“The little girl”与“take”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为单数，“take”的过去分词是“taken”，故填was taken。 25．The old clothes ________ (collect) by volunteers last month. 【答案】were collected 【详解】句意：旧衣服上个月被志愿者们收集起来了。时间状语last month表明时态为一般过去时，主语The old clothes与collect之间为被动关系，主语为复数，故用were collected。 26．Today, pets ________ (treat) like family members in most countries. 【答案】are treated 【详解】句意：如今，在大多数国家，宠物被当作家人对待。句中Today是一般现在时标志词；主语pets和动词treat之间是被动关系，被动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”；主语pets是复数，be动词选用are，treat的过去分词是treated，故填are treated。 27．The books ________ (keep) for two weeks. 【答案】are kept 【详解】句意：这些书被保留了两周。keep意为“保留”，是动词。主语The books与keep之间为被动关系，表示“被保留”。根据句意，描述一般规定，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数，助动词用are，keep的过去分词为kept。故填are kept。 28．All the homework ________ (finish) on time every day. 【答案】is finished 【详解】句意：所有的作业每天都被按时完成。句中“every day”为一般现在时的时间状语，提示动作经常发生，应用一般现在时。主语“All the homework”与动词“finish”之间为被动关系，表示“作业被完成”，因此需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are＋过去分词”。homework是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is finished。 29．Money ________ (raise) to help poor students every spring. 【答案】is raised 【详解】句意：每年春天都筹集资金来帮助贫困学生。句中时间状语“every spring”提示，该句在陈述经常性发生的动作，时态为一般现在时，主语“Money”与raise构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态作谓语，结构为：is+过去分词，raise的过去分词是raised。故填is raised。 30．The sick children ________ (look) after well in the hospital. 【答案】are looked 【详解】句意：生病的孩子在医院里受到很好的照顾。该句陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语“The sick children”是复数形式，与动词短语look after之间构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为：are+过去分词，look的过去分词形式是looked。故填are looked。 三、完成句子 31．圣诞节在西方国家被广泛庆祝。   Christmas is ________ ________ in Western countries. 【答案】 widely celebrated 【详解】原句中的“广泛”和“被庆祝”是关键词。在“Christmas is…in Western countries.”结构中，is与及物动词celebrate的过去分词连用表示“被庆祝”，②填celebrated；“广泛地”，修饰动词celebrated，要用副词，①填widely。 32．鲁迅被认为是现代中国文学之父。   Lu Xun is ________ the ________ of modern Chinese ________. 【答案】 considered father literature 【详解】根据中英文对照，表示“被认为”的短语是be considered (as)，本句为一般现在时被动语态，is后接动词过去分词，省略as，故①填considered；“……之父”固定搭配为the father of…，故②填father；“文学”的英文单词是literature，为不可数名词，故③填literature。 33．Many kind people support different charities in Nanjing. (改成被动语态) Different charities in Nanjing ________ ________ by many kind people. 【答案】 are supported 【详解】句意：许多善良的人支持南京不同的慈善机构。原句为一般现在时主动语态，主语Different charities是复数，一般现在时被动结构为“are+动词过去分词”，support的过去分词是supported，应填are supported。 34．People use electricity to cook food. (改为被动语态) Electricity ________ ________ to cook food by people. 【答案】 is used 【详解】句意：人们用电做饭。原句时态是一般现在时，改为一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“be+动词过去分词”。electricity是不可数名词，be动词用is；use过去分词为used，故填is used。 35．这座古镇如今被茂密的树木覆盖。 The old town ________ ________ ________ thick trees now. 【答案】 is covered with 【详解】原句中“被…… 覆盖”为关键词，需用固定被动短语be covered with；时间标志词now提示使用一般现在时，主语The old town是单数，be动词用is，故填is；covered；with。 36．屠呦呦因她的成就于2015年被授予诺贝尔奖。   Tu Youyou ________ ________ the Nobel Prize in 2015 for her achievements. 【答案】 was awarded 【详解】本句缺少关键词“被授予”。中文“被授予”表明主语是动作的承受者，需使用被动语态，结构为be + 过去分词。时间状语in 2015表明动作发生在过去，需使用一般过去时。主语Tu Youyou是第三人称单数，因此be动词选用was。“授予”的英文动词是award，其过去分词为awarded。故填was awarded。 37．The students cleaned the classroom yesterday. (改为被动语态) The classroom ________ ________ by the students yesterday. 【答案】 was cleaned 【详解】句意：学生们昨天打扫了教室。由“cleaned”可知，使用一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态为was/were done，主语“The classroom”为单数，be动词使用was，clean的过去分词是cleaned。 38．消息传得很快，他的故事被众人知晓了。 Words spread fast, and his story ________ ________. 【答案】 became known 【详解】原句中“被众人知晓”是关键词，“变得被知晓”对应的英文为become known；前半句动词“spread”为过去式。本句时态为一般过去时，故become应变为became。 39．We saw him play football just now.（将下列句子改为同义句） ________________________________________ 【答案】He was seen to play football just now. 【详解】句意：我们刚才看见他踢足球了。see sb. do sth.（看见某人做某事，强调全过程）可转换为被动结构sb. be seen to do sth，时态为一般过去时，be动词用was，转换后句子为He was seen to play football just now. 40．The car was invented in 1885. (对划线部分提问) ________ was the car ________? 【答案】 When invented 【详解】句意：这辆车是在1885年发明的。划线部分“in 1885”表示时间，对时间提问需用特殊疑问词when，句首，首字母大写；“was invented”为一般过去时的被动语态，变疑问句时，将be动词was提至主语the car之前，过去分词invented不变。 一、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 As telephones carry our voices from one place to another, we can’t help thinking of Alexander Graham Bell. He is the inventor 1 the telephone. Bell was born in Scotland, but his family moved to Canada in1870, and Bell himself moved to Boston, the USA in 1871. Bell’s mother was almost deaf, so Bell became interested in 2 deaf people communicate at a young age. The interest led him to invent the microphone (麦克风). Then Bell 3 a telegraph (电报机), which could only send one message at a time. Bell wanted 4 it so that it could send several messages at the same time. He tried to design a machine that could separate sound waves (声波) and allow 45 messages to be sent at the same time. But he found 5 really hard to do that. One day while Bell was experimenting, he came up with 6 idea suddenly. If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current (电流), they could be sent along a wire (电线). 7 trying to improve the telegraph, Bell invented the first telephone! The important day was March 10th, 1876. That night Bell wrote to his mother, “This is a great day for me. I feel that the day is 8 when the telephone wires are connected to every house just like water and power.” Two years later, telephones 9 used in many cities in the United States. The number of telephones in use kept going up very fast year after year, and by 1922 there were over 14 million telephones in the United States. 1．A．in B．of C．with 2．A．help B．to help C．helping 3．A．makes B．made C．will make 4．A．to improve B．improving C．improve 5．A．different B．more different C．the most different 6．A．it B．its C．itself 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．If B．Unless C．When 9．A．coming B．came C．come 10．A．are B．were C．will be 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了电话发明者亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔的生平、发明电话的过程以及电话后来的普及情况。 1．句意：他是电话的发明者。 固定搭配：the inventor of…，意为“……的发明者”。 2．句意：贝尔的母亲几乎失聪，因此在年幼时贝尔就对帮助聋人进行交流产生了浓厚的兴趣。 become interested in doing sth.“对做某事感兴趣”，介词in后用动名词。 3．句意：随后，贝尔发明了一种电报机，但这种机器每次只能发送一条信息。 全文讲述过去的事，用一般过去时，make的过去式是made。 4．句意：贝尔想要对其进行改进，以便它能够同时发送多条信息。 want to do sth.“想要做某事”，空处使用动词不定式。 5．句意：他试图设计一种机器，这种机器能够分离声波，并能让不同的信息在同一时间进行传输。 根据句意“允许不同的信息同时发送”，用原级different即可。 6．句意：但是他发现做这个真的很困难。 此处是固定句型：find it+形容词+to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语。 7．句意：有一天，贝尔在做实验的时候，突然有了一个绝妙的主意。 此处泛指一个主意，idea以元音音素开头，表示“一个想法”用an idea。 8．句意：当试图改进电报机时，贝尔发明了第一台电话。 空处所在句子为时间状语从句，即：改造电报机时发明了电话，When“当……时候”符合。 9．句意：我觉得那一天即将到来，届时电话线会像供水和供电线路一样，延伸到每一个家庭。 be动词is后接现在分词，用现在进行时表将来。 10．句意：两年后，电话在美国许多城市得到了广泛应用。 主语telephones是复数，时间是two years later（过去），用一般过去时的被动语态were used。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, smartphone is one of the most amazing 1 (invent) of the modern world. It 2 (change) people’s lives greatly since it first appeared. Many years ago, people could only use mobile phones to make calls. But scientists never stopped researching. In 2007, the first real smartphone came out. 3 that time, most people didn’t believe such 4 small device(设备) could do so many things. Today, smartphones are everywhere. Look around you! Some people are looking up information on smartphones, some 5 (shop), and some are listening to music or watching movies with smartphones. However, students 6 (warn) not to spend too much time on them. Smartphones are not just tools for communication. Last month, my friend got lost while he was camping in a jungle. Finally, he managed 7 (get) in touch with his family with the GPS function(功能) on his smartphone. Smartphones are so useful 8 they have become part of our lives. Some people even can’t stop checking their smartphones from time to time. Of course, we should use them 9 (proper). For example, we mustn’t use them while crossing the street— it’s dangerous. Smartphones are developing rapidly. Every year, new models with better functions appear.We all expect what smartphones 10 (bring) to us in the future! 【答案】 1．inventions 2．has changed 3．At 4．a 5．are shopping 6．are warned 7．to get 8．that 9．properly 10．will bring 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了智能手机的发明、发展及其对人们生活的影响，同时也提醒人们要合理使用智能手机。 1．句意：众所周知，智能手机是现代世界最神奇的发明之一。根据“one of the most amazing...”可知空格处需填入可数名词复数形式，提示词“invent”的名词形式为invention。故填inventions。 2．句意：自首次出现以来，它极大地改变了人们的生活。根据“...people’s lives greatly since it first appeared.”可知since引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时（主语+have/has+过去分词），change的过去分词为changed，主语“It”是单数意义，助动词用has。故填has changed。 3．句意：那时，大多数人不相信如此小的设备能做这么多事情。根据“...that time”可知表示“在……时候”用at that time，且位于句首需大写首字母。故填At。 4．句意：那时，大多数人不相信如此小的设备能做这么多事情。根据“such...small device”可知small device为单数可数名词，且small以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．句意：有些人在智能手机上查找信息，有些人在购物，有些人用智能手机听音乐或看电影。根据“Some people are looking up information on smartphones, some...and some are listening to...”可知此处与“are looking up”和“are listening”并列，此处用现在进行时。故填are shopping。 6．句意：然而，学生们被警告不要花太多时间在手机上。根据“students...not to spend too...”可知主语students与warn之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are warned。 7．句意：最终，他设法通过智能手机的GPS功能联系上了家人。根据“he managed...”可知“manage to do sth.设法做成某事”，空格处需用不定式。故填to get。 8．句意：智能手机如此有用，以至于它们已成为我们生活的一部分。根据“so useful...they have become part of our...”可知此处表示“如此……以至于……”，对应句型“so…that…”。故填that。 9．句意：当然，我们应该合理使用它们。根据“we should use them...”可知修饰动词use需用副词形式，提示词proper的副词为properly。故填properly。 10．句意：我们都期待智能手机未来会带给我们什么！根据“in the future”可知用一般将来时（will+do）。故填will bring。 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 With the development of science and technology, teachers have lots of methods to give their lessons now. One of them is PPT. It’s very 1 (help) for their teaching. But their hands are often injured because 2 the wrong way during the use of PPT. This makes them feel 3 (comfortable) when they use PPT. Luckily, a kind of new gloves has 4 (solve) the problem. By putting on these special gloves, teachers can stay warm and don’t have to worry about 5 (hurt) their hands while using touchscreens. The special gloves were invented by Tang Renjia, 6 junior 3 student from Suzhou Science and Technology Town Foreign Language School. She 7 (receive) a patent certificate (专利证书) issued by the State Intellectual Property Office for her invention. Two years ago, Tang noticed that her teacher’s 8 (finger) were injured after using a touchscreen for long periods of time. Tang wanted to do something about this. She learned 9 to use high-technology materials to make gloves for her teacher. Her multi-functional (多功能的) gloves can keep people’s hands warmer and keep their skin safer 10 they are using touchscreen devices. 【答案】 1．helpful 2．of 3．uncomfortable 4．solved 5．hurting 6．a 7．received 8．fingers 9．how 10．when/while 【导语】本文介绍了学生唐仁佳发明手套，解决老师用PPT触屏伤手问题，获专利。 1．句意：这对他们的教学非常有帮助。这里需要形容词作表语，“help”的形容词形式是“helpful”，表示“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 2．句意：但在教学过程中，由于方式不当，他们的手经常受伤。此处表示“因为错误的方式”，应使用固定搭配“because of”意为“因为、由于”，后面接名词或名词短语。故填of。 3．句意：这让他们在使用PPT时感到不舒服。前文提到手经常受伤，所以使用PPT时会感觉“不舒服”，“comfortable”的否定形式是“uncomfortable”。故填uncomfortable。 4．句意：幸运的是，一种新型手套解决了这个问题。句子结构是现在完成时（has + 过去分词），“solve”的过去分词是“solved”。故填solved。 5．句意：戴上这种特殊手套，老师们既能保暖，也不用担心使用触屏时伤到自己的手。worry about doing sth.意为“担心做某事”，固定词组，“hurt”的动名词形式是“hurting”。故填hurting。 6．句意：一名来自苏州科技城外国语学校的初三学生。这里表示“一名初三学生”，“junior”是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 7．句意：她的这项发明获得了国家知识产权局颁发的专利证书。这个动作是过去发生的，用一般过去时，“receive”的过去式是“received”。故填received。 8．句意：两年前，唐注意到她的老师长时间使用触屏后手指受伤了。老师的手指通常是复数，“finger”的复数形式是“fingers”。故填fingers。 9．句意：她学习如何使用高科技材料为老师制作手套。根据前后文“She learned…to use high-technology materials to make gloves for her teacher.”，此处表示学习如何使用高科技材料为老师制作手套，应使用固定搭配“learn how to do sth”，表示“学习如何做某事”。故填how。 10．句意：她的多功能手套能在人们使用触屏设备时让手部更温暖，同时更好地保护皮肤。这里表示“当他们使用触屏设备时”，用“when”或“while”引导时间状语从句。故填when/while。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $