选择性必修二课文语法填空及解析-2025-2026学年下学期英语期末复习（人教版）

**基本信息** 以语篇完形填空为载体，系统整合语法考点，通过单元话题串联知识逻辑，强化语境中语言运用能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |Unit1-5|每单元2篇，共23-35题|细分考点类别（非谓语动词、从句、介词等），解析固定搭配与语境应用|按话题（科学史、留学等）递进，从基础语法（冠词、连词）到复杂结构（从句、非谓语），形成“概念-应用”链条|

选择性必修二 Unit 1 Unit 1 John Snow Defeats "King Cholera" (Reading and Thinking) Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed (1) ______ it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, (2) ______ even death. In the early 19th century, when (3) ______ outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose (4) ______ (become) a famous doctor, and even attended (5) ______ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories (6) ______ (explain) how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an (7) ______ (infect) from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed (8) ______ the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed (9) ______ (prove). Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was (10)______ severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places (11)______ all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They (12)______ (give) free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was (13)______ (blame). What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it (14)______ (deliver) to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump (15)______ (remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other (16)______ (case) of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely (17)______ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or (18)______ (boil) water. Through Snow's (19)______ (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. (20)______ (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, (21)______ (thank) to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. (22)______ this reason, Snow (23)______ (consider) the father of modern epidemiology. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 从句连接词（宾语从句） how showed后接宾语从句，how表示“如何”。 (2) 连词（并列） and 连接diarrhoea, dehydration, death三个并列名词。 (3) 冠词（泛指） an an outbreak表示“一次爆发”，outbreak以元音音素开头。 (4) 非谓语动词（不定式） to become rose to become表示“成长为”。 (5) 冠词（特指） to attend to sb.为固定搭配，意为“照料/护理某人”。 (6) 非谓语动词（不定式） to explain 不定式作定语，修饰theories。 (7) 词性转换（动→名词） infection an infection from germs表示“来自细菌的感染”。 (8) 介词（固定搭配） to subscribe to为固定搭配，意为“同意/支持”。 (9) 非谓语动词（不定式被动） to be proved needed to be proved表示“需要被证明”。 (10) 副词（固定搭配） so so...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 (11) 定语从句（关系副词） where 引导定语从句修饰places，在从句中作地点状语。 (12) 动词时态语态（过去完成时被动） had been given “被给予免费啤酒”发生在过去动作之前，用过去完成时被动。 (13) 非谓语动词（不定式） to blame be to blame为固定搭配，意为“应受责备”。 (14) 非谓语动词（过去分词） delivered have sth. done结构，表示“让人把水送到她家”。 (15) 非谓语动词（过去分词） removed have sth. done结构，表示“让人把泵把手移除”。 (16) 名词复数 cases other cases表示“其他病例”。 (17) 非谓语动词（不定式） to get be likely to do sth.为固定搭配。 (18) 词性转换（动→形容词） boiled boiled water表示“烧开过的水”。 (19) 词性转换（名→形容词） tireless tireless efforts表示“不懈的努力”。 (20) 词性转换（形→副词） Fortunately 副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运的是”。 (21) 介词（固定搭配） thanks thanks to为固定搭配，意为“多亏了”。 (22) 介词（固定搭配） For for this reason为固定搭配，意为“出于这个原因”。 (23) 动词时态语态（一般现在时被动） is considered Snow被公认为现代流行病学之父，表示客观事实。 Unit 1 The Father of China's Aerospace / A World of Pure Thought (Using Language) THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science (1)______ Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen (2)______ a man with "great scientific thought and scientific spirit" who was (3)______ (patriot) and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University (4)______ (study) Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major (5)______ aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. (6)______ the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate (7)______ (assist) at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's (8)______ (lead) space-exploration centres. After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put (9)______ charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was (10)______ (develop). No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents (11)______ experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking (12)______ the challenge. When (13)______ (ask) "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?", his reply was a (14)______ (determine) "Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make." (15)______ Qian's leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully (16)______ (launch) its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back (17)______ Qian's research, Qian earned the name of "the father of China's aerospace." Qian read a lot and was extremely (18)______ (knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research. However, (19)______ might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him (20)______ (inspire) in his scientific research. On 31 October 2009, the whole country (21)______ (sadden) by Qian's death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and (22)______ (gift) scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and (23)______ (use) a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him (24)______ (lose) the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. (25)______ general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, (26)______ holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The (27)______ was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question (28)______ answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths (29)______ (correct), it showed that the big bang theory---and not the steady state theory---was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star (30)______ (bear). So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? (31)______ being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in (32)______ he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream (33)______. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight (34)______ his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd (35)______ (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 介词（比较） than no...greater than...为比较结构。 (2) 介词（作为） as described as为固定搭配，意为“被描述为”。 (3) 词性转换（名→形容词） patriotic 作表语，表示“爱国的”。 (4) 非谓语动词（不定式） to study entered university to study...，不定式作目的状语。 (5) 介词（转向） to switch to为固定搭配，意为“转向”。 (6) 介词（期间） In/Over in/over the course of为固定搭配，意为“在……过程中”。 (7) 词性转换（动→名词） assistant a graduate assistant表示“研究生助教”。 (8) 形容词（领先的） leading one of NASA's leading centres表示“NASA领先的中心之一”。 (9) 介词（固定搭配） in be put in charge of为固定搭配，意为“被委任负责”。 (10) 词性转换（动→形容词） undeveloped 表示“不发达的”，加否定前缀un-。 (11) 连词（选择） or no talents or experts表示“没有人才或专家”。 (12) 介词（固定搭配） on take on the challenge为固定搭配，意为“接受挑战”。 (13) 非谓语动词（过去分词） asked when asked为状语从句省略，表示“当被问及时”。 (14) 词性转换（动→形容词） determined a determined reply表示“坚定的回答”。 (15) 介词（在……领导下） Under under one's leadership为固定搭配。 (16) 动词时态（一般过去时） launched 叙述1970年的历史事件，用一般过去时。 (17) 介词（追溯到） to trace back to为固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。 (18) 词性转换（名→形容词） knowledgeable 作表语，表示“知识渊博的”。 (19) 从句连接词（主语从句） what what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。 (20) 词性转换（动→名词） inspiration gave him inspiration表示“给他灵感”。 (21) 动词时态语态（一般过去时被动） was saddened the country与sadden为被动关系。 (22) 词性转换（名→形容词） gifted gifted scientists表示“有天赋的科学家”。 (23) 非谓语动词（现在分词） using 与unable to move并列作状语。 (24) 非谓语动词（不定式） to lose caused him to lose...为固定搭配。 (25) 介词（固定搭配） In in general为固定搭配，意为“一般来说”。 (26) 定语从句（关系代词） which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的theory。 (27) 代词（不定代词） other the first...the other...为固定结构，意为“一个……另一个……”。 (28) 连词（并列） and question and answer为固定搭配。 (29) 动词时态语态（一般过去时被动） was corrected the maths与correct为被动关系。 (30) 动词时态语态（一般过去时被动） was born A star was born为固定表达，意为“一颗新星诞生了”。 (31) 介词（除了） Besides/Beyond besides/beyond being brilliant表示“除了聪明之外”。 (32) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what in what he said or did表示“在他所说或所做之事中”。 (33) 介词（关于） of/about dream of/about为固定搭配，意为“梦想”。 (34) 介词（对抗） against fight against为固定搭配，意为“与……斗争”。 (35) 词性转换（动→名词） combination odd combination表示“奇怪的组合”。 选择性必修二 Unit 2 Unit 2 "Welcome, Xie Lei!" Business Student Building Bridges (Reading and Thinking) Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and (1) ______ (board) a plane for London. It was the first time that she (2) ______ (leave) China. "I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn't know (3) ______ to expect," Xie Lei recalled. Xie Lei is studying for a business (4) ______ (qualify) at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. "I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about (5) ______ (globe) business and improve my English. My ambition is to set (6) ______ a business in China after graduation," she explained. At first, Xie Lei had to adapt (7) ______ life in a different country. "You have to get used to a whole new life," she said. "I had to learn how to use public transport (8)______ how to ask for things I didn't know the English names for. When I got lost, I had to ask (9)______ (passer-by) for help, but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar (10)______. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot!" Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her (11)______ (adapt) to the new culture. "When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family," Xie Lei said. "When there's something I don't know or understand, I can ask them. They are also keen (12)______ (learn) about China. Laura, the daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future. We take turns (13)______ (cook) each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels (14)______ (hunger) when she smells it, so I taught her (15)______ to cook it, too." Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. The first time (16)______ she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge (17)______ other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! Xie Lei was confused (18)______ she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own. Xie Lei also found many courses included students' participation (19)______ class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, (20)______ raise questions, as well as give presentations. At first, Xie Lei had no idea (21)______ she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself (22)______ (speak) up in class after just a few weeks. "My presentation on traditional Chinese art was (23)______ great success, which boosted my confidence," she said. "I'll use these skills back home for presentations. (24)______ will help me build a strong business in the future." Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. (25)______ seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her. "(26)______ (engage) in British culture has helped," she said. "As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our culture (27)______ eager to learn more about it, so I'm keen to share my culture with them. While I'm learning about business, I'm also acting as a cultural messenger (28)______ (build) a bridge between us." We will follow Xie Lei's progress in later editions, but for now we wish her all the best. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 动词时态（一般过去时） boarded 叙述过去发生的动作，与said goodbye并列。 (2) 动词时态（过去完成时） had left It was the first time that...从句用过去完成时。 (3) 疑问词+不定式 what what to expect表示“期待什么”。 (4) 词性转换（动→名词） qualification a business qualification表示“商业资格证书”。 (5) 词性转换（名→形容词） global global business表示“全球商业”。 (6) 副词（固定搭配） up set up为固定搭配，意为“建立”。 (7) 介词（固定搭配） to adapt to为固定搭配，意为“适应”。 (8) 连词（并列） and 连接how to use和how to ask两个并列结构。 (9) 名词复数 passers-by passers-by为passer-by的复数形式，意为“路人”。 (10) 介词（固定搭配） with be familiar with为固定搭配，意为“对……熟悉”。 (11) 词性转换（动→名词） adaptation 形容词性物主代词her后接名词，表示“适应”。 (12) 非谓语动词（不定式） to learn be keen to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”。 (13) 非谓语动词（不定式） to cook take turns to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“轮流做某事”。 (14) 词性转换（名→形容词） hungry feels hungry表示“感到饥饿”。 (15) 疑问词+不定式 how taught her how to cook it表示“教她如何做”。 (16) 定语从句（关系副词） that the first time that...，that引导定语从句。 (17) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what 作acknowledge的宾语，what在从句中作said的宾语。 (18) 连词（原因） because/as 引导原因状语从句。 (19) 介词（在……中） in participation in class表示“课堂参与”。 (20) 连词（并列） and 连接generate, offer, apply, raise四个并列动词。 (21) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what had no idea what she should say表示“不知道该说什么”。 (22) 非谓语动词（现在分词） speaking found herself speaking up表示“发现自己正在发言”。 (23) 冠词（泛指） a a great success表示“一次巨大的成功”。 (24) 代词（指代） They They指代these skills，首字母大写。 (25) 从句连接词（主语从句） What what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，首字母大写。 (26) 非谓语动词（动名词） Engaging 动名词短语作主语，表示“融入英国文化”，首字母大写。 (27) 连词（并列） and 连接are fascinated和eager两个并列表语。 (28) 非谓语动词（不定式） to build acting as...to build a bridge，不定式作目的状语。 Unit 2 Studying Abroad: Is It a Good or a Bad Idea? (Using Language) Dear Editor, In the past few decades, there (1) ______ (be) a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. (2) ______ studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater. To begin with, many students who study abroad face great (3) ______ (economy) pressure. That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone. Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive (4)______ at home and could end up (5)______ (cost) most families an arm and a leg. Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money. Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes with studying abroad. Students must learn how to live in an (6)______ (familiar) environment with limited language skills. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. Other students are not mature enough (7)______ (handle) the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. Some students might even encounter problems (8)______ personal safety. In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock (9)______ many students. A final point to consider is that (10)______ studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved significantly, (11)______ many great universities now available. They have great (12)______ (facility) and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country. To sum up, one cannot deny the fact (13)______ studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors. Kind regards, Wang Li (mother of twin girls) Dear Editor, Is studying abroad a good idea or not? There are certainly disadvantages, (14)______ in my opinion, the advantages are much greater. (15)______ I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! The first advantage of studying abroad is personal (16)______ (grow). The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the (17)______ (good). For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a (18)______ (globe) perspective and improve your general (19)______ (competent). (20)______ advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange. Chinese students can be seen (21)______ cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations. International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here. (22)______ (cooperate) with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight (23)______ our own culture. Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. China's global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make (24)______ (connect) across the world. Therefore, China needs more (25)______ (talent) young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and organisational skills, (26)______ have strong cultural awareness. Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them (27)______ better career opportunities. All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people's understanding of cultural diversity while (28)______ (strengthen) China and building a (29)______ (share) future for all. I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile and I hope my child will study abroad in the future. Sincerely yours, Zhang Yi (father of one boy) 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 动词时态（现在完成时） has been in the past few decades与现在完成时连用，主语there为单数。 (2) 连词（让步） Although/Though/While 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。 (3) 词性转换（名→形容词） economic economic pressure表示“经济压力”。 (4) 连词（比较） than more expensive than...为比较结构。 (5) 非谓语动词（动名词） costing end up doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“最终做某事”。 (6) 词性转换（加否定前缀） unfamiliar an unfamiliar environment表示“不熟悉的环境”。 (7) 非谓语动词（不定式） to handle mature enough to do sth.为固定搭配。 (8) 介词（方面） with problems with personal safety表示“人身安全问题”。 (9) 介词（对） to come as a shock to sb.表示“让某人感到震惊”。 (10) 连词（让步） while while表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 (11) 介词（具有） with with many great universities now available为with复合结构。 (12) 名词复数 facilities facilities表示“设施”，常用复数。 (13) 连词（同位语从句） that 引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。 (14) 连词（转折） but “有缺点”与“优点更大”为转折关系。 (15) 连词（正如） As as引导方式状语从句，表示“正如”，首字母大写。 (16) 词性转换（动→名词） growth personal growth表示“个人成长”。 (17) 词性转换（形→名词） better for the better为固定搭配，意为“向更好的方向”。 (18) 词性转换（名→形容词） global a global perspective表示“全球视野”。 (19) 词性转换（形→名词） competence general competence表示“综合能力”。 (20) 代词（另一个） Another another advantage表示“另一个优势”。 (21) 介词（作为） as be seen as为固定搭配，意为“被视为”。 (22) 非谓语动词（动名词） Cooperating 动名词短语作主语，表示“与……合作”，首字母大写。 (23) 介词（对） into insight into为固定搭配，意为“对……的洞察”。 (24) 名词复数 connections make connections表示“建立联系”。 (25) 词性转换（名→形容词） talented talented young people表示“有才华的年轻人”。 (26) 连词（并列） and 连接who are...和have...和have...三个并列定语从句。 (27) 介词（固定搭配） with provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配。 (28) 非谓语动词（动名词） strengthening while strengthening为现在分词作状语。 (29) 词性转换（动→形容词） shared a shared future表示“共同的未来”。 选择性必修二 Unit 3 Unit 3 Culture and Cuisine (Reading and Thinking) The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, "Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are." Put more (1) ______ (simple), this means "You are what you eat." Most people today relate this saying (2) ______ healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture. Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is (3) ______ case in point. Prior to (4) ______ (come) to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed (5) ______ (suit) American tastes. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which (6) ______ (consist) of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, (7) ______ (flavour) with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, (8) ______ Americans love bold, simple flavours. And (9) ______ the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods. Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended (10) ______ us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, (11) ______ (hunger), and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food (12) ______ we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an (13) ______ (entire) new taste: Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship (14) ______ (offer) us. We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings (15) ______ (serve) with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, (16) ______ making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls (17) ______ (stuff) with sliced Chinese green onions. Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are (18) ______ you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab. Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—(19) ______ the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness. At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, (20) ______ what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold (21) ______ (they)? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. (22) ______ we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know (23) ______ other. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 词性转换（形→副词） simply Put more simply表示“更简单地说”，副词修饰动词。 (2) 介词（固定搭配） to relate...to...为固定搭配，意为“把……与……联系起来”。 (3) 冠词（固定搭配） a a case in point为固定搭配，意为“一个恰当的例子”。 (4) 非谓语动词（动名词） coming prior to为介词短语，后接动名词。 (5) 非谓语动词（不定式） to suit changed to suit American tastes，不定式作目的状语。 (6) 动词时态（主谓一致） consists consist of为固定搭配，which指代dish，谓语用三单。 (7) 非谓语动词（过去分词） flavoured chicken与flavour为被动关系，过去分词作定语。 (8) 从句连接词（宾语从句） that 引导宾语从句，作tell的直接宾语。 (9) 连词（原因） since/as 引导原因状语从句，表示“既然/因为”。 (10) 介词（固定搭配） to recommend sth. to sb.为固定搭配，意为“向某人推荐某物”。 (11) 词性转换（名→形容词） hungry 与tired并列作状语，表示“饥饿的”。 (12) 定语从句（关系代词） that 引导定语从句修饰food，在从句中作ate的宾语。 (13) 词性转换（形→副词） entirely 修饰new，表示“全新的”。 (14) 非谓语动词（过去分词） offered friendship与offer为被动关系，过去分词作定语。 (15) 非谓语动词（过去分词） served dumplings与serve为被动关系，过去分词作定语。 (16) 定语从句（关系副词） where 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 (17) 非谓语动词（过去分词） stuffed rolls与stuff为被动关系，be stuffed with为固定搭配。 (18) 从句连接词（表语从句） what 引导表语从句，在从句中作cook的宾语。 (19) 介词（固定搭配） to from...to...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。 (20) 连词（并列） and 连接what they grow, what kinds of lives they lead, what they like三个并列宾语从句。 (21) 代词（反身代词） themselves 与those who呼应，表示“他们自己”。 (22) 从句连接词（主语从句） What what引导主语从句，在从句中作say的宾语，首字母大写。 (23) 冠词（特指） the the other表示“另一个”。 Unit 3 Healthy Eating (Using Language) There is much debate nowadays as to (1) ______ makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists (2) ______ (insist) for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is (3) ______ (increase) evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, (4) ______ it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely (5) ______ (die) from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of (6) ______ healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, (7) ______ people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet (8) ______ (drink). The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves (9) ______ less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than (10) ______ is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts, (11) ______ cut out sweet drinks altogether. Beyond this, you can keep healthy by (12) ______ (consume) different categories of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre, rather than (13) ______ (process) foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. (14) ______ this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, (15) ______ they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As (16) ______ everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a (17) ______ (balance) one, without too much or too little of any one thing. Finally, a fundamental key (18) ______ healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain (19) ______ (tell) your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel (20) ______ (hungry). Eating slowly also allows your body (21) ______ (digest) your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, (22) ______ (be) better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next. There is no one trick (23) ______ healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude (24) ______ food. One question you can ask yourself is, "Do I eat to live, or live to eat?" If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are (25) ______ the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, (26) ______ to make the right decisions about your diet. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what 作as to的宾语，what在从句中作主语。 (2) 动词时态（现在完成时） have insisted for years与现在完成时连用，表示持续到现在的动作。 (3) 词性转换（动→形容词） increasing increasing evidence表示“越来越多的证据”。 (4) 连词（并列/比较） as not so much...as...为固定搭配，意为“与其说是……不如说是……”。 (5) 非谓语动词（不定式） to die be likely to do sth.为固定搭配。 (6) 从句连接词（让步） how regardless of how healthy...表示“无论有多健康”。 (7) 连词（让步） while/though 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。 (8) 名词复数 drinks sweet drinks表示“甜饮料”。 (9) 介词（限制） to limit...to...为固定搭配，意为“限制……到……”。 (10) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what 作than的宾语，what在从句中作主语。 (11) 连词（并列） and 连接cut down和cut out两个并列动作。 (12) 非谓语动词（动名词） consuming by为介词，后接动名词。 (13) 词性转换（动→形容词） processed processed foods表示“加工食品”。 (14) 介词（除了/此外） Besides besides表示“除此之外”，首字母大写。 (15) 连词（原因） as/because 引导原因状语从句。 (16) 介词（关于） with as with为固定搭配，意为“与……一样”。 (17) 词性转换（动→形容词） balanced a balanced diet表示“均衡饮食”。 (18) 介词（关于） to a key to...为固定搭配，意为“……的关键”。 (19) 非谓语动词（不定式） to tell it takes time for sb. to do sth.为固定句型。 (20) 词性转换（名→形容词） hungry feel hungry表示“感到饥饿”。 (21) 非谓语动词（不定式） to digest allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配。 (22) 动词时态（主谓一致） are 主语为habits，谓语用复数。 (23) 介词（关于） to a trick to...表示“……的诀窍”。 (24) 介词（对） toward(s)/to attitude toward/to为固定搭配。 (25) 介词（固定搭配） on on the right track为固定搭配，意为“在正确的轨道上”。 (26) 连词（并列） and 连接to decide的两个并列宾语从句。 选择性必修二 Unit 4 Unit 4 Seeing the True North via Rail: Vancouver and the Heart of Canada (Reading and Thinking) Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada (1) ______ (visit) their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by (2) ______ (commerce) airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was (3) ______ (excite). Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the (4) ______ (sight). During their first day, (5) ______ is typical of Vancouver, it rained. Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island (6) ______ had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains (7) ______ (look) out over the city. Later they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away. The next morning, the two girls (8) ______ (arise) early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. (9) ______ (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked (10) ______ (mass). When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise where the blue water literally took their breath away with its (11) ______ (exception) beauty. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. (12) ______ (look) at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey (13) ______ they had ever taken. In addition to (14) ______ (see) spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and (15) ______ eagle. From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the train's first stops was in Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta, the centre of Canada's huge oil and gas drilling industry. Edmonton is (16) ______ (freeze) cold in winter, with daily temperatures (17) ______ (average) -10°C. (18) ______ it can be too cold to go outdoors, Edmonton is home to many (19) ______ (shop) malls. In fact, one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton. From Edmonton, the train (20) ______ (head) southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school, Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty-seven million. However, they did not anticipate (21) ______ (see) such an open country, and were (22) ______ (true) amazed. They went through two wheat-growing provinces, (23) ______ they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area. After another day on the train, eventually they were back in (24) ______ urban area, the city of Winnipeg. From there, they travelled through the night, and woke up in Ontario — a land of forests and lakes. The train (25) ______ (thunder) on, through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, (26) ______ (confirm) that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again, and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up (27) ______ next morning and pulled back the curtains, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron — one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario's southern border. It was not until 9:30 a.m. (28) ______ they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. All in all, their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken (29) ______ duration of four days. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 非谓语动词（不定式） to visit went to Canada to visit...，不定式作目的状语。 (2) 词性转换（名→形容词） commercial commercial airline表示“商业航空公司”。 (3) 词性转换（动→形容词） exciting 修饰thought，表示“令人兴奋的”。-ing结尾修饰物。 (4) 名词复数 sights seeing the sights表示“观光”。 (5) 连词（正如） as as is typical of...为固定结构，意为“正如……的典型情况”。 (6) 定语从句（关系代词） that/which 引导定语从句修饰island，在从句中作主语。 (7) 非谓语动词（现在分词） looking see the beautiful mountains looking out...，现在分词作宾补。 (8) 动词时态（一般过去时） arose 叙述过去动作，arise的过去式为arose。 (9) 非谓语动词（过去分词） Seen the mountains与see为被动关系，过去分词作状语，首字母大写。 (10) 词性转换（名→形容词） massive looked massive表示“看起来巨大”。 (11) 词性转换（名→形容词） exceptional exceptional beauty表示“非凡的美”。 (12) 非谓语动词（现在分词） Looking 现在分词作时间状语，表示“看着美丽风景时”，首字母大写。 (13) 定语从句（关系代词） that 引导定语从句修饰journey，在从句中作taken的宾语。 (14) 非谓语动词（动名词） seeing in addition to为介词短语，后接动名词。 (15) 冠词（泛指） an an eagle，eagle以元音音素开头。 (16) 词性转换（动→形容词） freezing freezing cold表示“极冷的”。 (17) 非谓语动词（现在分词） averaging with daily temperatures averaging...为with复合结构。 (18) 连词（让步） Since since引导原因状语从句，表示“既然”，首字母大写。 (19) 名词复数 shopping shopping malls为固定搭配，不加复数。 (20) 动词时态（一般过去时） headed 叙述过去动作，head southeast表示“向东南方向行驶”。 (21) 非谓语动词（动名词） seeing anticipate doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“预料做某事”。 (22) 词性转换（形→副词） truly 修饰amazed，表示“真正地”。 (23) 定语从句（关系副词） where 引导定语从句修饰provinces，在从句中作地点状语。 (24) 冠词（泛指） an an urban area，urban以元音音素开头。 (25) 动词时态（一般过去时） thundered thunder on表示“轰隆隆地继续前行”，叙述过去动作。 (26) 非谓语动词（现在分词） confirming 现在分词作结果状语，表示“证实”。 (27) 冠词（特指） the the next morning表示“第二天早上”。 (28) 连词（强调句型） that It was not until...that...为强调句型。 (29) 冠词（固定搭配） a a duration of为固定搭配，意为“持续……的时间”。 Unit 4 Seeing the True North via Rail: Toronto and Montreal (Using Language) After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada, they only had a few hours to kill (1) ______ they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal, so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the CN Tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario. Standing in the distance, they were astonished (2) ______ (see) misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, (3) ______ is on the south side of the lake. Water from the lake flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea. The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel, and old-fashioned cars (4) ______ (roll) by. As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, "Lin Fei, one of my mother's old schoolmates, lives here. I should phone her and see (5) ______ she's available for dinner." They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown Chinatown. The cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who (6) ______ (move) to Canada many years earlier. "This is the largest Chinatown in Toronto. We have a few more in the Greater Toronto Area, so you can guess that there are a lot of Chinese people in Canada! Chinese people (7) ______ (come) here for more than a hundred years. Therefore, we can get all kinds of great food here from all over China," Lin Fei told them. The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning. At the station, in contrast (8) ______ Toronto, they heard people (9) ______ (talk) in French. They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were (10) ______ French and many people spoke English with an accent. "We don't leave (11) ______ this evening," said Liu Qian, "Let's go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water." They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and (12) ______ (visit) artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street. As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them. "Hello, my name is Jean-Philippe. I'm a photographer," he said, "and I was wondering where you are from." The girls told him they were from China and were on a train trip across Canada. When they told him they had only one day in Montreal, he said, "That's too bad. You owe (13) ______ to yourselves to stay longer. Overall, Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and sounds. Most of us speak (14) ______ English and French, and the city has unique Quebec culture and traditions. There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around, too. Here, we love good coffee, toast and cheese. And good music, of course!" That night the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city, Halifax. The cousins dreamt happily (15) ______ the beautiful cobblestone streets, old brick buildings, (16) ______ the red maple leaves of Montreal. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 连词（时间） before had a few hours to kill before they had to...表示“在……之前有几个小时要打发”。 (2) 非谓语动词（不定式） to see were astonished to see...为固定搭配，意为“惊讶地看到”。 (3) 定语从句（关系代词） which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Niagara Falls，在从句中作主语。 (4) 非谓语动词（现在分词） rolling saw cars rolling by，现在分词作宾补。 (5) 从句连接词（宾语从句） whether/if see whether/if she's available表示“看她是否有空”。 (6) 动词时态（过去完成时） had moved “搬到加拿大”发生在“聊天”之前，用过去完成时。 (7) 动词时态（现在完成进行时） have been coming for more than a hundred years与现在完成进行时连用。 (8) 介词（对比） to in contrast to为固定搭配，意为“与……对比”。 (9) 非谓语动词（现在分词） talking heard people talking，现在分词作宾补。 (10) 介词（语言） in in French表示“用法语”。 (11) 介词（直到） until not...until...为固定结构，意为“直到……才……”。 (12) 动词时态（一般过去时） visited 与spent并列，叙述过去动作。 (13) 代词（反身代词） it owe it to oneself to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“认为自己有必要做某事”。 (14) 连词（并列） both both...and...为固定搭配，表示“既……又……”。 (15) 介词（关于） of dream of为固定搭配，意为“梦想”。 (16) 连词（并列） and 连接streets, buildings, leaves三个并列名词。 选择性必修二 Unit 5 Unit 5 First Aid for Burns (Reading and Thinking) The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts (1) ______ a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body (2) ______ losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, (3) ______ gives you your sense of touch. (4) ______ you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the (5) ______ (treat) of burns is giving first aid. CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a (6) ______ (vary) of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other (7) ______ (chemical). TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, (8) ______ (depend) on the depth of skin damage. ● First-degree burns: These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns (9) ______ (cause) by other minor household incidents. ● Second-degree burns: These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks (10) ______ (get) better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. ● Third-degree burns: These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, (11) ______ (burn) clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns • dry, red, and mildly swollen • mildly painful • turn white when pressed Second-degree burns • red and swollen; blisters; watery surface • extremely painful Third-degree burns • black and white • swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen • little or no pain if nerves are damaged; maybe painful around the edges of the burn FIRST-AID TREATMENT 1 Place burns under cool (12) ______ (run) water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2 Dry the burnt area (13) ______ (gentle) with a clean cloth. 3 Remove any clothes (14) ______ (use) scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric (15) ______ (stick) to the burnt skin. 4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. (16) ______ (apply) oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 5 If burns are on the face, (17) ______ (make) sure the victim can still breathe. 6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need (18) ______ (take) him/her to the hospital at once. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 介词（固定搭配） as act as为固定搭配，意为“充当/起……作用”。 (2) 介词（固定搭配） from prevent...from...为固定搭配，意为“防止……做……”。 (3) 连词（并列） and 连接controls, prevents, warns, gives四个并列谓语动词。 (4) 连词（正如） As as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，首字母大写。 (5) 词性转换（动→名词） treatment the treatment of burns表示“烧伤的治疗”。 (6) 词性转换（动→名词） variety a variety of为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。 (7) 名词复数 chemicals other chemicals表示“其他化学品”。 (8) 非谓语动词（现在分词） depending depending on...为现在分词短语作状语。 (9) 非谓语动词（过去分词） caused burns caused by...为过去分词短语作定语。 (10) 非谓语动词（不定式） to get take time to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。 (11) 非谓语动词（现在分词） burning burning clothes表示“燃烧的衣服”，现在分词作定语。 (12) 非谓语动词（现在分词） running running water表示“流动的水”。 (13) 词性转换（形→副词） gently 修饰Dry，表示“轻轻地”。 (14) 非谓语动词（现在分词） using using scissors为现在分词作方式状语。 (15) 非谓语动词（现在分词） sticking see the fabric sticking to...，现在分词作宾补。 (16) 非谓语动词（动名词） Applying 动名词短语作主语，表示“涂油”，首字母大写。 (17) 动词原形（祈使句） make make sure为固定搭配，祈使句用动词原形。 (18) 非谓语动词（不定式） to take a need to do sth.为固定搭配，不定式作定语。 Unit 5 First Aid: The Heimlich Manoeuvre (Using Language) Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner (1) ______ (interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from (2) ______ table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking (3) ______ some steak. He was now holding his throat (4) ______ his face turning red, while his desperate friends (5) ______ (slap) him on the back. Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once. (6) ______ the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang (7) ______ his feet. Then, (8) ______ (stand) behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he (9) ______ (eat) more slowly and take smaller bites before they left. Choking victims usually have only about four minutes (10) ______ they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. (11) ______ (solve) this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, (12) ______ (save) thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, (13) ______ (practice), and easy. It is (14) ______ easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how. If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure that the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. (15) ______ (slap) the victim's back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him (16) ______ wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. (17) ______ (grab) your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, (18) ______ you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head (19) ______ (low) than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps (20) ______ his upper back until he can breathe again. With choking victims, every minute (21) ______ (count). You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, "How could I justify (22) ______ (sit) there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a (23) ______ (responsible) to look after one another's welfare." 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 非谓语动词（过去分词） interrupted had his dinner interrupted表示“晚餐被打断”，have sth. done结构。 (2) 代词（不定代词） another another table表示“另一桌”。 (3) 介词（固定搭配） on choke on为固定搭配，意为“被……噎住/呛到”。 (4) 介词（伴随） with with his face turning red为with复合结构，表示伴随状态。 (5) 动词时态（过去进行时） were slapping 表示过去正在进行的动作，与turning并列。 (6) 介词（固定搭配） With with the help of为固定搭配，意为“在……的帮助下”，首字母大写。 (7) 介词（固定搭配） to help sb. to one's feet为固定搭配，意为“扶某人站起来”。 (8) 非谓语动词（现在分词） standing 现在分词作状语，表示“站在张身后”。 (9) 动词虚拟语气 eat suggest后接that从句，用虚拟语气(should) do。 (10) 连词（时间） before about four minutes before they collapse表示“在他们倒下前大约四分钟”。 (11) 非谓语动词（不定式） To solve 不定式作目的状语，首字母大写。 (12) 非谓语动词（现在分词） saving 现在分词作结果状语。 (13) 词性转换（形→形容词） practical 与quick, easy并列，表示“实用的”。 (14) 副词（固定搭配） so so...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 (15) 非谓语动词（动名词） Slapping 动名词短语作主语，表示“拍打背部”，首字母大写。 (16) 连词（并列） and 连接standing和wrapping两个并列动作。 (17) 非谓语动词（现在分词） Grabbing 现在分词作方式状语，表示“用另一只手紧紧抓住拳头”，首字母大写。 (18) 连词（原因） as/because 引导原因状语从句，表示“因为可能会伤害他”。 (19) 形容词比较级 lower 与than连用，表示“比……更低”。 (20) 介词（位置） to give slaps to...表示“拍打……”。 (21) 动词时态（主谓一致） counts every minute为单数主语，count表示“重要”。 (22) 非谓语动词（动名词） sitting justify doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“为做某事辩护”。 (23) 词性转换（形→名词） responsibility have a responsibility to do sth.表示“有责任做某事”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $