选择性必修三课文语法填空及解析-2025-2026学年下学期英语期末复习（人教版）

**基本信息** 高中英语选择性必修三期末专项训练，通过单元主题语境整合语法填空题型，聚焦语言能力与思维品质培养，构建"考点解析-语境应用"双向训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |Unit1-5|每单元2篇完形（共30空/篇）|按"考点类别"系统归类（如非谓语动词、词性转换等），解析结合固定搭配与语境逻辑|以语法知识为纲，从基础词法（如介词搭配）到复杂句法（如从句连接词），形成"概念-规则-应用"递进链条|

选择性必修三 Unit 1 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting (Reading and Thinking) What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise (1) ______ (define). As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is (2) ______ (possible) to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way (3) ______ (understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was (4) ______ (teach) people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much (5) ______ (large) than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). (6) ______ his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart (7) ______ other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old (8) ______ from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less (9) ______ religious themes. They began to adopt a (10) ______ (much) humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). (11) ______ (influence) painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations (12) ______ (produce) some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. (13) ______ innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its (14) ______ (high) with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation (15) ______ a master of shadow and light. In subject matter, the (16) ______ (emphasize) increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people (17) ______ high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings (18) ______ (show) important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look (19) ______. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve (20) ______ people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) (21) ______ (call) Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was (22) ______ (convey) the light and movement in the scene — the subjective impression the scene gave him — but not a (23) ______ (detail) record of the scene itself. (24) ______ many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. (25) ______ (like) the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He (26) ______ (seek) to show not just the outer image of his subjects, (27) ______ their inner warmth and humanity as well. Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next?" Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes (28) ______ existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned (29) ______ abstract art. (30) ______ they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "What is art?" 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 词性转换（动→名词） definition 形容词precise后接名词，表示“精确的定义”。 (2) 词性转换（加否定前缀） impossible it is impossible to do sth.表示“不可能做某事”。 (3) 非谓语动词（不定式） to understand the best way to do sth.为固定搭配，不定式作定语。 (4) 非谓语动词（不定式） to teach 不定式作表语，表示目的“是为了教人们”。 (5) 形容词比较级 larger 与than连用，表示“更大”。 (6) 连词（让步） While/Though 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。 (7) 介词（固定搭配） from be set apart from为固定搭配，意为“与……区分开来”。 (8) 代词（指代） ones ones指代前面的ideas and values。 (9) 介词（固定搭配） on concentrate on为固定搭配，意为“专注于”。 (10) 形容词比较级 more more humanistic表示“更加人性化的”。 (11) 词性转换（动→形容词） Influential 修饰painters，表示“有影响力的”，首字母大写。 (12) 非谓语动词（不定式） to produce 不定式作目的状语。 (13) 代词（另一个） Another another innovation表示“另一项创新”。 (14) 词性转换（形→名词） height reached its height表示“达到顶峰”。 (15) 介词（作为） as gain a reputation as为固定搭配，意为“获得……的名声”。 (16) 词性转换（动→名词） emphasis 定冠词the后接名词，the emphasis表示“重点”。 (17) 介词（具有） of people of high rank表示“地位高的人”。 (18) 非谓语动词（不定式） showing paintings showing...，现在分词作定语。 (19) 介词（固定搭配） at look at为固定搭配，意为“看”。 (20) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what 作preserve的宾语，what在从句中作like的宾语。 (21) 非谓语动词（过去分词） called the painting called...表示“被称为……的画”。 (22) 非谓语动词（不定式） to convey 不定式作表语，表示目的。 (23) 词性转换（名→形容词） detailed a detailed record表示“详细的记录”。 (24) 连词（让步） While/Though 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。 (25) 介词（不像） Unlike unlike表示“不像”，首字母大写。 (26) 动词时态（一般过去时） sought seek的过去式，叙述过去事实。 (27) 连词（固定搭配） but not just...but...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。 (28) 定语从句（关系代词） that/which 引导定语从句修饰shapes，在从句中作主语。 (29) 介词（转向） to turn to为固定搭配，意为“转向”。 (30) 从句连接词（主语从句） What what引导主语从句，在从句中作attempted的宾语，首字母大写。 Unit 1 Ancient Chinese Art on Show (Using Language) The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud (1) ______ (present) our new exhibition, "From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages." Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures (2) ______ ink wash paintings, our goal is (3) ______ (display) the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times. The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin (1470-1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry (4) ______ the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained (5) ______ (recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses (6) ______ (cover) in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it (7) ______ (create). Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE-1046 BCE). (8) ______ the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items (9) ______ display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze. Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618-907) sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much (10) ______ (early), it did not really begin to show expansion (11) ______ the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found (12) ______ (it) highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of (13) ______ (exception) beauty and quality. (14) ______ (look) at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought (15) ______ life. This is just a small taste of (16) ______ is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that "From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages" will transport you (17) ______ another time with its amazing collection of works. "From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages" (18) ______ (run) until November 25. Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted (19) ______ the exhibition after 4:30 p.m. Admission: $10 for adults; $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5. No photos or food and drink (20) ______ (allow) in the museum. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 非谓语动词（不定式） to present be proud to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“骄傲地做某事”。 (2) 介词（并列连接） to from...to...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。 (3) 非谓语动词（不定式） to display 不定式作表语，表示目的。 (4) 介词（固定搭配） into gain entry into为固定搭配，意为“进入”。 (5) 词性转换（动→名词） recognition gained recognition表示“获得认可”。 (6) 非谓语动词（过去分词） covered houses covered in snow，过去分词作定语。 (7) 动词时态语态（一般过去时被动） was created it指代painting，与create为被动关系。 (8) 连词（让步） While/Though 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。 (9) 介词（固定搭配） on on display为固定搭配，意为“在展出”。 (10) 副词比较级 earlier much earlier表示“早得多”。 (11) 介词（时间） until not...until...表示“直到……才……”。 (12) 代词（反身代词） itself found itself influenced...表示“发现自己受到影响”。 (13) 词性转换（名→形容词） exceptional exceptional beauty表示“非凡的美”。 (14) 非谓语动词（现在分词） Looking 现在分词作时间状语，首字母大写。 (15) 介词（固定搭配） to bring...to life为固定搭配，意为“使……生动起来”。 (16) 从句连接词（宾语从句） what 作of的宾语，what在从句中作主语。 (17) 介词（到） to transport you to another time表示“将你带到另一个时代”。 (18) 动词时态（一般将来时） will run 表示将来持续的状态。 (19) 介词（进入） into be admitted into表示“被允许进入”。 (20) 动词时态语态（一般现在时被动） are allowed photos and food与allow为被动关系。 选择性必修三 Unit 2 Unit 2 Habits for a Healthy Lifestyle (Reading and Thinking) As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them (1) ______ (form) bad habits. These bad habits, if (2) ______ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved (3) ______ tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from (4) ______ (dominate) a teenager's life is essential. They must learn (5) ______ (recognize) bad habits early and make appropriate changes. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many (6) ______ (attempt). There is a famous saying (7) ______ (base) on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are (8) ______ we repeatedly do." In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat (9) ______ over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder (10) ______ (change). The good news is that we can change, if we understand (11) ______ habits work. According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle", which works like this: Firstly, there is a "cue", an action, event, or situation that acts (12) ______ a signal to do something. Secondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take (13)______ response to the cue. Thirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely (14) ______ (continue) the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks (15) ______ (form). (16) ______ (facilitate) a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the (17) ______ (inform) from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine (18) ______ something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel (19) ______ (relax) (reward). (20)______ aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into (21)______ more positive by taking the stairs instead. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become (22) ______ (pessimist) and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. (23) ______ the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, "A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and (24) ______ (repeated) take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no "magic pill" (25) ______ delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide (26)______ some changes. You have the power (27) ______ (build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits! 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 非谓语动词（不定式） to form it can be easy for sb. to do sth.为固定句型。 (2) 非谓语动词（过去分词） left if left unchecked为状语从句省略，leave与habits为被动关系。 (3) 介词（固定搭配） in become involved in为固定搭配，意为“卷入/参与”。 (4) 非谓语动词（动名词） dominating prevent...from doing为固定搭配，from为介词。 (5) 非谓语动词（不定式） to recognize learn to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“学会做某事”。 (6) 名词复数 attempts many attempts表示“多次尝试”。 (7) 非谓语动词（过去分词） based a saying based on...，过去分词作定语。 (8) 从句连接词（表语从句） what 引导表语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。 (9) 代词（指代） it repeat it中的it指代前面的a choice。 (10) 非谓语动词（不定式） to change much harder to change，不定式作方面状语。 (11) 从句连接词（宾语从句） how understand how habits work表示“理解习惯如何运作”。 (12) 介词（作为） as act as为固定搭配，意为“充当”。 (13) 介词（固定搭配） in in response to为固定搭配，意为“作为对……的回应”。 (14) 非谓语动词（不定式） to continue be likely to do sth.为固定搭配。 (15) 动词时态语态（一般现在时被动） is formed the habit与form为被动关系，表示客观事实。 (16) 非谓语动词（不定式） To facilitate 不定式作目的状语，首字母大写。 (17) 词性转换（动→名词） information 定冠词the后接名词，表示“信息”。 (18) 介词（用） with replace A with B为固定搭配，意为“用B替换A”。 (19) 词性转换（动→形容词） relaxed feel relaxed表示“感到放松的”，修饰人。 (20) 介词（固定搭配） Aside aside from为固定搭配，意为“除……之外”，首字母大写。 (21) 代词（不定代词） something something more positive表示“更积极的事情”。 (22) 词性转换（名→形容词） pessimistic become pessimistic表示“变得悲观”。 (23) 连词（正如） As as引导方式状语从句，表示“正如”，首字母大写。 (24) 词性转换（形→副词） repeatedly 修饰take，表示“反复地”。 (25) 连词（选择） or no "magic pill" or delete button表示“没有魔法药丸或删除按钮”。 (26) 介词（关于） on/upon decide on/upon为固定搭配，意为“决定”。 (27) 非谓语动词（不定式） to build have the power to do sth.为固定搭配，不定式作定语。 Unit 2 Letters on Lifestyle Changes (Using Language) Dear Editor, After I attended your summer camp about health and lifestyle choices, I realised I hardly ever felt well, (1) ______ physically or mentally. I often felt (2) ______ (sleep) and dizzy, and lacked passion. Most (3) ______ (worry), though, I got the flu easily and experienced many toothaches, too. At the end of the camp I heard, "Change the world by changing yourself." This stimulated my (4) ______ (motivate). A dentist once examined me and told me that too much sugar in my meals (5) ______ (damage) my teeth and health. I made up my mind to change two things in my life: to eat nothing with sugar (6) ______ to exercise regularly. After that I stopped (7) ______ (buy) all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day. Whenever I went out with friends, I brought snacks from home, things that didn't have any (8) ______ (add) sugar: fruit, nuts, dried meat, etc. My exercise was very simple: I went outside every day for at least 30 minutes and did something active. Sometimes I played table tennis or badminton with my cousins. (9) ______ times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood, or just took a long walk. The results have been fantastic. I feel more dynamic and stronger than ever, in (10) ______ body and mind. I sleep soundly at night now. I no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches either. Best of all, in my opinion, is (11) ______ I feel about myself. I feel like I'm in control of my own life. To make choices about myself is (12) ______ my own power. I CAN change myself. I just need to try. Yours truly, Wang Lu Dear Editor, As I took part in the summer camp about personal life choices, I started to analyse my choices, especially what I did to relax and (13) ______ it was affecting my whole life. After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. I got (14) ______ absorbed that I played the games day and night. Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards! So after the camp, I realised that it was very, very important (15) ______ (adjust) my lifestyle. I decided to take control of my life and find other ways to relax. It was a big struggle not (16) ______ (join) my friends in playing online games (17) ______ I'm mad for them. However, I realised that to succeed in (18) ______ (quit), I had to replace it with something else. So I thought about what to try. Rock climbing, bowling, watching comedies, and playing basketball were the things I thought of doing instead. Now my dad and I go rock climbing together (19) ______ (month)! It has enhanced the quality of my life, improving my health and increasing my happiness. I get (20) ______ (refresh) through climbing, spend more time with my dad, (21) ______ get to meet new friends. After six months of trying out new ways of relaxing, I feel much more (22) ______ (energy). I feel that I can change myself for the (23) ______ (good). And if that's true for me, then it might (24) ______ (true) be possible to change the world for the better. As Gandhi said, "Be the change you want to see in the world." Sincerely, George Fielding 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 连词（选择） either either...or...为固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……”。 (2) 词性转换（动→形容词） sleepy felt sleepy表示“感到困倦的”。 (3) 词性转换（动→形容词） worrying most worrying表示“最令人担忧的是”，修饰整个句子。 (4) 词性转换（动→名词） motivation 形容词性物主代词my后接名词。 (5) 动词时态（过去完成时） had damaged “糖分损害牙齿”发生在医生告诉我之前，用过去完成时。 (6) 连词（并列） and 连接to eat和to exercise两个并列不定式短语。 (7) 非谓语动词（动名词） buying stop doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”。 (8) 词性转换（动→形容词） added added sugar表示“添加的糖”。 (9) 代词（不定代词） Other other times表示“其他时候”，首字母大写。 (10) 连词（并列） both both...and...为固定搭配，连接body and mind。 (11) 从句连接词（表语从句） how how I feel about myself表示“我对自己感觉如何”。 (12) 介词（在……之内） within within my own power表示“在我自己的能力范围内”。 (13) 从句连接词（宾语从句） how how it was affecting my whole life表示“它如何影响我的整个生活”。 (14) 副词（固定搭配） so so...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 (15) 非谓语动词（不定式） to adjust it is important to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 (16) 非谓语动词（不定式） to join It was a struggle not to do sth.表示“不做某事是一种挣扎”。 (17) 连词（原因） as as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。 (18) 非谓语动词（动名词） quitting succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。 (19) 副词 monthly go rock climbing monthly表示“每月去攀岩”。 (20) 词性转换（动→形容词） refreshed get refreshed表示“感到精力恢复”，修饰人。 (21) 连词（并列） and 连接spend, get三个并列谓语。 (22) 词性转换（名→形容词） energetic feel much more energetic表示“感到更有活力”。 (23) 词性转换（形→名词） better for the better为固定搭配，意为“向更好的方向”。 (24) 词性转换（形→副词） truly 修饰be possible，表示“真正地”。 选择性必修三 Unit 3 Unit 3 Climate Change Requires the World’s Attention (Reading and Thinking) We have known about climate change (1) ______ decades. There is little doubt (2) ______ Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and (3) ______ (rise) sea levels provide evidence of a (4) ______ (drama) change in the global climate. In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that (5) ______ (find) on Norway‘s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all (6) ______ remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said (7) ______ from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared (8) ______ (starve) and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels (9) ______ (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel (10) ______ (great) distances in order to find food. This (11) ______ (alarm) case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth‘s ecology. Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect” (12) ______ has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers (13) ______ the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth‘s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat (14) ______ (release) back into space at longer wavelengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth‘s climate warm and (15) ______ (habit). (16) ______ this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy (17) ______ (trap) in the atmosphere and causes Earth‘s surface temperature (18) ______ (rise) quickly. There is strong and comprehensive evidence (19) ______ the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also (20) ______ (cost) human lives. Climate scientists have warned that (21) ______ we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price (22) ______ (pay). In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and (23) ______ (economy) losses. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in (24) ______ (far) warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider (25) ______ (make) policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We (26) ______ individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our (27) ______ (responsible) to seize every opportunity (28) ______ (educate) everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue (29) ______ (affect) all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help? 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 介词（时间） for for decades与现在完成时连用，表示“几十年来”。 (2) 连词（同位语从句） that 引导同位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。 (3) 词性转换（动→形容词） rising rising sea levels表示“不断上升的海平面”。 (4) 词性转换（名→形容词） dramatic 修饰change，表示“剧烈的”。 (5) 动词时态语态（一般过去时被动） was found polar bear与find为被动关系，叙述过去事实。 (6) 从句连接词（主语从句） that all that remained...，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。 (7) 从句连接词（宾语从句） that said后接宾语从句，that引导。 (8) 非谓语动词（不定式完成式） to have starved appeared to have starved表示“似乎已经饿死了”，不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语之前。 (9) 非谓语动词（过去分词） caused levels caused by climate change，过去分词作定语。 (10) 副词比较级 greater greater distances表示“更远的距离”。 (11) 词性转换（动→形容词） alarming alarming case表示“令人震惊的案例”。 (12) 定语从句（关系代词） that/which 引导定语从句修饰process，在从句中作主语。 (13) 介词（固定搭配） to refer to为固定搭配，意为“指的是”。 (14) 动词时态语态（一般现在时被动） is released heat与release为被动关系，描述客观科学事实。 (15) 词性转换（名→形容词） habitable keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable，表示“适宜居住的”。 (16) 介词（没有） Without without this process表示“没有这个过程”，首字母大写。 (17) 动词时态语态（一般现在时被动） is trapped heat energy与trap为被动关系，表示“被捕获”。 (18) 非谓语动词（不定式） to rise causes...temperature to rise，不定式作宾补。 (19) 连词（同位语从句） that 引导同位语从句，说明evidence的具体内容。 (20) 非谓语动词（动名词） costing 与causing并列，作not only的宾语。 (21) 连词（条件） if 引导条件状语从句，表示“如果我们不采取行动”。 (22) 非谓语动词（不定式） to pay a price to pay表示“要付出的代价”。 (23) 词性转换（名→形容词） economic economic losses表示“经济损失”。 (24) 形容词比较级 further further warming表示“进一步变暖”。 (25) 非谓语动词（动名词） making consider doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”。 (26) 介词（作为） as we as individuals表示“我们作为个人”。 (27) 词性转换（形→名词） responsibility 形容词性物主代词our后接名词。 (28) 非谓语动词（不定式） to educate seize every opportunity to do sth.，不定式作定语。 (29) 非谓语动词（现在分词） affecting the issue affecting all of us，现在分词作定语。 Unit 3 Reducing Water Pollution in the Li River (Using Language) The beautiful Li River and its amazing (1) ______ (surround) scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China‘s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. (2) ______ attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects (3) ______ the river’s water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken (4) ______ (deal) with it. Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an (5) ______ (increase) volume of tourists, many of (6) ______ frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed to the problem too. Kitchens (7) ______ board were using lots of oil, which was often thrown into the water. The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly, as well as (8) ______ number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, (9) ______ more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. In order to feed more people, more chemicals were used (10) ______ (increase) crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local (11) ______ (official) were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment (12) ______ felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty. A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures (13) ______ addressed the issues. The construction of waste water treatment (14) ______ (facility) improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of household waste was also improved. Dozens of (15) ______ (pollute) enterprises were closed or moved. The local government set up strict regulations (16) ______ (regard) further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. Furthermore, the local authorities began to use the media to spread (17) ______ (environment) awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy. At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly (18) ______ fine tourist organizations for abuses. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River (19) ______ (preserve) for generations to come. In addition, the (20) ______ (ambition) “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. Other initiatives, such as the “River Chief System”, hold senior officials (21) ______ (responsibility) for reducing water pollution. With such campaigns (22) ______ effect, China's waterways are heading towards a clean and (23) ______ (sustain) future. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 词性转换（动→形容词） surrounding surrounding scenery表示“周围的景色”。 (2) 代词（指代） It It指代前文的the Li River，首字母大写。 (3) 介词（固定搭配） on have effects on为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。 (4) 非谓语动词（不定式） to deal actions taken to deal with it，不定式作目的状语。 (5) 词性转换（动→形容词） increasing an increasing volume表示“不断增长的流量”。 (6) 定语从句（介词+关系代词） whom many of whom引导定语从句，指代tourists。 (7) 介词（固定搭配） on on board为固定搭配，意为“在船上”。 (8) 冠词（固定搭配） the the number of为固定搭配，意为“……的数量”。 (9) 介词（伴随） with with more...ending up...为with复合结构。 (10) 非谓语动词（不定式） to increase were used to increase...，不定式作目的状语。 (11) 名词复数 officials local officials表示“地方官员”。 (12) 连词（并列） and 连接were concerned和felt两个并列谓语。 (13) 定语从句（关系代词） that 引导定语从句修饰measures，在从句中作主语。 (14) 名词复数 facilities treatment facilities表示“处理设施”。 (15) 词性转换（动→形容词） polluting polluting enterprises表示“污染企业”。 (16) 介词（关于） regarding regulations regarding...表示“关于……的规定”。 (17) 词性转换（名→形容词） environmental environmental awareness表示“环保意识”。 (18) 连词（并列） and 连接to spread和to carry out两个并列不定式目的状语。 (19) 动词时态语态（一般将来时被动） will be preserved the beauty与preserve为被动关系，表示将来。 (20) 词性转换（名→形容词） ambitious ambitious plan表示“雄心勃勃的计划”。 (21) 词性转换（形→名词） responsible hold sb. responsible for为固定搭配，意为“让某人对……负责”。 (22) 介词（固定搭配） in in effect为固定搭配，意为“生效中”。 (23) 词性转换（动→形容词） sustainable sustainable future表示“可持续的未来”。 选择性必修三 Unit 4 Unit 4 A Successful Failure (Reading and Thinking) Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous (1) ______ (explore) of his day and it was considered (2) ______ great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below (3) ______ (be) some of Blackborow's diary entries. 31 Oct, 1914 ... Well, it so happened (4) ______ one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton --- this is the adventure that I have been dreaming (5) ______. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied (6) ______ (join) the expedition, Shackleton turned me (7) ______ because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. But I was (8) ______ enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and (9) ______ (hide) in a small cupboard. (10) ______ (fortunate), three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, (11) ______ only after he promised me, "If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!" He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the (12) ______ (amaze) places I have been to! 21 Nov, 1915 The journey has not been easy. Endurance became (13) ______ (stick) in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and (14) ______ (true) stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential (15) ______ (supply) --- the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time (16) ______ (panic). We were not allowed to take most of our personal (17) ______ (belong), and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our (18) ______ (spirit) up. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing (19) ______ (survive), but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 20 May, 1916 We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going (20) ______ bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us (21) ______ (find) help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away --- the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us (22) ______ (make) it in our small boats. If Shackleton (23) ______ (fail), will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, (24) ______ my mother's face ... However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. I shouted. "Shut the door!" "Hold on now, Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom," came the reply. "We've caught another penguin, so it's penguin soup tonight!" Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as (25) ______ (self) and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! (26) ______ Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their (27) ______ (persevere), and their resolve fill me with hope. Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 名词复数 explorers one of the most famous explorers，one of后接可数名词复数。 (2) 冠词（泛指） a a great honour表示“一种巨大的荣誉”。 (3) 主谓一致（倒装） are 倒装句，主语为some of Blackborow's diary entries，谓语用复数。 (4) 连词（同位语从句） that it so happened that...为固定句型，意为“碰巧……”。 (5) 介词（固定搭配） of/about dream of/about为固定搭配，意为“梦想”。 (6) 非谓语动词（不定式） to join apply to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“申请做某事”。 (7) 副词（固定搭配） down turn down为固定搭配，意为“拒绝”。 (8) 副词（固定搭配） so so...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 (9) 动词时态（一般过去时） hid hide的过去式，叙述过去动作。 (10) 词性转换（形→副词） Unfortunately 副词修饰整个句子，表示“不幸的是”，首字母大写。 (11) 连词（转折） but “提供工作”与“前提条件”为转折关系。 (12) 词性转换（动→形容词） amazing 修饰places，表示“令人惊叹的”。 (13) 非谓语动词（过去分词） stuck became stuck表示“被卡住了”。 (14) 词性转换（形→副词） truly 修饰stuck，表示“真正地”。 (15) 名词复数 supplies supplies表示“补给品”，常用复数。 (16) 非谓语动词（不定式） to panic no time to do sth.，不定式作定语。 (17) 名词复数 belongings belongings表示“财物”，常用复数。 (18) 名词复数 spirits keep our spirits up表示“保持士气高昂”。 (19) 非谓语动词（不定式） to survive manage to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“设法做某事”。 (20) 介词（固定搭配） from from bad to worse为固定搭配，意为“越来越糟”。 (21) 非谓语动词（不定式） to find left us to find help，不定式作目的状语。 (22) 非谓语动词（不定式） to make too...for us to make it，不定式作结果状语。 (23) 动词时态（一般现在时） fails 条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。 (24) 连词（并列） and 连接列举的多个名词。 (25) 词性转换（加否定前缀） selfish 加-ish后缀，表示“自私的”。 (26) 介词（没有） Without without Frank and Ernest表示“没有弗兰克和欧内斯特”，首字母大写。 (27) 词性转换（动→名词） perseverance 形容词性物主代词their后接名词。 Unit 4 The Reward for Perseverance (Using Language) We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. (1) ______ was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them? What if they were delayed? We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. Life fell into a regular pattern. (2) ______ (stay) alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees (3) ______ (grow) on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed (4) ______ (burn) even in strong winds. Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables (5) ______ fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: "The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures." If it (6) ______ (be) not for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals (7) ______ whatever way I could. But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the (8) ______ (change) temperatures could make us ill. It was almost (9) ______ dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. (10) ______ damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us (11) ______ (optimist) and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times (12) ______ we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. When we were finally rescued, we felt (13) ______ relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, (14) ______ the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith (15) ______ Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his (16) ______ (commit) to save us from a slow but painful death. 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 形式主语（it） It It was easy to imagine...，it作形式主语，首字母大写。 (2) 非谓语动词（动名词） Staying 动名词短语作主语，表示“活下去”这件事，首字母大写。 (3) 非谓语动词（现在分词） growing trees growing on Antarctica，现在分词作定语。 (4) 非谓语动词（现在分词） burning stayed burning表示“保持燃烧状态”。 (5) 连词（选择） or any vegetables or fruit表示“任何蔬菜或水果”。 (6) 动词时态（虚拟语气） were if it were not for...为虚拟语气，表示“要不是……”。 (7) 介词（以） in in whatever way I could表示“以我所能的任何方式”。 (8) 词性转换（动→形容词） changing changing temperatures表示“变化的气温”。 (9) 副词（固定搭配） as as...as...结构，表示“和……一样”。 (10) 代词（指代） It It指代the black smoke，首字母大写。 (11) 词性转换（名→形容词） optimistic kept us optimistic表示“让我们保持乐观”。 (12) 定语从句（关系副词） when 引导定语从句修饰times，在从句中作时间状语。 (13) 副词（固定搭配） such such...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。 (14) 连词（并列） and 连接beds, food, care三个并列名词。 (15) 介词（对） in faith in为固定搭配，意为“对……的信念”。 (16) 词性转换（动→名词） commitment 形容词性物主代词his后接名词。 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Unit 5 A Few Simple Forms of English Poems (Reading and Thinking) There are (1) ______ (vary) reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader's mind. (2) ______ try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include (3) ______ (economy) use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, (4) ______ arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express (5) ______ (they). Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms. Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is (6) ______ the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, (7) ______ often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem (8) ______ (contradict), but they are easy (9) ______ (learn) and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. A Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird. If that mockingbird won't sing, Papa's gonna buy you a diamond ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat. If that billy goat won't pull, Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull. One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or (10) ______ (describe) that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and (11) ______ (repeat) phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm (12) ______ the poem. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not. B Mother Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky, Hundreds of shells on the shore together, Hundreds of birds that go singing by, Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather, Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn, Hundreds of bees in the purple clover, Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn, But only one mother the world over — George Cooper C LIFE Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful but sometimes sad, Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts Life can mean a person, Sitting in court. (13) ______ simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, (14) ______ is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D). D Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that (15) ______ (consist) of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables (16) ______ (respective). It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling (17) ______ (use) very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a (18) ______ (translate) from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly! English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty (19) ______ particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F). F Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back, Transformed into stone. Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and rain revolve. Should the traveller return, this stone would utter speech. — Wang Jian With so many different forms of poetry to choose (20) ______, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try! 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 词性转换（名→形容词） various various reasons表示“各种各样的原因”。 (2) 代词（不定代词） Others some...others...为固定结构，意为“一些……另一些……”。 (3) 词性转换（名→形容词） economical economical use表示“节俭的使用/精炼的运用”。 (4) 连词（并列） and 连接use, language, imagery, devices, arrangement等多个并列名词。 (5) 代词（反身代词） themselves express themselves表示“表达自己”。 (6) 介词（固定搭配） to to the point为固定搭配，意为“切题/中肯”。 (7) 连词（并列） and 连接rhyme, have, repeat三个并列谓语。 (8) 词性转换（动→形容词） contradictory seem contradictory表示“看起来矛盾的”。 (9) 非谓语动词（不定式） to learn easy to learn and recite，不定式作方面状语。 (10) 名词复数 descriptions descriptions表示“描述”，与things, people, ideas并列。 (11) 词性转换（动→形容词） repeated repeated phrases表示“重复的短语”。 (12) 介词（给） to give a pattern and a rhythm to the poem，表示“给诗提供模式和节奏”。 (13) 代词（另一个） Another another simple form表示“另一种简单的形式”。 (14) 定语从句（关系代词） which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰cinquain。 (15) 动词时态（主谓一致） consists consist of为固定搭配，that指代poetry，谓语用三单。 (16) 词性转换（形→副词） respectively respectively表示“分别地”，修饰containing。 (17) 非谓语动词（现在分词） using using very few words为现在分词作方式状语。 (18) 词性转换（动→名词） translation a translation from Japanese表示“从日语翻译过来的作品”。 (19) 介词（固定搭配） in in particular为固定搭配，意为“尤其”。 (20) 介词（选择） from choose from为固定搭配，意为“从……中选择”。 Unit 5 Writing a Poem (Using Language) Writing a Poem There are many reasons (1) ______ people write poetry. Some poems express emotions, (2) ______ tell stories, and still others capture moments in time. (3) ______ you are new to writing poetry, do not worry. There are many simple forms that are easy (4) ______ (try). The important thing is to have fun and experiment with language. One simple form is the "I Am" poem. This type of poem is a great way (5) ______ (explore) your identity and share something about yourself. Here is an example: I Am I am a dreamer and a doer I wonder about the future I hear the sound of laughter I see the beauty in nature I want to make a difference I am a dreamer and a doer Another simple form is the "If I Were" poem. This poem allows you to imagine (6) ______ (be) someone or something else. It encourages creative thinking and empathy. For example: If I Were If I were a bird, I would fly high If I were a cloud, I would float in the sky If I were the wind, I would whisper your name If I were the sun, I would warm you the same But I am just me, and that's quite all right Because I can dream and imagine all night You can also try writing a "Five Senses" poem. This type of poem describes something (7) ______ using all five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. It helps you pay attention (8) ______ the details of your surroundings. Here is an example: A Winter Morning I see the frost on the window pane I hear the crunch of snow under my feet I feel the cold wind on my face I smell the wood smoke from the chimney I taste the hot chocolate warming my hands (9) ______ (write) a poem does not require special talent. It just requires a willingness to play with words and express your thoughts and feelings. Start with a simple form, like one of those (10) ______ (mention) above. Then, let your imagination run free. You may be surprised by what you create. Tips for Writing Poems Here are some tips to help you get started: Choose a topic that interests you. Brainstorm words and phrases (11) ______ (associate) with your topic. Experiment with different forms and structures. Read your poem aloud to hear its rhythm and sound. Revise and edit your poem until you are satisfied. (12) ______ (remember), the goal is not to write a perfect poem, but to enjoy the process of creating. As the poet William Wordsworth said, "Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings." So go ahead — give it a try, and see where your words take you! 课文解析 题号 考点类别 答案 详细解析 (1) 定语从句（关系副词） why 引导定语从句修饰reasons，在从句中作原因状语。 (2) 代词（不定代词） some some...others...still others为固定结构，表示“一些……另一些……还有一些……”。 (3) 连词（条件） If 引导条件状语从句，表示“如果你是写诗新手”。 (4) 非谓语动词（不定式） to try easy to try，不定式作方面状语。 (5) 非谓语动词（不定式） to explore a great way to do sth.，不定式作定语。 (6) 非谓语动词（动名词） being imagine doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“想象做某事”。 (7) 介词（通过） by by using all five senses表示“通过使用所有五种感官”。 (8) 介词（固定搭配） to pay attention to为固定搭配，意为“注意”。 (9) 非谓语动词（动名词） Writing 动名词短语作主语，表示“写诗”这件事。 (10) 非谓语动词（过去分词） mentioned those mentioned above表示“上述提到的那些”。 (11) 非谓语动词（过去分词） associated words and phrases associated with...，过去分词作定语。 (12) 动词原形（祈使句） Remember 祈使句用动词原形，表示“记住”，首字母大写。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $