Unit 6 Sunshine for all-【专项训练】初中英语词汇必备手册（译林版·新教材）

八年级下册·Unit6 Unit 6 Sunshine for all ★blind/blaind/,adj.瞎的，失明的： 的老人，语气尊重，没有比较级或最高级， Next,we followed the blind waiter, 作名词时用the elderly表一类人。如： Serge,down a long and fairly dark The elderly man is my teacher..这位老人 hallway.He took us to another room. 是我的老师。 (成都中考)接下来，我们跟着盲人服务 ￥disability/ds3'brlati/n.(某种)缺 员瑟奇，穿过一条又长又暗的走廊。他带 陷，障碍：He was born with a physical 我们去了另一个房间。 disability,but he never gives up.他生来 助拓展 就有身体残疾，但从未放弃过。 联blindness n.失明 顿拓展 deaf/def/adi.的：A new and 反ability n.能力 exciting invention now allows deaf people service/'s3vs/n.①服务：It is best to see conversations in real time.(德阳中 known as a centre for software research, 考)一项令人兴奋的新发明现在允许聋人 实时看到对话。 development and services.它以软件研 搭配 究、开发和服务中心而闻名。②公共服务 turn a deaf ear(tosb./sth.)对（某 系统；公共事业：Bike sharing service is 人/物)置之不理，充耳不闻：He turns a available in some big cities.一些大城市 年级 deaf ear to these words..他对这些话置之 有共享单车服务。 册 不理。 拓展 *disabled/ds'erbld/adj.有残疾的： 联serve v.服务；为…效力 My uncle was disabled in a car accident ★donate/dau'nert/t.&vi.①捐赠： last year..我叔叔去年在一场车祸中 Tech-Help donates smart TV sets to 致残。 people who need them.(衡阳中考)Tech 围拓展 Help向有需要的人捐赠智能电视机。 联disable.使伤残；使丧失能力‖ g捐献：He donated his blood to the disability n.缺陷，障碍 hospital yesterday.他昨天去医院献 *elderly/'eldali/adj.年纪较大的， 了血。 上了年纪的：The Double Ninth Festival 搭配 is a special day for elderly people in China. donate sth.tosb.把某物捐赠给某 重阳节是中国老年人的特殊节日。 人：Our class donated some books to the 审拓展 village school..我们班给乡村学校捐赠了 注elderly作形容词表示60岁以上 一些书。 209 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 团拓展 意识到，只要他拾起头，他就会更有信心。 联donationn.捐赠；捐赠物 搭配 have confidence in sb./sth.对某人/ ★expect/k'spekt/t.①预料，预期： 某事有信心：I have confidence in myself.. Costa says he expects people to feel I can pass the exam.我对自己有信心。 “really sad”after listening to the new 我能通过这次考试。 Four Seasons..科斯塔说，他预计人们在 斑拓展 听了新的《四季》之后会感到“由衷的难 过”。g期待：I expect a nice gift on my 联confident adj.自信的 birthday..我期待在生日那天收到一份精 confidently adv.自信地 美的礼物。 ★require/r'kwaa(r)/t.需要，依 事搭配 靠：PBL requires students to use skills ①expect sth..期待…：I'm expecting such as critical thinking,problem a telephone call from Kate.我正在期待凯 solving,creativity,and collaboration. 特的来电。 目式学习要求学生运用一些技能，比如批 ②expect(sb.)to do sth.期待（某人） 判性思维、解决问题、创造力和协作等。 做某事：She expects to pass the English 搭配 exam this time.她期待这次能通过英语 ①require sth.需要…：Good 考试。 handwriting requires a lot of practice. ③expect+that从句期待；预计： 的书法需要大量的练习。 八 There's the doorbell.I expect it'll be my ②require sb.to do sth.要求某人做 某事：The school requires students to 级 mother.有人按门铃。我估计是我母亲。 壩拓展 wear school uniforms every day.学校要 册 求学生每天穿校服。 联expectant adj..期待的；期望的∥ require doing=require to be done expectation n.预料；期待‖unexpected 需要被做（主动表被动）：The classroom adi.出乎意料的 requires cleaning every day.=The athlete/'elit/n.运动员：The sports classroom requires to be cleaned every meeting is a good chance for young day.教室每天都需要打扫。 athletes to show themselves..这场运动会 ④It is required+that从句据要 是年轻运动员展示自己的好机会。 求…（从句用“should十动词原形”， 场拓展 should可省略)：It is required that all 联athletic adj.运动的；体格健 students (should)arrive at school on 壮的 time.要求所有学生按时到校。 ★confidence/'kpnfidons/n.自信心； 切拓展 信心：At that time,Bob realized as long 联requirement n.所需的东西；必 as he raised his head,he would have 要条件 more confidence.(兰州中考)那时，鲍勃 spare/spea(r)/adj.空闲的，空余的：I 210 八年级下册·Unit6 often go hiking in my spare time.我经常 某人/某事：This old photo reminds me of 在业余时间去徒步旅行。 my childhood.这张旧照片让我想起了我 receive/rr'siv/vt,①受到：The 的童年。 careless boy received a lot of criticism ②remind sb.十that从句提醒某 from his teacher.这个粗心的男孩受到了 人…：I want to remind you that the 老师的严厉批评。②接到：I received a train leaves at ten o'clock.我想要提醒 birthday gift from my pen pal yesterday. 你，火车10点开。 我昨天收到了笔友寄来的生日礼物。 审拓展 拓展 联reminder n.提示物，提示 联received adj.被承认的；被一致 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某 认可的‖receiver n.听筒，受话器 事：My mother often reminds me to wash ★necessary/nesasari/adj.必需的， my hands before meals.妈妈经常提醒我 必要的：What's more,recognizing this 饭前洗手。 disagreement requires coming face to face seat belt/'si:t belt/n.(汽车或飞机上 with uncomfortable truths about 的)安全带：You must wear a seat belt ourselves-a process that is as discouraging when you are in a car.当你坐在车里时， as it is necessary for growth.(北京中考) 必须系好安全带。 此外，认识到这种分歧需要我们直面关于 自身的令人不安的真相—这一过程虽 medal/'medl/n.奖牌，勋章：No matter 然令人沮丧，但对成长而言必不可少。 who wins the medals,it is the pride of 壩搭配 our country.(泰州中考)无论谁赢得奖 if necessary如果有必要的话：You 牌，这都是我们国家的骄傲。 级 can ask for help if necessary..如果有必要 gold/gould/n.①金牌：She worked 册 的话，你可以寻求帮助。 hard and finally won gold in the Olympic 围拓展 Games.她努力训练，最终在奥运会上赢 反unnecessary adj.不必要的；不 得了金牌。g金：Many of Shakespeare's 需要的 expressions are still used,for example, wheelchair/wi:lt/e3(r)/n.轮椅： “All that glitters isn't gold.”(成都中考) 莎士比亚的许多表达仍然被使用，例如， Across the room there was an old lady in a wheelchair.(广州中考)房间对面有一 “发光的不一定都是金子。” 位坐在轮椅上的老太太。 拓展 ★remind/rr'maind/vt.提醒：Nature 联golden adj.金的；金色的Ⅱ can remind us of life beyond our worries. goldsmith n.金匠，金器商 (扬州中考)大自然可以提醒我们，生活不 silver/'slva(r)/■n.①银牌：He tried 止眼前的忧虑。 his best and won silver in the national 搭配 swimming competition.他拼尽全力，在 ①remind sb.ofsb./sth.使某人想起 全国游泳比赛中获得了银牌。②银： 211 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 Silver is softer than gold and is often ability/a'blti/n.才能，本领；能力： used to make jewelry.银比金更软，常被 Experts say that age reduces our ability 用来制作珠宝。■adj.银色的，银白色 to learn,but sleep can help..(江西中考) 的：The silver moon hung high in the 专家说，年龄会降低我们的学习能力，但 dark sky.银白色的月亮高挂在漆黑的夜 睡眠会有所帮助。 空中。 搭配 语拓展 ①develop one's ability培养能力： 联silversmith n.银匠；银器商 Taking part in after-school activities can competition/kompa'tjn/n.①比赛： develop your ability to communicate. Last year,she entered the school's dance 加课外活动可以培养你的沟通能力。 competition and won the first place,with ②show one's ability展现才能：She her whole class cheering her on,(日照中 showed her a ability in the speech 考)去年，她参加了学校的舞蹈比赛并获 competition and won the first prize.t她在 得了第一名，全班同学都为她加油。②竞 演讲比赛中展现了才能，获得了一等奖。 争：There is fierce competition between 镜拓展 the two smartphone companies.这两家 联able adj.能够的，有能力的 智能手机公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。 warm-hearted /wo:m 'ha:tid/adj. 球拓展 良诚，恳的：My mother is warm-hearted 辨competition&match and she often volunteers at the community. (1)competition泛指各类比赛，范围 我的妈妈很善良诚恳，她经常在社区做志 级 最广。如：She joined a singing 愿工作。 册 competition.她参加了一个歌唱比赛。 ★courage/'kArId:3/n.勇气：It takes (2)match多指球类、团队类的体育 lots of love and courage to risk their own 对抗赛。如：We had a basketball match lives to save someone else's.(长沙中考) with Class2.我们和二班进行了一场篮 冒着生命危险去救别人需要很多的爱和 球比赛。 勇气。 联competev.竞争，参赛 切拓展 注competition作“竞争”讲时为不 联encourage v.鼓励 可数名词，作“竞赛，比赛”讲时为可数 ★achieve'tjiv/vt.O达到（目标 名词。 等)：On her way home,Lisa told herself background/'baekgraund/n.O出身 that she could achieve anything if she 背景：Family background doesn't decide a stuck to what she loved.(辽宁中考)在回 person's future..家庭背景不能决定一个 家的路上，丽莎告诉自己，只要她坚持自 人的未来。②背景：The background 己所热爱的事情，她就能实现任何目标。 music in this movie is very beautiful. ②完成：I haven't achieved very much 部电影的背景音乐非常动听。 today..我今天没完成多少事。 212 八年级下册·Unit6 团搭配 生们为了进入顶尖大学的名额不得不相 achieve one's dream实现某人的梦 互竞争。 想：We can achieve our dream only by smoothly/'smud1i/adw.①顺利地： working hard every day.只有每天努力， Despite the heavy traffic,we made it to 我们才能实现梦想。 the airport smoothly.尽管交通拥堵，我 可拓展 们还是顺利地到达了机场。②平滑地： 联achievement n.成就；成绩 Please spread the cream smoothly over greatly/'gretli/ado.0非常，很：I the cake.请将奶油平滑地涂抹在蛋糕 greatly enjoyed the movie we watched 表面。 yesterday..我非常喜欢我们昨天看的那 壩拓展 部电影。②大大地，极大地：New 联smooth adj.顺利的；光滑的；平 technology have greatly changed our 稳的 lives.(杨州中考)新技术极大地改变了我 voluntary/'vplantri/adj.①义务性 们的生活。 的：He was sentenced to 100 hours of ★influence/'nfluans/.■t.影响： voluntary work in the community.他被 The weather can influence our mood 判罚在社区做100个小时的义务工作。 easily.天气很容易影响我们的心情。 ②自愿的：The decision to join the club is ■n.影响：This is a big reason why so completely voluntary.加入俱乐部的决定 many people worry about social media's 完全是自愿的。 influence on teenagers.这就是为什么这 ★cross/krDs/■t&i.①穿越，横 八 么多人担心社交媒体对青少年的影响的 过：You must look both ways before 一个重要原因。 crossing the street.过马路前，你必须左 下 场搭配 右看。②交叉，相交：Two lines cross at ①have an influence on..对…有影 the centre of the page.两条线在页面中 响：Parents have a great influence on 心相交。■n.十字路口：Turn right at their children's habits.父母对孩子的习 the first cross.在第一个十字路口右转。 惯有很大的影响。 审拓展 ②under the influence of..,在…的 辨cross&across 影响下：Under the influence of his teacher, (1)cross=go/walk across,词性为 he fell in love with painting.在老师的影响 动词，可直接作谓语。如：The old man 下，他爱上了绘画。 crossed the river by boat every day.这位 compete/kam'pit/vi.①参加比赛： 老人每天坐船过河。 Athletes from all over the world compete (2)across是介词，不能单独作谓语， in the Olympic Games.全世界的运动员 必须搭配动词使用。如：They swam 都在奥运会上同场竞技。②竞争： across the lake.他们游过湖面。 Students have to compete against each charity/'tfaeroti/n.慈善机构（或组 other for places at the top universities. 织)：Ed hopes his story can help people. 213 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 That's why he started his own charity, 目更难，至少对初学者来说是这样。 M2M,which aims to support "people north-western /in2:0 'westan/adj. facing challenges in life”,(江西中考)埃 北的，西北方向的：The north-western 德希望他的故事能帮助人们。这就是为 part of our country has a lot of beautiful 什么他创办了自己的慈善机构M2M,旨 deserts and grasslands..我国的西北部有 在支持“生活中面临挑战的人”。 许多美丽的沙漠和草原。 场拓展 north-eastern/inod'i:ston/adj.东北 联charitable adj.慈善的，慈善事 的，东北方向的：The north-eastern 业的 provinces of China are famous for their ★western/'westan/.adj.O西部的： ice and snow in winter.中国东北各省以 The western part of China is famous for 冬季的冰雪而闻名。 its beautiful mountains and rivers,中国 suffer/'sAfa(r)/■vi.①受折磨：Many 的西部以秀美的山水闻名。②西方国家 people suffered from hunger in the old 的：We can learn about Western culture days.在过去，很多人都饱受饥饿之苦。 by reading English books.我们可以通过 ②变差：My eyesight suffered because I 读英语书来了解西方文化 played computer games too much.因为 第拓展 我玩太多电脑游戏，视力变差了。t.遭 联westerner n.西方人 受：He suffered a big loss in the business *p0 pularity/pppju'ri/n.①受 last year.他去年在生意上蒙受了巨大损 欢迎：The Four Seasons,written by the 失。 Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi,was suffer from患…病，遭受：She had 下 first played about 300 years ago.Since to stay at home because she suffered then,it has enjoyed worldwide from a bad cold..她得了重感冒，不得不 popularity.(长沙中考)《四季》由意大利 待在家里。 音乐家安东尼奥·维瓦尔第创作，大约 blood/blad/n.血，血液：What blood 300年前首次演奏。自那时起，它在全球 type does your sister have?你妹妹是什 范围内广受欢迎。@普及：The 么血型？ popularity of smartphones has changed 切搭配 the way we communicate.智能手机的普 in the blood与生俱来的；遗传的l 及改变了我们沟通的方式。 blood type血型‖donate blood献血 拓展 现拓展 联popular adj.受欢迎的 联bleedv.流血 chemistry/kemistri/n.化学： disease/dr'ziz/n.病，疾病：Over the Chemistry is usually thought to be more next one hundred years,wars and difficult than other subjects,at least for disease killed many Maori people..在过去 the beginners..化学通常被认为比其他科的一百年里，战争和疾病夺去了许多毛利 214 八年级下册·Unit6 人的生命。 The operation of the factory depends on 南拓展 enough electricity supply.这家工厂的运 辨disease&illness 转依赖于充足的电力供应。 (1)disease侧重具体的疾病种类（强 球拓展 调具体病症)，是医学上的专业术语。如： 联operate v.做手术；操作 He is suffering from a rare disease.f他得 absent/'ebsant/adi.①缺席，不在： 了一种罕见的疾病。 Three students were absent from class (2)illness侧重生病的状态或一段时 today because of the flu,今天有三个学生 间的患病过程（强调生病的状态），不一定 因为流感缺席了课程。②心不在焉的： 指明具体疾病，泛指一切疾病，可用于轻 He picked at his food in an absent way, 微或严重的病。如：Her illness lasted for clearly thinking about something else. two weeks..她病了两周。 心不在焉地拨弄着盘子里的食物，显然在 *0 peration/op3'rejn/n.0手术：It 想别的事情。 took the doctors three hours to perform 唐拓展 the operation successfully..医生们花了三 联absence n.缺席，不在‖absently 个小时成功完成了这场手术。②运转： adv.心不在焉地 短 语 l.work hand in hand携手合作 13.win a medal赢得奖牌 2.help people in need帮助有需要的人 14.help people in our spare time在我们 3.provide places for homeless people 的空余时间帮助别人 年级下 无家可归者提供场所 15.help primary school students with 4.do sth.by donating money捐钱做某事 their science projects帮助小学生做 5.do not know what to expect不知道会 科学项目 发生什么 l6.in our daily lives在我们的日常生 6.one of the most amazing experiences 活中 最令人惊叹的经历之一 17.suffer from a serious blood disease 7.give up their spare time放弃他们的业 有一种严重的血液病 余时间 l8.come from an ordinary family来自一 8.receive the necessary training接受必 个普通的家庭 要的培训 l9.give a helping hand伸出援手 9.make the event a great success使活动 20.be absent from缺席 取得圆满成功 21.cannot afford such an expensive lO.their spirit of never giving up他们永 operation无法承担如此昂贵的手术 不放弃的精神 22.organize a charity sale to raise money ll.an introduction to..…的介绍 组织一次慈善义卖 l2.work as a tour guide做导游 215