Unit 1 Past and present-【专项训练】初中英语词汇必备手册（译林版·新教材）

八年级下册·Unit1 八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present underground/'Andograund/n.地铁： (2)be/get used to doing sth.意为 Now you can take the bus,the underground “习惯于做某事”。如：Iam/get used to or a plane to travel..现在你可以乘坐公交 getting up early..我习惯早起了。 车、地铁或飞机出行。 (3)be used to do sth.意为“被用于做 ★speed/spid/■n.速度：It prepares 某事”。如：This can be used to help solve crimes..这可以用来帮助解决犯罪 food at a faster speed..(广州中考)它以更 问题。 快的速度准备食物。■U.超速驾驶； (使)加速：Don't speed on the highway! crowded/'kraudid/adi.拥挤的： 高速公路上不要超速！ Although sometimes it seemed crowded, 搭配 it was comforting to have someone else at full/,high/low speed以全速/高速/ there.(东营中考)虽然有时看起来很拥 低速 挤，但有人在那里还是很令人感到欣 high-speed train x.高速列车：Alot 慰的。 更搭配 of people in China travel by high-speed be crowded with挤满了…：The train every year..(北京中考)中国每年都 shopping mall is always crowded with 年级 有很多人坐高铁旅行。 customers at the weekend..周末商场里总 册 used to modal v.曾经：We used to talk 是挤满了顾客。 about everythingsports,school,friends ,拓展 (东营中考)我们过去什么都聊一一运 联crowd n.人群.拥挤；聚集 动、学校、朋友。 围拓展 convenient/kan'vi:niant/,adi.方便 的：This makes electric cars a lot less used to do sth.be/get used to convenient for long trips.(台州中考)这 doing sth.be used to do sth. 使得电车长途旅行不太方便。 (1)used to do sth.意为“过去常常做 拓展 某事”，指过去经常反复发生的动作或状 反inconvenient adj.不方便的 态，但现在已不复存在，表示过去的某种 习惯。如：My father used to drive to 联convenience n.便利；方便 work,but now he walks to work to keep *innovation/na'vejn/n.创新： healthy.(苏州中考)我爸爸过去常常开 Remote work tools are a product of 车上班，但现在他走路上班来保持健康。 digital innovation.远程办公工具是数字 173 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 创新的产物。 Atechnology /tek'nolad3i/n.(=tech) 围拓展 技术：The world is changing fast and it's 联 innovate v.创新；改革‖ important to stay up to date with the innovative adi.创新的，新颖的 latest developments in technology and southern/sAan/adi.南部的，南方 other fields.(泰州中考)世界瞬息万变， 的：After getting off at Pu'er Station, 了解技术和其他领域的最新发展非常 tourists can experience the ancient tea- 重要。 horse road in southern Yunnan.(云南中 industry/'ndastri/n.①行业：She 考)在普洱站下车后，游客可以体验云南 works in the fashion industry..她在时尚 南部古老的茶马古道。 行业工作。g工业：Coal is a natural 街拓展 resource that is of great importance to 联northern adj.北部的，北方的川 industry.煤是工业上极为重要的自然 western adj.西部的，西方的‖eastern 资源。 拓展 adj.东部的，东方的 high-tech/har'tek/adj.高科技的（尤 联industrial adj.工业的；产业的 指电子方面)：Some schools use high-tech *giant/'d3 arant//■n.①大公司：This tools like VR for learning.一些学校用 tech giant has dominated the global VR(虚拟现实)这样的高科技工具学习。 market for over a decade.这家科技巨头 已经主导全球市场超过十年了。②巨人， 年 pioneer/pae'na(r)/n.先锋，先驱： 庞然大物：The giant looks scary but 下 The Chinese are a pioneer in the use of bamboo.(泰安中考)中国人是使用竹子 actually he's gentle.这个巨人看起来可 怕但实际上他很温柔。■ad防.①巨大 的先驱。 的：It is protecting over70%of the wild reform /rr'fo:m/ ■n.改革： giant panda population in the country. Educational reform helps students (扬州中考)它正在保护该国70%以上的 develop better.(潍坊中考)教育改革有 野生大熊猫种群。②伟大的：Shakespeare 助于学生更好地发展。■v.改革：The is a giant writer..莎士比亚是一个伟大的 government wants to reform the old laws 作家。 to make our life better..(宁波中考)政府 ★lead/1id/■ut.&vi.引领；领导：All 想要改革旧法律来让我们的生活更美好。 roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 语拓展 ■n.①（竞赛中）领先地位：Our school 联reformer n.改革家 has a lead in English teaching..我们学校 at the heart of在…的核心： 在英语教学方面处于领先地位。②主角： Kindness is at the heart of friendship. The lead actor's performance in the 良是友谊的核心。 movie was amazing.主演在电影里的表 174 八年级下册·Unit1 现非常惊艳。 move around in the library.It's too noisy. 搭配 (滨州中考)不要在图书馆里四处走动。 ①lead sb.to do sth.引导某人做某 太吵了。 事：Parents should lead their kids to form 拓展 good habits..(苏州中考)父母应该引导 联 moving adj.令人感动的川 孩子养成好习惯。 moved adj.感动的‖movement n.移动， ②lead to导致（某种结果）：Bad 转动 eating habits can lead to many health wealth/wel0/n.①财富；富有：It'snot problems.(武汉中考)不良饮食习惯会导 hard to imagine the things one could do 致很多健康问题。 with this new-found wealth.不难想象， ③take the lead处于领先地位：Who 人们可以用这些新发现的财富做些什么。 will take the lead in the school sports ②大量，丰富：Jim has a wealth of meeting？(河南中考)谁会在学校运动会 teaching experience..吉姆拥有丰富的教 上领先？ 学经验。 围拓展 球拓展 联leader n.领导者‖leadership n. 联wealthy adj.富有的 领导能力 a wealth of大量的，丰富的：She has a ★move/muv/■n.改变，转变： wealth of knowledge about ancient Switching from milk tea to water was a civilizations.她对古代文明拥有丰富的 smart move for his health.从喝奶茶改喝 知识。 水是他为了健康做出的一个明智改变。 级 ■o.①移动：He moved closer to the *facility/f3'srloti/n.设施，设备： 册 mirror and smiled,checking his teeth. This community provides many amusement (盐城中考)他走近镜子，微笑着检查自己 facilities for the children..这个社区为孩 的牙齿。②搬家：When cold weather 子们提供了许多娱乐设施。 comes,many birds move to warmer as well as除…之外，也，还：She is a places to find food.(广安中考)当寒冷的 teacher as well as a writer.她既是老师 天气来临时，许多鸟类会迁徙到更温暖的 也是作家。 地方寻找食物。 excellent/'eksolant/adi.优秀的，杰出 搭配 的：He is an excellent young man who ①move on继续前进；继续（做某 spared no effort to help others.(南充中 事)：After finishing the first part of the 考)他是个不遗余力地帮助别人的优秀年 test,we need to move on to the next one 轻人。 quickly.(临沂中考)做完测试的第一部 搭配 分后，我们需要迅速进入下一部分。 be excellent at/in在…方面是极好 ②move around四处活动：Don't 的：y sister is excellent at/in English 175 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 and she often helps me with it..我姐姐擅 gifts for Chengduers to do sports 长英语，她经常帮我学习英语。 conveniently..(成都中考)家附近的绿道 拓展 和公园是为成都人提供的方便运动的绿 注excellent没有比较级和最高级形 色礼物。 式，类似的词还有favourite,perfect等。 electric/lektrik/adj.电动的：The ★educational/ied3u'keif3nl/ad.教 race is on to get more electric cars on the 育的，有关教育的：We offer educational road.(台州中考)让更多的电动汽车上路 talks and speeches to give you skills for 的竞赛正在进行中。 life.(烟台中考)我们提供教育讲座和演 速拓展 讲，为您传授生活技能。 联electricityn.电；电流‖electrician 球拓展 n,电工‖electrical adj,与电有关的；电 联education n.教育‖educate v. 气的 教育‖educationalist n.教育家 planner/'plaene(r)/n.设计者，规划 honour/ona(r)/n.荣誉：It is a great 者：My sister is a good planner.She honour to win this award.获得这个奖是 always makes lists before trips.我姐姐很 莫大的荣誉。 会规划。她每次旅行前都会列清单。 ★public/'PAbltk/■n.民众：The 题拓展 public are concerned about health issues. 联plan.&n.计划 八 公众关心健康问题。■adj.公共的；公 ★since/sns/■prep.自…以来：We 级 众的：There were also many public have been friends since2o20.(河南中考) 我们从2020年起就是朋友了。■conj. 册 holidays in ancient times,such as the Spring Festival,the winter solstice and the ①自…以来：I have lived here since I Mid-Autumn Festival.古代也有许多公共 was5 years old.(泰安中考)我从5岁起 节假日，如春节、冬至和中秋节。 就住在这里了。②由于，既然：Since you 国搭配 are free,let's go to the library together. in public公开地，在别人面前：He (苏州中考)既然你有空，咱们一起去图书 often gave speeches in public.他经常在 馆吧。 公共场合发表演讲。 注since引导时间状语从句，主句用 citizen/'stzn/n.①居民，市民：The 现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如： new library will serve all citizens in the Great changes have taken place here town.新图书馆将为镇上所有居民提供 since he left.自从他离开以来，这儿发生 服务。②公民：Every citizen must follow 了巨大的变化。 the laws.每个公民都必须遵守法律。 development/dr'velapmant/,n.发展， greenway/'grin:wel/n.绿道：Greenways 成长：With the rapid development of and parks near their homes are green technology,our life is becoming more 176 八年级下册·Unit1 and more convenient.随着科技的快速发 险很低，枯木在自然界中起着关键作用。 展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。 make a living谋生：Now Mi can pioneering/palnr/adj.开拓性 make a living by making clay figurines. 的：The pioneering spirit of the man has (德阳中考)现在米可以靠做泥人谋生了。 never faded over time..这个男人的开拓 world-famous /w3:ld 'feimas/adj. 精神从未消逝。 世闻名的：It is a world-famous culture 镜拓展 theatre,where you can enjoy Hamlet, 联pioneern.先锋，开拓者 Romeo and Juliet,King Henry Iv... creativity/kri:el'tIvati/n.创造力：We any play by Shakespeare in the open air. should encourage students to use their (日照中考)这是一个世界著名的文化剧 creativity to solve problems in their study 院，你可以露天欣赏《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧 and life..我们应该鼓励学生运用他们的 与朱丽叶》《亨利四世》等莎士比亚的任何 创造力去解决学习和生活中的问题。 戏剧。 围拓展 *transport/'treenspo:t/■n.交通运 联create v.创造，创建；造成‖ 输系统：In an ideal world,everyone creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的 benefits from innovation and green ★certainly/'s3tnli/ado.无疑，肯定： transport..(苏州中考)在一个理想的世界 It was certainly an unusual experience. 里，每个人都能从创新和绿色交通中受 (成都中考)这无疑是一次不同寻常的 益。■v.运输，输送：The goods were 八 经历。 transported by air..这些货物是空运的。 蜜拓展 球拓展 下册 联certain adj.确定的‖uncertain 联transportation n.运输 adj.不确定的 recently/'ri:sntli/adv.最近：Terry 注certainly常作答语，与of course and Kate are now reading stories behind 同义。如：一Can I go outside?一Certainly./ the Chinese idioms they have learnt Of course. —一我能出去吗？ —一当然 recently.(盐城中考)特里和凯特现在正 可以。 在读他们最近学到的中国成语背后的 key/ki/■n.0关键：The key to 故事。 success is preparation,.成功的关键是准 拓展 备。键，琴键：She pressed the wrong 注recently强调动作与现在的关联 key on the keyboard.她按错了键盘上的 时（如经历、影响），句子一般用现在完成 键。■adj.关键的：However,recent 时。如：Recently,1,l40 places in the studies suggest that this risk is low and country have been taken as important that deadwood plays a key role in nature. breeding grounds,wintering grounds and (徐州中考)然而，最近的研究表明，这种风 migratory stops.(连云港中考)最近，该 177 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 国有1140个地方被视为重要的繁殖地、 拓展 越冬地和迁徙站。 联report v.报道n.报道；报告 联recent adj.近来的 line/1an/n.①交通线：This bus line already/l'redi/adu.已经，早已：I goes to the city centre..这条公交线通往 have already finished my homework 市中心。②线（条）：Draw a straight line before my mother came back home..在我 on the paper.在纸上画一条直线。③行， 妈妈回家之前，我就已经做完作业了。 列：People are standing in a line to buy ★yet/jet/■adu.尚，还；迄今：He tickets.人们排队买票。 hasn't called yet.他还没打电话来。 球搭配 ■conj.但是；然而：Today's TV sets are ①in line with与…一致：His actions are in line with the school rules. thinner and thinner,yet the pictures are 他的行为符合校规。 better and better,如今的电视机越来越 ②cut in line插队：It is rude to cut in 薄，然而画质却越来越好了。 line.You should wait your turn..插队是 拓展 很不礼貌的行为。你应该排队等候。 辨already,yet&ever ★step/step/■i.迈步，踩，踏，行走： (1)already意为“已经”，常用于肯定 Please step on the brake gently.请轻踩 句中，表示动作比预期更早完成，可位于 刹车。■n.①步骤：There are usually 句中或句末。如：She has already four steps in the scientific method, finished her homework..她已经完成了家 级 including observation, hypothesis, 庭作业。 experiment,and conclusion.(扬州中考) 册 (2)yet意为“尚，还；迄今”，常用于否 科学方法通常有四个步骤，包括观察、假 定句和疑问句中，否定句中表示尚未，疑 设、实验和结论。②脚步：She took a step 问句中表示已经，常位于句末。如：But closer to the edge.她向边缘迈进一步。 has it been confirmed yet?但这已经得到 ③台阶；梯级：He fell over when he was 证实了吗？ running down the steps.他从台阶上跑下 (3)ever意为“从来，曾经”，常用于现 来时摔倒了。 在完成时中，表示到目前为止的任何时 wide/wad/adj.宽的，宽阔的：Taihu 候，多用于疑问句或表示最高级的从句 Tunnel,10.79 kilometres long and 43.6 中。t如：Have you ever been to metres wide,has been the longest Yancheng?你去过盐城吗？ underwater tunnel in China.(温州中考) rep0rter/rr'pta(r)/n.记者：A good 太湖隧道长10.79千米，宽43.6米，是中 reporter always tries to find out the truth 国最长的水下隧道。 and help more people.一名好的记者总 短拓展 是努力查明真相，帮助更多的人。 联widen v.变宽∥width n.宽度I 178 八年级下册·Unit1 widely adv.广泛地 hopeful/haupfl/adj.抱有希望，满怀 辨wide&widely 希望：I went downstairs,feeling energetic (I)wide用作副词主要表示“张大” and hopeful.(常州中考)我走下楼，感觉 或“睁大”到最大程度，侧重指物体从一边 精力充沛，充满希望。 到另一边的距离（联系其形容词用法），通 拓展 常与open等连用。如：The door was 反hopeless adj.无望的 wide open.门敞开着。 联hope v.希望‖hopefully adv.满 (2)widely主要表示距离远、范围大、 地域广等。如：Gas is now widely used 怀希望地 for cooking and heating.天然气现在被普 guest/gest/n.①旅客，房客：This hotel 遍地用来做饭和供暖。 has200 guests.这家旅馆有200个房客。 r0w/au/n.一排，一列，一行：The ②客人：The host greeted the guests children stood in a row.孩子们站成一排。 warmly.主人热情地问候客人。 围搭配 搭配 a row of一排：There is a row of be my guest请便：一Can I use your houses along the river.河边有一排房子。 phone?-Be my guest! 我能用一下 *muddy/'madi/adj.泥泞的：The 你的手机吗？ —一请便！ road is muddy after the heavy rain.大雨 切拓展 过后，道路泥泞不堪。 反hostn.主人，接待者 围拓展 guest house n.小旅馆：We stayed in a 联mudn.泥，淤泥，泥浆 cozy guest house near the beach.我们住 年级下 villager/'vlrd3o(r)/n.村民：He knows 在一间靠近海滩的舒适的小旅馆里。 that if he does a good deed,the villagers tourism/'tuarIzom/n.旅游业，观光业： will not want to catch him.(南京中考) Some places,such as Beijing and 他知道，如果他做了一件好事，村民们就 Shandong,have included Citywalk in 不会想抓他了。 their plans to develop cultural tourism 事拓展 and relaxing tours.(烟台中考)北京和山 联village n.村庄，村镇 东等地已将城市漫步纳入发展文化旅游 recent/ri:snt/adj.近来的，新近的： 和休闲旅游的计划。 According to a recent survey,more than 球拓展 30 million people worldwide are learning 联touristn.旅行者；观光者‖tour Chinese.根据最近的一项调查，全球 v.&n.参观；旅行 有3000多万人在学习中文。 empty/'empti/adj.空的：There are 场拓展 still a few empty seats on the bus.公交 联recently adv.近来，最近 车上还有几个空位。 179 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 public/'pAblik/adi.公共的；公众的 频，并使一些普通人成为导演。 (见P176)。 壩搭配 ★comm0n/komn/adj.普遍的；共 ①have..in common(想法、兴趣等 同的：For example,some technologies 方面)相同：My sister and I have nothing in common.我和姐姐毫无共同之处。 can change words into short videos easily and make it possible for some common ②common sense常识：Washing people to be directors..(南通中考)例如， hands is common sense..洗手是常识。 一些技术可以轻松地将文字转换为短视 短 语 l.past and present过去和现在 16.feel like home有宾至如归的感觉 2.the key to success成功的关键 l7.take the underground乘地铁 3.take place发生 18.get around the city游览城市 4.transport at different times不同时代 l9.step onto the wide,clean roads踏上 的交通方式 宽阔、干净的道路 5.in southern China在中国南部 20.narrow and muddy狭窄和泥泞 6.attract people from across the world 2l.feel hopeful about the future对未来 吸引来自世界各地的人 充满希望 T.at the heart of the city在城市的中心 22.stay overnight过夜 级 8.offer a wealth of cultural facilities提供 23.make farming easier让耕种更容易 册 丰富的文化设施 24.in recent years在近几年 9.win an honour from..赢得来自 25.used to be an empty field曾经是一块 的荣誉 空地 10.work to improve the quality of life 26.get their own cars拥有他们自已的 力提高生活质量 汽车 ll.produce less air pollution减少空气 27.live in modern houses or flats住在现 污染 代化的房子或公寓里 l2.enjoy a cleaner environment享受更 28.bring knowledge and skills to help 清洁的环境 the local people带来知识和技能来帮 l3.at an amazing speed以惊人的速度 助人们 14.become a symbol of China's development 29.the hard work of the citizens市民的 成为中国发展的象征 辛苦工作 l5.make a living by fishing以捕鱼为生 30.living conditions生活条件 180