Unit 1 People of Achievement 非限制性定语从句（核心语法精练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“概念辨析-考点突破-综合应用”为逻辑主线，系统构建非限制性定语从句的方法体系与知识网络，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A考点概览|3类区别解析+8组对比例句|限制性与非限制性定语从句三大区别（形式/先行词/关系词）；as与which四维度差异（指代范围/位置/翻译/固定句型）|从形式特征到先行词类型，再到关系词使用规则，形成“概念→原理→特殊用法”的递进链条| |B考点夯基|高考真题6题+单句填空40题+完成句子10题|关系词选择“三不原则”（that/why不用于非限制性；whom不可用who替代；关系词不可省略）；as固定句型（as we all know等）应用技巧|以真题为引领，通过单句填空强化关系词搭配，完成句子实现语法知识向表达能力转化| |C综合攻坚|语法填空2篇+阅读理解2篇|语篇中定语从句的语境分析；长难句拆分技巧|从单句语法到语篇理解，实现知识应用的迁移与综合能力跃升，培养学习策略|

Unit 1 People of Achievement 核心语法精练（非限制性定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、非限制性定语从句高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1．形式不同 Here is the man who has been punished by the boss. 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句) The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion. 这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。 2．先行词不同 This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited. 那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容) 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。 3．关系词的使用情况不同 (1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him. 大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。 I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 This is the man (whom/who/that)we are talking about. 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句) The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句) She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher. 她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。 ①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。 ②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 This is a good film (which/that)I saw a few days ago. 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句) The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。 二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer. 众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。 He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected. 他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。 He is a cheat, as everyone can see. 每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。 He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected. 正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。 As we all know, paper was invented in China. 正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。 ①as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。 ②as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。 ③as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。 一、非限制性定语从句高考真题 1.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 2.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 3.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 5.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 6.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 二、单句语法填空 1．In addition to its practical uses, Dujiangyan is also a popular tourist attraction, visitors come to admire the ancient architecture and learn about its history. 2．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks. 3．Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 4．He’s a very good actor, a lot of comedians are not, and he’s a good director and good writer as well. 5．Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 6．We started from Vancouver, we picked up our vehicle for the trip-a home on wheels . 7．This book, you can buy at any bookstore, will provide you with all the information you need. 8．The UK has a long and interesting history to explore, can help you understand more about the country. 9．Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned (辞职) two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 10．The soldiers stopped at the edge of a wood, they thought was the right place for an ambush (伏击). 11．A large number of interpreters were present at the party, most of Jimmy had known for ages. 12． is known to all, Zhang Jing, a Chinese female on-site translator at China-US talks, shows “her power” in fluent and accurate interpretation. 13．Tango is a passionate dance, brings the dancers together in a way that words can't express. 14．Europe has only around 200 languages; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 15．In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. 16．Next, the tea concentrate is poured into cups, after water from inside the samovar is added by using the tap. 17．Inspired, he asked his fans to make videos, he then joined together into one performance. 18． was announced in the newspaper, our country won 51 gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games. 19．First of all, it is a good idea to go to work by bus or on foot instead of driving， can help to reduce the greenhouse effect. 20．The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of up to half will be from abroad. 21．I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite. 22．I should say thanks to my dear friends, without help I wouldn’t have achieved such great success. 23．The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, can be found in several parts of the world 24．Albert Einstein, is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. 25． is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 26． is reported in the newspaper, the frequent school bus accidents have caused the whole country's concern. 27．Medicine should be kept out of children’s reach, is why he always puts it in the top drawer. 28．He had a deep voice, set him apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful. 29．The United States is made up of fifty states, one of is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. 30．The book was written in 1946, since the education system has witnessed great changes. 31．She climbed up to the top of the hill, from she could have a good view of the whole town. 32．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. 33．The key is to concentrate, helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘ calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind when I feel tense. 34．The fastest way to learn is to have someone, has already mastered the language, check your writings. 35．Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of stopped playing football completely. 36．The sample, includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones. 37．Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31— works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. 38．Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to he made many careful plans for her future. 39．The ring was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(长出) through it. 40．Owing to our efforts, our class won first prize in the end, we thought was the most significant gift for our school. 二、完成句子 41．他是唯一知道老房子秘密的人，过去有许多故事发生在那里。 He is the only person ________________ of the old house, ________________ many stories happened in the past. 42．它是美国最伟大的小说家之一马克·吐温写的。 It is written by Mark Twain, ______________________. 43．我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 I have two foreign teachers, ________ ________ ________ are from America. 44．就我个人而言，我们也可以邀请一些专家给我们讲课，这可以让我们更好地了解野生动物。 As far as I am concerned, we can also invite some experts to give us lectures, ________________. 45．众所周知，随着人民生活水平的提高，汽车已经成为一种受欢迎的交通方式，为生活带来了巨大的便利。 As______ ______ ______ ______, with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, ______ ______ great convenience to our life. 46．调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。 ________________, more and more people choose to travel abroad. 47．他到达的当天便去拜访了他的老朋友。 He paid a visit to his old friend ____________. 48．All of us should work out for half an hour every day, __________ _________ we can strengthen our body. 我们所有人都应该每天锻炼半小时，通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质。 49．Mr. King, ___________________________, was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生的双腿严重受伤, 被迅速送往了医院。 50．Here are the questions, ____________________________. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chen Ning Yang, a famous Chinese physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away at the age of 103, according to Chinese media. He was known 1 one of the most influential scientists in the world. In 1957, Yang and another physicist, Tsung-Dao Lee, 2 (win) the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research on the law of parity. Their 3 (discover) helped people better understand elementary particles, the tiny parts that make up all matter. 4 (bear) in 1922 in Anhui Province, Yang was the eldest of five children. Growing up on the campus of Tsinghua University, 5 his father taught mathematics, he developed a deep love for science. As a teenager, Yang once told his parents, “One day, I want to win the Nobel Prize.” 6 (remarkable), this dream came true at the age of 35. 7 (earn) his bachelor’s degree in 1942 from the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming, Yang went on 8 (complete) a master’s degree at Tsinghua. After the Sino-Japanese War, he went to the United States on a Tsinghua fellowship 9 studied at the University of Chicago under Enrico Fermi, who built the world’s first nuclear reactor. Throughout his long career, Yang made 10 (contribution) to many fields of physics, focusing especially on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. It was not only the Nobel Prize that honored him; in 1957, he received the Albert Einstein Commemorative Award, and a year later, an honorary doctorate from Princeton University — a clear recognition of his lifelong devotion to science. （25-26高二上·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dr. Jane Goodall, an outstanding primatologist (灵长类动物学家), was well-known for her pioneering work that transformed our understanding of animal 1 (behave). With no formal training, this remarkable woman began her groundbreaking research in the rainforests of Tanzania. Her most famous observation was that chimpanzees not only used but actually made tools—they would select long pieces of grass and 2 (skillful) insert them into termite nests to “fish” for insects. This revolutionary discovery fundamentally reshaped 3 scientists viewed the boundary between humans and animals, challenging long-established beliefs in the scientific community. 4 (like) conventional researchers who maintained strict objectivity, Goodall named the chimpanzees she studied, 5 practice rarely acceptable at the time. She said they had complex emotions and distinct personalities, 6 (draw) considerable criticism from some peers who questioned her discovery. Yet her approach, 7 (root) in heartfelt connection and careful observation, revealed profound insights into chimpanzee society. Despite her extraordinary achievements and the opposition she initially faced, Goodall remained consistently cheerful. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she later launched the global youth program, 8 goal was to encourage young people worldwide to engage in environmental conservation. She emphasized that the 9 (critical) issue of all was to educate people and develop a deeper respect for all living creatures. Her enduring legacy continues to inspire us and serves as a powerful reminder that meaningful change often 10 (begin) with a single curious mind. 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水·期中）Wu Mingzhu, a female melon breeding expert and founder of Xinjiang melon quality improvement, was born on January 3, 1930, in Wuhan, Hubei. As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding. After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College’s Horticulture Department in 1953, Wu worked at Chongqing’s Southwest Agricultural and Forestry Bureau. She then served in the Southwest Office of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1954 to 1955. Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward, holding roles like secretary of the Rural Work Department, agricultural technology station director, and agricultural school vice principal. From 1975 to 1985, she took leading positions including Turpan Prefecture Science and Technology Commission director and CPC Turpan Prefectural Committee member. In 1985, she resigned from leadership to focus on research at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Horticultural Crops Institute. Her efforts earned her election as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999. In 2005, she became Honorary Director of Shanghai Jiading’s Hami Melon Research Department. Wu pioneered the collection of Xinjiang’s local melon resources, saving endangered varieties. She also established an innovative technical system for melon breeding and soilless culture. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The history of Xinjiang’s melon industry. B．The development of Hami Melon Research Center. C．The job of the Chinese Academy of Engineering members. D．The basic information of melon expert Wu Mingzhu. 2．When did Wu Mingzhu volunteer to work in Turpan? A．1956. B．1954. C．1953. D．1975. 3．What did Wu become after resigning in 1985? A．Deputy director of a Science Commission. B．Researcher at Xinjiang’s Horticultural Institute. C．Vice principal of Turpan Agricultural School. D．Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. 4．Which of the following words best describes Wu Mingzhu? A．Patient. B．Curious. C．Devoted. D．Humorous. （25-26高二上·安徽·期中）Katherine Johnson, a hero to American space travel and exploration, was born on Aug. 26, 1918, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Her genius for math and science was evident early and her parents arranged for her and her siblings’ education to be a priority. Katherine graduated from high school at only 14 and attended West Virginia State College, a historically Black college. When West Virginia decided to quietly integrate its graduate schools in 1939, West Virginia State’s president, Dr. John W. Davis, selected her and two men to be the first Black students offered spots at the state’s flagship school, West Virginia University. In 1953, in a time of racial separation, she started a job as a human “computer” with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later developed into NASA．She worked in the West Area Computing section at Langley Research Center on a team headed by fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan. This turned into a long-term position and set the course for Katherine’s role in space exploration. In 1960, she and engineer Ted Skopinski coauthored Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position, a report laying out the equations (方程式) describing an orbital spaceflight in which the landing position of the spacecraft is specified. It was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division had received credit as an author of a research report. Her expertise was key to John Glenn’s orbit around Earth in 1962, with Glenn putting much of his confidence in Katherine to make the mission a success. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to “get the girl” — Johnson — to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine. “If she says they’re good,” Katherine Johnson remembered the astronaut saying, “then I’m ready to go.” 1．What can we learn about Katherine Johnson’s life experience? A．Her parents attached great importance to her education. B．She was the only Black student to enter West Virginia University in 1939. C．She took the lead of the West Area Computing section. D．She joined the NACA organization after NASA had been established. 2．Why does the writer quote (引用) John Glenn’s words in the last paragraph? A．To explain Johnson’s hand calculation (计算) was tough. B．To highlight John Glenn was a strict mission leader. C．To prove Johnson’s hand calculations were reliable. D．To illustrate the computer’s data was not trustworthy. 3．Which of the following can best describe Katherine Johnson? A．Modest and sociable. B．Talented and hardworking. C．Stubborn and ambitious. D．Considerate and cooperative. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Katherine Johnson: A Lifetime of Educational Pursuits B．The Story of a “Computer”: Katherine Johnson’s Early Life at NASA C．Katherine Johnson: A Pioneering Force in Space Exploration D．Mathematics: The Key to John Glenn’s Historic Space Flight 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 People of Achievement 核心语法精练（非限制性定语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、非限制性定语从句高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1．形式不同 Here is the man who has been punished by the boss. 这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句) The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion. 这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句) 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。 2．先行词不同 This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited. 那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容) 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。 3．关系词的使用情况不同 (1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 Most people didn't vote for him, which disappointed him. 大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。 I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind. 我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。 指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。 (2)关系代词替代情况不同 This is the man (whom/who/that)we are talking about. 这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句) The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句) She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher. 她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。 ①关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。 ②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。 (3)关系代词省略情况不同 This is a good film (which/that)I saw a few days ago. 这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句) The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near. 我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。 二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer. 众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。 He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected. 他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。 He is a cheat, as everyone can see. 每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。 He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected. 正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。 As we all know, paper was invented in China. 正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。 ①as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。 ②as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。 ③as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。 一、非限制性定语从句高考真题 1.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 2.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 5.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 二、单句语法填空 1．In addition to its practical uses, Dujiangyan is also a popular tourist attraction, visitors come to admire the ancient architecture and learn about its history. 【答案】where 【详解】句意：除了实际用途外，都江堰还是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，游客可以在这里欣赏古代建筑并了解其历史。空处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词a popular tourist attraction表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，此处表示“在都江堰这个景点”，用关系副词where。 2．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。故填where。 3．Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：欧洲只有大约200种语言;美洲大约有1000个;非洲2400;亚洲和太平洋大约有3200个，其中巴布亚新几内亚就占了800多个。此处3,200做先行词，指物，后面的定语从句由介词of加关系代词引导，介词后面指人用whom，指物用which引导定语从句，故答案为which。 4．He’s a very good actor, a lot of comedians are not, and he’s a good director and good writer as well. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。先行词actor指“演员”这份职业，故用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。句意：他是个很好的演员，很多喜剧演员都没有（这份表演才艺），他也是个好导演，好作家。故填which。 5．Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：欧洲只有大约200种语言；美洲大约有1000个；非洲2400；亚洲和太平洋大约有3200个，其中巴布亚新几内亚就占了800多个。此处Asia and the Pacific做先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做介词of的宾语，故答案为which。 6．We started from Vancouver, we picked up our vehicle for the trip-a home on wheels . 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们从温哥华出发，在那里我们取到了旅行用的车辆——一辆房车。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Vancouver，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 7．This book, you can buy at any bookstore, will provide you with all the information you need. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本书你可以在任何一家书店买到，它会为你提供你所需要的一切信息。分析句子结构可知此处为非限制性定语从句，句子中缺少主语；并且表示物，因此需要使用which。故填which。 8．The UK has a long and interesting history to explore, can help you understand more about the country. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英国有着悠久而有趣的历史，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家。分析句子结构，“___ can help you understand more about the country”是非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which引导，指代前面一整句话的内容，意思为“这件事，这一点”。故填which。 9．Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned (辞职) two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职，他不得不自己打字。分析句子可知，Dr. Rowan为先行词，作定语从句的定语，与secretary构成所属关系，故关系代词为whose。故填whose。 10．The soldiers stopped at the edge of a wood, they thought was the right place for an ambush (伏击). 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：士兵们在一片树林边停了下来，他们认为那里正是埋伏的地方。此处是非限制性定语从句，they thought 相当于一个插入语，先行词是the edge of a wood，指物，在从句中做主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 11．A large number of interpreters were present at the party, most of Jimmy had known for ages. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：聚会上有许多口译员，其中大部分吉米都认识很久了。句中先行词为interpreters，指人，在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。根据句意，故填whom。 12． is known to all, Zhang Jing, a Chinese female on-site translator at China-US talks, shows “her power” in fluent and accurate interpretation. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，中美对话现场翻译的中国女性张京，用流利准确的翻译展示了“她力量”。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句前，先行词为整个主句，且引导词在从句中做主语，意为“正如”，所以用关系代词as引导。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 13．Tango is a passionate dance, brings the dancers together in a way that words can't express. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：探戈是一种热情奔放的舞蹈，它以一种难以用语言表达的方式把跳舞者聚在一起。分析句式可知，“_____ brings the dancers together”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a passionate dance，从句中缺少主语，关系词指物，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 14．Europe has only around 200 languages; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语动句。句意：欧洲只有大约200种语言；亚洲和太平洋地区可能有3200种语言，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚就有800多种。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为3,200(languages) ，指物，在后面的从句中作介词of的宾语。故填which。 15．In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. 【答案】who 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句关系词。句意：2011年，美国登山家阿兰·阿内特（Alan Arnette）说了类似马洛里的话，他当年爬上了珠穆朗玛峰，并且准备去攀登世界其他高山。此处是一个非限定性定语从句，Alan Arnette是先行词，指人，且在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词who。故填who。 16．Next, the tea concentrate is poured into cups, after water from inside the samovar is added by using the tap. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：接下来，将浓缩茶倒入杯中，然后用水龙头从茶具里加水。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，作介词after的宾语，指事物，在“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句中只能用which引导。故填which。 17．Inspired, he asked his fans to make videos, he then joined together into one performance. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：受到鼓舞，他让他的粉丝制作视频，然后他把视频合并成一个表演。分析句子成分可知，videos作先行词，空格处应填非限制性定语从句的引导词，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应填关系代词which。故填which。 18． was announced in the newspaper, our country won 51 gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。据报纸上宣布，我国在第29届奥运会上获得51枚金牌。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为“我国在第29届奥运会上获得51枚金牌”这件事，在定语从句中作主语，且位于句首，所以用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句。故填As。 19．First of all, it is a good idea to go to work by bus or on foot instead of driving， can help to reduce the greenhouse effect. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：首先，乘公共汽车或步行去上班而不是开车上班是一个好主意，这可以帮助减少温室效应。分析句子可知，“　_______can help to reduce the greenhouse effect”是非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which，故填which。 20．The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of up to half will be from abroad. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。该定语从句的先行词为 about 100 students，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，此时指代表示人的先行词用whom。故填whom。 21．I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite. 【答案】when 【详解】考查关系副词。句意：直到五年级我才成为了一名严肃的攀登者，当时我爬上去营救一只风筝。根据句意可知填when引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the fifth grade “五年级”，且在从句中做时间状语。故填when。 22．I should say thanks to my dear friends, without help I wouldn’t have achieved such great success. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我应该感谢我亲爱的朋友们，没有他们的帮助，我就不会取得如此巨大的成功。非限制性定语从句的先行词friends，指人，在非限制性定语从句中关系代词作名词help的定语，所以要用关系代词whose，这里是介词+关系代词的结构。故填whose。 23．The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland, can be found in several parts of the world 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你可能最熟悉的主题公园是迪斯尼乐园，它可以在世界上好几个地方找到。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Disneyland，指物在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 24．Albert Einstein, is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Albert Einstein，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。 25． is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 【答案】As 【详解】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：我祖父喜欢谈论美好的旧时光,老人常如此。as引导的非限制性定语从句指代的是整个主句的内容，as可以表示“正如；正像”；根据语境可知，祖父谈论美好的旧时光，“正如”老人们常做的一样；as is often the case情况经常如此，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 26． is reported in the newspaper, the frequent school bus accidents have caused the whole country's concern. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如同报纸上报道的，频繁的校车事故引起了全国人民的关注。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，意为“如同；正如”，应用关系代词as。故填As。 27．Medicine should be kept out of children’s reach, is why he always puts it in the top drawer. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句中关系代词。句意：药物要放在孩子够不着的地方，这就是为什么他总是把药放在最上面的抽屉里。分析句子可知，逗号前后无连接词，由此判断设空处引导从句；从句对主句提到的事情起补充说明作用，是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代逗号前面的主句，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 28．He had a deep voice, set him apart from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他嗓音低沉，这让他在我们这个小镇上与众不同，且他强壮有力。分析句子可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子作定语从句的主语。故填which。 29．The United States is made up of fifty states, one of is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：美国由五十个州组成，其中一个州与其他州被太平洋隔开。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词fifty states，作介词of的宾语，故填which。 30．The book was written in 1946, since the education system has witnessed great changes. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这本书写于1946年，从那时起，教育制度发生了巨大的变化。since表示时间，意为“自……以来”，常与完成时态搭配，since when引导定语从句时，从句谓语也要用完成时态，本句用了has witnessed。这里since when作为定语从句修饰1946年，表示教育制度发生的变化是一直持续到现在的事情。故填when。 31．She climbed up to the top of the hill, from she could have a good view of the whole town. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她登上了山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“在山顶上”这一具体方位，所以用where引导该从句，相当于and from the top of the hill，所以空处要用where。 32．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在业余时间，他们对在自家屋顶上的菜园里种植蔬菜很感兴趣。本句为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容，所以用关系代词which引导，根据句意，故填which。 33．The key is to concentrate, helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘ calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind when I feel tense. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：关键是集中注意力，这对重复“冷静”、“平和”或“专注”等词很有帮助，当我感到紧张时，不管是大声朗读还是默念都可以。　　　　　 helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘ calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’是一个非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。根据句意，故填which。 34．The fastest way to learn is to have someone, has already mastered the language, check your writings. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：最快的学习方法是让已经掌握这门语言的人检查你的书写。根据句意可知，_____has already mastered the language修饰不定代词someone，所以这是非限定性定语从句；分析定语从句句子成分而可知，从句缺少主语，所以要用关系代词；先行词someone是指人的不定代词，故填who。 35．Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of stopped playing football completely. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：最后，我离开了足球队。另外四个女孩也这样做，其中两个完全停止踢足球。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Four other girls，指人，在从句中做介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 36．The sample, includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones. 【答案】which 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：该样本包含1,700克月球岩石和土壤，比以前的样本大。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the sample，指物所以用which引导，在定语从句中作主语。故填which。 37．Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31— works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：31岁的孙女盖尔·帕克斯与艾琳一起在家族生意工作。她说，谁提名艾琳获得这一奖项，目前还不得而知。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Gayle Parks”，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 38．Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to he made many careful plans for her future. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：很久以前，天空之王有一个可爱的女儿，他为她的未来做了许多仔细的计划。分析该句子结构可知，该句是由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为daughter, 指人，从句中作介词to的宾语，故此处用关系代词whom，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom。故填whom。 39．The ring was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(长出) through it. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：戒指被铺满了花园，一直放在那里，直到胡萝卜的叶顶意外地发芽了。空格处引导定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词the garden为地点，因此空格处用引导词where，故填where。 40．Owing to our efforts, our class won first prize in the end, we thought was the most significant gift for our school. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句连接词。句意：在我们的努力下，我们班最终拿到了一等奖。我们认为这是给我们学校送的最重要的礼物。分析句子，并根据空前的逗号可知，空处应使用which引导非限制性定语从句，we thought为插入成分，关系词在从句中作主语，指代前文整个句子。故填which。 二、完成句子 41．他是唯一知道老房子秘密的人，过去有许多故事发生在那里。 He is the only person ________________ of the old house, ________________ many stories happened in the past. 【答案】 to know the secrets where 【详解】第一空表示“知道秘密”短语为know the secrets，且名词person由the only修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语；第二空为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词house，在从句作地点状语，故用where。 42．它是美国最伟大的小说家之一马克·吐温写的。 It is written by Mark Twain, ______________________. 【答案】who is one of the greatest American novelists 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“美国最伟大的小说家之一”用one of the greatest American novelists，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mark Twain，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句；本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语who代替Mark Twain，be动词用is。故填who is one of the greatest American novelists。 43．我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 I have two foreign teachers, ________ ________ ________ are from America. 【答案】 both of whom 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“他们（两）都”应用both of whom，其中both of，表“两者都”，为固定搭配；whom指代先行词“two foreign teachers”，引导非限制性定语从句；both of whom与后文“are from America” 搭配可完整表达“他们都来自美国”，语法和语义均通顺。故填both of whom。 44．就我个人而言，我们也可以邀请一些专家给我们讲课，这可以让我们更好地了解野生动物。 As far as I am concerned, we can also invite some experts to give us lectures, ________________. 【答案】which can enable us to better understand wild animals 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子描述的事情，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。“让我们更好地了解野生动物”可翻译为 enable us to better understand wild animals，enable sb. to do sth. 为固定短语，意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填 which can enable us to better understand wild animals。 45．众所周知，随着人民生活水平的提高，汽车已经成为一种受欢迎的交通方式，为生活带来了巨大的便利。 As______ ______ ______ ______, with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, ______ ______ great convenience to our life. 【答案】 is known to all which brings 【详解】考查固定短语和非限定性定语从句。“As is known to all”是固定表达，意为“众所周知”，也可理解为as引导的非限定性定语从句；“为生活带来了巨大的便利”可处理为一个非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句，用关系代词which引导从句，从句谓语“带来”用动词bring，描述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语which指代前面整个句子描述的情况，谓语动词用单数形式。故填：is；known；to；all；which；brings。 46．调查显示，越来越多的人选择出国旅游。 ________________, more and more people choose to travel abroad. 【答案】As is indicated in the survey 【详解】考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”位于句首应用as，关系词指代后面的主句，在定语从句中作主语；表示“显示，表明”应用动词indicate，与主语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态；表示“在调查中”短语为in the survey。首字母大写。故填As is indicated in the survey。 47．他到达的当天便去拜访了他的老朋友。 He paid a visit to his old friend ____________. 【答案】the day he arrived 【详解】考查定语从句、时态。表示“当天，那天”用the day。表示“他到达的”用定语从句，定语从句中：表示“他”，用he，作主语；表示“到达”用arrive，根据paid和句意可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，从句谓语用过去式；先行词是the day，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when或用on which引导，当时间名词（如day，time，week，month，year等）作先行词，且定语从句中缺少时间状语时，常常可以省略关系副词when或on which。故填the day he arrived。 48．All of us should work out for half an hour every day, __________ _________ we can strengthen our body. 我们所有人都应该每天锻炼半小时，通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质。 【答案】 through which 【详解】考查定语从句。对比中英文可知，空处表示“通过锻炼”，且空处前后均为完整的句子，其中的“锻炼”指代前面提到的行为，因此可用介词through表示“通过”，和关系代词which搭配，引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的work out for half an hour every day作补充说明。故填through which。 49．Mr. King, ___________________________, was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生的双腿严重受伤, 被迅速送往了医院。 【答案】whose legs were badly hurt 【详解】考查定语从句。此处需要一个非限定性定语从句来对Mr. King进行补充说明，先行词是Mr. King，表示“某人的……”常用“whose + 名词”结构引导定语从句；表示“腿”的名词是legs；表示“严重受伤”用be badly injured，因句子表示的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时，从句主语legs是复数，be 动词用 were。故填 whose legs were badly injured。 50．Here are the questions, ____________________________. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。 【答案】some of which I think are difficult for you 【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。表示“其中一些我认为对你来说太难了”可以表述为定语从句；表示“我认为”用I think，作插入语；表示“……中的一些”用some of；先行词是questions，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which，构成“介词+which”引导的定语从句；表示“对某人来说很难”用be difficult for sb.，which指代的先行词questions为复数，结合前文的are可知句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，be动词用are；表示“你”用you，作for的宾语。故填some of which I think are difficult for you. 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chen Ning Yang, a famous Chinese physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away at the age of 103, according to Chinese media. He was known 1 one of the most influential scientists in the world. In 1957, Yang and another physicist, Tsung-Dao Lee, 2 (win) the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research on the law of parity. Their 3 (discover) helped people better understand elementary particles, the tiny parts that make up all matter. 4 (bear) in 1922 in Anhui Province, Yang was the eldest of five children. Growing up on the campus of Tsinghua University, 5 his father taught mathematics, he developed a deep love for science. As a teenager, Yang once told his parents, “One day, I want to win the Nobel Prize.” 6 (remarkable), this dream came true at the age of 35. 7 (earn) his bachelor’s degree in 1942 from the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming, Yang went on 8 (complete) a master’s degree at Tsinghua. After the Sino-Japanese War, he went to the United States on a Tsinghua fellowship 9 studied at the University of Chicago under Enrico Fermi, who built the world’s first nuclear reactor. Throughout his long career, Yang made 10 (contribution) to many fields of physics, focusing especially on statistical mechanics and symmetry principles. It was not only the Nobel Prize that honored him; in 1957, he received the Albert Einstein Commemorative Award, and a year later, an honorary doctorate from Princeton University — a clear recognition of his lifelong devotion to science. 【答案】 1．as 2．won 3．discovery 4．Born 5．where 6．Remarkably 7．Having earned 8．to complete 9．and； 10．contributions 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平、成就及其在物理学领域的重要贡献。 1．考查介词。句意：他被公认为世界上最有影响力的科学家之一。根据one of the most influential scientists in the world可知，句子表示他被公认为世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，“被公认为”是be known as，因此空格处是介词as“作为”，故填as。 2．考查时态。句意：1957年，杨振宁和另一位物理学家李政道因研究宇称定律而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。win作谓语动词，由“In 1957”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式won，故填won。 3．考查名词。句意：他们的发现帮助人们更好地理解基本粒子——构成所有物质的微小部分。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词Their可知，此处需要填入名词形式。discover的名词形式为discovery，且根据上文“for their research on the law of parity”可知此处指他们两人共同的研究发现，为单数概念，用单数形式。故填discovery。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：杨振宁于1922年出生在安徽省，是五个孩子中的长子。本句已有谓语动词was，空格处为非谓语动词，Yang与bear之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，bear的过去分词为born，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Born。 5．考查定语从句。句意：他在清华大学的校园里长大，他的父亲在那里教授数学课。在那里度过的时光培养了他对科学的浓厚兴趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Tsinghua University，在从句中作地点状语，此从句用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．考查副词。句意：令人瞩目的是，这个梦想在他35岁时成为了现实。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。remarkable的副词形式为remarkably，表示“令人瞩目地，显著地”。句首单词首字母需大写。故填Remarkably。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：1942年，杨振宁在昆明的西南联大获得学士学位后，又继续在清华大学取得了硕士学位。本句已有谓语动词went on，空格处为非谓语动词，Yang与earn之间是主动关系，且earn的动作发生在went on之前，应用现在分词的完成式having earned，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Having earned。 8．考查不定式。句意：1942年，杨振宁在昆明国立西南联合大学获得学士学位后，继续在清华大学攻读硕士学位。此处指获得学士学位后继续在清华大学攻读硕士学位，表示“（做完一件事后）接着做另一件事 ”，用固定短语go on to do，意为“继续做另一件事”，因此空格处用不定式to complete，故填to complete。 9．考查连词。句意：抗日战争结束后，他凭借清华大学的奖学金前往美国，并在恩里科·费米的指导下在芝加哥大学学习，恩里科·费米建造了世界上第一座核反应堆。空格处连接两个并列的谓语动词went和studied，表顺承关系，应用连词and。故填and。 10．考查名词的复数。句意：在他漫长的职业生涯中，杨振宁对物理学的许多领域都做出了贡献，特别是统计力学和对称性原理。contribution是可数名词，由to many fields of physics可知，空格处用复数，故填contributions。 （25-26高二上·湖北·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dr. Jane Goodall, an outstanding primatologist (灵长类动物学家), was well-known for her pioneering work that transformed our understanding of animal 1 (behave). With no formal training, this remarkable woman began her groundbreaking research in the rainforests of Tanzania. Her most famous observation was that chimpanzees not only used but actually made tools—they would select long pieces of grass and 2 (skillful) insert them into termite nests to “fish” for insects. This revolutionary discovery fundamentally reshaped 3 scientists viewed the boundary between humans and animals, challenging long-established beliefs in the scientific community. 4 (like) conventional researchers who maintained strict objectivity, Goodall named the chimpanzees she studied, 5 practice rarely acceptable at the time. She said they had complex emotions and distinct personalities, 6 (draw) considerable criticism from some peers who questioned her discovery. Yet her approach, 7 (root) in heartfelt connection and careful observation, revealed profound insights into chimpanzee society. Despite her extraordinary achievements and the opposition she initially faced, Goodall remained consistently cheerful. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she later launched the global youth program, 8 goal was to encourage young people worldwide to engage in environmental conservation. She emphasized that the 9 (critical) issue of all was to educate people and develop a deeper respect for all living creatures. Her enduring legacy continues to inspire us and serves as a powerful reminder that meaningful change often 10 (begin) with a single curious mind. 【答案】 1．behavior/behaviour 2．skillfully 3．how 4．Unlike 5．a 6．drawing 7．rooted 8．whose 9．most critical 10．begins 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了灵长类动物学家珍·古道尔突破性研究，她发现黑猩猩会制造工具，挑战了人类与动物界限的传统认知。尽管受到质疑，她仍坚持观察，并通过基金会推动环保教育，倡导尊重生命，其精神激励后人。 1．考查名词。句意：珍·古道尔博士是一位杰出的灵长类动物学家，她以开创性的工作而闻名，这些工作改变了我们对动物行为的理解。空处需填名词作介词of的宾语，behave的名词形式为behavior或behaviour，意为“行为”，此处表示不可数意义。故填behavior/behaviour。 2．考查副词。句意：她最著名的观察结果是黑猩猩不仅会使用工具，而且实际上还会制造工具——它们会选择长草，熟练地将它们插入白蚁巢穴中“钓”昆虫。空处需填副词作状语，修饰动词insert，skillful的副词形式是skillfully，意为“熟练地”。故填skillfully。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：这一革命性的发现从根本上重塑了科学家对人类和动物之间界限的看法，挑战了科学界长期以来的既定信念。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，需用连接副词how引导。故填how。 4．考查介词。句意：与那些保持严格客观性的传统研究人员不同，古道尔给她研究的黑猩猩起了名字，这在当时是很少被接受的。空处需填介词，表示“与……不同”，unlike意为“与……不同”，是介词，置于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unlike。 5．考查冠词。句意：与那些保持严格客观性的传统研究人员不同，古道尔给她研究的黑猩猩起了名字，这在当时是很少被接受的。practice意为“做法，惯例”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且practice发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：她说它们有复杂的情感和独特的个性，这引起了一些同行的大量批评，他们质疑她的发现。该句中已有谓语动词said，空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，需用现在分词形式。故填drawing。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，她的方法植根于发自内心的联系和仔细的观察，揭示了对黑猩猩社会的深刻见解。该句中已有谓语动词revealed，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词approach，be rooted in为固定短语，意为“植根于”，此处需用过去分词形式。故填rooted。 8．考查定语从句。句意：通过珍·古道尔研究所，她后来发起了全球青年项目，其目标是鼓励全世界的年轻人参与环境保护。空处引导定语从句，先行词是program，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：她强调，最关键的问题是教育人们，培养对所有生物的更深层次的尊重。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词issue，根据of all可知，此处表示三者及以上的比较，需用形容词最高级形式。故填most critical。 10．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：她留下的持久遗产继续激励着我们，并有力地提醒我们，有意义的改变往往始于一个好奇的头脑。空处为that引导同位语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的continues可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语change是不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填begins。 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二上·贵州六盘水·期中）Wu Mingzhu, a female melon breeding expert and founder of Xinjiang melon quality improvement, was born on January 3, 1930, in Wuhan, Hubei. As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding. After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College’s Horticulture Department in 1953, Wu worked at Chongqing’s Southwest Agricultural and Forestry Bureau. She then served in the Southwest Office of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1954 to 1955. Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward, holding roles like secretary of the Rural Work Department, agricultural technology station director, and agricultural school vice principal. From 1975 to 1985, she took leading positions including Turpan Prefecture Science and Technology Commission director and CPC Turpan Prefectural Committee member. In 1985, she resigned from leadership to focus on research at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Horticultural Crops Institute. Her efforts earned her election as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999. In 2005, she became Honorary Director of Shanghai Jiading’s Hami Melon Research Department. Wu pioneered the collection of Xinjiang’s local melon resources, saving endangered varieties. She also established an innovative technical system for melon breeding and soilless culture. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The history of Xinjiang’s melon industry. B．The development of Hami Melon Research Center. C．The job of the Chinese Academy of Engineering members. D．The basic information of melon expert Wu Mingzhu. 2．When did Wu Mingzhu volunteer to work in Turpan? A．1956. B．1954. C．1953. D．1975. 3．What did Wu become after resigning in 1985? A．Deputy director of a Science Commission. B．Researcher at Xinjiang’s Horticultural Institute. C．Vice principal of Turpan Agricultural School. D．Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. 4．Which of the following words best describes Wu Mingzhu? A．Patient. B．Curious. C．Devoted. D．Humorous. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了甜瓜育种专家吴明珠的生平履历、工作经历及在甜瓜研究领域的贡献。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Wu Mingzhu, a female melon breeding expert and founder of Xinjiang melon quality improvement, was born on January 3, 1930, in Wuhan, Hubei. As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding.(吴明珠，女，甜瓜育种专家，新疆甜瓜品质改良创始人，1930年1月3日生于湖北武汉。作为一名敬业的科学家，她是中国工程院院士、新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心研究员，毕生致力于甜瓜育种工作)”可知，第一段主要介绍了甜瓜专家吴明珠的基本信息，包括身份、出生日期、任职单位及毕生事业。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She then served in the Southwest Office of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1954 to 1955. Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward,(1954年至1955年，她在中共中央农村工作部西南办事处任职。之后，为推动偏远地区农业发展，她主动请缨到新疆吐鲁番地区工作)”可知，吴明珠1954-1955年在中共中央农村工作部西南办事处任职，之后的1956年主动请缨去吐鲁番工作。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1985, she resigned from leadership to focus on research at Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences’ Horticultural Crops Institute.(1985年，她辞去领导职务，专注于新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所的研究工作)”可知，吴明珠1985年辞职后，成为新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所的研究员。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As a dedicated scientist, she is a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Hami Melon Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, devoting her life to melon breeding.(作为一名敬业的科学家，她是中国工程院院士、新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心研究员，毕生致力于甜瓜育种工作)”、第二段中的“Determined to boost remote agricultural development, she volunteered to work in Xinjiang’s Turpan area afterward,(之后，为推动偏远地区农业发展，她主动请缨到新疆吐鲁番地区工作)”以及第四段中的“Wu pioneered the collection of Xinjiang’s local melon resources, saving endangered varieties. She also established an innovative technical system for melon breeding and soilless culture.(吴明珠率先开展新疆地方甜瓜资源收集工作，挽救了濒危品种。她还建立了甜瓜育种与无土栽培创新技术体系)”可知，吴明珠毕生奉献于甜瓜育种事业，主动到偏远地区工作，为行业作出巨大贡献，“Devoted”（敬业的、忠诚的）最能形容她。故选C项。 （25-26高二上·安徽·期中）Katherine Johnson, a hero to American space travel and exploration, was born on Aug. 26, 1918, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Her genius for math and science was evident early and her parents arranged for her and her siblings’ education to be a priority. Katherine graduated from high school at only 14 and attended West Virginia State College, a historically Black college. When West Virginia decided to quietly integrate its graduate schools in 1939, West Virginia State’s president, Dr. John W. Davis, selected her and two men to be the first Black students offered spots at the state’s flagship school, West Virginia University. In 1953, in a time of racial separation, she started a job as a human “computer” with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later developed into NASA．She worked in the West Area Computing section at Langley Research Center on a team headed by fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan. This turned into a long-term position and set the course for Katherine’s role in space exploration. In 1960, she and engineer Ted Skopinski coauthored Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position, a report laying out the equations (方程式) describing an orbital spaceflight in which the landing position of the spacecraft is specified. It was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division had received credit as an author of a research report. Her expertise was key to John Glenn’s orbit around Earth in 1962, with Glenn putting much of his confidence in Katherine to make the mission a success. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to “get the girl” — Johnson — to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine. “If she says they’re good,” Katherine Johnson remembered the astronaut saying, “then I’m ready to go.” 1．What can we learn about Katherine Johnson’s life experience? A．Her parents attached great importance to her education. B．She was the only Black student to enter West Virginia University in 1939. C．She took the lead of the West Area Computing section. D．She joined the NACA organization after NASA had been established. 2．Why does the writer quote (引用) John Glenn’s words in the last paragraph? A．To explain Johnson’s hand calculation (计算) was tough. B．To highlight John Glenn was a strict mission leader. C．To prove Johnson’s hand calculations were reliable. D．To illustrate the computer’s data was not trustworthy. 3．Which of the following can best describe Katherine Johnson? A．Modest and sociable. B．Talented and hardworking. C．Stubborn and ambitious. D．Considerate and cooperative. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Katherine Johnson: A Lifetime of Educational Pursuits B．The Story of a “Computer”: Katherine Johnson’s Early Life at NASA C．Katherine Johnson: A Pioneering Force in Space Exploration D．Mathematics: The Key to John Glenn’s Historic Space Flight 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了女性航空航天科学家凯瑟琳的职业生涯和相关事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her genius for math and science was evident early and her parents arranged for her and her siblings’ education to be a priority.(她从小便展现出在数学和科学方面的天赋，她的父母也高度重视她的教育以及她兄弟姐妹们的教育)”可知，凯瑟琳的父母高度重视她的教育。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her expertise was key to John Glenn’s orbit around Earth in 1922, with Glenn putting much of his confidence in Katherine to make the mission a success. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to “get the girl” — Johnson — to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.(她的专业知识对约翰·格伦 1922 年环绕地球飞行起到了关键作用。格伦对凯瑟琳寄予厚望，希望她能确保这次任务取得成功。在飞行前的检查清单中，格伦要求工程师们“找那个女孩”——即约翰逊——让她按照预先输入到计算机中的相同公式和数据，在她手边的机械计算机上进行计算)”可知，在格伦太空飞行之前，他要求凯瑟琳手动复算电脑数据，因此作者在最后一段引用了约翰·格伦的话是为了证明约翰逊的手算是可靠的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Her genius for math and science was evident early and her parents arranged for her and her siblings’ education to be a priority.(她从小便展现出在数学和科学方面的天赋，她的父母也高度重视她的教育以及她兄弟姐妹们的教育)”可知，她是有才能的（talented），根据最后一段“Her expertise was key to John Glenn’s orbit around Earth in 1962, with Glenn putting much of his confidence in Katherine to make the mission a success. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to “get the girl” — Johnson — to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.(她的专业知识对约翰·格伦 1962 年环绕地球飞行起到了关键作用。格伦对凯瑟琳寄予厚望，希望她能确保这次任务取得成功。在飞行前的检查清单中，格伦要求工程师们“请那位女孩来核算”——即约翰逊——让她按照预先输入到计算机中的相同公式和数据，在她手边的机械计算机上进行计算)”可知，她是勤奋的（diligent）。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“In 1953, in a time of racial separation, she started a job as a human “computer” with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later developed into NASA．She worked in the West Area Computing section at Langley Research Center on a team headed by fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan. This turned into a long-term position and set the course for Katherine’s role in space exploration.(1953年，在种族隔离时期，她开始在国家航空咨询委员会（NACA）担任人类 “计算机” 的工作，后来该机构发展成为了NASA。她在兰利研究中心的西部计算部门工作，所在的团队由同样来自西弗吉尼亚州的多萝西·沃恩领导。这份工作成为了一项长期职位，并为凯瑟琳在太空探索中的角色奠定了基础)”可知，文章主要介绍了女性航空航天科学家凯瑟琳的职业生涯和相关事迹，C选项“凯瑟琳·约翰逊：太空探索领域的先锋力量”可作为最好的题目，故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $