Unit 5 Working the Land（重难词汇精练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“Working the Land”单元重难词汇，构建“基础巩固-语境应用”双阶训练体系，强化词汇在不同语言情境中的精准运用，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|6类（词性转换等）|聚焦构词法、固定搭配及语法应用，如词性转换从动词派生词（devote→devotion）到多词性变化（depth→deep→deepen）|以单元核心词汇为原点，通过“词性-短语-单句”层层递进，构建词汇网络，夯实语言基础| |词汇语境练|2类（语法填空、写作）|语篇填空结合袁隆平事迹，写作要求创建人物词条，考查词汇在真实语境中的综合运用|从孤立词汇到语篇输出，实现“输入-内化-输出”闭环，培养思维品质与跨文化表达能力|

Unit 5 Working the Land重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→ n．献身；忠诚；热爱 2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→ adj.有说服力的；使人信服的 → adj.确信的；坚信的 3． assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→ v．假定；设想 → conj.假定；假设 4．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→ vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝 → n．消费者；用户；客户 5．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→ n．盐 6．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→ vt.伸开；展开；延伸 7．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→ n．化学 8．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 → n．营养；滋养 9．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→ adj.深的→ vt.加深；(使)变深题型二、核心短语 1. _______________________　　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 2. _______________________ 包括; 由……组成(或构成)  3. _______________________ 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上  4. _______________________ 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流  5. _______________________ 例如; 比如  6. _______________________ 转向  7. _______________________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)  8. _______________________ 扩大成/发展成为……  9. _______________________通过不懈的努力 10. _______________________ 几乎相反, 远非; 远离  题型三、重点单词 1. _______________________　　 n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺 2. _______________________ vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 3. _______________________ n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实 4. _______________________ vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服 5. _______________________ n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得 6. _______________________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到 7. _______________________ vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜 8. _______________________ adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的 9. _______________________ vt. 产生; 引起 10. _______________________ adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The dark, rainy evenings, the wind, the thundering clouds held me (entire) in their power. 2．On the (assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council, I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. 3．Dreams are rather important, but we should also face the (real) bravely. 4．“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not (convince) that food is one of them,” she says. 5．The (extend) of the subway line to the airport will greatly reduce traveling time for citizens. 6．Most ordinary people in Iraq are living in (poor) and panic now. In other words, their basic rights aren’t guaranteed. 7．I know what a mother’s (devote) to her children means. 8．I tried something new such as a dance class and a walking club. In addition, I tried to eat more (nutrition) food. 9． (celebrity) often post about the importance of privacy while simultaneously sharing every detail of their daily lives with millions of followers. 10．After graduating from college, Jing Ran, a young entrepreneur, was determined to devote his life to solving a pressing social challenge rather than pursue a (convention) career. 11．Now, he says that (overcome) the initial anxiety was a valuable lesson in self-growth. 12．It took longer than expected, they faced a (short) of food and one of the ships was leaking badly. 13．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China (comprise) of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 14．It is essential that every applicant (fill) out the form completely. 15．In recent decades, the world has faced various global (crisis), such as financial problems and public health emergencies. （所给词的适当形式填空） 16．They think Ozone(臭氧) in the air is keeping bees and other (pollinate) from smelling the flowers. 17．Of that, 45% is consumed (domestical) and the same amount exported to Japan. 18．Victims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive (mineral). 19． (essential) speaking, gifting red envelopes is acceptable. 20．I want to illustrate my points from the following three (aspect). 21．The (alleviate) of poverty requires the efforts of the whole world. 22．There has been a significant (boost) in crop yields since the introduction of new farming techniques. 23．When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be (attain) but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. 24．The soup is too (salt) and you’d better add some more water to it. 25．He has a delicate (digest) and cannot eat oily food. 题型五、单词拼写 26．As a housewife, my mother usually cares about how much money my father can earn, and which _____ (杂货店) store has cheaper eggs. 27．They have __________(克服) many difficulties to stand on the stage again. 28．Wind turbines are used to ________ (产生) electricity in an environmentally friendly way. 29．Factories must stop pouring ________ (化学的) waste into rivers. 30．We need to prepare an ___________ (可替代的) plan for bad weather. 31．__________ (闲暇) time allows us to relax ourselves and do things we truly enjoy. 32．You should chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly to help the body __________ (消化) it better. 33．__________ (贫困) is a complex issue that cannot be solved by money alone. 34．Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than ________ (传统的) ones. 35．Now list all the________ (特征) you like about yourself. 36．Recent studies ________ (表明) that climate change is becoming a major threat to food security. 37．We need to develop ________ (可持续的) farming methods to protect the land for future generations. 38．The UN is calling for more international efforts to ________ (减轻) the hunger crisis in that region. 39．The school organized a lecture to help students deal with the psychological ______ (危机) during the exam period. 40．A vast underground shelter built during World War II has been turned into an  ________  (城市的) farm. 题型六、完成句子 41．事故的起因是未知的。 ________ ________ ________ ________ remains unknown. 42．相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 These frogs, _______ ________, live on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 43．Smartphones____________ take up our valuable time, ____________ do great harm to our health. 智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非常有害于我们的身体健康。 44．据估计，释放到大气中的甲烷有25%来自农场动物。 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 25% of all methane that released into the atmosphere came from farm animals. 45．这份职业最吸引我的是有机会出国深造。 ______ ______ ______ ______ to this profession is the opportunity to study abroad for further education. 46．我们应该知道的是生活是充满欢笑和泪水的。 ____ ____ ____ ____ is that life is full of laughter and tears. 47．____________________ next week is being discussed. 我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。 48．____________________ the chance of studying abroad is unknown. 他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。 49．然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 However, ______ ______ ______ ______ to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 50．历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了第一代杂交水稻。 ______ ______ ______, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二上·贵州铜仁·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Celebrate Selfless Spirit Although May 24 was a working day, thousands of people wearing black went to the Mingyangshan Funeral Home in Hunan province for a funeral service at 10 am to present bouquets and bunches of rice plants to honor Yuan Longping, a top rice scientist, known 1 the “father of hybrid rice”. 2 (raise) in an era of war and famine, Yuan witnessed the despair of people who lost the land they lived on. Tough and exhausting 3 it would be, Yuan was determined to study agriculture when he applied for university. He said: “Having enough food was people’s utmost priority,” noted People’s Daily. To relieve the global suffering, Yuan began researching hybrid rice in 1964 and succeeded in cultivating the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, after 4 he significantly increased the China’s average output to 7.5 tons per hectare, while globally it was 4.61 tons. More importantly, he was selfless when it came to 5 (share) his research to benefit people globally. To date, his hybrid rice strain 6 (cultivate) in large areas of India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, the US and Brazil. Hybrid rice seeds are being planted on 4.5 million hectares of land in Asian rice-producing countries, excluding China. “Professor Yuan was incredibly humble, focusing only on hard work and results that could help alleviate poverty and lift people out of hunger 7 seeking fame or adulation,” Kenneth M. Quinn, president emeritus of the World Food Prize Foundation, told China Daily. Yuan could make such achievements partly 8 he believed in the power of science as a harvest multiplier, noted People’s Daily. Using research and trials at his national center, Yuan continued to produce increasingly higher-yielding super-hybrid plants, 9 panicles (稻穗) were so full of grain that they bent, 10 there were a waterfall of rice throughout the field. To observe his plants closely, Yuan spent more time in a field than in an office, just as farmers did. Quinn said the scientist maintained a “down-to-earth” attitude. 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或使用括号中单词的正确形式。 Along the southern edge of the Maowusu Desert, an apple harvest is in full swing. Farmers move through trees, their baskets filling with fruit that shines in the warm autumn light. It’s 1 scene of abundance (丰盛) that would have been unthinkable just twenty years ago. The transformation is part of a quiet agricultural revolution — the northward march of Shaanxi’s apple belt, extending hundreds of kilometers into 2 was once an unyielding desert. Shaanxi’s traditional apple-growing areas were concentrated in the area north of the Weihe River. In recent years, the planting zone 3 (expand) northward all the way to the Maowusu Desert, which means one in every four apples 4 (harvest) in China now comes from Shaanxi. The story of this expansion is written in the weathered face of 85-year-old Zhang Binggui. In 2003, after retiring, he rented sandy land in Yulin, determined 5 (make) something grow. His early experiments with grapes and date trees ended in 6 (fail), drawing laughter from neighbors. However, Zhang’s perseverance led him to shift his focus 7 apples. Through years of trial and error, today, he, 8 (eventual) pioneered techniques for sandy soil, increased sales through e-commerce 9 brought their sandy land apples to the national market. This northward march is also a story written by the changing climate. Between 2010 and 2024, the city’s average yearly rainfall rose. Once known for its vast 10 (stretch) of shifting dunes (沙丘), the Maowusu Desert is now turning green. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·四川广安·阶段检测）百度百科打算创建英文版的百度人物词条，请你结合以下信息，为袁隆平编写词条。 姓名：袁隆平 爱好：听音乐，游泳 职业：科学家 生活态度：生活简朴，淡泊名利 生卒年：1930年—2021年 毕业院校：西南农学院（现西南大学） 成就：（1）提高水稻产量，消除世界饥饿 （2）杂交水稻之父 注意： 1. 词数100左右；2.适当表达个人看法。 参考词汇：西南农学院 Southwest Agricultural College；杂交水稻之父Father of Hybrid Rice； 名利fame and wealth；毕业于graduate from；去世pass away；农业研究agricultural research；先驱pioneer ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Working the Land重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n．献身；忠诚；热爱 2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 3．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assume v．假定；设想→assuming conj.假定；假设 4．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户 5．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 6．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸 7．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学 8．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养 9．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deepen vt.加深；(使)变深 题型二、核心短语 1. devote. . . to　　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 2. be comprised of 包括; 由……组成(或构成)  3. deep down 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上  4. in turn 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流  5. for instance 例如; 比如  6. turn to 转向  7. keep. . . from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等)  8. expand into. . . 扩大成/发展成为……  9. through intense effort 通过不懈的努力 10. far from 几乎相反, 远非; 远离  题型三、重点单词 1. shortage　　 n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺 2. tackle vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 3. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实 4. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服 5. assumption n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得 6. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到 7. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜 8. intense adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的 9. generate vt. 产生; 引起 10. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The dark, rainy evenings, the wind, the thundering clouds held me (entire) in their power. 【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：漆黑的雨夜、狂风、雷鸣般的乌云把我完全控制住了。空处修饰动词held，因此用副词entirely，意为“完全”，作状语。 2．On the (assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council, I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. 【答案】assumption 【详解】句意：假设我被选为学生会主席，我将会组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动，以丰富我们的校园生活。作宾语，用名词assumption。 3．Dreams are rather important, but we should also face the (real) bravely. 【答案】reality 【详解】句意：梦想固然重要，但我们也应勇敢面对现实。空处作宾语，需填名词reality。 4．“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not (convince) that food is one of them,” she says. 【答案】convinced 【详解】句意：育儿中有很多事情值得好好沟通，但我并不认为饮食是其中之一。此处系动词am后需接形容词作表语，convince是动词，其形容词形式convinced表示“信服的、确信的”。 5．The (extend) of the subway line to the airport will greatly reduce traveling time for citizens. 【答案】extension 【详解】句意：地铁线路延伸至机场将大大缩短市民的出行时间。此处作主语，需填名词；动词extend的名词形式为extension，表示“延伸、扩建部分”。 6．Most ordinary people in Iraq are living in (poor) and panic now. In other words, their basic rights aren’t guaranteed. 【答案】poverty 【详解】句意：如今，伊拉克的大多数普通民众都处于贫困和恐慌之中。换句话说，他们的基本权利并未得到保障。作介词的宾语，用名词poverty“贫困”。 7．I know what a mother’s (devote) to her children means. 【答案】devotion 【详解】句意：我深知一位母亲对孩子的无私奉献意味着什么。此处作从句的主语，用名词devotion。 8．I tried something new such as a dance class and a walking club. In addition, I tried to eat more (nutrition) food. 【答案】nutritious 【详解】句意：我尝试了一些新活动，比如舞蹈课和健走俱乐部。此外，我尽量多吃有营养的食物。修饰名词food，要用形容词作定语；名词nutrition（营养）其形容词为nutritious（有营养的）。 9． (celebrity) often post about the importance of privacy while simultaneously sharing every detail of their daily lives with millions of followers. 【答案】Celebrities 【详解】考查名词。句意：名人经常在发布关于隐私重要性的帖子，同时又与数百万粉丝分享他们日常生活的每一个细节。可数名词celebrity意为“名人”，作主语，根据句意和谓语动词post形式可知，应用复数形式celebrities，表泛指；句首单词首字母大写。故填Celebrities。 10．After graduating from college, Jing Ran, a young entrepreneur, was determined to devote his life to solving a pressing social challenge rather than pursue a (convention) career. 【答案】conventional 【详解】句意：大学毕业后，年轻的企业家景然决心毕生致力于解决紧迫的社会挑战，而不是追求传统职业。此处作定语，修饰名词career，应为形容词conventional“传统的”。 11．Now, he says that (overcome) the initial anxiety was a valuable lesson in self-growth. 【答案】overcoming 【详解】句意：现在，他说克服最初的焦虑是自我成长中宝贵的一课。此处位于宾语从句中，从句缺少主语，动词不能直接作主语，需用动名词形式overcoming。 12．It took longer than expected, they faced a (short) of food and one of the ships was leaking badly. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：这比预期的时间要长，他们面临食物短缺，其中一艘船严重漏水。根据空前的冠词a可知，空处应填名词作宾语，short的名词形式是shortage，表示“短缺”。故填shortage。 13．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China (comprise) of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 【答案】is comprised 【详解】考查动词的语态。句意：如今，据估计中国国内大米消费量的约60%是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种产出的粮食构成的。that引导的主语从句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption为单数概念，且与动词comprise“包括，包含”之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is comprised。 14．It is essential that every applicant (fill) out the form completely. 【答案】should fill/fill 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：每位申请者都必须完整填写表格，这一点至关重要。句型“It is essential that...”用于强调某件事情的重要性或必要性。在该句型中，that引导的从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为“(should) + 动词原形”。故填should fill/ fill。 15．In recent decades, the world has faced various global (crisis), such as financial problems and public health emergencies. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】crises 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：近几十年来，世界面临着各种全球性危机，如金融问题和突发公共卫生事件。crisis“危机”是可数名词，被various修饰，应用其复数形式crises，作face的宾语。故填crises。 16．They think Ozone(臭氧) in the air is keeping bees and other (pollinate) from smelling the flowers. 【答案】pollinators 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：他们认为空气中的臭氧阻碍蜜蜂和其他授粉者闻到花朵的气味。pollinate是动词，意为“授粉”，根据语境这里需用表示“授粉者”的名词pollinator，且bees用复数，与之并列的pollinator也应用复数pollinators在句中作from的宾语。故填pollinators。 17．Of that, 45% is consumed (domestical) and the same amount exported to Japan. 【答案】domestically 【详解】考查副词。句意：其中，45% 在国内消费，同样数量出口到日本。句中consumed是动词，需用副词来修饰，domestical是形容词，其副词形式为domestically，意为“在国内；国内地”，在句中作状语。故填domestically。 18．Victims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive (mineral). 【答案】minerals. 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：受害者可能会接触到有毒或放射性矿物质。mineral是可数名词，意为“矿物质”。结合语境，受害者可能接触到多种有毒或放射性矿物质，所以用复数形式minerals作宾语。故填minerals。 19． (essential) speaking, gifting red envelopes is acceptable. 【答案】Essentially 【详解】考查副词。句意：从本质上说，发红包是可以接受的。essentially speaking为固定表达，意为“从本质上说”，副词essentially作状语修饰动词，首字母大写。故填Essentially。 20．I want to illustrate my points from the following three (aspect). 【答案】aspects 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我想从以下三个方面来阐述我的观点。根据空前three可知，空处需用可数名词的复数形式；“aspect”意为“方面”，是可数名词，其复数形式为“aspects”。故填aspects。 21．The (alleviate) of poverty requires the efforts of the whole world. 【答案】alleviation 【详解】考查名词。句意：缓解贫困需要全世界的努力。根据空前“The”和空后“of poverty”可知，空处需用名词作主语，alleviate的名词为alleviation“缓解”，不可数名词，符合题意。故填alleviation。 22．There has been a significant (boost) in crop yields since the introduction of new farming techniques. 【答案】boost 【详解】考查名词。句意：自从引入新的农业技术以来，作物产量有了显著提高。根据前文There has been a可知，使用名词单数boost作主语。故填boost。 23．When setting goals, whether they’re academic, career, or personal, remember they should be (attain) but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. 【答案】attainable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在设定目标时，无论是学术、职业还是个人目标，都要记住它们应该是可以实现的，但不要太容易，这样你就真的必须推动自己去实现它们，并在实现时感到回报。形容词attainable (可以实现的、可达到的)作表语。故填attainable。 24．The soup is too (salt) and you’d better add some more water to it. 【答案】salty 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这汤太咸了，你最好再加点水。空处作表语，结合“you’d better add some more water to it”可知，应用salt的形容词形式salty，意为“咸的”。故填salty。 25．He has a delicate (digest) and cannot eat oily food. 【答案】digestion 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的消化系统很脆弱，不能吃油腻的食物。此处应用名词digestion作宾语，表示“消化系统”，为可数名词，由a可知，应用单数，故填digestion。 题型五、单词拼写 26．As a housewife, my mother usually cares about how much money my father can earn, and which _____ (杂货店) store has cheaper eggs. 【答案】grocery 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个家庭主妇，我的母亲通常关心我的父亲能挣多少钱，哪家的杂货店有更便宜的鸡蛋。此处“杂货店”为grocery，故填grocery。 27．They have __________(克服) many difficulties to stand on the stage again. 【答案】overcome 【详解】考查动词。overcome difficulties克服困难，overcome的过去分词是原形。故填overcome。 28．Wind turbines are used to ________ (产生) electricity in an environmentally friendly way. 【答案】generate 【详解】句意：风力涡轮机被用来以环保的方式发电。根据提示的汉语，此处表示“产生”可用动词generate，此处用于不定式to后，用动词原形generate。 29．Factories must stop pouring ________ (化学的) waste into rivers. 【答案】chemical 【详解】句意：工厂必须停止将化学废料排入河流。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词chemical“化学的”作定语修饰waste。 30．We need to prepare an ___________ (可替代的) plan for bad weather. 【答案】alternative 【详解】句意：我们需要为恶劣天气准备一个可替代的方案。“可替代的”alternative为形容词，修饰名词plan作定语，且空前有不定冠词an，alternative以元音音素开头，符合用法。 31．__________ (闲暇) time allows us to relax ourselves and do things we truly enjoy. 【答案】Leisure 【详解】句意：闲暇时间能让我们放松自我，做自己真正喜欢的事情。 此处修饰名词time，表示“闲暇”使用名词leisure作定语，句首首字母需大写。 32．You should chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly to help the body __________ (消化) it better. 【答案】digest 【详解】句意：你应该细嚼慢咽，帮助身体更好地消化食物。 此处为“help sb./sth. + 动词原形”结构，“消化”对应的动词为 digest。 33．__________ (贫困) is a complex issue that cannot be solved by money alone. 【答案】Poverty 【详解】句意：贫困是一个复杂的问题，单靠金钱是无法解决的。空格处用名词作主语，“贫困”是poverty，是不可数名词，位于句首，首字母大写。 34．Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than ________ (传统的) ones. 【答案】conventional 【详解】句意：有机果蔬通常比传统果蔬价格更高。“传统的”是conventional，形容词，在句中作定语。 35．Now list all the________ (特征) you like about yourself. 【答案】characteristics 【详解】句意：现在列出你对自己所有喜欢的特质。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为复数名词characteristics“特征”作宾语，满足句意要求。 36．Recent studies ________ (表明) that climate change is becoming a major threat to food security. 【答案】indicate 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：近期的研究表明，气候变化正成为威胁粮食安全的一大因素。“表明”是indicate，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Recent studies是复数，因此空格处用原形，故填indicate。 37．We need to develop ________ (可持续的) farming methods to protect the land for future generations. 【答案】sustainable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们需要开发可持续的农业方法，为子孙后代保护好土地。根据汉语提示可知用形容词sustainable，作定语修饰名词短语 farming methods。故填sustainable。 38．The UN is calling for more international efforts to ________ (减轻) the hunger crisis in that region. 【答案】alleviate 【详解】考查不定式。句意：联合国呼吁国际社会加大努力，以缓解该地区面临的饥饿危机。efforts后用不定式作后置定语，空格处用原形，“减轻”的动词是alleviate，故填alleviate。 39．The school organized a lecture to help students deal with the psychological ______ (危机) during the exam period. 【答案】crisis 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校组织了一场讲座，以帮助学生应对考试期间的心理危机。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“危机”以及空前的形容词psychological可知，应用名词crisis；结合语境可知，此处可表示泛指的“心理危机”，用单数形式即可，符合“学校开展讲座帮助学生解决考试心理问题”的语境。故填crisis。 40．A vast underground shelter built during World War II has been turned into an  ________  (城市的) farm. 【答案】urban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个在二战期间建造的大型地下掩体已被改造成一个城市农场。根据汉语提示“城市的”、空前冠词“an”及空后名词“farm”可知，此空应是形容词urban，作定语。故填urban。 题型六、完成句子 41．事故的起因是未知的。 ________ ________ ________ ________ remains unknown. 【答案】 What caused the accident 【详解】“事故的起因”为what引导的主语从句，what作主语，翻译为What caused the accident，陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。首字母大写。 42．相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 These frogs, _______ ________, live on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 【答案】 in turn 【详解】考查介词短语。“相应地”在句中作状语，用介词短语in turn。故填in；turn。 43．Smartphones____________ take up our valuable time, ____________ do great harm to our health. 智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且非常有害于我们的身体健康。 【答案】 not only but also 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为固定句型not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”，满足句意要求。故分别填not only；but also。 44．据估计，释放到大气中的甲烷有25%来自农场动物。 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 25% of all methane that released into the atmosphere came from farm animals. 【答案】 It is estimated that 【详解】考查固定句型。空处描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，“估计”使用动词estimate，“据估计”使用固定句型It is estimated that，It是形式主语，that引导主语从句，故填①It；②is；③estimated；④that。 45．这份职业最吸引我的是有机会出国深造。 ______ ______ ______ ______ to this profession is the opportunity to study abroad for further education. 【答案】 What attracts me most 【详解】考查主语从句。根据句意以及主句中的谓语动词is可知，此处应使用一般现在时，表示“最吸引我的”可以用what引导的名词性从句what attracts me most表示，连接代词在从句中作主语，意义为“……的事物”，位于句首，句首单词首字母需大写。故填①What②attracts③me④most。 46．我们应该知道的是生活是充满欢笑和泪水的。 ____ ____ ____ ____ is that life is full of laughter and tears. 【答案】 What we should know 【详解】考查主语从句和动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“我们应该知道的”，可用意为“……的是”的what引导名词性从句作主句的主语，强调后面准备说的内容，从句主语“我们”用代词we，“应该”用情态动词should，“知道”可用动词know，且句首单词首字母应大写。故填What we should know。 47．____________________ next week is being discussed. 我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。 【答案】Where we will have the picnic 【详解】考查主语从句和时态。根据汉语提示和句意，“我们下周在哪里野餐”为主语从句，根据时间状语next week，从句应用一般将来时，“在哪里”表达为连接副词where，后接陈述句的语序，主语“我们”用we，“野餐”表达为动词短语have the picnic。放在助动词will之后。故填：Where we will have the picnic。 48．____________________ the chance of studying abroad is unknown. 他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。 【答案】Why he gave up 【详解】考查主语从句。引导主语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why；主语为he；表示“放弃”短语为give up，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填Why he gave up。 49．然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 However, ______ ______ ______ ______ to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. 【答案】 whether it was possible 【详解】考查主语从句及固定句型。根据句意及所给句子可知，“是否”使用whether，引导主语从句，“做某事是可能的”使用固定句型It is/was possible to do sth.，由后面was可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填①whether；②it；③was；④possible。 50．历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了第一代杂交水稻。 ______ ______ ______, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice. 【答案】 Through intense effort 【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“历经千辛万苦”，应用介词短语through intense effort，句首单词，首字母大写。故填①Through；②intense；③effort。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （25-26高二上·贵州铜仁·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Celebrate Selfless Spirit Although May 24 was a working day, thousands of people wearing black went to the Mingyangshan Funeral Home in Hunan province for a funeral service at 10 am to present bouquets and bunches of rice plants to honor Yuan Longping, a top rice scientist, known 1 the “father of hybrid rice”. 2 (raise) in an era of war and famine, Yuan witnessed the despair of people who lost the land they lived on. Tough and exhausting 3 it would be, Yuan was determined to study agriculture when he applied for university. He said: “Having enough food was people’s utmost priority,” noted People’s Daily. To relieve the global suffering, Yuan began researching hybrid rice in 1964 and succeeded in cultivating the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, after 4 he significantly increased the China’s average output to 7.5 tons per hectare, while globally it was 4.61 tons. More importantly, he was selfless when it came to 5 (share) his research to benefit people globally. To date, his hybrid rice strain 6 (cultivate) in large areas of India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam, the US and Brazil. Hybrid rice seeds are being planted on 4.5 million hectares of land in Asian rice-producing countries, excluding China. “Professor Yuan was incredibly humble, focusing only on hard work and results that could help alleviate poverty and lift people out of hunger 7 seeking fame or adulation,” Kenneth M. Quinn, president emeritus of the World Food Prize Foundation, told China Daily. Yuan could make such achievements partly 8 he believed in the power of science as a harvest multiplier, noted People’s Daily. Using research and trials at his national center, Yuan continued to produce increasingly higher-yielding super-hybrid plants, 9 panicles (稻穗) were so full of grain that they bent, 10 there were a waterfall of rice throughout the field. To observe his plants closely, Yuan spent more time in a field than in an office, just as farmers did. Quinn said the scientist maintained a “down-to-earth” attitude. 【答案】 1． as 2．Raised 3．as/though 4．which 5．sharing 6．has been cultivated 7．instead of/rather than 8．because 9．whose 10．as if/as though 【导语】本文主要讲的是“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹与贡献。 1．考查介词。句意：尽管5月24日是工作日，仍有数千人身着黑衣前往湖南省明阳山殡仪馆，参加上午10点的追悼会，献上花束和稻穗，以缅怀被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的顶尖水稻科学家袁隆平。袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父”，be known as意为“被称为”，因此空格处用介词as。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平成长于战乱与饥荒的年代，亲历了失去家园之人的绝望。句中谓语是witnessed，空格处用非谓语动词，Yuan和raise之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 3．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管学农之路艰辛疲惫，他在报考大学时仍毅然决定学农业。此处表示“尽管学农之路艰辛疲惫”，空格处表达“尽管”，句子用了倒装句，因此用as/though。 4．考查定语从句。句意：为了减轻全球饥苦，袁隆平于194年开始研究杂交水稻，并于1973年成功培育出世界上第一个高产杂交水稻品种，此后他将中国的平均产量大幅提高到每公顷7.5吨，而全球的平均产量为4.61吨。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词1973是一个时间，因此空格处用which。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：更为重要的是，他在分享科研成果以造福全球人民方面毫无私心。when it came to意为“当说到，当提及”，to是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语。 6．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，他的杂交水稻品种已在印度、孟加拉国、印度尼西亚、越南、美国和巴西等国大面积推广种植。由To date可知，句子时态用现在完成时，水稻被种植，因此用现在完成时的被动语态，主语hybrid rice strain是单数名词，因此空格处是has been cultivated。 7．考查固定短语。句意：“袁教授极为谦逊，他一心只关注踏实工作和能够帮助消除贫困、让人们摆脱饥饿的成果，从不追逐名利和追捧。”世界粮食奖基金会荣誉主席Kenneth M. Quinn在接受《中国日报》采访时说道。由“seeking fame or adulation”可知，此处表示“而不是”，用固定短语instead of/rather than。 8．考查原因状语从句。句意：《人民日报》指出，袁隆平之所以能取得如此成就，部分原因在于他坚信科学是增产的倍增器。由he believed in the power of science as a harvest multiplier可知，空格处表示“因为”，用because引导原因状语从句。 9．考查定语从句。句意：依托国家研究中心的科研与试验，袁隆平持续培育出产量不断攀升的超级杂交水稻。其稻穗颗粒饱满、沉沉低垂，仿佛田间处处流淌着稻谷的瀑布。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词plants和panicles之间是所属关系，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 10．考查方式状语从句。句意：依托国家研究中心的科研与试验，袁隆平持续培育出产量不断攀升的超级杂交水稻。其稻穗颗粒饱满、沉沉低垂，仿佛田间处处流淌着稻谷的瀑布。由there were a waterfall of rice throughout the field可知，空格处表达“仿佛”，是as if/as though，引导方式状语从句。 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或使用括号中单词的正确形式。 Along the southern edge of the Maowusu Desert, an apple harvest is in full swing. Farmers move through trees, their baskets filling with fruit that shines in the warm autumn light. It’s 1 scene of abundance (丰盛) that would have been unthinkable just twenty years ago. The transformation is part of a quiet agricultural revolution — the northward march of Shaanxi’s apple belt, extending hundreds of kilometers into 2 was once an unyielding desert. Shaanxi’s traditional apple-growing areas were concentrated in the area north of the Weihe River. In recent years, the planting zone 3 (expand) northward all the way to the Maowusu Desert, which means one in every four apples 4 (harvest) in China now comes from Shaanxi. The story of this expansion is written in the weathered face of 85-year-old Zhang Binggui. In 2003, after retiring, he rented sandy land in Yulin, determined 5 (make) something grow. His early experiments with grapes and date trees ended in 6 (fail), drawing laughter from neighbors. However, Zhang’s perseverance led him to shift his focus 7 apples. Through years of trial and error, today, he, 8 (eventual) pioneered techniques for sandy soil, increased sales through e-commerce 9 brought their sandy land apples to the national market. This northward march is also a story written by the changing climate. Between 2010 and 2024, the city’s average yearly rainfall rose. Once known for its vast 10 (stretch) of shifting dunes (沙丘), the Maowusu Desert is now turning green. 【答案】 1．a 2．what 3．has expanded/has been expanded 4．harvested 5．to make 6．failure 7．to 8．eventually 9．and 10．stretches 【导语】文章主要讲述了陕西苹果种植带向北扩展至毛乌素沙漠的农业变革。 1．考查冠词。句意：这是一个二十年前难以想象的丰收景象。scene为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且abundance的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：这场转变是一场悄然发生的农业革命的一部分——陕西省苹果带向北推进，延伸数百公里，进入昔日荒芜的沙漠地带。空处引导宾语从句，作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，应用连接代词what。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：近年来，种植区不断向北扩展，一直延伸至毛乌素沙漠，这意味着中国每收获四个苹果中就有一个来自陕西。根据时间状语In recent years可知，应用现在完成时；主语the planting zone与expand之间可构成主动或被动关系，主语为单数，助动词用has。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，种植区不断向北扩展，一直延伸至毛乌素沙漠，这意味着中国每收获四个苹果中就有一个来自陕西。空处作后置定语修饰apples，apples与harvest之间为逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词harvested作后置定语。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：2003年退休后，他在榆林租了沙地，决心种出点什么。be determined to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”。 6．考查名词。句意：他早期尝试种植葡萄和枣树均以失败告终，引来邻居的嘲笑。空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词形式。fail是动词，其名词形式是failure，表示“失败”。 7．考查介词。句意：然而，张的坚持不懈使他将重心转向苹果。shift...to...为固定搭配，意为“将……转移到……”。 8．考查副词。句意：经过多年的反复试验，如今他最终开创了沙地种植技术，通过电商增加销量，并将他们的沙地苹果推向了全国市场。空处修饰动词pioneered，应用副词作状语。eventual是形容词，其副词形式是eventually，表示“最终”。 9．考查连词。句意：经过多年的反复试验，如今他最终开创了沙地种植技术，通过电商增加销量，并将他们的沙地苹果推向了全国市场。pioneered、increased和brought三个动作之间为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。 10．考查名词复数。句意：毛乌素沙漠曾以其广袤连绵的流动沙丘而闻名，如今正在变绿。stretch表示“一片（土地或水域）”时为可数名词，其前有vast修饰，且根据句意，沙丘是多片区域，应用复数形式stretches作宾语。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·四川广安·阶段检测）百度百科打算创建英文版的百度人物词条，请你结合以下信息，为袁隆平编写词条。 姓名：袁隆平 爱好：听音乐，游泳 职业：科学家 生活态度：生活简朴，淡泊名利 生卒年：1930年—2021年 毕业院校：西南农学院（现西南大学） 成就：（1）提高水稻产量，消除世界饥饿 （2）杂交水稻之父 注意： 1. 词数100左右；2.适当表达个人看法。 参考词汇：西南农学院 Southwest Agricultural College；杂交水稻之父Father of Hybrid Rice； 名利fame and wealth；毕业于graduate from；去世pass away；农业研究agricultural research；先驱pioneer ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Yuan Longping (1930-2021), globally celebrated as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, was a leading agricultural scientist whose work changed the world. A graduate of Southwest Agricultural College (now Southwest University), he dedicated decades to hybrid rice research, which significantly boosted rice yields and helped alleviate widespread hunger. Though his contributions were extraordinary, he remained humble, living a simple life and caring little for fame or fortune. In his free time, he found joy in listening to music and swimming. His legacy of perseverance and selfless service continues to inspire generations. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生结合所给信息为袁隆平编写英文版的百度人物词条。 1. 词汇积累 被誉为：(be) celebrated as→(be) honoured as 名誉：fame→reputation 空闲时间：free time→spare time 巨大地：significantly→dramatically 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：His legacy of perseverance and selfless service continues to inspire generations. 拓展句：It is his legacy of perseverance and selfless service that continues to inspire generations. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A graduate of Southwest Agricultural College (now Southwest University), , he dedicated decades to hybrid rice research, which significantly boosted rice yields and helped alleviate widespread hunger. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Yuan Longping (1930-2021), globally celebrated as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, was a leading agricultural scientist whose work changed the world. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和whose引导的定语从句) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $