高频文体05 应用文写作（道歉信）（写作专练）2027年高考英语一轮复习写作高分突破

**基本信息** 聚焦道歉信写作全流程，构建“考情-方法-实践”三维体系，通过结构化技巧提炼与情境化真题训练，系统提升语言表达规范性与跨文化交际准确性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考情分析|2道北京卷真题|高频命题形式（提纲类）与核心话题归纳|从真题特征推导文体考查重点，建立“命题-答题”关联| |写作指导|完整方法体系|三大踩分点（事由/原因/补救）、“总-分-总”结构、时态人称规则、黄金原则（态度优先/句式搭配/避坑雷区）|文体定位→要素拆解→结构搭建→技巧深化，形成逻辑闭环| |真题精练|2道真题|结合真题示范“先认错后解释”“虚实结合”写法|以典型真题验证方法有效性，强化考点应用| |模拟专练|9道模拟题|覆盖失约/未交作业/信息错误等多元情境|通过变式训练实现方法迁移，提升思维灵活性|

高频文体05 应用文写作（道歉信） 年份 卷区 话题 命题形式 2021年 北京卷 你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你写一封道歉信。 提纲类 2014年 北京卷 考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，就因故不能赴约而致歉并建议再约 提纲类 1. 文体定位 道歉信属于正式/半正式应用文，交际核心：主动认错、解释缘由、弥补过失、求得谅解。语气必须诚恳、谦逊、礼貌，绝不辩解、不找借口。 2. 必含三大答题要点（阅卷踩分点） ① 明确道歉事由：清楚写出自己做错的事（失约、迟到、损坏物品、未完成任务、耽误安排等）； ② 合理解释原因：客观说明情况（紧急事件、身体不适、突发状况等），只说明、不推脱； ③ 补救措施+反思保证：给出弥补办法，并承诺今后不再犯错。 3. 时态人称固定规则 人称：全程第一人称 I（认错主体），第二人称 you（收信人）； 时态：一般过去时写犯错经过，一般现在时表歉意与反思，一般将来时写补救与承诺。 道歉信 Para. 1 开头：开门见山，直接致歉 Para. 2 主体：说明原因和补救措施 Para. 3 结尾：再辞职致歉 1. 结构清晰，采用“总—分—总”模式 开头 点明写信目的，主动承认错误、真诚道歉，不铺垫、不绕弯。 核心逻辑：问候 + I am writing to apologize for… + 承认自身失误。 作用：快速扣题，第一时间拿到基础要点分。 主体 诚恳认错 → 客观解释原因 → 说明造成的影响 → 给出具体补救方案 关键原则：先认错，后解释。只解释不道歉会被判定为“找借口”，直接降档。 结尾 诚恳认错 → 客观解释原因 → 说明造成的影响 → 给出具体补救方案 关键原则：先认错，后解释。只解释不道歉会被判定为“找借口”，直接降档。 2. 时态与人称的合理选择 时态 一般过去时写犯错经过，一般现在时表歉意与反思，一般将来时写补救与承诺。 人称 全程第一人称 I（认错主体），第二人称 you（收信人）； 3. 善用黄金原则 （1）态度优先原则（道歉信第一评分标准） 必须出现明确道歉词汇：apologize、regret、sorry、my fault、careless。全程态度谦逊，不辩解、不强势。 （2）黄金句式搭配（避开低分通病） 低分写法：只堆简单句，先写理由再道歉； 高分写法：长短句结合，多用非谓语、名词性从句、it形式主语，句式高级自然。 （3） 虚实结合写法（内容饱满不空泛） 实写：犯错事实、具体原因、补救行动； 虚写：自我反思、愧疚心情、今后改正决心。 （4）考场避坑雷区 ① 切忌原因编造离谱、逻辑生硬； ② 切忌只解释不认错，变成辩解信； ③ 切忌没有补救措施、没有改正承诺，文章残缺； ④ 切忌时态混乱，过去错误乱用现在时。 1.（2021年·北京卷） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达歉意并说明原因； 2.提出建议并给出理由。 注意： 1词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Jim, I’m sorry to inform you that I can’t go out with you this weekend. I’ve just been told that I have to go and visit my sick grandfather in the countryside, who was suddenly admitted to the hospital. I hope the change won’t cause you too much trouble. How about going out next Saturday morning? If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at the school gate at 9: 00. Please let me know what time suits you best. I should be available anytime next weekend. In addition, next Saturday, there will be a flower show in Beihai Park. Then we can go to see the flowers together. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，就因故不能赴约而致歉并建议再约。 【详解】1.词汇积累 通知：tell→inform 麻烦：problem→trouble 怎么样：what about→how about 适合：fit→suit 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I should be available anytime next weekend. 拓展句：I should be available anytime next weekend so that I can go out with you and have a good time. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to inform you that I can’t go out with you this weekend. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I’ve just been told that I have to go and visit my sick grandfather in the countryside, who was suddenly admitted to the hospital. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型3] Please let me know what time suits you best.(运用了what引导的宾语从句) 2.（2014年·北京卷） 假设你是李华，你给英国朋友Chris写一封信，内容包括： 1．你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游； 2．由于脚部受伤，你无法按原计划前往； 3．表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8月份。 注意：1．词数不少于50。 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Joe 【参考范文】 Dear Chris, How is everything going? I am writing to make an apology to you, for I can’t go on the Yunnan trip with you as planned. We have long planned to travel to Yunnan together in July. However, I accidentally hurt my foot recently. The doctor advised me to have a good rest and avoid travelling for weeks, which makes it impossible for me to stick to our original schedule. I feel terribly sorry for ruining our plan. Would it be convenient for you if we put off the trip until August? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Chris写一封电子邮件，就脚部受伤无法按原计划赴云南旅行致歉，并建议推迟出行时间。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 按照计划：follow the plan → as planned/as scheduled 意外受伤：hurt by chance → accidentally hurt 十分抱歉：very sorry → terribly sorry 推迟：delay → put off 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I hurt my foot and cannot travel in July. 拓展句：I accidentally hurt my foot recently, which makes it impossible for me to go on the planned trip in July. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] for引导原因状语从句 I am writing to make an apology to you, for I can’t go on the Yunnan trip with you as planned. [高分句型2] which引导非限制性定语从句 The doctor advised me to have a good rest and avoid travelling for weeks, which makes it impossible for me to stick to our original schedule. [高分句型3] 委婉礼貌固定句型 Would it be convenient for you if we put off the trip until August? 1. （2026·河南信阳·期末） 假定你是李华，因为个人原因，无法按时提交Johnson教授布置的论文，特给他发送一封电子邮件道歉，要点如下： 1. 表达歉意并解释原因； 2. 提出补救措施； 3. 希望得到谅解。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr Johnson, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr Johnson, I am writing to make a sincere apology for failing to hand in the paper you assigned on time. Recently, I have been suffering from a sudden illness, which prevents me from finishing the paper as scheduled. I have been trying to catch up during my recovery. I promise to complete and submit it within three days. I sincerely hope you can accept my apology and forgive my delay. I will spare no effort to guarantee the quality of my paper. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Johnson教授写一封邮件，因个人突发原因未能按时提交论文，表达歉意、说明原因、提出补救措施并恳请对方谅解。文体正式礼貌，态度诚恳，符合师生沟通语境。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 上交：hand in → submit 布置（作业）：give →assign 按时：on time → as scheduled 保证：ensure → guarantee 不遗余力：try best → spare no effort 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I was ill, so I couldn’t finish my paper on time. 拓展句：Recently, I have been suffering from a sudden illness, which prevents me from finishing the paper as scheduled. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] 定语从句修饰先行词paper I am writing to make a sincere apology for failing to hand in the paper you assigned on time. [高分句型2] which引导非限制性定语从句 Recently, I have been suffering from a sudden illness, which prevents me from finishing the paper as scheduled. [高分句型3] 并列承诺句式 I will spare no effort to guarantee the quality of my paper. 2. （2026·重庆北碚·阶段测试） 假如你是李华。在本学期末的口语测试中，你未能达成外教Mr. Brown为你制定的学期口语能力提升目标。请你给Mr. Brown写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1.表示歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.提出补救措施。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Brown, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to apologize for failing to reach the oral English improvement goal you set for me this semester. I feel extremely regretful about the result. Busy with frequent academic tasks recently, I failed to stick to daily oral practice as planned, which led to my unsatisfactory performance in the final oral test. To make up for my deficiency, I will keep practicing speaking every day and watch English speeches regularly. I sincerely hope you can forgive me for my laziness and carelessness. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Mr. Brown写一封道歉信，为自己期末口语测试未达成学期提升目标致歉，说明失利原因、提出补救措施并恳请谅解。文体正式诚恳，贴合师生交流的正式语境。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 完成目标：finish goal → reach/achieve the goal 口语练习：oral practice → spoken English practice 不满意的：bad → unsatisfactory 弥补：compensate → make up for 坚持：keep doing → stick to 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I was busy with studies and did not practice hard, so I failed the test. 拓展句：Busy with frequent academic tasks recently, I failed to stick to daily oral practice as planned, which led to my unsatisfactory performance in the final oral test. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] 省略主语的形容词作状语 Busy with frequent academic tasks recently, I failed to stick to daily oral practice as planned. [高分句型2] which引导非限制性定语从句 I failed to stick to daily oral practice as planned, which led to my unsatisfactory performance in the final oral test. [高分句型3] 不定式作目的状语 To make up for my deficiency, I will keep practicing speaking every day and watch English speeches regularly. 3. （2026·江苏扬州·阶段测试） 假定你是李华，你在上一封信中邀请外教Mr. Johnson参加你们的成人仪式，但你告知他的信息有误，请给Mr. Johnson写一封道歉信，要点如下： 1. 为自己的失误道歉； 2. 告知正确的时间和地点； 3. 希望Mr. Johnson能来。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：成人仪式coming-of-age ceremony Dear Mr. Johnson, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. Johnson, I am writing to make a sincere apology for my careless mistake in the last letter. I gave you wrong information about our school’s coming-of-age ceremony. The correct details are as follows. The ceremony is scheduled to take place in the school lecture hall at 9 a.m. next Saturday, instead of last weekend’s playground. I feel terribly sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. We sincerely hope you can still join us and witness this meaningful moment. Yours, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Mr. Johnson写一封道歉信，为之前邀请对方参加成人仪式时提供错误信息致歉，更正活动准确时间地点，并真诚邀请对方出席。文体正式礼貌，态度诚恳，符合师生正式沟通语境。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 错误：fault → careless mistake 安排举行：hold → be scheduled to take place 不便：trouble → inconvenience 见证：see → witness 有意义的：important → meaningful 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I told you the wrong time and place before. 拓展句：I am writing to make a sincere apology for my careless mistake in the last letter, where I provided incorrect information about the coming-of-age ceremony. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] 固定道歉万能句式 I am writing to make a sincere apology for my careless mistake in the last letter. [高分句型2] 被动语态表官方安排 The ceremony is scheduled to take place in the school lecture hall at 9 a.m. next Saturday. [高分句型3] 委婉致歉经典句式 I feel terribly sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. 4. （2025·江西吉安市·阶段测试） 假定你是李华，原本与交换生好友Mary约好这周六去看摄影展，但你因临时有事无法前往。请你给她写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1.说明原因； 2.提出补救措施。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mary, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mary, I am writing to sincerely apologize for not being able to go to the photography exhibition with you this Saturday as we planned. My parents will take me to visit my elderly grandparents out of town this weekend, and the arrangement is totally urgent and unavoidable. I feel extremely sorry for ruining our wonderful plan. To make up for it, I’d like to book two tickets for next weekend’s exhibition. I hope you can accept my apology and give me a chance to go with you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友Mary写一封道歉信，为临时有事无法如约一同观看摄影展致歉，说明具体原因并提出补救措施，全文语气真诚友好，贴合朋友间交际语境，行文简洁连贯。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 摄影展：photo show →photography exhibition 临时的：sudden → unavoidable 破坏计划：break the plan → ruin the plan 弥补：compensate → make up for 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I have to visit my grandparents, so I can’t go to the exhibition. 拓展句：My parents will take me to visit my elderly grandparents out of town this weekend, and the arrangement is totally urgent and unavoidable. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] as引导方式状语从句 I am writing to sincerely apologize for not being able to go to the photography exhibition with you this Saturday as we planned. [高分句型2] 并列句阐述客观原因 My parents will take me to visit my elderly grandparents out of town this weekend, and the arrangement is totally urgent and unavoidable. [高分句型3] 不定式作目的状语 To make up for it, I’d like to book two tickets for next weekend’s exhibition. 5. （2025·江西省宜春市·期中） 假定你是李华，原本与交换生好友Mary约好这周六去看摄影展，但你因临时有事无法前往。请你给她写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1.说明原因； 2.提出补救措施。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mary, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mary, I’m writing to apologize to you for failing to attend the photography exhibition with you this Saturday. I have been suddenly assigned an important school task which I can’t turn down. As a result, I have no choice but to cancel our original plan. I feel terribly sorry to disappoint you. To make up for my mistake, I suggest we go to the exhibition next Saturday instead. I will spare my time in advance. Hope you can forgive me. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】本篇书面表达属于应用文道歉信。要求考生以李华的身份，给好友Mary写信，因临时有事无法如约共赴摄影展，需说明失约原因并提出补救方案。全文语言真诚自然，贴合朋友间沟通语境，要点齐全、行文流畅。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 摄影展：photo show → photography exhibition 拒绝：refuse → turn down 别无选择：have no way → have no choice but to do 弥补：compensate → make up for 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I have an unexpected school task, so I can’t go with you. 拓展句：I have been suddenly assigned an important school task which I can’t turn down, so I have no choice but to cancel our original plan. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] which引导定语从句 I have been suddenly assigned an important school task which I can’t turn down. [高分句型2] 结果状语句式 As a result, I have no choice but to cancel our original plan. [高分句型3] 不定式作目的状语 To make up for my mistake, I suggest we go to the exhibition next Saturday instead. 6. （2025·广东佛山·一模） 假定你是李华，最近收到好友Ben的来信，信中说他因为使用人工智能完成作业而受到老师的表扬，非常开心，请你给他写一封回信，告诉他这个做法是不对的，内容包括： (1)你对使用人工智能完成作业的看法； (2)你的建议：向老师道歉。 注意： (1)词数80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ben, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Ben, I’m glad to hear from you. However, I have to say it is not appropriate for you to finish your homework with the help of AI. Homework is designed to help us review knowledge and check our learning progress. Relying on AI robs you of the chance to think independently, which goes against the purpose of study. Therefore, I sincerely advise you to apologize to your teacher honestly. I hope you can understand my concern. Yours, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文回信。要求考生回信好友Ben，针对其利用人工智能完成作业并受表扬一事，表明该行为错误的观点，阐述学习意义并给出诚恳建议——向老师道歉，语言真诚、说理委婉，符合朋友劝说的语境。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 合适的：right → appropriate 依靠：depend on → rely on 独立思考：think by oneself → think independently 违背：be bad for → go against 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：Using AI to do homework stops you from thinking. 拓展句：Relying on AI robs you of the chance to think independently, which goes against the purpose of study. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] it作形式主语 it is not appropriate for you to finish your homework with the help of AI. [高分句型2] which引导非限制性定语从句 Relying on AI robs you of the chance to think independently, which goes against the purpose of study. [高分句型3] 副词修饰建议句式 Therefore, I sincerely advise you to apologize to your teacher honestly. 7. （2024·云南师大附中·适应性测试） 假定你是李华，在英国某中学参加夏令营活动，在为学校制作海报时，不小心弄脏了一块桌布，请给班级负责人Kate老师写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1. 表示歉意； 2. 说明原因； 3. 补救措施。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Kate, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Kate, I am writing to offer my sincere apology for my careless mistake. I accidentally stained the tablecloth when making posters for our school during the summer camp. I was busy coloring and decorating the posters to make them more attractive and eye-catching. Concentrating too much on my design work, I failed to notice that the paint spilled on the clean tablecloth, leaving obvious dirty marks. I feel extremely guilty for messing up the table and causing unnecessary trouble to you and the class. To make up for my fault, I have bought a new tablecloth of the same style to replace the old one. Besides, I will clean the table thoroughly before leaving. I truly hope you can accept my apology and forgive my carelessness. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给夏令营班级负责人Kate老师写一封道歉信，为自己制作海报时不慎弄脏桌布致歉，说明失误原因并提出具体补救措施。文章语气诚恳礼貌，贴合学生对老师的正式交流语境，逻辑完整、细节充实。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 弄脏：dirty → stain / leave dirty marks 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 溢出、洒落：pour out →spill 弥补：compensate → make up for 彻底地：completely → thoroughly 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I focused on my work and spilled some paint on the tablecloth. 拓展句：Concentrating too much on my design work, I failed to notice that the paint spilled on the clean tablecloth, leaving obvious dirty marks. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] 现在分词作原因状语 Concentrating too much on my design work, I failed to notice that the paint spilled on the clean tablecloth. [高分句型2] 现在分词作结果状语 I failed to notice that the paint spilled on the clean tablecloth, leaving obvious dirty marks. [高分句型3] 不定式作目的状语 To make up for my fault, I have bought a new tablecloth of the same style to replace the old one. 8. （2022·陕西西安·三模） 假如你是李华，你和你的朋友Mike 约好了本周末去博物馆，但是你因为临时要参加学校组织的“美丽市容，从我做起”的志愿活动，而不能同行。请根据以下要点给他写一封道歉信。 1.表达歉意；2.简介活动内容和意义；3. 另约时间。 注意：字数100词左右 Dear Mike, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mike, I am writing to make a sincere apology for failing to visit the museum with you this weekend as we planned. I have been unexpectedly chosen to take part in a school voluntary activity themed “Building a Beautiful City, Starting from Me”. We will clean public streets and remove rubbish to improve the city’s environment. This meaningful social activity is beneficial to community construction and I have no choice but to attend it. Would you be available next weekend? I hope we can reschedule our museum trip then. Please accept my heartfelt apology. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文道歉信。要求考生给好友Mike写信，因临时参与学校志愿活动，无法如约周末参观博物馆，需诚恳致歉、介绍志愿活动内容与意义并重新约定时间，语气真诚自然，符合朋友间交流语境。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 志愿活动：volunteer work → voluntary activity 出乎意料地：suddenly → unexpectedly 有益的：good → beneficial 重新安排：change time → reschedule 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：I have to take part in a voluntary activity, so I can’t go with you. 拓展句：This meaningful social activity is beneficial to community construction and I have no choice but to attend it. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] 分词作后置定语 I have been unexpectedly chosen to take part in a school voluntary activity themed “Building a Beautiful City, Starting from Me”. [高分句型2] 并列不定式表活动内容与意义 We will clean public streets and remove rubbish to improve the city’s environment. [高分句型3] 委婉询问句式 Would you be available next weekend? I hope we can reschedule our museum trip then. 9. （2022·西藏拉萨·阶段测试） 假定你是李华，在澳大利亚留学期间，父母维修厨房时影响到了邻居James，请给他写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1. 表达歉意； 2. 解释原因。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 Dear James, I am writing to offer my sincere apology for the noise and disturbance caused to you recently. Currently, my parents are having our kitchen renovated to improve our living environment. The ongoing repair work inevitably produces loud noises, which have greatly affected your daily rest. As a student studying abroad, I feel extremely guilty for the trouble we have brought to you. We will try our best to avoid working during resting hours. Please accept my heartfelt apology for any inconvenience we have caused. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导读】 本篇书面表达属于应用文道歉信。要求考生以留学学生李华的身份，就家中厨房维修产生噪音打扰邻居一事写信致歉，清晰说明扰民原因并表达愧疚，语气礼貌诚恳，贴合邻里日常交际语境。 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 打扰：trouble → disturbance 装修、翻新：fix → renovate 不可避免的：unavoidable → inevitable 由衷的：true → heartfelt 2. 句式拓展（简单句变复合句） 原句：The repair work makes loud noises and disturbs your life. 拓展句：The ongoing repair work inevitably produces loud noises, which have greatly affected your daily rest. 【点睛】高分句型 [高分句型1] 过去分词作后置定语 I am writing to offer my sincere apology for the noise and disturbance caused to you recently. [高分句型2] which引导非限制性定语从句 The ongoing repair work inevitably produces loud noises, which have greatly affected your daily rest. [高分句型3] 目的状语句式 We will try our best to avoid working during resting hours to reduce unnecessary disturbance. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高频文体05 应用文写作（道歉信） 年份 卷区 话题 命题形式 2021年 北京卷 你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你写一封道歉信。 提纲类 2014年 北京卷 考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，就因故不能赴约而致歉并建议再约 提纲类 1. 文体定位 道歉信属于正式/半正式应用文，交际核心：主动认错、解释缘由、弥补过失、求得谅解。语气必须诚恳、谦逊、礼貌，绝不辩解、不找借口。 2. 必含三大答题要点（阅卷踩分点） ① 明确道歉事由：清楚写出自己做错的事（失约、迟到、损坏物品、未完成任务、耽误安排等）； ② 合理解释原因：客观说明情况（紧急事件、身体不适、突发状况等），只说明、不推脱； ③ 补救措施+反思保证：给出弥补办法，并承诺今后不再犯错。 3. 时态人称固定规则 人称：全程第一人称 I（认错主体），第二人称 you（收信人）； 时态：一般过去时写犯错经过，一般现在时表歉意与反思，一般将来时写补救与承诺。 道歉信 Para. 1 开头：开门见山，直接致歉 Para. 2 主体：说明原因和补救措施 Para. 3 结尾：再辞职致歉 1. 结构清晰，采用“总—分—总”模式 开头 点明写信目的，主动承认错误、真诚道歉，不铺垫、不绕弯。 核心逻辑：问候 + I am writing to apologize for… + 承认自身失误。 作用：快速扣题，第一时间拿到基础要点分。 主体 诚恳认错 → 客观解释原因 → 说明造成的影响 → 给出具体补救方案 关键原则：先认错，后解释。只解释不道歉会被判定为“找借口”，直接降档。 结尾 诚恳认错 → 客观解释原因 → 说明造成的影响 → 给出具体补救方案 关键原则：先认错，后解释。只解释不道歉会被判定为“找借口”，直接降档。 2. 时态与人称的合理选择 时态 一般过去时写犯错经过，一般现在时表歉意与反思，一般将来时写补救与承诺。 人称 全程第一人称 I（认错主体），第二人称 you（收信人）； 3. 善用黄金原则 （1）态度优先原则（道歉信第一评分标准） 必须出现明确道歉词汇：apologize、regret、sorry、my fault、careless。全程态度谦逊，不辩解、不强势。 （2）黄金句式搭配（避开低分通病） 低分写法：只堆简单句，先写理由再道歉； 高分写法：长短句结合，多用非谓语、名词性从句、it形式主语，句式高级自然。 （3） 虚实结合写法（内容饱满不空泛） 实写：犯错事实、具体原因、补救行动； 虚写：自我反思、愧疚心情、今后改正决心。 （4）考场避坑雷区 ① 切忌原因编造离谱、逻辑生硬； ② 切忌只解释不认错，变成辩解信； ③ 切忌没有补救措施、没有改正承诺，文章残缺； ④ 切忌时态混乱，过去错误乱用现在时。 1.（2021年·北京卷） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达歉意并说明原因； 2.提出建议并给出理由。 注意： 1词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2.（2014年·北京卷） 假设你是李华，你给英国朋友Chris写一封信，内容包括： 1．你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游； 2．由于脚部受伤，你无法按原计划前往； 3．表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8月份。 注意：1．词数不少于50。 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Joe 1. （2026·河南信阳·期末） 假定你是李华，因为个人原因，无法按时提交Johnson教授布置的论文，特给他发送一封电子邮件道歉，要点如下： 1. 表达歉意并解释原因； 2. 提出补救措施； 3. 希望得到谅解。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr Johnson, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 2. （2026·重庆北碚·阶段测试） 假如你是李华。在本学期末的口语测试中，你未能达成外教Mr. Brown为你制定的学期口语能力提升目标。请你给Mr. Brown写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1.表示歉意； 2.说明原因； 3.提出补救措施。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Brown, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 3. （2026·江苏扬州·阶段测试） 假定你是李华，你在上一封信中邀请外教Mr. Johnson参加你们的成人仪式，但你告知他的信息有误，请给Mr. Johnson写一封道歉信，要点如下： 1. 为自己的失误道歉； 2. 告知正确的时间和地点； 3. 希望Mr. Johnson能来。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80个左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：成人仪式coming-of-age ceremony Dear Mr. Johnson, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 4. （2025·江西吉安市·阶段测试） 假定你是李华，原本与交换生好友Mary约好这周六去看摄影展，但你因临时有事无法前往。请你给她写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1.说明原因； 2.提出补救措施。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mary, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 5. （2025·江西省宜春市·期中） 假定你是李华，原本与交换生好友Mary约好这周六去看摄影展，但你因临时有事无法前往。请你给她写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1.说明原因； 2.提出补救措施。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mary, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 6. （2025·广东佛山·一模） 假定你是李华，最近收到好友Ben的来信，信中说他因为使用人工智能完成作业而受到老师的表扬，非常开心，请你给他写一封回信，告诉他这个做法是不对的，内容包括： (1)你对使用人工智能完成作业的看法； (2)你的建议：向老师道歉。 注意： (1)词数80左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Ben, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 7. （2024·云南师大附中·适应性测试） 假定你是李华，在英国某中学参加夏令营活动，在为学校制作海报时，不小心弄脏了一块桌布，请给班级负责人Kate老师写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1. 表示歉意； 2. 说明原因； 3. 补救措施。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Kate, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 8. （2022·陕西西安·三模） 假如你是李华，你和你的朋友Mike 约好了本周末去博物馆，但是你因为临时要参加学校组织的“美丽市容，从我做起”的志愿活动，而不能同行。请根据以下要点给他写一封道歉信。 1.表达歉意；2.简介活动内容和意义；3. 另约时间。 注意：字数100词左右 Dear Mike, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 9. （2022·西藏拉萨·阶段测试） 假定你是李华，在澳大利亚留学期间，父母维修厨房时影响到了邻居James，请给他写一封道歉信，内容包括： 1. 表达歉意； 2. 解释原因。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear James, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $