UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读5 ①melt/melt/vi.&vt.熔化；(使)融化 ②dramatic/drəˈmætIk/ adj.戏剧的；急剧的 ③starve/stɑːv/vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 ④claim/kleIm/vt.宣称；要求 ⑤have an impact on 对于……有影响 ⑥ecology/iˈkɒlədʒi/ n．生态；生态学 ⑦mention/ˈmenʃn/ vt.提到；谈到；提及；论及；说起 ⑧refer to 涉及；指的是；适用于 ⑨release/rIˈliːs/vt.&n.排放；释放；发布 ⑩carbon/ˈkɑːbən/n.碳 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ⑪habitable/ˈhæbItəbl/adj.可居住的；适合居住的 ⑫sustain/səˈsteIn/ vt.维持；遭受；承受住 sustainable/səˈsteInəbl/ adj.可持续的；合理利用的 ⑬fuel/ˈfjuːəl/ n．燃料 fossil fuel 化石燃料 ⑭be trapped in 陷入困境……；被困于…… ⑮comprehensive /ˌkɒmprIˈhensIv/ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 ⑯take appropriate actions采取适当的行动 ⑰trend/trend/n.趋势；趋向；动向 ⑱frequently/ˈfriːkwəntli/ adj.频繁地；经常 ⑲broadcast/ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/vt.&vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目 ⑳result in 导致；结果是 policy/ˈpɒləsi/n.政策；方针；原则 individual /ˌIndIˈvIdʒuəl/n.个人；个体 restrict/rIˈstrIkt/ vt.限制；限定；束缚 seize/siːz/vt.抓住；夺取；控制 issue/ˈIʃuː；ˈIsjuː/ n．问题 CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph)．【1】 A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting① ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic② change in the global climate. 【1】There is little doubt that…毫无疑问……，that 引导同位语从句。 In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”.【2】 An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved③ and died.Experts claimed④ that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.【3】 This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on⑤ Earth's ecology⑥. 【2】句中who 引导定语从句，修饰the scientists，that 引导定语从句，修饰all，all that 相当于what。 【3】句中that 引导宾语从句，其中meant后又跟一个省略that 的宾语从句。 Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention⑦ a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.【4】 The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to⑧ the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation.【5】 The heat is released⑨ back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide⑩， trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable⑪.Without this process, Earth could not sustain⑫ life.However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels⑬， more heat energy is trapped in⑭ the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 【4】句中called the “greenhouse effect”为过去分词作后置定语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。 【5】句中that 引导同位语从句。 There is strong and comprehensive⑮ evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.【6】 Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions⑯， this warming trend⑰ will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.In fact, news reports are frequently⑱broadcast⑲ about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. 【6】句中that 引导同位语从句，not only…but also…连接两个作状语的现在分词。 Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in⑳ further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.【7】 So what will you do to help? 【7】because 引导原因状语从句，主句中it 作形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语。 气候变化需要全世界的关注 我们几十年前就知道气候变化了。毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖(见图表)。海洋和大气的变暖以及冰川的融化和海平面的上升为全球气候的急剧变化提供了证据。 2013年，一张关于在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上发现了一只北极熊的尸体的照片让很多人感到震惊。根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下了“皮和骨头”。一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。专家称，气候变化造成的海冰水位较低，意味着这只熊无法像以前那样捕猎海豹，所以为了找食物它不得不长途跋涉。这一令人震惊的案例表明，气温升高对地球生态产生了怎样的影响。 那么是什么导致了全球平均表面温度的上升呢？气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的重要气候过程，它有两个普遍的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。“自然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。热量以更长的波长释放回太空。大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，会捕获一些热量，使地球气候保持温暖且适宜居住。如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。然而，“人为”温室效应现在已经成为一个大问题。当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。 有充分和全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不仅造成了严重的破坏，还造成了人员伤亡。气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，并将付出更高的代价。事实上，新闻报道经常报道造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪。 持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期的变化。这需要全世界人民的关注。各国政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体排放。作为个人，我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会，对每个人进行全球变暖及其原因和影响的教育，因为这是影响我们这个星球上所有人的最严重的问题。那么你会怎么补救呢？ Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What does the text mainly tell us? A．Some polar bears died of starvation. B．What the greenhouse effect is. C．Global warming has caused some disasters and we must pay attention to it. D．How the polar bears find food. 答案　C Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　 A．We need to do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Para.2 B．The rise in temperature has caused natural disasters. Para.3 C．Earth is getting warmer and warmer. Para.4 D．A dead polar bear was found, which alarmed some experts. Para.5 E．Why is Earth getting warmer and warmer? 答案　Paras.1～5　CDEBA Read the text (P26～27), then choose the best answer. 1．Why is the “natural” greenhouse effect important and necessary? A．Because it is short-wave radiation. B．Because it is long-wave radiation. C．Because it releases more heat. D．Because it helps Earth to sustain life. 答案　D 2．What can we learn from the text? A．It doesn't matter whether we pay attention to global warming or not. B．The rise in temperature doesn't affect people's life. C．The rise in temperature only affects some animals. D．Heat from the sun keeps Earth habitable. 答案　D 3．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．What the “greenhouse effect” means. B．Why the global temperature rises quickly. C．How the heat is released back into space. D．Why the “man-made” greenhouse effect is important to us. 答案　A 4．What's the author's purpose of writing this text? A．To call for people to donate money. B．To ask people not to kill polar bears. C．To appeal to people to care Earth's ecology. D．To educate people about global warming. 答案　D Ⅰ.解决长难句 [尝试翻译]　 根据发现北极熊尸体的科学家的说法，这只北极熊只剩下了“皮和骨头”。 [尝试翻译]　　一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从它尸体的位置看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。　 [尝试翻译]　 气候科学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”。它有两层常见含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013, many people 1. were shocked (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels 2. caused (cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances 3. to find (find) food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， 4. which has two common meanings：the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become 5. a big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6. that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact, news reports are 7. frequently (frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves 8. causing (cause) deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9. restricting (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10. to seize (seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming. (教材P26)There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)． 毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖(见图表)。 句型：There is no/little doubt that…毫无疑问…… 句中的doubt后接同位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。 There is some doubt whether… ……有些疑问。 There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…… I doubt whether/if…/I have some doubt whether…我怀疑…… I don't doubt that…/I have no doubt that…我毫不怀疑…… There is no doubt that developing a good habit will be beneficial to children throughout their lives. 毫无疑问，养成一个好习惯对孩子终生有益。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)There is some doubt whether I can stimulate him to be absorbed in achieving his goal. (2)I never doubt that Alyssa will accept the invitation the day after tomorrow. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)我毫不怀疑，电脑在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 ① I don't doubt that computers are playing an increasingly important part in our routine life.(doubt v．) ② I have no doubt that computers are playing an increasingly important part in our routine life.(doubt n．) (教材P26)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它似乎死于饥饿。 starve　vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 ①starve for渴望， 极想得到 starve to death饿死 ②starvationn.挨饿 ③starvingadj.饥饿的， 挨饿的 be starving 　 渴望…… These people will starve to death unless they receive assistance soon. 除非马上得到援助，不然这些人很快就会饿死。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)There is no doubt that the children in the charity house are starving for care. (2)The people in the flood area face increased risk of starvation (starve) and disease. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。 I am starving to study English well , because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. (教材P26～27)The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation. “自然”温室效应是指太阳的热量进入大气层，并以短波辐射的形式使地球表面变暖。 refer to　指的是；提到，说起；参考；提交 [语义感知]——写出下列句中refer to的含义 (1)When I spoke of that girl, I wasn't referring to her daughter. 指的是 (2)We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again. 提及 (3)A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart. 把……称作…… (4)As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor. 把……提交给…… (5)When he delivered his speech on how to release the great pressure, he didn't refer to his notes. 参考 ①refer to…as…　把……称作…… refer…to… 把……提交给…… ②reference n．提及；参考；查阅 reference book 参考书；工具书 (2024·新课标Ⅰ)A girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super，” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级马拉松”训练，指的是52.4英里的双程马拉松。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (6)当我试图找出一道数学题的答案时，我查阅了课本寻求帮助。 When I was trying to figure out the answer to a math problem, I referred to my textbook for help . (7)这位专家决定把这件事提交到会议上。 The specialist has made up his mind to refer the matter to the meeting . [提示] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred, referred, referring。 (教材P27)The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. 热量再以长波辐射的形式返回太空。 release　vt.& n．排放；释放；发布 ①release…from…　把……从……释放 ②on release 发行，在公映 the latest release 最新发行的产品 At the end of the ceremony, a video about our alumni's fighting against the flood was released for us to watch, which moved us deeply. 在颁奖仪式的最后，放映了一段校友抗洪的视频，这让我们深受感动。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job in a law office. (2)It is reported that an interesting film is on release in that cinema. (教材P27)Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. 没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。 句型：without引导含蓄虚拟条件句 ①句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气； ②类似用法的还有 otherwise, or, but for等。 Without your generous assistance, I couldn't have won the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.如果没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)But for my English teacher's encouragement and assistance, I would have given (give) up studying English. (2)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had (have) a good time together. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ续写)没有您的认可和指导，我不可能写出这篇文章。 Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article . sustain　vt.维持；遭受；承受住 ①sustain damage/an injury/a defeat 遭受损失/伤害/失败 sustain one's interest保持某人的兴趣 ②sustainableadj.可以忍受的；合理利用的；可持续的 sustainable development可持续发展 sustainable growth可持续增长 The love and support of his family sustained him during his hard time. 家人的关爱和支持帮助他度过了艰难的岁月。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Cycling is the most economical, sustainable (sustain) and fun way to explore the city. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (5)她设法使每个人兴趣盎然，一直到她的演讲结束。 She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech. (教材P27)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. 有充分而全面的证据表明，温度升高导致全世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害增加，不仅造成了严重的破坏，而且还造成了人员伤亡。 句型：❶There is evidence that…有证据表明…… ❷现在分词(短语)作结果状语 ★There is evidence that…有证据表明……，that引导同位语从句，解释evidence的具体内容。 ★causing serious damage 和costing human lives均为现在分词作结果状语。 ①现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面的句子； ②不定式也可作结果状语，往往表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常加only。 ①There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun. 有令人信服的证据表明皮肤癌与日晒有关。 ②As you know, the Spring Festival is celebrated by Chinese all over the world, making it one of the most popular festivals. 正如你所知道的，春节被全世界的华人庆祝，使之成为最受欢迎的节日之一。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease. (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving (leave) little room for the other students to improve. (3)They reached the company out of breath, only to be told (tell) they were fired. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)(2023·全国甲改编)孔子走遍全国，将他的智慧传授给无数的弟子，并对中国社会产生了深远的影响。 Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving a profound impact on Chinese society . (教材P27)In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses. 事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 broadcast　vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 ①broadcast…to…把……广(传)播给…… broadcast live直播 ②make a broadcast广播；宣传 a live broadcast现场直播 news/television broadcast新闻/电视广播 We watched a live broadcast of the speech. 我们观看了那场演讲的现场直播。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Walking in the street, she heard the gentle music being broadcast (broadcast) over the radio. (2)The concert will be broadcast to a worldwide television audience estimated at one billion tomorrow morning. (教材P27)We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 我们个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式所产生的二氧化碳量来减少“碳足迹”。 restrict　vt.限制；限定；束缚；妨碍 ①be restricted to限制(在某范围) restrict one's freedom限制某人的自由 ②restrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；约束 without restriction没有限制 ③restrictiveadj.限制(性)的；约束(性)的 My mother often restricts my freedom, which makes me burn with anger. 我的母亲经常限制我的自由，这使我非常生气。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The number of club members is restricted (restrict) to ten, so it is difficult to be admitted to the club. (2)The newly-opened swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without restriction (restrict)． [习作练笔]——词汇升级 (3)I limit myself to one cup of coffee a day. restrict (教材P27)It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. 抓住每一个机会，对所有人进行全球变暖及其成因和影响的教育，这是我们的责任，因为这是影响我们地球上所有人最严重的问题。 seize　vt.抓住；夺取；控制 seize sb by the＋身体部位抓住某人的…… seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会 seize on/upon抓住；突然对……大为关注 The moment I saw my father's cloudy face, panic seized me. 我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)What made his mother burn with anger was that he seized on/upon the rain as an excuse for missing school. (2)I was about to fall off the cliff when my father reached out his strong hand and seized me by the arm. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我会抓住这次宝贵的机会参加这次活动，提升自己的综合能力。 I will seize the precious opportunity to participate in the activity to enhance my overall ability. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$