选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the land-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（人教版）

**基本信息** 精选2018-2025年高考真题，聚焦农业科技与生态环保主题，涵盖阅读理解（5篇）、语法填空（1篇）及应用文写作（1篇），通过矩阵种植、BMF微型农场等真实情境，考查语言运用与逻辑思维。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇（20题）|词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|融合科技前沿（如太阳能农场）与社会热点（可持续农业），问题设计梯度分明| |语法填空|1篇（10空）|介词、名词性从句、时态语态等|以农业发展历程为情境，考查语法知识在语篇中的应用| |应用文写作|1篇（80词）|活动过程描述、收获感想表达|结合校园实践活动，强调语言输出与实际应用能力|

人教选择性必修第一册 Unit 5　Working the land 阅读理解 [2025·浙江1月考，阅读C篇] A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it􀆳s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf􀆳s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavours to the planting mixes while playing with colour and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden􀆳s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. (　)28.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. (　)29.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. (　)30.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf􀆳s gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. (　)31.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is wild B.Nature treats all lives as equals C.Matrix gardens need more care D.Old garden plots work wonders 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植法,该方法强调通过模仿自然的方式来减少人工干预,使园艺变得更自然且具有环保和美学价值。 28.B　词义猜测题。第一段中“…to garden more like nature does.”描述了一种更自然的花园状态,而画线词后“…fertilizers(化肥) and power tools…”明显是指人工干预。由此可推知,画线词意为“避免”或“远离”,避免人工的干预才会让花园更原生态。因此,B选项“Keeping away from.”是正确的。应选B项。 29.D　细节理解题。第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”说明,矩阵式种植的概念是在二战后由德国城市规划者引入的,目的是种植大片低维护成本的绿地。因此,D选项“为了开发易维护的公园绿地。”最符合题意。应选D项。 30.C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Piet Oudolf在种植的时候加入了艺术元素,尤其是在色彩和形态上,比如雕塑般形态的奇特种子头让花园美不胜收。因此,C选项“雅致的,有品位的”是对其花园最合适的描述。应选C项。 31.A　主旨大意题。文章首段介绍了矩阵式种植法的理念:减少人工干预,发挥自然的作用;第二、 三段介绍了这种设计方法的起源和发展;第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则;最后一段分析了这种设计方法带来的益处。因此,文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵式种植法。标题A结合了“矩阵式种植自然野生”的特点,表现了未来园艺的趋势。因此,A选项“园艺的未来将回归原野。”最适合作为文章标题。应选A项。 [2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，阅读C篇] We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer􀆳s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it􀆳s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it􀆳s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there􀆳s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (　)28.What can be learned about BMF from Paragraph 1? A.It guarantees the variety of food. B.It requires day-to-day care. C.It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D.It relies on farmer􀆳s markets. (　)29.What information does the convenient app offer? A.Real-time weather changes. B.Current condition of the plants. C.Chemical pollutants in the soil. D.Availability of pre-seeded pods. (　)30.What can be concluded about BMF employees? A.They have a great passion for sports. B.They are devoted to community service. C.They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D.They have a strong environmental awareness. (　)31.What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF􀆳s major strengths. B.BMF􀆳s general management. C.BMF􀆳s global influence. D.BMF􀆳s technical standards. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“While farmer􀆳s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more.”可知,巴比伦微型农场进一步缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.”可知,这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. ‘We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,’ said a BMF employee.”可知,BMF的员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 [2023·浙江1月考] D According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven􀆳t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they􀆳ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbours,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the US agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that􀆳s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. (　)32.What do solar developers often ignore? A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. B.The negative impact of installing solar panels. C.The rising labour cost of building solar farms. D.The most recent advances in solar technology. (　)33.What does InSPIRE aim to do? A.Improve the productivity of local farms. B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. (　)34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in Paragraph 4? A.To conserve pollinators. B.To restrict solar development. C.To diversify the economy. D.To ensure the supply of energy. (　)35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Pollinators: to leave or to stay B.Solar energy: hope for the future C.InSPIRE: a leader in agriculture D.Solar farms: a new development 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍的是用一种对土地更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场,这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫,从而促进农业的发展。 32.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they􀆳ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.”可知,太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题,导致很多人把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者,由此可以推断,开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。 33.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to ‘low-impact’ solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.”(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法,其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)可知,InSPIRE采用更环保的方式建立和运营太阳能农场,也就是使得太阳能项目更加环保。故选C项。 34.A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.”可知,这些法律都是与保护传粉昆虫的栖息地和农药使用相关的,所以这些法律的目的是保护传粉昆虫。故选A项。 35.D　主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.”(在过去的几年里,许多太阳能农场开发者将太阳能板下的空间改造成各种传粉昆虫的庇护所,从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)可知,现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展,更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加环保,这将是未来发展农业的新趋势,再结合全文对太阳能农场发展过程的介绍可以判断,本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。 [2023·全国乙卷] 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36.　　　　, but studies have shown that they can promote people􀆳s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What􀆳s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.  What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter. 37.　　　　.  Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens,says, “38.　　　　. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39.　　　　.  Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets,garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “40.　　　　,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people􀆳s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”  A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil􀆳s ivy are among the best F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在室内种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物。 36.B　该空格为前半句,根据后半句“…but studies have shown that they can promote people􀆳s wellbeing by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.”可知,本空应介绍室内植物带来的好处。B项(它们不仅看起来漂亮)引出下文,符合文意。B项中not only和空后but为固定搭配。 37.D　根据空前句“Many of these species(物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.”可知,这些物种中有许多并不适合在英国户外生长,尤其是在冬天。D项(相反,它们在更温暖的室内生长得更好)承接上文,符合文意。 38.C　根据空后内容“‘…plants around the house can really lift your mood.’ Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知,室内植物可以提高情绪,同时能改善创造力、专注力和记忆力,去除有害气体,去除一些有害的化学物质,这些都是在室内种植植物的好处。C项(在室内种植植物有很多好处)可以引出下文。 39.E　根据空前句“They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知,室内植物也可以从油漆或烹饪中去除一些有害化学物质。E项“像白鹤芋和绿萝这样的植物是最好的”承接上文,符合文意。 40.G　空前句“…you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.”介绍的是照顾室内植物的事。空后句“It can bring a new interest and focus into people􀆳s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”具体介绍了了解每种植物要求所带来的益处,体现了G项中的rewarding。故G项(了解每种植物的要求可能是非常有益的)符合上下文语境。 [2018·江苏卷，阅读C篇] If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: mum-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food. There are solutions that could light a path towards a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 61.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce 　　　　.  A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry 62.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in Paragraph 2? A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary. B. Technology is vital for agricultural development. C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce. D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. 63.What is the difficulty for those new farmers? A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers. C. To have farms of their own. D. To win old farmers’ support. 64.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation. C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology. 【要点综述】 文章主要阐述了美国的小农场主所具有的优势,同时也分析了目前美国农业所面临的问题,比如新农民很难拥有自己的土地,老龄农民占比高等。 61.B　推理判断题。文章第一段“If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: mum-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.”提到汽车行业,说小型汽车制造商不太可能打败最大的汽车公司。然而农业就不一样了,小农场主也能成为主导。由此可知,作者开篇提到汽车行业,目的是引起下文,说明农业的特色,故选B项。 62.D　细节理解题。文章第二段是通过事例来证明第一段中的“…small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.”(小农场主也可能会超过大农场主)。由此可知,小农场主也可能比大农场主先占领先机,故选D项。 63.C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.” (来自投资者、开发商和老牌大农场主的竞争使得许多新农民无法拥有自己的土地)可知,对于新型的农民来说要拥有自己的土地还是困难重重的,故选C项。 64.A　细节理解题。根据第五段“We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.”可知,在敦促国会增加耕地保护,推动移民改革,寻求确保不同背景下的雄心勃勃且多样化的下一代农民成功的政策的同时,农民应该为一个更可持续、更公平的农业经济寻求更多的支持,故选A项。 语法填空 [2020·浙江7月考] Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56.　　　　,through agriculture. Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57.　　　　 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.   Farming produced more food per person 58.　　　　 hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children. And,as more children were born,more food 59.　　　　　　　 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60.　　　　　　 (change)lives.   By about 6,000 BC,people 61.　　　　　　　　 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,they learned to work with the 62.　　　　 (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 63.　　　　 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.   This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with 64.　　　　 rise of science,changes began. New methods 65.　　　　 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.   【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。 56.in　考查介词。live in是固定词组,表示“在……地方生活”。 57.what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,what引导宾语从句,作depend less on的宾语,由于从句中缺少主语,而且表示物品,故填what。 58.than　考查比较级。根据上文的more food可知,此处是more…than…结构,表示“比……多……”。 59.was needed　考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意“而且随着出生的孩子越来越多,更多的粮食被需要”可知,more food与need构成被动关系,故填was needed。 60.to change　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,“农业使人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。”此处用不定式作后置定语修饰名词technology。 61.had discovered　考查动词的时态。根据by about 6,000 BC可知,其后的谓语动词用过去完成时,故填had discovered。 62.seasons　考查名词复数。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,故填seasons。 63.making　考查现在分词。结合and并列句式结构和上文的planting可知,此处应该填making,而且逻辑主语为they,与make构成主动关系。 64.the　考查冠词。根据下文的rise of science可知,此处是对名词进行限定性修饰,意思是“科学的发展”,故填定冠词the,表示特指。 65.meant　考查动词的时态和语态。结合句意可知,new methods与mean是主谓关系,从句时态为一般过去时,故填meant。 应用文写作 [2023·浙江1月考] 上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道,内容包括: 1.活动的过程; 2.收获与感想。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Getting to know the plants around us     【参考范文】 Getting to know the plants around us Last weekend, I participated in a “Getting to know the plants around us” activity organised by our Students􀆳 Union. The activity began with a lecture by a local botanist, who taught us about the different characteristics and uses of various plant species. We then went on a natural walk to observe and collect samples of different plants. Throughout the event, I was struck by the incredible variety of plants that exist in our world and learned about plants that are used for medical purposes, as well as those that provide food and shelter for animals. I also gained a greater appreciation of the role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. Overall, it was a valuable and enriching experience. 【思路点拨】 本篇应用文写作要求考生为校英文报写篇报道,介绍上周末校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。 注意以下几点:(1)时态: 因为是上周末的事情,因此时态应该以一般过去时为主; (2)要点要全:活动的过程 + 收获与感想; (3)词汇和句型:使用一些高级词汇和亮点句型。 词汇:参与:participate in→attend;使震惊:strike→astonish/surprise。 句型:定语从句,过去分词作定语等。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $