选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Looking into the future-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（人教版）

**基本信息** 精选2023-2024年高考英语真题阅读理解3篇，聚焦科技前沿（生物多样性数据、AI辩论）与社会热点（交通阅读服务），适配一轮复习对真题实战能力的训练需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|12题（30分）|细节理解（如25题故事分类）、推理判断（如33题研究焦点）、词义猜测（如29题“wrinkles”）|情境具时代性（AI辩论、生物采样研究等素材）；问题呈梯度（基础题到能力题）；紧扣高考真题命题趋势|

人教选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Looking into the future 阅读理解 [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读D篇] 　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,videos,and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本),and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favour certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased towards certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” (　)32.What do we know about the records of species collected now? A.They are becoming outdated. B.They are mostly in electronic form. C.They are limited in number. D.They are used for public exhibition. (　)33.What does Daru􀆳s study focus on? A.Threatened species. B.Physical specimens. C.Observational data. D.Mobile applications. (　)34.What has led to the biases according to the study? A.Mistakes in data analysis. B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C.Improper way of sampling. D.Unreliable data collection devices. (　)35.What is Daru􀆳s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A.Review data from certain areas. B.Hire experts to check the records. C.Confirm the identity of the users. D.Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现,当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差。文章说明了造成这些偏差的原因,并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。 32.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知,现在大多数生物多样性的记录通常是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。故选B。 33.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”(这些观察结果现在超过了来自实物标本的原始数据,而且由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:它们能用吗?)和第四段“‘We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’ said Daru.”(Daru说:“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面,比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片,而不是它旁边的草。”)可知,Daru的研究聚焦于观测数据。故选C。 34.C　推理判断题。根据第四段“‘…like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’ said Daru.”以及第五段“Moreover, these data…species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.”可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采集区域、 采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这会导致收集到的数据产生偏差。故选C。 35.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”可知,Daru认为生物多样性应用软件可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片的物种名称。因此,Daru 建议生物多样性应用软件给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 [2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，阅读B篇] Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there􀆳s a kiosk(小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates(检票口) and you􀆳ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It􀆳s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the programme was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we􀆳ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit(交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you􀆳ll never be without something to read. (　)24.Why did BART start the kiosk programme? A.To promote the local culture. B.To discourage phone use. C.To meet passengers􀆳 needs. D.To reduce its running costs. (　)25.How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A.By popularity. B.By length. C.By theme. D.By language. (　)26.What has Trost been doing recently? A.Organizing a story contest. B.Doing a survey of customers. C.Choosing a print publisher. D.Conducting interviews with artists. (　)27.What is Trost􀆳s opinion about BART􀆳s future? A.It will close down. B.Its profits will decline. C.It will expand nationwide. D.Its ridership will increase. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出了自助服务亭,提供短篇故事打印服务,旨在满足乘客的阅读需求,提升出行体验。Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客,对BART的未来持乐观态度,预期乘客量将会增长。 24.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.”可知,我们大多数人还是喜欢阅读纸质材料,所以BART启动自助服务亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求。故选C。 25.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“…you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story…”和“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”可知,自助服务亭中的故事是根据长度来分类的。故选B。 26.A　细节理解题。根据第五段中“‘We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,’ Trost says. ‘And as of right now, we􀆳ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.’”可知,Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛,向湾区的艺术家征集故事,获胜作品将被放入自助服务亭供乘客打印阅读。故选A。 27.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“‘…So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,’ she says.”可知,Trost认为BART通过短篇故事可以吸引更多的乘客,即客流量将会增加。故选D。 [2023·浙江1月考，阅读C篇] A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel􀆳s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There􀆳s never a stage at which the system knows what it􀆳s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that􀆳s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. (　)28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. (　)29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. (　)30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words. (　)31.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。 28.B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel􀆳s former national debating champion.”(上周,在旧金山的一场公开辩论中,一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手,其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)可知,作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是表明Project Debater的聪明。故选B。 29.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.”(尽管Project Debater很聪明,但它也有一些弱点。它从它的文档库和预先构建的论点中提取句子,并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)和“…will no doubt be ironed out…”(……毫无疑问会被解决……)可知,画线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被解决”,画线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”,和errors意思相近,故选C。 30.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”(Hammond所指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序明确规定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上,对于计算机来说,意义是无关紧要的。)可知,根据Hammond的说法,Project Debater不能理解意义,故选B。 31.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.”(意义是通过社会互动的过程,而不是计算的过程产生的,这种互动在我们的头脑中形成了符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中,也存在于我们的头脑之外,存在于社会中,存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)可知,从最后一段中我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $