选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of achievement-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（人教版）

**基本信息** 精选2018-2024年全国卷真题，聚焦“成就人物”主题，涵盖兽医、女性从业者、教师、建筑师等多元领域，融合中西文化案例，注重语言能力与人文素养的综合考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇20题|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|素材兼具时代性与人文性，如2024新课标Ⅰ卷兽医整体医学实践、2023全国乙卷女性医学从业者事迹| |阅读七选五|1篇5题|语篇衔接与逻辑|2020新高考Ⅰ卷聚焦演讲技巧，强化语用能力| |语法填空|1篇10空|非谓语、从句、时态等|2019全国卷Ⅱ以90岁全职员工事迹为情境，考查语法在真实语境中的应用| |应用文写作|1篇|内容整合与表达|2023全国甲卷“用英文讲中国故事”，要求介绍历史人物，体现文化传承与跨文化沟通|

人教选择性必修第一册 Unit 1　People of achievement 阅读理解 [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读B篇] “I am not crazy,” says Dr William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸)on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he􀆳ll have the last laugh. He􀆳s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practising “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale􀆳s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber􀆳s treatments eased her dog􀆳s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right: since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal. That􀆳s my job.” (　)24.What do some of Farber􀆳s coworkers think of him? A.He􀆳s odd. B.He􀆳s strict. C.He􀆳s brave. D.He􀆳s rude. (　)25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A.He was trained in it at university. B.He was inspired by another veterinarian. C.He benefited from it as a patient. D.He wanted to save money for pet owners. (　)26.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B.The complexity of veterinarians􀆳 work. C.Examples of rare animal diseases. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine. (　)27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A.To prove Farber􀆳s point. B.To emphasize its importance. C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了兽医William Farber在从针灸中受益后,奉行中西医结合的整体医学疗法,用针灸、按摩等方式治疗动物并取得了良好疗效。 24.A　推理判断题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知,Farber的一些同事有时会嘲笑他所使用的不寻常的方法,故他们认为他很怪异。故选A。 25.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.”可知,Farber作为患者从针灸中受益,这促使他决定尝试在宠物身上使用针灸。故选C。 26.D　段落大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale􀆳s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber􀆳s treatments eased her dog􀆳s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, ‘moves more easily and rides more comfortably’ after a chiropractic adjustment.”可知,本段主要讲了两个具体的案例。一个是Farber通过整体医学疗法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie,另一个是一匹马Nappy在接受按摩治疗后活动起来更为轻松、骑起来更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学疗法对于治疗动物的有效性。故选D。 27.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.”可知,Farber认为整体医学疗法会越来越受欢迎,随后作者列举了美国整体兽医协会的会员人数已经从30个增加到700多个的例子,因此推断作者提到美国整体兽医协会是为了证明Farber的观点。故选A。 [2023·全国乙卷，阅读A篇] PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania ( c.1322 ) highlights the suspicion that women practising medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practising unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. Tan Yunxian (1461—1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511,Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. James Barry (c.1789—1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practised her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831—1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. (　)21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A.Doing teaching jobs. B.Being hired as physicians. C.Performing surgery. D.Being banned from medicine. (　)22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A.She wrote a book. B.She went through trials. C.She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education. (　)23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B.Tan Yunxian. C.James Barry. D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了四位在医学领域取得了突出成就的女性。 21.C　细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中“…she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”可知,Jacqueline是一名医生并做外科手术;根据James Barry部分中“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813…”可知,她于1813年取得外科医生资格。由此可知,Jacqueline和James的共同之处是她们都做外科手术。故选C项。 22.A　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分中“In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.”可知,谈允贤和其他的行医者的不同之处在于她写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书。故选A项。 23.D　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler部分中“…she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D项。 [2021·新高考全国II卷，阅读C篇] A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World’s Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change,” she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star—into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I’ve seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists more than ever in our schools.” Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria’s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.” It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries.” (　)28.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money? A.Make a movie. B.Build new schools. C.Run a project. D.Help local musicians. (　)29.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools? A.It is particularly difficult. B.It increases artists’ income. C.It opens children’s mind. D.It deserves greater attention. (　)30.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama? A.Moral principles. B.Interpersonal skills. C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews. (　)31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.Bring artists to schools B.When historians meet artists C.Arts education in Britain D.The world’s best arts teacher 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国的一位女士在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万美元的奖金,她用这笔奖金发起了一个项目,让艺术家进入学校,使学生们接受艺术教学的事情。 28.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). ‘We are going to make a change,’ she said. ‘I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.’”可知,Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金启动一个项目。故选C。 29.D　推理判断题。根据文章第五段“‘…is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.’ It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.”可知,Craig-Martin认为英国学校里的艺术教育应被给予更强烈的重视。故选D。 30.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.”可知,Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。 31.A　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). ‘We are going to make a change,’she said.‘I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.’”及第三段“…getting artists of any sort…into schools…”可知,文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目,将艺术家带进学校,以促进艺术教学的事情。故选A。 [2021·全国甲卷，阅读A篇] Take a view,the Landscape(风景)Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria,England It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep,and though it was only a short climb,I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop,to achieve the black-and-white image(图像). Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire,England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe,a local high point,I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest. (　　)1.Who would most probably enter for Take a view? A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists. (　　)2.What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common? A.They are winter images. B.They are in black and white. C.They show mountainous scenes. D.They focus on snow-covered forests. (　　)3.Where can the text be found? A.In a history book. B.In a novel. C.In an art magazine. D.In a biography. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个年度摄影师奖项和两个年度获奖者及其作品。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Take a view,the Landscape(风景)Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.”可知,参加这个奖项评比的人都是摄影师。故选B。 2.A　细节理解题。由 Mike Shepherd部分中第一句“It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air.”和Timothy Smith中第一句“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.”可知,两个人作品的共同点是它们都是关于冬天的景象。故选A。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“…to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.”及对全文的理解可推知, 本文可能选自一本艺术杂志。故选C。 [2018·全国卷III，阅读C篇] While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Centre for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the centre stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,” he said. “Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,” he said. “Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,” said Wang. The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said. 28.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　　　.  A.following the latest world trend B.getting international recognition C.working harder than ever before D.relying on foreign architects 29.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A.Its hilly environment. B.Its large size. C.Its unique style. D.Its diverse functions. 30.What made Wang’s architectural design a success? A.The mixture of different shapes. B.The balance of East and West. C.The use of popular techniques. D.The harmony of old and new. 31.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A.Spread them to the world. B.Preserve them at museums. C.Teach them in universities. D.Recreate them in practice. 【要点综述】 这是一篇介绍人物的记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名的建筑师王澍的建筑风格和成就。他是首位获得普利兹克建筑奖(Pritzker Architecture Prize)的中国人。他把中国传统文化元素融合到现代建筑中,得到了国际建筑界的认可。 28.B　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.”可推知,王澍获得这个大奖是得到了国际上的认可。 29.C　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types…forming a unique view.”可知,这所学校里的建筑物的曲线完美地配合了山丘的起伏,形成了独特的风格。这种独特的风格让参观者感到惊讶,从而给他们留下了深刻的印象。故选C项。 30.D　推理判断题。根据第六段的“Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture…”可知,王澍的作品展示了他对现代建筑和传统的深刻认识。通过达成传统建筑风格与现代建筑风格的平衡,他创造了新型的中国建筑。故选D项。 31.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“The study of traditions should be combined with practice.”可知,王澍认为对传统的研究应该与实践相结合。故选D项。 阅读七选五 [2020·全国新高考I卷] Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16.　　　　 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.   People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”. 17.　　　　 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.   Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 per cent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 18.　　　　   Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19.　　　　 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practise their skills on a consistent basis.   20.　　　　 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.   A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为了成为一名优秀的演说家,你必须掌握的几条原则。 16.G　根据首句“Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.”(许多人天生就是演说家)及其后文“Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.”可知,空格处表示转折,即并非每个人都有天赋,大部分人是经过培训才成为高效的演说家的。 17.A　根据上文“Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the ‘public’ at the expense of the ‘speaking’.”可知,很多时候,当你站起来发表演讲时,你只关注“公众”,而忽略了“演讲”,下文给出的建议“Focus on the speaking.”是让我们关注“演讲”,因此选项A符合语境。 18.C　根据上一句“So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.”(所以,当你犯错误时不要停止演讲,除非它是真正严重的错误)可知,此处应承接上文的观点,即你不需要为一个小失误道歉。 19.B　根据上一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”可知,你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家,此处应承接上文,介绍你的目标是要成为一名高效的演说家。 20.D　根据下文“It’s rare to hear someone say, ‘I wish that speaker had spoken longer.’ On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought… ”可知,高效的演讲不是时间越长越好,要稍微用时短点儿。故选D。 语法填空 [2019·全国卷II] A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for 61. 　　　　(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62. 　　　　she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63. 　　　　(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.  Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 64. 　　　　(declare) she had no plans 65. 　　　　(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66. 　　　　(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 67. 　　　　because I want to.”  Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68. 　　　　(say) she was short-listed,we thought it was 69. 　　　　joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 70. 　　　　(wonder).”  【要点综述】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位90岁的英国女士Irene Astbury因为仍然坚持每周上班,而获得“年度女性”称号的故事。 61.being　考查非谓语动词。空格前面用介词for,后面要用v.-ing的形式作介词的宾语,故填being。 62.which　考查非限制性定语从句。the pet shop是先行词,指物,空格后面的句子中缺少宾语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。 63.finally　考查副词。分析语境可知,此处是副词修饰动词,作状语, 故填finally。 64.declared　考查时态。本句缺少谓语,同时结合空后的had可知,应使用一般过去时。故填declared。 65.to retire　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处表示“她宣布她还没有要退休的计划”。用不定式作plans的后置定语。 66.have made　考查时态。结合空格后面的时间状语over the years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填have made。 67.but　考查连词。此处是“not…but…”结构,意为“不是……而是……”,故填but。 68.saying　考查非谓语动词。say与前面的call之间是主谓关系,故填saying作后置定语,修饰前面的call。 69.a　考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处意为“我们以为这是一个玩笑”。a joke一个玩笑。故填a。 70.wonderful　考查词形转换。前面是系动词is,后面跟形容词作表语,故填wonderful。 应用文写作 [2023·全国甲卷] 你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿,内容包括: 1. 人物简介及事迹; 2. 意义或启示。 注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 题目已为你写好。 A historical figure in China     【思路点拨】 本文要求以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文,属于记叙文类。 写作时应注意: 1. 要点要齐全:(1)直接引出主题——要介绍的历史人物;(2)人物的简介及事迹;(3)意义或启示。 2. 时态:描述经历以一般过去时为主; 意义或启示以现在时为主。 3. 恰当使用一些连词,使文章自然、流畅。 4. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文的档次。 【参考范文】 A historical figure in China I would like to introduce a prominent figure in Chinese history, Confucius. He was born in the state of Lu which is located in present-day Qufu, Shandong Province.Confucius was a great philosopher, educator, and politician who left a profound impact on Chinese culture and society. Confucius believed in the importance of moral values such as respect, loyalty, and kindness. He emphasized the importance of education and self-improvement, which he believed would lead to a harmonious society. His teachings and philosophy were compiled into a book called The Analects, which is still studied by many Chinese today. Despite facing opposition and exile during his lifetime, Confucius􀆳 teachings have continued to influence Chinese society for over 2,000 years. He is still one of the most important figures in Chinese history today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $