必修第二册 Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（人教版）

**基本信息** 该试卷为高中英语一轮复习试题汇编，精选2018-2023年全国甲卷、乙卷及浙江卷真题，涵盖阅读理解、七选五、语法填空三大题型，聚焦城市发展、文化传承等真实情境，强化语言能力与跨文化思维。 **题型特征** |题型|题量|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|----|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇|城市历史（悉尼港口）、社会现象（澳大利亚座机使用）、文化场所（卡迪夫剧院）|以夹叙夹议文为主，设细节理解、推理判断等梯度题，如2022甲卷D篇考查传统与现代冲突| |七选五|2篇|跨文化礼仪（就餐规则）、生活习俗（乔迁宴）|注重语篇逻辑，如2022甲卷通过“请求禁忌”考查文化差异理解| |语法填空|4篇|北京胡同、林肯故居、中国新年装饰等文化主题|融合时态、非谓语等语法点，如2023乙卷用“built system”“recording”考查语言运用|

人教必修第二册 Unit 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 阅读理解 [2022·全国甲卷，阅读D篇] Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia.The city discovered its harbour.Then, one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbour that makes the city. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbour.After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break,I to explore the city. “I’ll miss these old boats,”he said as we parted. “How do you mean?” I asked. “Oh,they’re replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot.But that’s progress, I guess.” Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords(口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving(解决).” On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in this country,”he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians,when they came to Australia,brought 2,000 years of their culture,the Greeks some 3,000 years,and the Chinese more still.We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.” He is right,but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries. (　)32.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.Sydney’s striking architecture. B.The cultural diversity of Sydney. C.The key to Sydney’s development. D.Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. (　)33.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? A.He goes to work by boat. B.He looks forward to a new life. C.He pilots catamarans well. D.He is attached to the old ferries. (　)34.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress. C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international. (　)35.Which statement will the author probably agree with? A.A city can be young and old at the same time. B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic. C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼在发展中面临的问题——悉尼发展成为一个传统文化城市还是现代化城市? 32.C　段落大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbour.”以及“But it is the harbour that makes the city.”可知,本段的大意是:悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。 33.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.”、第三段中的“I’ll miss these old boats…”以及第五段中的“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot.”可知,Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。 34.A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中的“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.”可推知,Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼正在失去它的传统。故选A。 35.A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.”以及最后一段“He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.”可推知,作者认为一座城市可以既年轻又古老。故选A。 [2022·全国甲卷，阅读A篇] Theatres and Entertainment St David’s Hall St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music. The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk The Glee Club Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here. Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ www.glee.co.uk/cardiff Sherman Cymru Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world. Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE www.shermancymru.co.uk New Theatre The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city. Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk (　)21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted? A.At the New Theatre. B.At the Glee Club. C.At Sherman Cymru. D.At St David’s Hall. (　)22.What can people do at the Glee Club? A.Watch musicals. B.Enjoy comedies. C.See family shows. D.Do creative things. (　)23.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre? A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B.www.shermancymru.co.uk C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk 【文章大意】 本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。 21.D　细节理解题。根据文章St David’s Hall部分中的“…St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.”可知,Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St David’s Hall举办。故选D。 22.B　细节理解题。根据文章The Glee Club部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.”可知,人们可以在Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。 23.A　细节理解题。根据文章New Theatre部分中的“…the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre.”及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知,可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站了解Cardiff现存最古老的剧院。故选A。 [2021·全国乙卷，阅读B篇] When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)? These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 per cent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查).Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 per cent say they never use it while a further 13 per cent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 per cent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 per cent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it). How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (　　)24.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones? A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity. C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design. (　　)25.What does the underlined word “concede” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark. (　　)26.What can we say about Baby Boomers? A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers’ identity. C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family. (　　)27.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day. C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。在智能手机日益发展、更新换代的时代,澳大利亚很多人的家里仍保留着座机。文章介绍了这一现象及其背后的原因。 24.B　细节理解题。根据第二段可知,如今在澳大利亚,你很难找到15岁以上却没有手机的人。事实上,很多年龄较小的孩子的口袋里都有一个。几乎每个人都可以在任何地方、任何时候接打电话。由此可知,这一段主要讲到手机在澳大利亚的普及性。故选B。 25.A　词义猜测题。结合上一段可知手机在澳大利亚已经普及,这一段指出但还是有很多家庭保留了座机,其中三分之一的人承认其实这也没有必要,保留座机只是为了安全起见,因此画线单词意为“承认”。故选A。 26.C　推理判断题。根据第四段中“…compared to 84 per cent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.”可知,84% 出生于婴儿潮时期的人的家用电话号码保持了50年,由此可知,他们一直在使用座机。故选C。 27.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?”并结合上文内容可推知,随着时代的发展,总有一天座机会被淘汰。故选B。 [2018·全国卷III，阅读B篇] Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762. 24.What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A.Its business culture. B.Its small population. C.Its geographical position. D.Its favourable climate. 25.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A.Two-thirds of them stayed there. B.One out of five people got rich. C.Almost everyone gave up. D.Half of them died. 26.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A.They found the city too crowded. B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C.They were unable to stand the winter. D.They were short of food. 27.What is the text mainly about? A.The rise and fall of a city. B.The gold rush in Canada. C.Journeys into the wilderness. D.Tourism in Dawson. 【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市的兴衰是有各种各样的原因的。接下来重点介绍了加拿大道森市的历史发展与现状,借此告诉读者城市的兴衰背后的缘由。 24.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知,人们定居在这些地方,是因为这些地方很容易到达,并且适合通信和贸易,接下来以纽约为例,说明了这一点。由此可知,纽约的地理位置吸引着定居者们。故选C项。 25.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.”可推算出,五分之一的淘金者变得富有,也就是说每五个淘金者中就有一个成为富人。故选B项。 26.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“…Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive…when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知,他们离开的原因是想去别处碰碰运气。 27.A　主旨大意题。文章的首句是主题句,城市的兴衰是有各种各样的原因的。之后以美国纽约和加拿大的道森市为例介绍了城市存在的原因。接下来重点介绍加拿大道森市的历史发展与现状。故选A项。 七选五 [2022·全国甲卷] Important things to know when dining out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36.　　　　. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.  Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37.　　　　.  Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38.　　　　, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.  Making Requests 39.　　　　. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.  Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40.　　　　, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.  A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B.The more time you spend in any given country C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D.Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E.It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些不同文化背景下的就餐礼仪。 36.D　根据文章标题“Important things to know when dining out”可知,本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知,D项“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant”符合语境,其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“when dining out”,同时呼应下文内容。故选D。 37.F　根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知,本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.”可知,此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。分析选项可知,F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项,符合此处语境,其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。 38.C　根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知,本段主要讲述的是用手还是餐具就餐的问题。由此可知,C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils”符合语境,且与下文形成转折关系。故选C。 39.G　根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知,本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.”可推知,在一些国家,用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知,G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal”符合此处语境,与下文构成转折,其中“request”是关键词。故选G。 40.B　此处是“the+比较级,the+比较级结构”,故可锁定A、B项。下文“…the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.”中的its指代B项中的any given country,即在一个国家待得越久,就会越习惯当地习俗。故B项“The more time you spend in any given country”符合语境,能够引出下文。故选B。 [2020·全国卷III] A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36.　　　　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.  37.　　　　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.  38.　　　　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.　　　　  Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40.　　　　 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.  A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乔迁庆宴的概念,在参加乔迁庆宴时礼品的选购、礼品类型等事宜以及宴会上的一些风俗。 36.E　 空格前后都是介绍the housewarming party(乔迁庆宴)的相关内容,由此推断空格处仍然和此有关,所以判断E选项“它也给人们一个看看新房子是什么样的机会”可以承接上下文,选项中关键信息为it 和also。故选E。 37.B 　该空格为段首主题句,通读本段可知,本段主要介绍了置办礼物的情况,此处关键信息为gift,B项指出带一件礼物去参加乔迁庆宴是一个传统习俗,符合题意。故选B。 38.C 　下文介绍在乔迁庆宴上主人为前来庆祝的人准备的食物并不多,再结合上一段介绍人们去参加乔迁庆宴可以赠送礼品,由此判断客人可以带食物或饮料来与其他客人分享。C项符合语境。 39.A 　根据上文可知,人们可能会被要求帮忙打开盒子,再结合常识可知,这种情况其实并不多见,A项符合题意。故选A。 40.G 　根据上文“…bring firewood to a new home as a gift.”可知,人们会为乔迁的人家带来柴火,选项G中的keep their home warm for the winter指出冬天时使屋子温暖,正好与此对应。故选G。 语法填空 [2023·全国乙卷] 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61.　　　　　　 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully 62.　　　　　　 (build) system of ring roads.  But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63.　　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural 64.　　　　　　 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.   It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn􀆳t work,65.　　　　　　 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 66.　　　　　　 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67.　　　　　 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 68.　　　　　　 (record) everything I discovered.   The 69.　　　　　　 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,70.　　　　　　 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.  【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了北京的古建筑和现代建筑相融合,主张城市发展要尊重并保护传统文化和文化遗产。 61.to　考查介词。句意:从佛寺到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至连它的布局都是如此,这座城市保存了其精心建造的环路系统。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。 62.built　考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。本空修饰名词短语system of ring roads,被修饰名词短语和动词build之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式作定语。 63.which/that　考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。 64.wonders　考查名词复数。本空名词wonder为可数名词,此处表示的建筑奇迹不止一处,故应用名词的复数形式。 65.but/yet　考查连词。句意:这是一个明显的视觉对比,本应无法协调组合在一起,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界很好地结合在了一起。根据句意可知,本空前后文为转折关系,故本空应用表示转折的连词but或yet。 66.Having visited　考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。 67.was amazed　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意参考上题。本空动作发生在过去,且动词amaze和句子主语I之间为被动关系,故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为I, 助动词用was。 68.recording　考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,“我”花了最近两年的时间记录“我”(在这个城市)发现的一切事物。“spend+一段时间+(in) doing sth”意为“花时间做某事”,故本空应用动名词形式。 69.remarkable　考查形容词。句意:这座城市在步入现代世界的同时有意识地保护过去,其非凡的发展意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,“我”可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。本空修饰名词development,故应用形容词remarkable作定语,意为“非凡的,引人注目的”。 70.means　考查动词时态及主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,本句阐述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且句子主语the remarkable development of this city为第三人称单数,故本空应填means。 [2023·浙江1月考] During China􀆳s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56.　　　　　　 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57.　　　　　　 (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.  In the Ming Dynasty, the centre was the Forbidden City, 58.　　　　　　 (surround) in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59.　　　　　　　　　 (permit) to live closer to the centre of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60.　　　　　　 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61.　　　　　 (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the centre lived the commoners and labourers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62.　　　　　　 (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.  Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing􀆳s long history 63.　　　　　　 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64.　　　　　　 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65.　　　　　 culture of grassroots Beijingers.  【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。 56.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。 57.originally　考查副词。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 58.surrounded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,逻辑主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 59.were permitted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,用被动语态,因为是对过去事实的陈述,应用一般过去时。主语为复数,助动词用were。故填were permitted。 60.featured　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 61.spacious　考查形容词。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 62.simpler　考查形容词比较级。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。 63.as　考查介词。根据句意可知,空格处表示“作为”,as是介词,意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。 64.events　考查名词复数。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,前无限定词,应用复数形式。故填events。 65.the　考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 [2021·浙江卷6月考] It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56.　　　　　　　 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57.　　　　　　　 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58.　　　　　　　 (marry) ceremony in 1842.  When the house was built, it was much 59.　　　　　 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote,“The little home 60.　　　　　　　 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61.　　　　　　　 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.”   Although Mary loved flowers, 62.　　　　　　　 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbour said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63.　　　　　　　 (plant) flowers in the front yard.  64.　　　　　　　 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and 65.　　　　　　　 (sell) most of their furniture.  【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了关于林肯故居的渊源和历史。 56.has proved/has proven　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句中的主语是Lincoln’s home,所以谓语动词用单数形式,同时结合下文的“…since it opened to the public.”可知,主句用现在完成时,故填has proved/has proven。 57.for 　考查介词。此处填介词for,表示“花费了多少钱”。 58.marriage 　考查词形转换。根据语境可知,此处表示“他们的结婚典礼”,所以用marry的名词形式marriage。 59.smaller　考查形容词的比较级。由than可知,此处需要填small的比较级,故填smaller。 60.was painted 　考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句中的主语是the little home,所以谓语动词用单数形式,同时结合语境表示“被漆成了白色”可知,主语和谓语构成被动关系。再结合下文“It was sweet and fresh.”可知,时态为一般过去时,故填was painted。 61.herself 　考查反身代词。根据句意“这所房子就是她自身的反映”可知,此处需用she的反身代词,故填herself。 62.neither 　考查固定搭配。此处是neither…nor…结构,表示“既不……,也不……”。故填neither。 63.to plant　考查非谓语动词。文中句子有谓语,故此处应填不定式to plant,表示目的。 64.The　考查冠词。此处the Lincolns是特定用法,表示“林肯一家”。 65.sold　考查动词的时态。根据上文的rented和并列连词and可知,空处应该用过去时,故填sold。 [2020·全国卷II] Decorating with plants, fruits and flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 61.　　　　 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62.　　　　 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63.　　　　 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.  These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: orange trees are more 64.　　　　 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.　　　　 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.  Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 66.　　　　 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67.　　　　 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68.　　　　 (care) for and make great presents.  Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): the 69.　　　　 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-coloured buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70.　　　　 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.  【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了中国新年用植物、水果和花束进行装饰的传统,并介绍了三种最流行的装饰植物及其象征意义。 61.celebration　考查词形转换。由空前的不定冠词可知,空处需填名词形式。故填celebration。 62.carries　考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且与主句的is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填carries。 63.coming　考查非谓语动词。它们代表世上万物复苏和对新的开始的美好祝愿。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语,和句子谓语represent之间没有连词,和其逻辑主语the earth构成主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。故填coming。 64.than　考查固定搭配。橘子树不仅仅是一种装饰。more than 意为“不仅仅”,是固定搭配。故填than。 65.decorated　考查非谓语动词。你会多次看到它们被红信封等装饰着。see sth done意为“看到某物被……”,为过去分词作宾语补足语。 故填decorated。 66.Certainly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处用副词certainly修饰介词短语during the holiday period,作状语。故填Certainly。 67.with　考查介词。associate…with… 意为“把……与……联系起来”,是固定搭配。故填with。 68.to care　考查非谓语动词。“主系表”结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语(主语+be+adj.+to do)。它们很容易照顾,是很好的馈赠佳品。故填to care。 69.beautiful　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处用形容词beautiful修饰名词branches,作定语,故填beautiful。 70.the　考查定冠词。序数词前用定冠词修饰。故填定冠词the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $