必修第一册 Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习高考真题单元话题分类汇编（人教版）

**基本信息** 精选2018-2023年高考英语真题，涵盖语言演变、文化现象等主题，适配一轮复习的真题实战需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇（8题）|推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测|选用新高考真题，素材涉及人类语言发音发展、语言消亡等跨学科主题，问题设计从细节理解到主旨归纳，层次分明| |语法填空|1篇（10空）|名词、形容词、介词、时态等|以柏林动物园熊猫饲养员英语教学为情境，考查语法知识在真实场景中的应用，贴近生活且具有文化交流意义|

人教必修第一册 Unit 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 阅读理解 [2022·新高考全国I卷，阅读D篇] Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Dami􀅡n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. (　)32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami􀅡n Blasi’s research focus on? A.Its variety. B.Its distribution. C.Its quantity. D.Its development. (　)33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B.They could not open and close their lips easily. C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough. (　)34. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Supporting evidence for the research results. B.Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. (　)35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A.It is key to effective communication. B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. C.It is a complex and dynamic system. D.It drives the evolution of human beings. 【文章大意】 本文是一篇科学研究报告。人类语言包含2000多种不同的发音,为什么某些发音比其他发音更常见呢?一项历时五年的突破性研究表明,与饮食相关的人类咬合变化导致了新的发音产生。 32.D　推理判断题。根据关键词Dami􀅡n Blasi定位到文章第二段最后一句“Now a team of researchers led by Dami􀅡n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.”。这句话指出,由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为何出现的。由此可知,他的团队主要关注人类发音的发展过程。 33.C　推理判断题。根据关键词ancient human adults定位到文章第三段。该段第一句说他们发现,古代成人的上下门牙是对齐的,因此很难发出唇齿音,因为唇齿音是由下唇接触上牙形成的。根据第二句“Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.”可知后来,人类的下巴变成了覆咬合结构,使发出这样的声音变得更容易。由此可知,古代人的下巴结构不利于发出唇齿音,故选C。 34.A　段落大意题。结合第五段可知,对语言数据库的分析还证实,新石器时代之后,世界语言的发音发生了全球变化,“f”和“v”的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些发音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到。由此可知,本段讲了关于研究结果的支持性证据。故选A项。 35.C　推理判断题。根据关键词Steven Moran定位到最后一段。Steven Moran认为:自人类出现以来,我们使用的语言并不是一直保持稳定的,但我们今天发现的各种语言是生物变化和文化进化等事件的复杂的相互作用的产物。由此可知,这是一个复杂的、发展变化的系统。故选C项。 [2018·全国卷I，阅读C篇] Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 29.Which of the following best explains“dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2? A.Complex. B. Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern. 30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200. 31.What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的现象及其原因。 28.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.”可知,当世界上居住的是以狩猎为生的人时,小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式,再根据提到的12,000 languages可推知,当时的语言种类很多。故选B。 29.C　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“…dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为“强大的语言”。故选C。 30.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”和“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半,即3400。故选B。 31.C　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句“Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.”可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年,但在最近时代语言产生得少,消失得太多。故选C。 语法填空 [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷] 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 56.　　　　　　 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57.　　　　　　 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 58.　　　　　　?  Not the pandas, even though 59.　　　　 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60.　　　　　　 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 61.　　　　　　 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 62.　　　　　　 they need an English trainer.  So, what are they learning? 63.　　　　 (basic), how to describe a panda􀆳s life. It􀆳s been an honour to watch the panda programme develop 64.　　　　　　 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl,I 65.　　　　　　 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I􀆳m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.  【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在柏林动物园帮助照顾熊猫的饲养员提高英语水平,以便应对大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国饲养员以及国际记者。 56.arrival　考查名词。句意:自2017年6月以来,就在两只新熊猫梦梦和娇庆到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更加自在和自信地说英语。本空作介词before的宾语,根据空前冠词the可知,本空应用名词形式。 57.confident　考查形容词。根据and可知,本空和空前的形容词comfortable并列,故应用形容词形式。 58.with/to　考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?speak English with/to sb意为“和/对某人说英语”,故本空应用介词with/to。 59.the　考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练说明中使用的语言实际上是英语。空后名词language为可数名词,根据后面used for the medical training instructions可知,此处language表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。 60.visiting　考查非谓语动词。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。 61.interviews　考查名词复数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。interview为可数名词,本空前没有冠词,故应用名词复数形式。 62.why　考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要一名英语教练的原因。本空引导表语从句,根据句意可知,本空在从句中作原因状语,故应用连接副词why。 63.Basically　考查副词。句意:基本上是关于如何描述熊猫的生活。本空置于句首,用逗号和句子隔开,在句中作状语,应用副词形式。 64.and　考查连词。句意:能够见证熊猫计划的发展并看到熊猫们适应新家,这是一份荣耀。根据句意可知,空前to watch the panda programme develop和空后to see the pandas settle into their new home为并列关系,故本空应用并列连词and。 65.wished　考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $