必修第三册 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（word练习）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习课时作业（人教版）

**基本信息** 以“太空探索”主题为核心，整合阅读理解、语法填空、完形填空模块，构建“主题引领-语篇实践-能力提升”的系统性训练，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇说明文（341词+365词）|细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意|围绕“太空对人类影响”“小行星威胁”，训练信息定位与逻辑推断，提升语言理解能力| |语法填空|1篇说明文（235词）|动词形式、代词、介词等语法点|以中国探月计划为载体，考查语法在语篇中的应用，体现文化意识与语言表达的结合| |完形填空|1篇记叙文（247词）|词汇辨析、上下文理解|通过太空探索叙事，培养语境分析与逻辑连贯能力，渗透人类命运共同体意识|

Unit 4　 SPACE EXPLORATION ●ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了NASA的一项新研究发现,太空旅行可能导致宇航员出现短暂的认知减缓,但不会造成永久性损伤,且大脑具有恢复能力,最后强调了该研究对未来太空任务的意义。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Contrary to what you might expect, researchers discovered that while space travellers orbit Earth, they experience some temporary mental slowdowns, including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory.”和第五段“Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth, but they took slightly longer to process information.”可知,宇航员在太空旅行时完成任务的准确性和在地球上一样,但处理信息需要更长时间,也就是对任务的反应时间变长。故选A项。 2.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段“Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut’s cognitive (认知的) abilities. Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient(有适应力的).”可知,在太空待几个月不会永久性地损害宇航员的认知能力,由此可推测画线单词impairment的意思为“损害,损伤”,与damage意义一致。故选B项。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段“Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut’s cognitive (认知的) abilities. Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的).”以及第五段“Some performance changes, like slower attention spans, were only noticeable early in the mission. Others, like reduced processing speed, took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth.”可知,宇航员的部分表现变化(如注意力持续时间变短)仅在任务初期明显,其他变化(如处理速度减慢)在宇航员返回地球后需要稍长时间恢复正常。由此推知,宇航员的大脑功能最终能恢复正常。故选D项。 4.C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,随着人类计划向月球和火星进发,了解大脑对极端环境的反应至关重要。这项研究为未来宇航员提供了基准,帮助规划者预测和减少潜在认知挑战。由此推知,该段主要阐述这项研究的意义。故选C项。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析小行星2024 YR4撞击地球的概率变化、潜在危害及防御策略,传递科学界对天体威胁的理性态度,强调数据更新与国际合作在风险评估中的重要性。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“The chance is expected to go up and down as researchers enhance their understanding of its orbit.” 可知,随着研究人员对小行星轨道的理解加深,撞击概率会发生变化,即轨道计算的改进会导致概率变化。故选 B 项。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第三段“Paul Chodas of NASA’s Near-Earth Object Studies Centre echoes this, stating rising probabilities are expected and the risk will likely disappear. Such variations are common as new data emerges…” 可知,专家提到随着新数据的出现,概率变化是常见的,且风险可能会消失。据此推知,随着更多数据的出现,撞击概率可能会下降。故选D项。 7.B　段落大意题。根据第四段“The ESA said, if the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to that of the Tunguska event, which flattened thousands of square kilometres of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to 100 metres in diameter, the effect will be significantly worse.”可知,该段主要讲述了不同大小的小行星可能造成的潜在破坏。故选 B 项。 8.A　词义猜测题。根据第五段“In 2022 they successfully changed an asteroid’s orbit by crashing a spacecraft into it…” 可知,NASA 通过撞击改变了小行星的轨道,这是deflecting an asteroid的具体行为。据此推知,deflecting意为 “使转向,使改变轨道”,与redirecting意思相近。故选 A 项。 ●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国载人月球探测计划的进展及未来任务安排。 1.progressing　考查非谓语动词。此处是with复合结构,work和progress之间是主动关系,用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填progressing。 2.the　考查冠词。in the early prototyping phase “在早期原型机阶段”,特指这个阶段,用定冠词the。故填the。 3.and　考查连词。前后两个分句之间为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 4.realized　考查非谓语动词。当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,且含有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语和be动词。once引导的条件状语从句的完整形式为“Once this historic mission is realized…”,此处省略了主语和be动词。故填realized。 5.its　考查代词。修饰名词standing(地位;声望),应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 6.launches　考查名词复数。launch“发射”为可数名词,根据two可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填launches。 7.which　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the lander指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 8.to conduct　考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to conduct。 9.eventually　考查副词。修饰动词短语head back to Earth,用副词eventually。故填eventually。 10.has selected　考查时态和主谓一致。根据recently可知,应用现在完成时,主语China为单数,助动词用has。故填has selected。 ●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为宇航员探索新发现的X行星的奇妙经历。 1.A　根据后文“The meteors (流星) we met seemed to be…towards us like bullets.”可知,流星像子弹一样袭来,所以旅程充满困难和挑战。故选A。challenge挑战; pain痛苦; difference差异; joy乐趣。 2.D　根据后文towards us like bullets可知,流星像子弹一样朝他们飞来。故选D。walk步行; point指; look看; fly飞。 3.B　根据前文“The meteors (流星) we met seemed to be…towards us like bullets.”和后文“…and everyone held their breath…”可知,面对流星像子弹一样袭来的危险情况,他们都很紧张。故选B。 relaxing令人放松的;stressful紧张的; boring无聊的; exciting令人激动的。 4.C　根据后文“…the ship to avoid the effects.”可知,船长操纵飞船以避免流星的影响。故选C。 escape逃跑; destroy破坏; operate操作,操纵; abandon抛弃。 5.C　根据后文in a mysterious purple fog可知,这里表示行星被紫色雾气笼罩。故选C。 stick卡住;involve涉及;envelop笼罩;trap困住。 6.A　根据后文some damage during the touchdown可知,起落架在着陆时受到了一些损坏,suffer damage表示“受损”。故选A。 suffer遭受; avoid避免; repair修理;stop停止。 7.D　根据后文“…we were all safe in the end.”可知,虽然起落架受损,但万幸的是最后他们都安全了。故选D。 unluckily不幸地;obviously显然; suddenly突然; thankfully万幸地。 8.D　根据后文by a strange-looking landscape可知,奇特的景色呈现在作者眼前。故选D。 scare使害怕; trouble使烦恼; refuse拒绝; welcome迎接。 9.B　根据后文“…of the planet looked like a barren desert…”可知,此处描述的是行星的表面看起来像沙漠。故选B。shape形状; surface表面; inside内部; structure结构。 10.C　根据后文“…how insignificant we humans are in this vast universe.”可知,作者在收集样本时意识到人类的渺小。故选C。 argue争论; predict预测; realize意识到;explain解释。 11.C　根据后文“…here made me more curious about what else is out there.”可知,每一个新发现让作者更加好奇。故选C。 problem问题; angle角度;discovery发现; change改变。 12.A　根据后文“…the data collected…”可知,他们研究了收集到的数据。故选A。 look into研究,调查; set off出发;carry out实施; hold up举起。 13.B　根据后文more secrets of Planet X可知,作者迫不及待地想揭开X行星的更多的秘密。故选B。 mask掩饰; reveal揭示,揭开; create创造;keep保持。 14.D　根据后文of excitement and exhaustion可知,作者感到既兴奋又疲惫,这是一种混合的感觉。故选D。 culture文化;conclusion结论;solution解决方案; mixture混合。 15.C　根据后文“…we would experience in the future.”可知,作者想知道将来会经历什么样的冒险。故选C。 difficulty困难;emergency紧急情况;adventure冒险;accident事故。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4　 SPACE EXPLORATION (限时:35分钟) 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 ●Ⅰ 阅读理解 A [2025·东北三省四市高三联考] 文体:说明文　主题:人与自然　词数:341 Many of the astronauts going up to space are among the smartest people on the planet. However, a new NASA study has found a surprising effect of space travel—it may actually slow down the human brain. Contrary to what you might expect, researchers discovered that while space travellers orbit Earth, they experience some temporary mental slowdowns, including processing information slower and difficulties with attention and memory. Luckily, the study also finds spending months in space doesn’t permanently scramble (打乱) an astronaut’s cognitive (认知的) abilities. Their overall brain performance remains remarkably resilient (有适应力的). The study examined 25 professional astronauts who spent an average of six months aboard the International Space Station(ISS). Scientists tracked their cognitive performance through a series of rigorous (谨慎的) tests designed to measure everything from processing speed to memory and attention. “We show that there is no evidence of any significant cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative decline in astronauts spending six months on the ISS,” explains Dr Sheena Dev, the study’s lead researcher, in a media release. So what exactly changed? Think of it like your brain running in “low power mode”. Astronauts completed tasks just as accurately as they would on Earth, but they took slightly longer to process information. Processing speed, working memory, and attention were the most affected cognitive fields—similar to how you might feel after a stressful day without enough sleep. The most interesting but unusual finding is how quickly the brain adapts. Some performance changes, like slower attention spans, were only noticeable early in the mission. Others, like reduced processing speed, took a bit longer to return to normal after the astronauts returned to Earth. These insights are more than just scientific curiosity. As humanity looks towards ambitious missions to the Moon and Mars, understanding how the human brain responds to extreme environments becomes crucial. This research provides a baseline for future space explorers, helping mission planners predict and reduce potential cognitive challenges. (　)1.How may astronauts perform during space travel? A.They take longer to respond to the tasks. B.They complete tasks as quickly as on Earth. C.Their cognitive abilities are damaged heavily. D.They spend years recovering their physical health. (　)2.What does the underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Improvement.　　　 B.Damage. C.Development. D.Change. (　)3.What can we learn from the passage? A.Astronauts’ cognitive abilities remain stable wherever they are. B.Astronauts’ performance in space is much worse than that on Earth. C.Astronauts’ attention spans were always slower in the space. D.Astronauts’ brain performance can return to normal later. (　)4.What does the last paragraph mainly about? A.The later plans for space missions. B.The development of cognitive study. C.The significance of the study. D.The future of space exploration. B [2025·安徽省高三模拟联考] 文体:说明文　主题:人与自然　词数:365 Scientists have warned that the risk of a large space rock named 2024 YR4 striking Earth in 2032 has slightly increased. Recent calculations show a 1%-3% chance of impact, but there is still a 97%-99% probability that this near-Earth asteroid (小行星) will miss our planet. The chance is expected to go up and down as researchers enhance their understanding of its orbit. Discovered in December 2023 by a Chilean telescope, 2024 YR4 measures 40-90 metres wide. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) plan to observe it in March using the Webb Telescope before it becomes unobservable until 2028. The initial impact chance was just over 1%, later rising to 3%, though NASA stresses the likelihood remains “extremely low”. Experts say it’s too soon to panic. Larry Denneau of the University of Hawaii notes it is “a curiosity”, urging patience for further analysis. Paul Chodas of NASA’s Near-Earth Object Studies Centre echoes this, stating rising probabilities are expected and the risk will likely disappear. Such variations are common as new data emerges, similar to the 2021 case of asteroid Apophis, where initial concerns were later dismissed after precise observations. Since the details are uncertain, it is unclear where it may hit and what the possible effect will be should it strike Earth. The ESA said, if the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to that of the Tunguska event, which flattened thousands of square kilometres of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to 100 metres in diameter, the effect will be significantly worse. Once the Webb Telescope provides precise measurements, NASA will be able to assess the threat level. NASA already has some experience deflecting an asteroid. In 2022 they successfully changed an asteroid’s orbit by crashing a spacecraft into it, though larger asteroids might require more complex strategies. For now, experts agree there is no immediate cause for concern. Public awareness is vital, but scientific consensus (共识) remains: while monitoring continues, 2024 YR4 poses no actionable risk. As Chodas reassures, “This is part of the process—uncertainty decreases with time and data.” (　)5.What may cause the change in the probability of 2024 YR4’s impact? A.Changes in the asteroid’s size. B.Improvements in orbital calculations. C.Public concern and media influence. D.Limitations of telescope technology. (　)6.Why do experts advise against panic about the asteroid? A.It will pass Earth safely in 2028. B.It is too small in size to cause damage. C.Previous defense missions have already succeeded. D.The impact chance is likely to drop with more data. (　)7.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The methods of asteroid measurement. B.The potential damage of asteroids in different sizes. C.The increasing probability of the asteroid striking Earth. D.The functions of the Webb Telescope in asteroid detection. (　)8.What does the underlined word “deflecting” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Redirecting. B.Remapping. C.Observing. D.Destroying ●Ⅱ 语法填空 [2025·江西省九江市高三三模改编] 文体:说明文　主题:人与自然　词数:235 According to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA), China is steadily advancing its manned lunar exploration programme. With all the research and construction work 1.　　　　　　 (progress) as scheduled, the mission of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach.   Key elements, including the Long March 10 rocket, Mengzhou crewed spacecraft, Lanyue lunar lander, Wangyu lunar suit, and Tansuo crewed rover, are currently in 2.　　　　　　 early prototyping (原型机) phase. Meanwhile, at Hainan’s Wenchang Space Launch Centre, the construction of new facilities is underway 3.　　　　　　 the ground-system designs have been finalized.   Once 4.　　　　　　 (realize), this historic mission will make China the second nation to carry out crewed lunar landings after the US, significantly boosting 5.　　　　　　 (it) global space standing. The mission involves two Long March 10 rocket 6.　　　　　　 (launch) to transport Lanyue and Mengzhou from Wenchang to lunar orbit. After reaching their preset positions, they will rendezvous (汇合) and dock. There, two crew members will transfer to the lander, 7.　　　　　　 will then undock and implement an engine-assisted soft landing. On the moon, they will drive the Tansuo rover 8.　　　　　　 (conduct) scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon completion of their assignments, they will return to the lunar-orbiting spacecraft and 9.　　　　　　 (eventual)head back to Earth.   Recently, to ensure this mission’s success, China 10.　　　　　　 (select) its fourth group of astronauts, who are currently training for lunar landing and surface operations.  ●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2025·安徽省芜湖市高三二模] 文体:记叙文　主题:人与自然　词数:247 As I sat in the spaceship, travelling through the vast space, I was amazed by the greatness of the universe. Our task was to explore a newly-discovered planet, Planet X. The journey was long and filled with 　1　. The meteors (流星) we met seemed to be 　2　 towards us like bullets. It was a(n) 　3　 moment, and everyone held their breath as our captain skilfully 　4　 the ship to avoid the effects.  Finally, we arrived near Planet X. Through the telescope, I saw a planet 　5　 in a mysterious purple fog. Landing on the planet was no easy task because the gravity was stronger than we had expected. Our landing gear (起落架) 　6　 some damage during the touchdown. 　7　, we were all safe in the end.  Stepping out of the ship, I was 　8　 by a strange-looking landscape. The 　9　 of the planet looked like a barren desert with fine sand shining brightly. As I collected samples, I 　10　 how insignificant we humans are in this vast universe. Every new 　11　 here made me more curious about what else is out there.  After 　12　 the data collected, we found that there existed some special chemicals on this planet. I couldn’t wait to 　13　 more secrets of Planet X. As the sun set, I felt a 　14　 of excitement and exhaustion. It was a day of unexpected yet wonderful discoveries and I wondered what 　15　 we would experience in the future.  (　)1.A.challenges 　　　　B.pains C.differences D.joys (　)2.A.walking B.pointing C.looking D.flying (　)3.A.relaxing B.stressful C.boring D.exciting (　)4.A.escaped B.destroyed C.operated D.abandoned (　)5.A.stuck B.involved C.enveloped D.trapped (　)6.A.suffered B.avoided C.repaired D.stopped (　)7.A.Unluckily B.Obviously C.Suddenly D.Thankfully (　)8.A.scared B.troubled C.refused D.welcomed (　)9.A.shape B.surface C.inside D.structure (　)10.A.argued B.predicted C.realized D.explained (　)11.A.problem B.angle C.discovery D.change (　)12.A.looking into B.setting off C.carrying out D.holding up (　)13.A.mask B.reveal C.create D.keep (　)14.A.culture B.conclusion C.solution D.mixture (　)15.A.difficulties B.emergencies C.adventures D.accidents 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $