选择性必修第四册 Unit 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS（PPT课件）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦词汇、语法、阅读、写作等核心模块，依据高考评价体系梳理词性转换、从句应用、短语搭配等关键考点，通过近五年真题及模拟题分析“动词时态语态”“名词性从句”等高频考点权重，归纳阅读理解细节题、语法填空语境填词等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“词汇语境化记忆+考点分层突破+真题实战演练”，如以2024年新课标Ⅱ卷完形填空为例，解析上下文逻辑推理技巧培养思维品质，写作部分提供应用文模板和读后续写细节描写素材提升语言能力。特设“易错陷阱警示”和“答题模板库”，助力学生掌握得分技巧，教师可据此精准规划复习，实现高效备考。

Unit 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 1 语篇词汇串记 考点互动探究 当堂过关检测 语言素养提升 写作素养提升 课时作业 2 1. _________ (locate) to the south of the equator, Australia has a territory of 7.69 million square kilometres. Canberra, the capital city, functions as the 2. ________ (politics) centre with a Prime Minister as the government leader. There are only a handful of cities on the vast land, among which Sydney is the best getaway for tourists. In the city centre,the bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops and barbecue restaurants provide tourists with the premier food experiences. During the peak season, crowds rush in 3. _______ Located political flocks 语篇词汇串记 3 (flock) to the beaches, enjoying water activities ranging from diving to kayaking. The ocean becomes the domain where they enjoy 4. _________ (free). In the evening, watching a performance at the grand iconic Sydney Opera House will be a perfect choice. With a seating capacity of over 2,000, it is one of the biggest art centres of Australia. The Aborigines who are native to Australia are straightforward and friendly. They 5. ____________ (entitle) to special funds to protect their cultural heritage, such as freedom are entitled 语篇词汇串记 didgeridoo, which is a traditional musical instrument made from a hollow branch. Kangaroos and koalas are the symbols of Australia with a wide 6. ___________ (distribute). They are both mammals with a unique biological feature. Kangaroos are raised in their mother's pouch 7. ____________ (temporary) during their baby phase while koalas are always seen hanging onto tree trunks. Although looking cute, they can be 8. _______ (violence). Don't touch them over the fence unless permitted by the experts at 9. _________ (license) zoos; otherwise it will bring about a high 10. __________ (frequent) of safety problems.#1.3 distribution temporarily violent licensed frequency 语篇词汇串记 1 foundation n.创建;基础;地基 (1)lay a solid/firm foundation for sth 为……打下坚实的基础 (2)found vt. 建立;创办 found…on/upon…(=base…on/upon…) 把……建立在……之上 (3)founder n. 创立者;创建者;创办者 考点互动探究 6 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［沪教选必四］In the long term, the Chang'e Programme will lay the ___________ (found) for the manned exploration of Mars and the asteroid belt. foundation ②［沪教选必二］One of these styles was cubism, which grew into an art movement _________ (found) by Picasso and Braque. ③［北师选必一］Ren Zhengfei, the _________ (found) of Huawei, grew up in a mountainous town in Guizhou Province. founded founder 考点互动探究 7 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子/句式升级 ④Thanks to my teacher, under his strict teaching, _____________ ___________________________________________________________ ______. (应用文写作之人物描写) 多亏了我的老师,在他的严格教导下,我已经为未来的职业生涯奠定了 坚实的基础。 I have formed/laid a solid/firm foundation for my future professional career 考点互动探究 8 ⑤Harvard, one of the most famous universities in the US, _____________ in 1636. → _________________, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. (用分词) 哈佛是美国最著名的大学之一,建于1636年。 was founded Founded in 1636 考点互动探究 9 2 located adj. 位于 (1)be located in/on/at… 坐落在……,位于…… (2)locate vt. 找出……的准确位置; 把……安置在(或建造于) locate…in/on/at… 把……放置在…… (3)location n. 位置;所在地 考点互动探究 10 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空/一词多义 ①Dongdu Temple, ________ (locate) in the southeast of Zhangjiagang, is an ideal place to explore, with its strong local features and profound cultural background. located ②［译林选必三］Its _________ (locate) is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken remains. location 考点互动探究 11 ③After several hours of searching, the boy was successfully located, which made us very happy. ___________________ ④The company decided to locate their headquarters in Beijing. ______________________ 找出……的准确位置 把……安置在(或建造于) 考点互动探究 12 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ⑤[2024·浙江1月考读后续写] She used the shadows to navigate in the school hallways, find her classes, and __________________ ______________________.她利用影子在学校走廊里导航,找到自己的 班级,甚至找到学校的各种设施。 even locate the school's various facilities 考点互动探究 13 ⑥ _________________________________, this nature reserve is famous for its beauty and mystery worldwide and its natural landscapes are breathtaking. (应用文写作之景点介绍) 这个自然保护区位于中国西北地区,以其美丽与神秘闻名于世,它的自 然景观令人叹为观止。 Located in the northwest of China 考点互动探究 14 3 entitle vt.给……命名(或题名);使享有权利 (1)entitle sb to sth 使某人享有……权利 entitle sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 (2)be entitled sth 命名为……;题名为…… be entitled to sth 具有享有某物的权利/资格 be entitled to do sth 有权利/资格做某事 (3)title n. 标题;名称;题目;称号;头衔 vt. (给书籍、乐曲等)加标题;定题目 考点互动探究 15 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①There are 23 clubs throughout the US, and your membership entitles you _________ (enjoy) all of them. to enjoy ②［译林选必一］He was fascinated by Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection ________ (entitle) Cathay. entitled 考点互动探究 16 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ③All participants who register before June 1st _______________ a free event T-shirt and a copy of the guidebook.(应用文写作之 通知) 所有 6 月 1 日前报名的参与者，均有权获得一件免费活动T恤和一 本指南手册。 are entitled to 考点互动探究 17 ④Winning the regional competition __________________________ __________________ the national finals, a chance he had been dreaming of for years. 赢得地区比赛使他获得了参加全国总决赛的资格，这是他梦想多年 的机会。 entitled him to participate in/qualified him for 考点互动探究 18 4 freedom n.自由;不受……影响的状态 (1)have the freedom to do/of sth 有(做)……的自由 freedom from 免于 freedom of expression/speech 表达自由/言论自由 (2)free adj. 免费的;自由的,不受约束的 vt. 使自由,释放;解放;使可用(于某目的) be free to do sth 自由做某事 set sb free 释放某人 free…from… 把……从……中释放出来;使……摆脱…… 考点互动探究 19 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［沪教必修一］Unlike the teachers in junior high, teachers here don't set a lot of rules, so we have more _________ (free). ②They planned to extend the car park, ________ (free) existing parking spaces for visitors. freedom freeing ③[2021·全国乙卷] A coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom ______ interruptions. from 考点互动探究 20 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④[2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达] I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child, but as an equal. She _____________ __________________________ and to learn from them all. 我非常尊敬我的母亲,因为她从不把我当孩子看待,而是平等对待。她 给了我犯错误并(让我)从中吸取教训的自由。 gives me the freedom to make mistakes 考点互动探究 21 ⑤Your timely help was like a lighthouse in the storm, ____________________________________. I am truly grateful for your assistance.(应用文写作之感谢信) 您及时的帮助就像风暴中的灯塔,使我从困境中解脱出来。我由衷感 激您的援助。 freeing me from the difficult situation 考点互动探究 22 5 capacity n. 容量;能力#1.3 (1)have a capacity of 有……的容量 have the capacity for (doing) sth 有(做)……的能力 have the capacity to do sth 有做某事的能力 beyond the capacity of… 超出……的能力 with a capacity of 具有……的容量； 具有……的能力 考点互动探究 23 (2)capable adj. 有能力的;能够……的; 足以胜任的 be capable of sth/doing sth 有能力做某事;能做某事 (3)be able to do sth 能够做某事 续表 考点互动探究 24 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［译林选必二］Deep-learning AI has the capacity ___________ (analyse) massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain. to analyse ②The professor's lecture was boring; it went ________ the capacity of his audience. beyond 考点互动探究 25 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子/一句多译 ③Our new stadium, ___________________________________, is now open and will host its first international football match this weekend.(应用文写作之赛事公告) 我们的新体育场可容纳80 000名观众，现已开放，并将于本周末举 办首场国际足球赛。 with a capacity of 80,000 spectators 考点互动探究 26 ④经过数月训练，莉莉终于意识到自己有能力跑完一场全程马拉松， 她的决心鼓舞了身边所有人。(读后续写之成长经历) →After months of training, Lily finally realized she ____________ _____________________________, and her determination inspired everyone around her.(capacity n.) →After months of training, Lily finally realized she ____________ __________________________, and her determination inspired everyone around her. (capable adj.) had the capacity to run a full marathon was capable of running a full marathon 考点互动探究 27 ●a handful of 少数人(或物);一把(的量) a spoonful of 一勺 a mouthful of 一口 a houseful of 一屋子 ［温馨提示］a handful of既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词, 既可以接人也可以接物。 考点互动探究 28 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①A handful of junior officers ____________ (make) to bear responsibility for yesterday's incident. ②The hungry boy bit a __________ (mouth) of bread, and swallowed it quickly. were made mouthful ③[2023·浙江1月考] He gathered _________ (handful) of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and lit the bunch to create a torch(火把). handfuls 考点互动探究 29 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④The old café was quiet, with ______________________________ _________ the window, sipping coffee and reading newspapers.(读后续写之场景描写) 那家老咖啡馆很安静，只有几个顾客坐在窗边，小口喝着咖啡看着 报纸。 only a handful of customers sitting by ⑤When the lecturer came in, he found that __________________ ___________________ waiting eagerly for his speech. 当演讲者进来时,他发现满屋的学生都在急切地等待他的演讲。 there were a houseful of students 考点互动探究 30 ● (教材P15)Personally speaking, what I like most about Australia is the people themselves. 就我个人而言,澳大利亚让我最喜欢的就是这里的人民。 句型公式 what引导的主语从句 考点互动探究 31 【句式点拨】 句中what I like most about Australia…是what引导的主语从句,且 what在从句中作like的宾语。what 引导名词性从句时,常含有事情、 状况、言语、时间和地点的意味。 ［温馨提示］that引导名词性从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何 成分,无意义,在宾语从句中通常省略,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句中均不能省略。#1.5.2 考点互动探究 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①[2024·浙江1月考] If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's ______ they'll promote. ②After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in ______ later proved to be a new continent. ③ _____ the moon travels round the earth once every month is known to everyone. what what That 考点互动探究 33 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] _______________ gave me a great deal of encouragement, which inspired my motivation to writing.你说的话给了我很大的鼓励,这激发了我写作的动力。 What you said ⑤She waited anxiously for her turn. Finally, __________________ _________, the hostess announced “Lily”.(读后续写之心理描写) 她焦急地等待轮到她。最后,在好像过了好几天后,女主持人宣布了 “莉莉”(的名字)。 after what seemed like days 考点互动探究 34 Ⅰ 单句填空 1.The __________ (frequent)of earthquakes in this area is relatively high, so the local government has taken many preventive measures. frequency 2.After years of hard work, she finally gained the financial _________ (free) to travel the world and explore new cultures. 3.［沪教选必一］The volunteers were proud to see the poor children wear the new clothes ___________ (sponsor) by them. freedom sponsored 4.［外研选必四］After I went on TV, a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its ___________ (distribute). distribution 当堂过关检测 35 5.［译林选必三］Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of _________ (violent). violence 6.[2023·浙江1月考] A cool summer had delayed __________ (hatch). Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). 7. _________ (locate) in a quiet spot near the river, the hotel attracts a lot of people to stay. 8.They are living in a ____________ (temporary) rented apartment while their new house is being built. hatching Located temporarily 当堂过关检测 36 9. __________ (political)speaking, this decision will have far- reaching implications for the future of the region. 10.The sudden _________ (vibrate) of the ground, caused by the passing subway, made the windows shake violently. 11.If the two parties _______ (joint) cooperate in this area, they will be able to achieve greater success than they could alone. 12.Because he is a _________ (license) professional, he is often invited to give lectures on this subject. Politically vibration jointly licensed 当堂过关检测 37 13.［外研必修三］Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a ___________ (found) to encourage more people to help. 14.It was the waiter's warm ___________ (friendly), rather than the food itself, that made our dining experience unforgettable. foundation friendliness 15.［上外必修二］You may experience a “honeymoon” phase, _______ you find everything new and exciting or even better than your home country. where 当堂过关检测 38 Ⅱ 短语检测 1. ___________ (一群) seagulls circled overhead as the boat sailed into the port. 2.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] I bought _____________ (一把,少数) perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. A flock of a handful of 3.It was during the spring break three years ago that I _____________ (偶然遇见，发现) an old photo album from my childhood. came across 当堂过关检测 39 4.Students from five different countries __________ (组成)the international club, bringing diverse cultures together. 5.In many cultures, the moon ________________ (被称为，被视为) a symbol of beauty and mystery. 6.Many people come to see the unique flower that ____________ (原产于) this part of the island. make up is referred to as is native to 当堂过关检测 40 Ⅲ 句型写作 1. _________________________________________________________ ________ was built over 800 years ago. (应用文写作之景点介绍) 据说山脚下的古寺建于 800 多年前。 It is said that the ancient temple at the foot of the mountain 2.The school is going to hold a cultural festival next month. ______________________________, a variety of performances and exhibitions will be arranged during the festival.(应用文写作 之通知) 学校下个月将举办一个文化节。为了丰富学生的校园生活,节日期间 将安排各种各样的表演和展览。 To enrich students' campus life 当堂过关检测 41 3.We visited five historical towns in the region, _______________ _______________________________________________.(介词+关系代 词) (应用文写作之景点介绍) 我们游览了该地区的五个历史古镇，其中最小的那个给我们留下了 最深刻的印象。 among which the smallest one left the deepest impression on us 当堂过关检测 42 4. __________________________________ is the poor service in your restaurant. _________________ was a warm welcome and efficient service, but ___________ instead was long-waiting time and unresponsive waiters.(what引导的主语从句) (应用文写作之投 诉信) 最让我恼怒的是你们餐厅糟糕的服务。我期望的是热情的接待和高 效的服务,但我得到的却是漫长的等待时间和反应迟钝的服务员。 What has annoyed/annoys me most What I expected what I got 当堂过关检测 43 Ⅰ 动词变形练 1.He _____ (tear) a page out of his notebook and handed it to her. tore 2.She _________ (tear) between accepting the job offer in another city and staying with her family—both choices had their own appeal. was torn 3.He _________ (tell) that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work. was told 语言素养提升 44 4.This ancient temple ___________ (think) to be one of the best-preserved wooden buildings in northern China. 5.At the sight of his mother, the little boy ran up and _______ (throw) his arms around her. 6.Satisfied with the service, she _______ (tip) the waiter a dollar. is thought threw tipped 语言素养提升 45 Ⅱ 构词法规则 构词法 动词后缀-fy表示“使成为, 使……化” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.[2025·北京卷] So, being an adult isn't just holding a job. Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions. ______ 识别 语言素养提升 46 2.[2023·全国乙卷] She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. __________ 3.Eighty-nine percent of respondents said emojis simplify communicating across language barriers. ______ 4.Millions of years ago, changes in the earth's climate caused animal and plant life to diversify. ___________ 5.Indoor plants like snake plants and spider plants can purify the air by absorbing harmful chemicals. ______ 取得资格 简化 (使)多样化 净化 语言素养提升 47 Ⅲ 熟词生义练 指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义 1.solid ①The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen solid. ________ ②The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful. ________________ ③The engineer designed a solid steel beam to support the weight of the bridge and ensure its structural integrity. ________ 坚硬的 可靠的;可信赖的 实心的 语言素养提升 48 2.some ①[2021·北京卷] It seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century. __________ 某个,某一 ②[2022·全国乙卷] This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. ______ 大约 语言素养提升 49 3.sound ①All I'm hoping for is that wherever Trevor is he will come home safe and sound. ______________ ②He gave me some very sound advice. ________ ③He was sound asleep within moments of getting into bed. ______________ 健康的,完好的 合理的 酣(睡),(睡得)沉 语言素养提升 50 4.spare ①[2025·全国一卷] Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person… ____________ ②I'd love to have a break, but I can't spare the time just now. ____________ ③He spared no effort to make her happy again. ________ 免去，免遭 抽出，匀出 不吝惜 语言素养提升 51 5.spot ①[2023·全国乙卷] I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. __________ 地点,场所 ②[2025·北京卷] First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. __________ ③She was wearing a black skirt with white spots. ________ 找到;发现 点,斑点 语言素养提升 52 6.stamp ①A date stamp inside the front cover of a library book shows when it should be returned. ______ ②The little boy was stamping his foot and refusing to take his medicine. ____ 印,戳 跺 语言素养提升 53 Part Ⅰ 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Michael对中国文化和旅游兴趣浓 厚。你得知名为“Discover China”的旅行团将于今年暑期组织为期两 周的深度游。请你用英语写一封电子邮件，向他介绍以下信息并鼓 励报名： 1.基本信息(出发时间、行程城市及特色体验); 2.报名方式及截止日期。 写作素养提升 54 写作素养提升 55 Dear Michael, 1. _____________________________________________________ (知道你对中国文化和旅游有着浓厚的兴趣), I'm thrilled to share news about the “Discover China” tour! 2. _______________________(于7月15日出发), the two-week tour will take you to Beijing, Xi'an, and Chengdu—cities boasting unique charms. In Beijing, you'll visit the Forbidden City, 3. ____________________________________________ Knowing your keen interest in Chinese culture and travel Kicking off on July 15th where ancient palaces tell stories of emperors 写作素养提升 56 (那里的古老宫殿诉说着帝王的故事); in Xi'an, terracotta warriors will amaze you with their grandeur; in Chengdu, 4. ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ (与大熊猫互动以及 学习川剧变脸会让你的旅途难以忘怀). To join, send an e-mail to discoverchina@tourism.com by June 30th. This tour, 5. _____________________________________ ________________ (融合了历史、自然与当地生活，非常适合你). Don't miss it! Yours, Li Hua#1.5 interacting with giant pandas and learning Sichuan Opera face- changing will make your trip unforgettable blending history, nature and local life, is perfect for you 写作素养提升 Part Ⅱ 读后续写 33.外貌细节描写(三) 【语言素材】 瘦削的脸 a thin/lean face 英俊的 handsome 中等个子 medium height 尖下巴 a pointed chin 直发 straight hair 卷发 curly hair 凹陷的眼 睛 sunken eyes 闪闪发光 的眼睛 bright/sparkling/twinkling/ shining/radiant eyes 写作素养提升 58 粗糙的皮 肤 rough skin 衣着朴素 plainly-dressed 弯弯的眉 毛 arched eyebrows 丰满的嘴 唇 full lips 浓密的胡 子 a bushy/thick mustache 粗犷的外 表 rugged appearance 饱经风霜 的脸 weather-beaten face 相貌平平 plain/ordinary-looking 续表 写作素养提升 59 【跟踪演练】 Ⅰ 单句表达 1.He was of _______________ with blond hair and light blue eyes. 他中等个子,金发碧眼。 medium height 2.He has round full cheeks, large radiant eyes, a pointed chin and ______________. 他有着圆润饱满的脸颊,明亮的大眼睛,尖下巴和大嘴巴。 a wide mouth 写作素养提升 60 3.Albert was a lovely little boy with ______________ and _____________________ that was usually messy. 阿尔伯特是一个可爱的小男孩,脸颊圆乎乎的,浓密的黑色头发常常乱 成一团。 round cheeks bushy/thick black hair 4.She looked old and thin with ______________________. 她看上去又老又瘦,有着一双凹陷的眼睛。 a pair of sunken eyes 5.He was in his early forties, tall and blond with ____________ _________. 他四十出头,高个子,长着一头金发和一双闪闪发光的蓝眼睛。 sparkling blue eyes 写作素养提升 61 Ⅱ 语段表达(外貌描写) Yesterday, as I was hurrying through the busy market, I tripped over a rock on the way and fell heavily on the road. When I was struggling to stand up, a big and friendly hand gently helped me up. When I looked up, I spotted a man with 1. _____________________(粗犷的外貌). He stood at least six feet tall with 2. ___________________________ (宽阔而结实的双肩).On his 3. ____________________ (饱经风霜的脸), there was a rugged appearance broad and strong shoulders weather-beaten face 写作素养提升 62 4. ______________________(一双凹陷的眼睛). His 5. _____________ _________________________________ (粗糙的皮肤和额头上深深的 皱纹) seemed to tell a story of a life lived outdoors. 6. _________________ (浓密的胡子) covered the lower half of his face, giving him an air of roughness. I was so grateful for his help that I kept thanking him. Knowing that I was alright, he walked on and disappeared into the crowd.#1 a pair of sunken eyes rough skin and deep wrinkles on the forehead A thick mustache 写作素养提升 课 时 作 业 64 (限时：35分钟) Ⅰ阅读理解 A[2025·福建省龙岩市高三二模] 文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:347 Scientists tell us that when a bird silently nods off, it may dream as its singing muscles make sudden quick movements. Could it be rehearsing (排练) in its sleep? A substantial part of bird species are songbirds with specific brain regions dedicated to learning songs, according to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 65 University of Buenos Aires physicist Gabriel B. Mindlin. His research examines connections between birds' dreams and song production—particularly in Zebra Finches, which often learn new sounds and songs, and in Great Kiskadees, which possess a limited born song learning capacity. Scientists had previously observed sleeping birds making movements like lip-syncing (对口型). In earlier work, Mindlin and his colleagues implanted electrodes in two Zebra Finches; for a recent study in Chaos, they did the same for two Great 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 Kiskadees. This let them record and compare neuron (神经元) and muscle activity in the sleeping birds. “When awake, Zebra Finches sing a well-regulated line of discontinuous notes. But their sleeping song movements are disjointed—rather like a dream,” Mindlin says. A sleeping finch seems to silently practise a few “notes” and then add another, producing a pattern of muscle activity that reminds Mindlin “of learning a musical instrument”. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 Such “rehearsing” appears far less likely in the non-learning Great Kiskadees, says study co-author Ana Amador, a neuroscientist also at the University of Buenos Aires. For the new research, the scientists ran this species' sensor output through a mathematical model Mindlin recently developed to translate muscle movements into hearable sounds. The Kiskadees' sleeping tune comprised quick, identical note syllables that sounded astonishingly loud and strong—“more like a nightmare than a dream,” Amador says. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 University of Chicago neuroscientist Daniel Margoliash says the new results agree with his own observations of sleeping birds' neurons. But he advises caution in describing this sleep activity as “dreaming”. Future work should more closely examine the sleep states the birds experience during this process, he says—including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, a sleep stage that is closely associated with dreaming in other animals.#1.1.6 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述科学家研究鸟类睡 眠时的情况及与唱歌的联系。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 ( )1.What does Mindlin's study focus on? A.Singing-learning ability of sleeping birds. B.Dreams-song production links in birds. C.Birds' brain operation during sleep. D.Mathematical model development. [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段 “His research examines connections between birds' dreams and song production…” 可知， Mindlin 的研究聚焦于鸟类的梦境与鸣叫产生之间的联系。故选 B 项。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 70 ( )2.What did Mindlin's team do in a recent study? A.They observed the movement of lip-syncing. B.They analysed the birds' sleeping habits. C.They tracked sleeping birds' muscle responses. D.They compared the singing skills of different birds. [解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段 “In earlier work, Mindlin and…activity in the sleeping birds.” 可知，Mindlin的团队在近期研 究中给鸟类植入电极，以记录和对比它们睡眠时的神经元及肌肉活 动，即追踪睡眠中鸟类的肌肉反应。故选 C 项。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 71 ( )3.How do the studied birds differ in sleep singing? A.Frequency of electrode implants. B.Brain region activation patterns. C.Song complexity and continuity. D.Preferred sleeping environments. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 72 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段 “‘When awake, Zebra Finches sing a well-regulated line of discontinuous notes. But their sleeping song movements are disjointed…’…A sleeping finch seems to silently practise a few ‘notes’ and then add another…” 以及第五段 “The Kiskadees' sleeping tune comprised quick, identical note syllables…”可知，斑胸草雀睡眠时的鸣叫动作不连贯， 会练习几个音符后再添加新的；而大食蝇霸鹟睡眠时的鸣叫是快速 且相同的音节。两者在鸣叫的复杂性和连续性上存在差异。据此推 断，被研究的鸟类在睡眠鸣叫方面的不同在于鸣叫的复杂性和连续 性。故选 C 项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 73 ( )4.What can be the best title for this text? A.The mystery of bird singing B.Muscle movements in sleeping birds C.Sleeping like dreaming D.Musical rehearsal in birds' sleep √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 74 [解析] 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出鸟类睡眠时可能在排练鸣叫的 疑问，后续段落围绕 Mindlin 团队对斑胸草雀和大食蝇霸鹟睡眠时 鸣叫的相关活动的研究展开，核心是探讨鸟类在睡眠中是否进行鸣 叫排练。D选项“鸟类睡眠中的音乐排练”最适合作为文章标题。故选 D项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 75 B[2025·山西省临汾市高三二模] 文体:说明文 主题:人与自然 词数:329 A green belt that stretches for 2,000 hectares (公顷) now completely rings the city of Ouagadougou. It began life back in the 1970s and its original aim is to reforest 2,100 hectares at an annual rate of 100 hectares against the desert that lies beyond the greenery, just a few steps away.But a new stimulus has recently been given to the project, which seeks, beyond holding back the desert, to fight the heat and promote urban 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 76 agriculture to help feed a city that has doubled its population in just 14 years. The deadly heatwaves that hit the country in 2024 hammered home the urgency of what is now a vital project for the city. “One of the objectives of the green belt is to lower the city's temperature; that's why we're also planting trees,” said Moumini Sawadogo of the Spanish Red Cross, which financed a 2-hectare garden as part of the belt, including the construction of two water wells and training in agroecology. Research has 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 shown that botanical gardens are the green spaces with the greatest capacity to lower city temperatures and that sites such as Royal Botanical Garden in London reduced air temperature during the heatwaves in the city streets by an average of 5 . City residents can have a plot of six beds. Cabbage, onion, mint, lettuce and papaya are now found in the plots. “My suffering has decreased because I have food and earn money,” said Ibundo, 55, who has lived his entire life collecting stones to sell—a job for those seeking to earn a daily living by any 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 means. The belt can also offer a solution to people fleeing rural areas, who are accustomed to working the land, like Lassina Kahoré, 54, who used to work as a cereal farmer, but had to give up his farm. He now looks after six beds of lettuce. “Where deserts once stole our hope, these leaves now write new stories,” he said.#6 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了瓦加杜古的绿化带项 目，包括其目的演变、降温作用及给居民生活带来的积极影响。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 ( )5.What is the initial goal of the green belt? A.To increase vegetable output. B.To expand forest coverage. C.To prevent land desertification. D.To conserve water resources. [解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“It began life back in the 1970s…just a few steps away.”可知，绿化带项目最初的目标是以每 年 100 公顷的速度重新造林 2100 公顷来对抗不远处的沙漠，也就 是防止土地沙漠化。故选C。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 80 ( )6.What do the underlined words “hammered home” probably mean? A.Hit. B.Emphasized. C.Addressed. D.Ignored. [解析] 词义猜测题。根据第一段“The deadly heatwaves that hit the country in 2024 hammered home the urgency of what is now a vital project for the city.”可知，2024 年袭击该国的致命热 浪使得这个对城市至关重要的项目的紧迫性更加突出，由此可推测 画线部分hammered home的意思是“强调”，与B项意思相近。故选B。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 81 ( )7.Why is Royal Botanical Garden in London mentioned? A.To demonstrate the aid of Red Cross. B.To prove the success of the green belt. C.To illustrate the concept of designing gardens. D.To show the cooling effect of botanical gardens. [解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段“Research has shown that…in the city streets by an average of 5 .”可知，提到伦敦皇家植物园是为 了以其为例展示植物园的降温效果。故选D。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 82 ( )8.What does Lassina Kahoré's statement imply? A.The benefits of global cooperation. B.Improved quality of life by the project. C.The necessity of training in agriculture. D.Collective efforts made by local residents. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 83 [解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Where deserts once stole our hope, these leaves now write new stories…”以及前文提到像 Lassina Kahoré 这样的人以前的生活状况和现在在绿化带工作的情 况可知，他说的话表明曾经沙漠夺走了他们的希望，而现在绿化带 的蔬菜(叶子)给他们带来了新的生活，这意味着这个项目提高了他们 的生活质量。故选 B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 84 Ⅱ语法填空［2025·安徽省A10联盟高三三模］ 文体:新闻报道 主题:人与自然 词数:208 On April 11, 2025, two Chinese geographical wonders were added to the UNESCO Global Geopark list. Particularly noteworthy is Yunyang Geopark in Chongqing, 1. ____ extraordinary prehistoric “dinosaur kingdom”. Yunyang's story began with a significant moment in 2014: a local youth's accidental discovery of dinosaur bones sparked years of excavation. These efforts revealed the world's largest an 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 85 Jurassic fossil wall, 2. _______ measures 150 metres in length and 6-10 metres in height. Scientists 3. ________________ (astonish) when calculating its dimensions. Spanning 1,124 km, the geopark combines two treasures: abundant dinosaur fossils 4. _____ breathtaking karst landscapes. The fossils found here are 5. ________ (global) significant, and these 6. ________ (remain) bridge gaps in our understanding of how dinosaurs adapted to their ever-changing environments. which were astonished and globally remains 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 Today, Yunyang serves as not just a site of study but a living museum. By combining scientific conservation with cultural tourism, it is bringing dinosaur culture 7. ____ life through cutting-edge technology like VR and AR. These innovations aim 8. ___________ (engage) people of all ages, making the 165- million-year-old heritage both 9. __________ (access) and thrilling. With these additions, China now leads the world with 49 UNESCO geoparks. This achievement reflects not only the to to engage accessible 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 country's geological pride but also its enormous devotion to 10. ___________ (preserve) Earth's natural and cultural legacy for future generations.#1.1.4 preserving 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了中国云阳被列为联 合国教科文组织世界地质公园的情况，强调其通过丰富的恐龙化石 和创新的科技手段如VR、AR来展现史前风貌，并指出中国现拥有49 个世界地质公园，居全球之首，体现了中国在保护地质遗产方面所 做的努力。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 1. ____ an [解析] 考查冠词。这里表示“一个非凡的史前‘恐龙王国’”，所以应用 不定冠词表泛指，且extraordinary以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 故填an。 2. _______ which [解析] 考查定语从句。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词fossil wall指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 89 3. ________________ were astonished [解析] 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此空考查谓语动词， scientists与astonish为被动关系，且动作发生在过去(2014 年)，所以 应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填 were astonished。 4. _____ and [解析] 考查连词。abundant dinosaur fossils与breathtaking karst landscapes为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 90 5. ________ globally [解析] 考查副词。修饰形容词significant应用副词globally作状语。 故填globally。 6. ________ remains [解析] 考查名词复数。空处作主语，应用名词，remain意为“遗迹， 遗骸”时，是可数名词，由these及空后谓语动词bridge可知，此处应 用复数形式remains。故填remains。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 91 7. ____ to [解析] 考查固定搭配。这里考查bring…to life，为固定短语，意为 “使……焕发生机”。故填to。 8. ___________ to engage [解析] 考查非谓语动词。这里考查aim to do sth，为固定用法，意 为“旨在做某事”，所以应用不定式作宾语。故填to engage。 9. __________ accessible [解析] 考查形容词。此空与thrilling并列作宾补，用形容词accessible， 表示“可接近的；容易理解的”。故填accessible。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 92 10. ___________ preserving [解析] 考查非谓语动词。这里考查devotion to doing sth，为固定 结构，意为“对……的投入”，to为介词，后接动名词preserving。故 填preserving。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 时 作 业 93 Ⅲ完形填空［2024·新课标Ⅱ卷］ 文体:记叙文 主题:人与社会 词数:237 When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked travelling in France, but when it came to picking my favourite spot to . .1. ., Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I . .2. . to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to . .3. . a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and . .4. . my 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 94 language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language . .5. .. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how . .6. . Italians are. Neighbours will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to . .7. . me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small . .8. . of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my . .9. . quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional . .10. ., and every family keeps a recipe passed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 from one generation to another. Families . .11. . for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can . .12. .. These meals are always . .13. . by laughter and joy. Whatever . .14. . life in Italy might have, the problems are . .15. . once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.#4 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择 在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 ( )1.A.study B.rent C.visit D.settle [解析] 根据第二段中“After I made Italy my permanent home…”以 及“…make a new country feel like home.”可知,此处指作者最喜欢 的定居地点。故选D。study学习;rent出租;visit参观,拜访;settle定居,定 下心来,解决。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 97 ( )2.A.planned B.struggled C.refused D.happened [解析] 根据上文during my first visit to Italy和下文“But every time I tried to…a sentence of Italian together…”可知,此处指作者第一次 到意大利,语言不通,很难交流。struggle to do sth意为“做某事很吃 力”。故选B。plan计划;struggle斗争,挣扎,努力;refuse拒绝;happen发 生,碰巧。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 98 ( )3.A.string B.hang C.mix D.match [解析] 根据下文a sentence of Italian together可知,此处指作者努 力说一句意大利语。故选A。string串起,把……连在一起;hang悬 挂;mix混合;match配对。 ( )4.A.improved B.assessed C.admired D.praised [解析] 根据上文“…the locals smiled at me…”以及下文that encouragement可知,此处指作者尝试说意大利语,当地人赞扬作者的 语言能力。故选D。improve改进;assess评估;admire钦佩;praise赞扬。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 99 ( )5.A.course B.barrier C.area D.test [解析] 根据上文“…the locals smiled at me and…my language skills. That encouragement helped me…”可知,此处指当地人对作者 的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。course课程;barrier障碍;area 区域;test测试。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 100 ( )6.A.open-minded B.strong-willed C.warm-hearted D.well-informed [解析] 根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbours will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to…me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,此处指邻居是热心的。 故选C。open-minded思想开明的;strong-willed意志坚定的;warm- hearted热心的;well-informed见多识广的。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 101 ( )7.A.remind B.allow C.persuade D.order [解析] 根据上文邻居的热心行为可知,此处指邻居在下雨的时候来作 者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。remind提醒;allow允许;persuade 说服;order命令。 ( )8.A.tricks B.promises C.acts D.duties [解析] 根据上文邻居的热心行为可知,此处指这些小小的善举让一个 新国家感觉像家。act of kindness意为“善举”。故选C。trick技巧,诡 计;promise承诺;act行为;duty职责。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 102 ( )9.A.ambition B.success C.appetite D.growth [解析] 根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach…”可知,此处指作者是一个美食家,要抓住他的心需要先 抓住他的胃,所以此处指刺激食欲。故选C。ambition雄心,野 心;success成功;appetite食欲;growth成长。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 103 ( )10.A.costume B.dish C.symbol D.tale [解析] 根据上下文可知,本段内容与意大利美食有关。再结合下文 “…every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.”可知,此处指意大利每个城镇都有传统菜肴。故选B。 costume服装;dish菜肴;symbol符号;tale故事。 ( )11.A.gather B.cheer C.leave D.wait [解析] 根据下文“These meals are always…by laughter and joy.”和 a big meal with friends and family可知,此处指一家人聚在一起吃 饭。故选A。gather聚集;cheer欢呼;leave离开,落下;wait等待。 √ √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 104 ( )12.A.put up with B.stand up for C.come up with D.make up for [解析] 根据上文“…whatever other excuses they can…”可知,此处指 家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的任何理由。故选C。put up with 容忍;stand up for捍卫,支持;come up with想出;make up for弥补。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 105 ( )13.A.signaled B.confirmed C.represented D.accompanied [解析] 根据下文by laughter and joy可知,此处指家人们伴随着欢声 笑语一起用餐。be accompanied by意为“伴随着……”。故选D。 signal示意;confirm确认;represent代表;accompany伴随。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 106 ( )14.A.disadvantages B.meanings C.surprises D.opportunities [解析] 根据下文the problems可知,此处指在意大利的生活有什么不 如意之处。故选A。disadvantage缺点;meaning含义;surprise惊 奇;opportunity机会。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 107 ( )15.A.created B.forgotten C.understood D.identified [解析] 根据全文内容可知,本文描述了作者对意大利的热爱,由此可知, 此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处,一旦跟朋友和家人坐 下吃一顿美餐,很多问题都能被抛到脑后。故选B。create创造;forget 忘记;understand理解;identify确认。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 时 作 业 108 重点词句回顾 A.词汇积累 1.substantial adj. 大量的；实质性的 2.discontinuous adj. 不连续的；间断的 3.disjointed adj. 不连贯的；支离破碎的 4.objective n.目标 5.finance vt.提供资金 n.金融；资金 6.prehistoric adj.史前的 课 时 作 业 109 B.熟词生义 1.note n. (熟义) 笔记；便条 → n. (生义) 音符 When awake, Zebra Finches sing a well-regulated line of discontinuous notes. (阅读A) 【译文】 醒着的时候，斑胸草雀会唱出一连串节奏规整但不连续的 音符。 2.ring n. (熟义) 环形物 → v.(生义) 环绕，包围 A green belt that stretches for 2,000 hectares (公顷) now completely rings the city of Ouagadougou. (阅读B) 【译文】一条绵延 2000 公顷的绿化带如今完全环绕着瓦加杜古市。 课 时 作 业 110 $