非谓语动词---to do 课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦非谓语动词中的动词不定式，系统覆盖构成、否定形式、句法功能、特殊疑问词搭配及拔高巩固，通过从基础构成到复杂句法功能的递进讲解，搭建清晰的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握知识点。 其亮点在于结合分层练习与口诀辅助，如“人用of，事用for”口诀助力it作形式主语理解，分点解析句法功能并搭配实例，提升学生语言能力与学习能力。“小试牛刀”等练习及时巩固，教师可直接用于课堂，学生能高效掌握不定式用法，提升英语应用能力。

人 教 版 非谓语动词—to do Non-finite Verbs — The To-infinitive 1 目 录 Part 01 动词不定式的构成 Part 02 动词不定式的否定形式 Part 03 动词不定式的句法功能 Part 04 特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式 Part 05 拔高巩固 2 动词不定式的构成 Part 01 3 不定式的基本形式为: to+动词原形。 有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义 I want to read books. 我想要看书。 Tell him not to run fast.告诉他不要快跑。 基 本 构 成 4 动词不定式的否定形式 Part 02 5 不定式的否定式：not+不定式 动词不定式的否定形式 I didn’t ask him to open the door.(否定句) I asked him not to open the door.(不定式的否定式) The teacher told us not to read the book. 老师告诉我们不要读那本书。 不定式的否定式和谓语否定句的区别 6 1. My mother told me ______ swim in the river alone. A. to not B. not to C. don’t to D. not 2. The teacher asks us ______ late for class. A. be not B. not to be C. to not be D. don’t be 3. He warned me ______ touch the wet wire. A. don’t B. no to C. not to D. to not 4. I decided ______ watch TV tonight. I need to study. A. not to B. to not C. didn’t to D. not 5. Please tell him ______ run in the hallway. A. doesn’t to B. not to C. to not D. don’t 小 试 牛 刀 7 动词不定式的句法功能 Part 03 8 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。 动词不定式不可以作谓语 动词不定式的句法功能 9 不定式放句首 To learn English is useful. 用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 主 语 1.不定式作主语 10 it作形式主语 it只占位,真正主语（to do）后置，避免头重脚轻 It + be + 形容词 + of sb + to do sth 修饰人的品性：kind nice clever foolish polite It’s kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真好。 口 诀：人用of,事用for,it假主语，to do 是真身 It + be + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 修饰事情：easy hard important difficult necessary It is easy for me to finish homework. 对我来说完成作业很简单。 11 1. 两个不定式并列时，只保留第一个to，后面to省略 To read books and write diaries is good. 读书，写日记是好习惯。 2. 不定式否定式作主语：Not to do sth 放句首 Not to be late is our rule. 不迟到是我们的规定。 易 错 要 点 12 有些及物动词后常接to do作宾语 I decide to finish homework first. 宾 语 主语 谓 语 She promised to come at nine o'clock. 主语 谓 语 宾 语 2.不定式作宾语 谓语动词+to do 13 决定学习拒绝失败：decide, learn, refuse, fail 提供选择承诺准备：offer, choose, promise, prepare 希望同意计划开始：hope, agree, plan, begin 后接不定式作宾语的常见动词： 14 形式宾语结构： 主语+find/think/believe + it + adj. + to do sth. 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 it 作形式宾语 I found it important to get up early in the morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 真宾语 15 3.不定式作宾语补足语 Mom tells me to clean the rooms. 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态、特性、身份等。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 结构：动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式（to do） 动词不定式作宾语补足语 16 感官动词：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, listen to, look at 使役动词：make, let, have 省略to的动词不定式作宾补 I saw her get into the room just now. 结构：主语 + 感官/使役动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形（省略to） Listening to music makes me feel happy. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 主 语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 17 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 可带to，也可省略to，两种写法均正确，含义无区别 特殊动词 help I can help you (to) carry the bag. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 18 可省略to的不定式 一感：feel 二听：listen to, hear 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, look at, notice 半帮助：help （to可加可省） 19 4.不定式作表语 动词不定式（to do）放在系动词（am / is / are / was / were） 后面，充当表语，用来解释主语具体是什么、主语的目标、内容、计划、梦想。 结构：主语 + be动词 + to do 关键特点：主语和to do可以互换位置，句意不变 原句：My dream is to become a famous scientist. 改写：To become a famous scientist is my dream. 表语 20 5.不定式作定语 (1) 不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词、代词，在句中作定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。 He is the first to come to the classroom. 定 语 21 (2) 若不定式为不及物动词，且修饰词是动作的工具、地点，不定式末尾要搭配对应介词。 I want some paper to write on. 定 语 22 (3) something、anything、nothing 这三类不定代词，形容词、to do不定式全都要放在它后面。 完整顺序：不定代词 + 形容词 + to do Do you have anything important to buy? 23 6.不定式作状语 常用结构： in order to do 为了 so as to do 为的是 （1）不定式作目的状语 He ran fast so as to catch the first bus. 他跑得很快，为的是赶上第一趟公共汽车。 I come here only to say goodbye to you. 我来这里仅仅是为了向你告别。 24 I awoke only to find my luggage gone. 我醒来后发现我的行李不见了。 I’m not so stupid as to believe that. 我还不至于傻到去相信那个。 （2）不定式作结果状语 常用结构： so…as to、too…to…、enough…to…、only to do 表示没有预料到的事或与愿望相反的结果。 25 I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。 I’m only too glad to have passed the exam. 考试及格了，我非常高兴。 （3）不定式作原因状语 不定式主要用于表示情感类的形容词之后 26 1.____ visit the museum tomorrow is our plan. A. Visit B. Visited C. To visit D. Visiting 2. I hope ______ a new bike on my birthday. A. to get B. get C. getting D. got 3. My dream is ______ a doctor in the future. A. be B. being C. was D. to be 4. I have a lot of homework ______ tonight. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 5. She came here ______ me with my math. A. help B. helped C. to help D. helping 小 试 牛 刀 27 1. He wants to visit his grandpa.（改为否定不定式） He wants ____________________ his grandpa. 2. The girl is very short. She can’t reach the shelf.（合并为too…to…） The girl is __________ short __________ reach the shelf. 3. To speak English every day is useful.（用it作形式主语改写） __________________________ speak English every day. 4. My father told me to clean the room.（否定主句谓语） My father __________________ me to clean the room. 5. I need a pen. I can write with it.（用不定式作定语合并句子） I need a pen ____________________. 核 心 训 练 not to visit too to It’s useful to didn’t tell to write with 28 用所给词适当形式填空 1. It’s easy ____________ (finish) this task. 2. He decides ____________ (not play) computer games anymore. 3. My mom tells me ____________ (get) up early every morning. 4. I want something ____________ (eat). I’m hungry. 5. She went to the shop __________ (buy) some fruit. 能 力 提 升 to finish not to play to get to eat to buy 29 特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式 Part 04 30 The question is when to start.（作表语） What to do is an important question.（作主语） I can’t decide who/whom to invite.（作宾语） 特殊疑问词+不定式 不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where连用构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。但 why 不可与不定式连用。 31 whether（是否）可和不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。 温馨提示（重点考点） 常搭配“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词： know, show, teach, tell, learn, forget We don’t know when to go. He doesn’t know how to make a banana milkshake. whether与不定式搭配 He didn’t decide whether to go or to stay. 32 1. Could you tell me ______ make paper planes? A. how B. how to C. to how D. how can I 2. ______ choose is a difficult problem for him. A. Which book to B. To which book C. Which book D. Which to book 3. I don’t know ______ invite to my birthday party. A. who to B. to who C. who D. whom can I 小 试 牛 刀 33 拔 高 巩 固 Part 05 34 1. The teacher asked us ______ late again. A. don’t be B. not to be C. to not be D. not be 2. He is too young ______ this heavy box. A. carry B. carried C. to carry D. carrying 3. Would you like ______ some tea? A. to drink B. drink C. drinking D. drank 4. I’m happy ______ good news for you. A. have B. having C. had D. to have 5. There is no time ______ a rest. We must hurry. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 35 用所给词适当形式填空 1. His wish __________ (become) an engineer comes true. 2. We are glad __________ (see) you again. 3. The box is too heavy for me __________ (move). 4. Don’t forget __________ (lock) the door when you leave. 5. Let him __________ (go) home now. He’s tired. to become to see to move to lock go 36 人 教 版 Thank you 37 $