2027届高三英语阅读理解D篇专项练习

**基本信息** 聚焦高三英语阅读理解D篇，精选8篇科普类文本，覆盖词义猜测、段落意图、细节理解等核心题型，系统训练学术文本解读能力与逻辑推理思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词义猜测|3题（如“fleeting”“retain”）|考查语境词汇推断，需结合上下文语义逻辑|从词汇微观理解到文本宏观把握，培养语言能力| |段落目的|2题（如第3段意图）|分析段落功能，涉及观点引入、原理阐释等|通过段落结构分析，提升思维品质中的分析能力| |细节理解|8题（研究发现/方法）|定位关键信息，区分事实与观点|强化信息筛选与整合，发展学习能力| |推理判断|9题（建议/应用）|基于原文进行合理推断，关注作者态度|从文本信息到逻辑延伸，培养批判性思维|

2027届高三阅读理解D篇专项练习答案 Passage 1 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A Passage 2 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.D Passage 3 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A Passage 4 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A Passage 5 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.C Passage 6 32.D 33.A 34.D 35.A Passage 7 32.C 33.A 34.B 35.D Passage 8 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.A 2027届高三阅读理解D篇专项练习 Passage 1（2025~2026学年佛山市高三一模英语） D For decades “Monday blues” has been a term for the collective groan (抱怨) that greets the start of each workweek. Mondays come with higher rates of anxiety, stress and even suicide compared with other days. The stress and anxiety experienced on Monday seems to ease as the week unfolds. But is the stress and anxiety biologically distinct? Furthermore, could the fleeting changes in mood leave a mark on people's body even after they stop working? To answer these questions, Professor Tarani Chandola from HKU, looked into the phenomenon, focusing on the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇). When we experience a stressor, the brain activates the release of cortisol, which helps us to manage short-term stress. But constant high levels of cortisol disturb the brain and bodily systems, increasing the risk of anxiety, depression, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Chandola studied 3,511 participants aged 50 and older in England, and the results were striking. Older adults who reported feeling anxious on Mondays had, on average, 23 percent higher levels of cortisol up to two months later, compared with those who felt anxious on other days. And the effect was not limited to those still working; retirees who felt anxious on Mondays also showed higher cortisol. Why might Mondays, in particular, have a powerful effect on the body? One possibility is that the shift from the weekend to the high demands of the week is essentially stressful. Also, some people become anxious on Mondays so routinely that it becomes an automatic bodily response. For some people, Monday blues are constant stressors. Hospitals may need to plan for the increased risk of heart attacks and other health events on Mondays, especially among older adults. In addition, interventional practices like meditation, mindfulness, regular physical activity or good sleep might help people adapt to the start of the week and have long-term health benefits. Finally, researchers will need to investigate why some people are resilient (有适应力的) to Monday anxiety while others are not. That question might open the door to interventions that help people start the week not just with a groan but with greater resilience. 32. What does the underlined word “fleeting” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Extreme. B. Uncommon. C. Short-lived. D. Far-reaching. 33. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. To define a medical term. B. To show ways to handle stress. C. To explain how cortisol helps reduce stress. D. To reveal how stress harms health biologically. 34. What did Chandola's study find about Monday anxiety? A. Its levels are closely related to age. B. It is a lifelong burden for some people. C. It is the primary challenge people face. D. Its effects are limited among the elderly. 35. Which is one of the author's suggestions to address Monday blues? A. Researchers doing further studies. B. Hospitals keeping track of the old. C. Individuals seeking help from others. D. Companies reducing Monday workloads. Passage 2（2025~2026学年佛山市高三二模英语） D If time outdoors in nature were a pill you could take, the label would read “take as needed”. A dose (剂量) of nature, whether it's a short walk or a weeklong camping trip, reliably improves human well-being. But a new study found that the relationship between indoor nature and well-being is more complex. Past research has confirmed that indoor nature, including potted plants and natural materials, reduces stress and increases feelings of restoration and belonging. But these studies either test people's response to nature versus no nature or use subjective levels of greenery, such as small, medium, and large amounts of plants. “There's a huge body of literature, but we can't refer to it because no one's using the same methods,” explained Eva Bianchi, a Stanford PhD graduate. Bianchi's team developed software called the Nature View Potential tool, which precisely calculates how much nature you see from a given point in a room. Using this tool along with 3D modeling, the researchers designed 11 virtual conference rooms with varying levels of nature views. They then assigned 412 participants randomly to these digital offices and measured their stress and restoration levels before and after completing challenging tasks under pressure. A greenery dose of about 20% — meaning plants are visible about 20% of the time as one looks around — had the strongest response in restoration and sense of belonging for participants, the researchers found. However, when greenery increased to 60%, stress levels rose. Plus, the study highlighted the significance of connection to nature. If participants reported an increased feeling of connection to nature, they harvested more well-being benefits. But without that connection, the greenery had little effect on them. “You don't just put a bunch of nature inside the space,” said Bianchi. “You make sure that it will successfully make the occupants feel connected.” Bianchi's team are also looking closer at what nature means to individuals and how that might vary. The ultimate goal is to find ways for people to maintain the restorative qualities of nature even amid increasing urbanization. “How do you get the feeling of nature indoors?” she said. “That's why it's so important to have some kind of standard... so we can compare across studies and make progress faster.” 12. What was the main limitation of previous studies on indoor nature? A. They used insufficient samples. B. They drew misleading conclusions. C. They used wrong research procedures. D. They lacked a consistent measurement. 13. Why did the team assign the participants to virtual rooms? A. To protect the participants' privacy. B. To simplify the research procedure. C. To examine the participants' responses. D. To minimize the participants' mental stress. 14. What is one implication of the study's findings? A. Getting greener levels right. B. Keeping nature views maximal. C. Ensuring the diversity of indoor plants. D. Filling rooms with indoor-friendly plants. 15. What does the last paragraph emphasize about the current research? A. The potential applications. B. The anticipated difficulties. C. The achievement of the goal. D. The significance of standards. Passage 3（2025~2026学年广东二模英语） D What if we could fight farm weeds with a precise strike instead of blanket chemicals? This vision is now becoming a reality in the farmlands of China. The Hg LaserWeeder, a new machine developed by Huagong Tech, marks a major breakthrough in precision agriculture by making targeted weed control a practical reality. This advancement responds directly to the persistent problems associated with traditional farming. Decades of heavy reliance on chemical herbicides (除草剂) have caused significant environmental harm, including soil degradation and water pollution. For China, a nation with vast agricultural lands, finding a sustainable solution is a matter of particular urgency. So, how does this "robot farmer" work? At its core, it combines artificial intelligence with advanced light technology. Its AI-powered visual system, trained on a vast database of plant images, acts as a smart "eye" that can distinguish weeds from crops in milliseconds. Once a weed is spotted, the robot delivers a precise laser beam (激光束) to each weed's growth center, destroying key cells and causing the plant to die naturally, all without harming the surrounding crops or the soil. The advantages of this approach are substantial. In terms of efficiency, an advanced model equipped with 32 laser heads can destroy up to 320,000 weeds per hour, which is four to eight times more efficient than traditional methods. Through continuous operation, it achieves a weed control rate of over 95%, far outperforming hand weeding and obviating the need for this backbreaking task. Ecologically, it significantly reduces the use of chemicals, thereby cutting off a primary source of agricultural pollution. The introduction of this technology is part of a broader shift toward automated and sustainable agriculture in China and abroad. As farms worldwide seek to enhance efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, robotic solutions like the Hg LaserWeeder are likely to become increasingly common. This technology signals a move toward precision agriculture, where data-driven tools enable farmers to manage their crops with greater accuracy and less dependence on chemicals, pointing the way for a cleaner, more efficient future for farming. 32. What is the main factor behind the development of the Hg LaserWeeder? A. The shortage of clean water. B. The vast farmland in China. C. The pollution from chemicals. D. The failing power of herbicides. 33. What is the main role of the visual system in the Hg LaserWeeder? A. To deliver laser beams. B. To protect nearby crops. C. To capture plant images. D. To identify target weeds. 34. What does the underlined word "obviating" in paragraph 4 mean? A. Facing. B. Removing. C. Sharing. D. Delaying. 35. What can we infer about future agriculture from the last paragraph? A. It will rely more on smart robotic tools. B. It will witness more global cooperation. C. It will prioritize environment over yields. D. It will improve the social status of farmers. Passage 4（2025~2026学年广东一模英语英语） D What if the computers of tomorrow didn't depend on metal and plastic, but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet? This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory, where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi — such as shiitake and button mushrooms — can be used to create memory components for computing. These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors (忆阻器), short for memory resistors. Unlike traditional resistors, memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states. When current flows in one direction, their resistance increases; when it flows the opposite way, their resistance decreases. Even after the power is switched off, the resistance level remains, thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer. Mushrooms contain a dense, thread-like network known as mycelium (菌丝体), which can send tiny electrical signals — much like memristors do. To test this, scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them. The results were remarkable: the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy. Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies, stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together — suggesting a kind of collective intelligence, similar to how brain cells function together. Beyond these exciting results, mushrooms come with major environmental advantages. Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption. Mushrooms, however, are renewable, biodegradable, and easy to grow. Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures, making them suitable for wearable electronics, smart sensors, and other emerging technologies. "Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics — or as large as a culturing factory," said John LaRocco, the study's lead author. "All of it is achievable with the resources we already have." In the not-too-distant future, the computers on our desks may very well have taken root — quite literally — in the forest. 32. What does the underlined word "retain" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Track. B. Store. C. Gather. D. Analyze. 33. What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3? A. The complex structure of mushrooms. B. The rapid electrical response of mycelium. C. The cooperative nature of mycelium networks. D. The unstable performance of mushroom devices. 34. What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4? A. They are rare and special. B. They are smart and powerful. C. They are creative and productive. D. They are sustainable and adaptable. 35. What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco's words? A. It has a low barrier to entry. B. It will advance forest research. C. It helps reduce agricultural waste. D. It will create more jobs in factories. Passage 5（2025~2026学年广州二模英语英语） D Chinese scientists have developed a new refrigeration method that solves a long-standing challenge in cooling technology. Published in Nature, the study responds to rising energy demands in applications ranging from food preservation to data center cooling. Traditional vapor-compression systems consume vast amounts of electricity and rely on harmful refrigerants. In China, refrigeration accounts for nearly 20% of the nation's electricity use and 7.8% of its carbon emissions (碳排放). While solid-state cooling avoids harmful gases, it suffers from poor heat transfer, limiting its real-world application. Led by Professor Li Bing from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the research team overcame this by combining solid cooling effects with liquid flow. They used a common, non-toxic salt whose dissolution (溶解) in water absorbs large amounts of heat. Conversely, applying pressure causes the salt to come out and release heat. Cycling this pressure achieves continuous cooling. "Unlike traditional solid methods, where heat moves slowly, our system integrates the refrigerant and heat-transfer medium into a single liquid," Li said. "This solves the 'impossible triangle' — achieving low pollution, strong cooling, and fast heat transfer all at once." Lab tests showed a temperature drop of nearly 30°C in just 20 seconds at room temperature, and up to 54°C at higher temperatures — significantly outperforming existing solid coolers. A prototype cycle achieved a cooling capacity of 67 joules per gram with nearly 77% efficiency. The system also proved stable, reversible, and instantly responsive to pressure changes. "This technology moves beyond traditional refrigeration principles," Li added. "By turning the coolant into a fluid, it opens the door to high-performance, zero-emission cooling for homes and industry." He noted the method's strong high-temperature performance makes it an ideal candidate for heat management in next-generation AI computing facilities. While engineering challenges remain, especially in achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles, the principle could be adapted to other materials for diverse cooling needs. 32. What is the main problem with traditional solid-state cooling systems? A. They transfer heat poorly. B. They produce harmful gases. C. They fail at high temperature. D. They use too much electricity. 33. What is the key innovation of the new cooling method? A. Using salt instead of chemical refrigerants. B. Increasing pressure inside traditional systems. C. Replacing pressure cycles with continuous flow. D. Combining solid cooling with liquid heat transfer. 34. Why does the author mention the "impossible triangle" in the text? A. To highlight the value of the new system. B. To illustrate the design of the new system. C. To explain why old systems are still in use. D. To show the limitations of previous systems. 35. What does Li Bing see as a promising application of the new technology? A. Preserving food in supply chains. B. Replacing traditional home refrigerators. C. Cooling future AI data centers. D. Achieving rapidly switchable pressure cycles. Passage6（2025~2026学年广州一模英语英语） D Sound travels as vibrations (振动) through the air. Conventional microphones function by picking up these vibrations. Scientists wondered if they could make microphones that see those vibrations rather than hear them. Now researchers in China have built such a device. Led by physicist Yao Xuri from Beijing Institute of Technology, the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects. According to Yao, "This technique enables sound detection using everyday items under natural lighting." This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880. He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers (激光), but such systems are often complex and costly. The Chinese team has adopted an alternative approach: single-pixel (单像素) imaging. "Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one," Yao noted. It scans a scene to collect visual data, which is then processed by computers to reconstruct an image. Through this technique, Yao's team detected how sound waves had shaken a paper card or leaf. A computer then decoded the data into audible sound. The device successfully captured spoken numbers in both Chinese and English and decoded an excerpt from Beethoven's Für Elise. "This method creates a relatively small amount of data, making it easy to store or upload," Yao noted. The team is refining the device's capacity to detect human heartbeat and heart rate, a development that could enable non-contact patient monitoring in medical settings. Currently, the technology only works from about half a meter away, and detecting sound in noisy environments remains a key challenge. That will take more advanced technology and extensive field testing. But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak. 32. The underlined word "imperceptible" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. inaudible B. inaccessible C. unpredictable D. unnoticeable 33. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Research background. B. Study design. C. Technical approaches. D. Key challenges. 34. How does the single-pixel imaging device differ from ordinary cameras? A. It works at a super high speed. B. It processes data with a computer. C. It uses precise lasers to scan scenes. D. It collects data with only one sensor. 35. What is the author's attitude towards the future of the technology? A. Expectant. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Uncertain. Passage7（2025~2026学年深圳二模英语英语） D Nitrogen fertilizer (氮肥) is essential for modern agriculture but carries a heavy environmental price, contributing to water pollution and soil degradation. However, simply reducing its use is not a solution. Crops typically respond to nitrogen shortage by investing more in root growth to search for nutrients, often at the expense of shoot (茎叶) development and grain production. While adaptive in the wild, this root-shoot trade-off limits agricultural productivity. For decades, the gene behind this trade-off has been unknown. In a new study, researchers from Nanjing Agricultural University, the University of Oxford, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences not only identified the gene responsible, but demonstrated that modifying it in rice can ensure stable shoot growth and yields even when nitrogen levels are low. The breakthrough could ultimately reduce dependence on artificial fertilizers. In experiments, the team found that a gene in rice called WRINKLED1a has distinct roles in the shoot and root. In the shoot, it switches on NGR5, a key gene that promotes branching. In the roots, WRINKLED1a supports nitrogen uptake, but also prevents the formation of a protein complex that would otherwise limit root growth. Interestingly, WRINKLED1a does not prevent this protein complex in the shoot, showing that its roles are tissue-specific. From over 3,000 rice varieties, the team identified a naturally stronger version of the gene and used traditional plant breeding (育种) to cross it into varieties carrying a weaker form. Over three field trials in Hainan and Anhui provinces, China, rice plants with this improved version maintained a more stable root-to-shoot balance across different nitrogen conditions, resulting in a 23.7% yield increase under low fertilizer use and a 19.9% increase under high fertilizer use. Lead author Dr. Shan Li noted that WRINKLED1a helps rice avoid the usual "more roots, less shoot" situation under nitrogen limitation, supporting stable yields with lower nitrogen inputs. "The next step is to investigate whether similar genes in other crops, such as wheat and corn, can be used to achieve the same outcomes," she added. 32. Which aspect of the root-shoot trade-off does the new study focus on? A. Its economic cost. B. Its nutritional demand. C. Its genetic mechanism. D. Its environmental impact. 33. What can we learn about WRINKLED1a? A. Its function varies in different tissues. B. Its effect is restricted to the shoot. C. It promotes protein complex formation. D. It reduces nitrogen levels in the roots. 34. What might the study help to do according to the text? A. Contribute to food diversity. B. Facilitate sustainable farming. C. Justify nitrogen fertilizer use. D. Advance rice breeding methods. 35. What do Dr. Shan Li's words suggest? A. The limitation of the research. B. A challenge in applying the findings. C. The need to test the outcomes. D. A possible direction for further study. Passage8（2025~2026学年深圳一模英语英语） D When you rub (摩擦) a balloon on your skin, it produces electricity—a familiar example of charge separation (电荷分离), a process in which opposite charges are separated, creating electric potential. Similarly, raindrops striking a narrow tube create a tiny yet significant burst of energy. Now, researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have tapped into this effect to generate electricity using rain-like droplets. Conventional hydropower (水力发电) relies on large water flows, which only work in places like rivers. For smaller, slower flows, researchers have explored charge separation. They use a tube to let water flow through it continuously. Charges gather on the surface that the water touches. In this way, researchers can collect charges, but it is far from effective. To solve this problem, the NUS team built a special device. At both ends of the device—the top of the newly-designed tube (about 2 millimeters in width), and the water-collecting cup at the bottom—electrical wires were placed to harvest charges. First, water is released from a metal needle, forming rain-like droplets. When these droplets enter the tube, their impacts create "plug flow," in which the water forms mini columns separated by air gaps. This flow is crucial because it allows more surface contact and more time for charges to build up, generating up to 100,000 times more charge separation than continuous flow. As charged droplets exit the tube and fall into the cup, charges build up in the water, creating an electric current. In tests, four tubes produced enough electricity to power 12 LED lights continuously for 20 seconds. According to the study's lead author, this model shows how rain can be used to generate clean electricity effectively and sustainably, especially in rainy places such as Singapore. Its potential is enormous, as it offers an alternative energy source even in cities. Imagine a rain collection device on your roof, producing small amounts of electricity whenever it rains—a small step for a raindrop, but a giant leap for sustainable energy technology. 32. What problem do the NUS researchers aim to solve? A. The difficulty of separating charges. B. The lack of clean electricity sources. C. The inefficiency of charge harvesting. D. The damage of traditional hydropower. 33. Which of the following best illustrates "plug flow"? 34. What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning the model? A. Its potential cost in urban areas. B. Its promising use in green energy. C. Its complex design for rain power. D. Its practical need for more devices. 35. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Revolutionary Energy from Raindrops B. Urgent Demand for Sustainable Energy C. Capturing Raindrops through Innovation D. Turning Charge Separation into Electricity 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $