暑假语法的预习之 主谓一致性 课件 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

主谓一致性 暑期英语语法预习 语法介绍 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法介绍 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。 意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致,即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。 就近一致原则也叫邻近原则,是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 —Here comes the bus! Where is Mr Wu? —He can’t go to the theatre with us. He with some foreigners _ our school.( ) A. visit B. are visiting C. is visiting D. visits 典型例题 C 句意: -公共汽车来了!吴先生在哪里? -他不能和我们一起去看戏。他和一些外国人正在参观我们的学校。 解答:考查时态和主谓一致性原则。根据“Where is Mr Wu?”可知,这里要用现在进行时,用“am/is/are+现在分词”结构,该句主语为He,be动词用is,故选C。 典型例题 使用情况 例句 “不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 Jack’s glasses are broken. Linda’s shoes are black and blue. “a number of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted. The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120. 不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here? Something is wrong with my computer. I called last night ,but nobody was in. 语法一致原则 使用情况 例句 主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday. A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate. 主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China. Large quantities of water are needed. “分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished. Most of the books are written in English. 语法一致原则 1.what从句作主语时 ,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式 What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。 What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。 2.and连接并列主语,若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式 Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。 特例 使用情况 例句 使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定:若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式 His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs. 有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me 意义一致原则 使用情况 例句 “the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic. 某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished. Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time. 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. Two months is a long holiday. 意义一致原则 1.某些以s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式 The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。 2.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致 Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。 Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半学生一周看两次电视。 特例 3.none如果指量,动词用单数;若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;none如果代指不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数. None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。 None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。 特例 使用情况 例句 由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后,系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Here are some books and paper for you. There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 就近一致原则 语法练兵 1.Look! There _ a notebook and three keys on the desk.( ) A.is B.was C.are D.were 看!桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。 考查there be和时态。根据“Look!”可知,句子是一般现在时;there be遵循就近原则,离be动词最近的主语是a notebook,应用is。故选A。 A 语法练兵 2.There _ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add _ to the salad.( ) A.is; them B.are; them C.are; it 购物清单上没有酸奶也没有西红柿。我们需要把它们加到沙拉里。 考查there be和代词辨析。there be句型遵循就近原则,yogurt是不可数名词,be动词用is;them它们;it它。空处指代酸奶和西红柿,应用them。故选A。 A 语法练兵 3.My mother with her students _ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week.( ) A.is going B.are going C.goes 我妈妈和她的学生下周要去养老院参加志愿者活动。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“next week”可知句子用一般将来时be going to,with连接的成分作主语时,遵循就远原则,根据“My mother”可知be动词用is。故选A。 A 语法练兵 4.There _ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it?( ) A.is B.are C.have D.has 对智能技术有不同的看法。你觉得怎么样? 考查there be结构。此处是there be结构,表示“有”,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选B。 B 语法练兵 5.—How many doctors are there in your hospital, Peter? —_ them _ over one hundred.( ) A.The number of; is B.A number of; are C.A number of; is ——彼得,你们医院有多少医生?——他们的数量超过了一百。 考查主谓一致。The number of……的数量,作主语时为单数;A number of一些,修饰名词,作主语时为复数。由“over one hundred”可知,此处表示数量,故用The number of,谓语用第三人称单数is。故选A。 A 语法练兵 6.Either he or I _ going to host this year’s Talent Show in our school because we are both good at hosting.( ) A.am B.are C.is 要么是他要么是我将主持我们学校今年的才艺秀,因为我们俩都擅长主持。 考查主谓一致。am是,主语为I;are是,主语为第二人称或复数;is是,主语为三单。根据“Either he or I”可知,此处谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词形式与最近的主语保持一致。句中最近的主语是“I”,因此谓语动词用am。故选A。 A 语法练兵 7.Having good manners _ necessary when you visit a foreign country.( ) A.are B.is C.was 当你到国外旅游时,有礼貌是必要的。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时,主语是动名词短语,be动词用is。故选B。 B 语法练兵 8.—There _ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best?—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A.are B.is C.were D.was( ) ——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个?——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。 考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选A。 A 语法练兵 9.In China, a number of birthday persons _ cakes with candles. The number of candles _ the person’s age. A.has; is B.eats; are C.eat; is( ) 在中国,许多过生日的人会吃插有蜡烛的蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。 考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词也用复数,素以第一空用eat;The number of +名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,所以第二空用is。故选C。 C 语法练兵 10.Look! There _ some information about traffic rules in this book.( ) A.is B.are C.was 看!在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。 考查be动词。此句是There be句型,主语是information,不可数名词,be动词用单数,描述事实,用一般现在时。故选A。 A 语法练兵 11.The committee members _ agreed to support the project on preserving local traditional culture.( ) A.have B.has C.is D.was 委员会成员已经同意支持保护当地传统文化的项目。 考查主谓一致。句子的主语The committee members是复数名词,谓语动词应使用复数形式,选项A符合。故选A。 A 语法练兵 12.—How do you like the two hats?—_the blue one _ the red one is my favorite. They are too ugly.( ) A.Both; and B.Not only; but also C.Neither; nor ——你觉得这两顶帽子怎么样?——蓝色和红色的都不是我喜欢的。它们太丑了。 考查连词辨析。Both; and 两者都;Not only; but also 不仅……而且;Neither; nor 既不……也不。根据答句中“They are too ugly”可知,说话人对两顶帽子都不喜欢。故选C。 C 语法练兵 13.There _ a notice on the wall. It says we will go camping tomorrow.( ) A.is B.are C.was 墙上有一张通知。上面写着我们明天要去露营。 考查there be。根据“It says…”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是a notice,be动词用is。故选A。 A 语法练兵 14.The number of tourists visiting Yunnan’s Pu’er Tea Mountains _ doubled since 2023.( ) A.has B.have C.is D.are 自2023年以来,到云南普洱茶山旅游的游客数量翻了一番。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。根据“since 2023”可知,该句用现在完成时,其结构为:have/has+动词的过去分词;“The number of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,助动词用has。故选A。 A 语法练兵 15.You don’t need to take any cash when shopping. You may pay by _Alipay (支付宝) _WeChat (微信).( ) A.either; or B.neither; nor C.not; but D.between; and 购物时你不需要带现金,你可以用支付宝或微信支付。 考查连词辨析。either...or...要么…… 要么……;neither...nor...既不……也不……;not...but...不是……而是……;between...and...在……和…… 之间。根据“You may pay by…Alipay (支付宝)…WeChat (微信).”可知,此处应该是“用支付宝或微信支付” 的选择关系。故选A。 A 语法练兵 16.—When are you going to Beijing for your holiday, Sandy? —I haven’t decided. _this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.( ) A.Both; and B.Either; or C.Neither; nor ——Sandy,你打算什么时候去北京度假?——我还没决定。这周日或者下周日都可以。 考查并列连词辨析。both...and...两者都,谓语动词用复数形式;either...or...要么……要么……;neither...nor...既不……也不……。根据“...this Sunday...next Sunday is OK.”可知,两个时间中任选一个均可。故选B。 B 语法练兵 17.—Either you or he _ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village.—Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment.( ) A.are B.is C.were D.be ——这个星期天,不是你就是他将在村子里植树。——是的。保护当地环境是个好主意。 考查主谓一致。根据“Either you or he…going to plant trees this Sunday in the village.”可知,“Either…or…”作主语时,遵循“就近”原则,此处he是第三人称单数,所以be动词用 is。故选B。 B 语法练兵 18.Never give up! I believe that there _ great progress in three years if you work hard.( ) A.will have B.is C.has D.will be 永不言弃!我相信如果你努力学习,三年后将会取得巨大的进步。 考查There be句型。根据“I believe that there … great progress…”可知,宾语从句为there be句型,排除A和C;再根据“in three years”可知,句子时态应用一般将来时,其结构为There will be,排除B。故选D。 D 语法练兵 19._ the students in our school is about three thousand. Look!_ them are planting trees.( ) A.A number of; The number of B.A number of; A number of C.The number of; The number of D.The number of; A number of 我们学校的学生数量大约是三千人。看!他们中的许多人正在植树。 考查a/the number of用法。a number of +可数名词复数,表示“许多的,大量的”,谓语动词用复数;the number of +可数名词复数,表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数。根据题干可知,第一空指的是学生的数量;第二空指的是许多学生。故选D。 D 语法练兵 20.—Do you know what time your uncle _ Dazhou tomorrow? —At 2: 00 p.m. I will meet him when he _the train station.( ) A.will gets to; will arrive at B.will get to; arrives in C.will get to; arrives at ——你知道你叔叔明天什么时候到达达州吗?——下午2点。当他到达火车站时,我会去接他。 考查动词时态和短语辨析。arrive in到达,后跟大地点;arrive at到达,后跟小地点。分析句子可知,第一空所在句是宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,由从句中“tomorrow”可知,从句用一般将来时(will do);第二空所在句是when引导的时间状语从句,时态上遵循“主将从现”原则,所以从句用一般现在时,主语是he,谓语动词用三单形式,且train station为小地点,应使用arrive at。故选C。 C 语法练兵 21.Li Zhensheng, a great Chinese scientist, _ as the “Food Hero” as well.( ) A.knows B.known C.is known D.are known 李振声,一位伟大的中国科学家,也被称为“粮食英雄”。 考查被动语态。“be known as”是固定短语,意为“被称为,被当作”,句子主语是“Li Zhensheng”,所以be动词用is。故选C。 C 语法练兵 22.Just remember _ success _ failure is your final result. They are just parts of your life.( ) A.both; and B.not only; but also C.either; or D.neither; nor 记住,成功和失败都不是你的最终结果。它们只是你生活的一部分。 考查并列连词辨析。both...and两者都; not only...but also不但……而且;either...or要么……要么;neither...nor既不……也不。根据“They are just parts of your life.”可知,它们只是你生活的一部分,因此成功和失败都不是最终结果,应用neither...nor。故选D。 D 语法练兵 23.—Tom, as well as his friends, _ interested in robotics. —They often build models together.( ) A.is B.are C.was D.were ——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数;are用于主语为复数;was为is和am的过去式;were为are的过去式。根据语境可知,谈论的是一般的状况,句子用一般现在时;主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时,谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定;句子主语是Tom,第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选A。 A 语法练兵 24.Chinese paper-cutting is a traditional art form. It can _show beautiful patterns _express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness.( ) A.neither... nor... B.not... but... C.either... or... D.not only... but also... 中国剪纸是一种传统艺术形式。它不仅能展示美丽的图案,还能表达人们对好运和幸福的祝愿。 考查连词辨析。neither... nor...既不……也不……;not... but...不是……而是……;either... or...要么……要么……;not only... but also...不仅……而且……。根据“It can...show beautiful patterns...express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness.”可知,剪纸兼具展示图案和表达祝福双重功能,表示两者都肯定。故选D。 D $