Unit 5 Play by the rules-Understanding ideas-Reading课文要点讲义2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦Unit 5 "Play by the rules"阅读模块，系统梳理核心词汇（如opposite, smelly）、短语（get on, take out, in order to）及句型（What a shock! ask sb to do），以“乘火车场景引入—不文明行为展开—规则意识升华”为脉络，构建“词汇理解-句型运用-语用迁移”的学习支架。 该资料以真实情境为载体，通过例句填空、综合练习（单选、完成句子等）强化语言能力，引导学生分析规则重要性培养思维品质，多样题型设计助力学习能力提升。课中教师可依托情境互动教学，课后学生能通过练习巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Unit 5 Play by the rules Understanding ideas-Reading 【课文要点】 1. After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. 在工作忙碌了一天之后，我上了火车回家。 - after a busy day 忙碌了一天之后 - get on 上车（火车、公交车等） - to go home 不定式作目的状语 - e.g. She ____________ the bus to school every day.（get on） 2. I went to a quiet area in order to read. 我去了一个安静的区域以便看书。 - in order to do 为了做某事（不定式表目的） - quiet adj. 安静的（反义词 noisy） - area n. 区域 - e.g. He got up early ____________ order to catch the train.（in） 3. I sat down and took out my book. 我坐下来，拿出了我的书。 - sit down 坐下 - take out 拿出，取出 - e.g. Please ____________ out your notebook.（take） 4. Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. 突然，我对面的一个女孩开始在手机上大声播放音乐。 - opposite prep. 在......对面；adj. 对面的 - start doing / start to do 开始做某事 - loud adj. 大声的；adv. 大声地（= loudly） - e.g. He started ____________ the guitar at age 5.（play） 5. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. 多么令人震惊啊！我差点惊讶得跳起来。 - What a shock! 感叹句：What + a + 可数名词单数！ - jump up 跳起来 - in surprise 惊讶地 - e.g. He looked at me ____________ surprise.（in） 6. A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. 一分钟后，我旁边的男人拿出了好几包食物。 - a minute later 一分钟后 - next to 在......旁边 - several adj. 几个（修饰可数名词复数） - packets of 几包...... - e.g. There is a supermarket ____________ to my house.（next） 7. It was like he was on a picnic. 就好像他在野餐一样。 - It was like... 就好像...... - picnic n. 野餐 - go on a picnic 去野餐 - e.g. We are going on a ____________ this weekend.（picnic） 8. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly! 人们当然要吃东西，但这食物太难闻了！ - have to 不得不（客观需要） - of course 当然 - smelly adj. 有臭味的（由smell + -y构成） - e.g. We ____________ follow the rules.（have to） 9. It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. 就像坐在一大堆蓝纹奶酪旁边一样。 - a mountain of 一大堆 - cheese n. 奶酪（不可数名词） - e.g. There was ____________ mountain of work to do.（a） 10. I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. 我捂住耳朵以便挡住来自“摇滚女孩”的噪音。 - cover v. 盖住，捂住 - block v. 阻挡，挡住 - coming from 来自（现在分词短语作定语） - e.g. She ____________ her face with her hands.（cover） 11. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. 我捂住鼻子以减少来自“臭味食物先生”的气味。 - so as to do 为了做某事（不定式表目的） - reduce v. 减少，降低 - smell n. 气味；v. 闻起来 - e.g. He spoke loudly ____________ as to be heard.（so） 12. Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. 然后我后面的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。 - behind prep. 在......后面（反义词 in front of） - kick v. 踢 - seat n. 座位 - e.g. Don't ____________ the door.（kick） 13. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! 我的怒火上升了。我的脸涨得像西红柿一样红！ - anger n. 愤怒（由angry变来） - grow v. 增长，变得（过去式 grew） - as red as a tomato 像西红柿一样红（比喻） - e.g. His anger ____________ when he heard the news.（grow） 14. I asked him to stop. 我叫他停下来。 - ask sb to do 请/要求某人做某事 - stop doing 停止正在做的事 - stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 - e.g. The teacher asked us ____________ quietly.（to speak） 15. Come on, he's just a kid. 得了吧，他只是个孩子。 - Come on 得了吧，加油，快点（口语表达） - kid n. 小孩（非正式） - e.g. ____________, let's go!（Come on） 16. I turned around so as to see the other passengers' faces. 我转过身去以便看其他乘客的表情。 - turn around 转身 - passenger n. 乘客（由pass + -enger构成） - face n. 脸；表情 - e.g. She ____________ around and saw me.（turn） 17. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. 他们看起来也不高兴，但没有人做任何事。 - seem v. 看起来（系动词，后接形容词） - unhappy adj. 不高兴的（由un- + happy构成） - anyone pron. 任何人（用于否定句/疑问句） - e.g. He ____________ tired.（seem） 18. Will they think me a fool if I do something? 如果我做点什么，他们会认为我是傻瓜吗？ - think sb sth 认为某人是...... - fool n. 傻瓜 - e.g. Don't ____________ me a fool.（think） 19. I looked at the signs on the wall. 我看着墙上的标志。 - sign n. 标志，标牌 - on the wall 在墙上 - e.g. There is a ____________ on the wall.（sign） 20. They read "Please be quiet", "No smelly food" and "Please look after your children". 上面写着“请保持安静”、“请勿食用有气味的食物”和“请照看好您的孩子”。 - read v. 写着（表示文字内容） - be quiet 保持安静 - look after 照顾，照看 - e.g. The sign ____________ "No smoking".（read） 21. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. 每个人都知道规则，我想。 - everyone pron. 每个人 - know v. 知道（过去式 knew，过去分词 known） - e.g. ____________ knows the truth.（Everyone） 22. They aren't just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. 它们不仅挂在墙上，也印在我们的脑海和心中。 - not just...but also... 不仅......而且......（= not only...but also...） - mind n. 头脑，思维 - heart n. 心，内心 - e.g. She is ____________ smart ____________ kind.（not just...but also） 23. And rules are there for us to follow! 而规则就在那里，等着我们去遵守！ - for sb to do 供某人做某事 - e.g. There is a book ____________ you to read.（for） 24. Suddenly, I felt brave. 突然，我感到勇敢了。 - brave adj. 勇敢的（→ bravely adv. 勇敢地） - e.g. She is a ____________ girl.（brave） 25. I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat... 我深吸一口气，站起来，清了清嗓子…… - take a deep breath 深吸一口气 - stand up 站起来 - clear one's throat 清了清嗓子 - e.g. He ____________ a deep breath before speaking.（take） 【高频短语汇总】中英互译 1. get on ____________ 2. _________________________________ 为了做某事 3. take out ____________ 4. _________________________________ 在......对面 5. start doing ____________ 6. _________________________________ 多么令人震惊啊！ 7. in surprise ____________ 8. _________________________________ 在......旁边 9. a minute later ____________ 10. _________________________________ 几包...... 11. have to ____________ 12. _________________________________ 一大堆 13. cover one's ears ____________ 14. _________________________________ 为了做某事（so as to） 15. reduce the smell ____________ 16. _________________________________ 像西红柿一样红 17. ask sb to do ____________ 18. _________________________________ 转身 19. think sb sth ____________ 20. _________________________________ 墙上的标志 21. look after ____________ 22. _________________________________ 不仅......而且...... 23. take a deep breath ____________ 24. _________________________________ 清了清嗓子 综合练习 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. She ______ the bus to school every day. A. gets on B. gets off C. gets up D. gets down ( ) 2. He got up early ______ order to catch the train. A. on B. at C. in D. for ( ) 3. Please ______ out your notebook. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking ( ) 4. He started ______ the guitar at age 5. A. play B. plays C. played D. playing ( ) 5. He looked at me ______ surprise. A. on B. at C. in D. for ( ) 6. There is a supermarket ______ to my house. A. near B. next C. beside D. behind ( ) 7. We ______ follow the rules. A. have to B. has to C. had to D. having to ( ) 8. She ______ her face with her hands. A. covered B. covers C. covering D. to cover ( ) 9. He spoke loudly ______ as to be heard. A. so B. very C. too D. much ( ) 10. The teacher asked us ______ quietly. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. spoke ( ) 11. She ______ around and saw me. A. turned B. turns C. turning D. to turn ( ) 12. He ______ tired. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. seeming ( ) 13. The sign ______ "No smoking". A. reads B. read C. reading D. to read ( ) 14. She is ______ smart ______ kind. A. not just; but also B. not; but C. just; and D. either; or ( ) 15. He ______ a deep breath before speaking. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 她每天乘公交车上学。 She ____________ the bus to school every day. 2. 他早起以便赶上火车。 He got up early ____________ order to catch the train. 3. 请拿出你的笔记本。 Please ____________ out your notebook. 4. 他惊讶地看着我。 He looked at me ____________ surprise. 5. 我家旁边有一家超市。 There is a supermarket ____________ to my house. 6. 我们不得不遵守规则。 We ____________ follow the rules. 7. 她用手捂住脸。 She ____________ her face with her hands. 8. 他大声说话以便被听到。 He spoke loudly ____________ as to be heard. 9. 老师让我们安静地说话。 The teacher asked us ____________ quietly. 10. 她转过身看到了我。 She ____________ around and saw me. 11. 他看起来很累。 He ____________ tired. 12. 标志上写着“禁止吸烟”。 The sign ____________ "No smoking". 13. 她不仅聪明而且善良。 She is ____________ smart ____________ also kind. 14. 说话前他深吸了一口气。 He ____________ a deep breath before speaking. 15. 她清了清嗓子，开始说话。 She ____________ her throat and started to speak. 16. 我坐在一个安静的区域看书。 I sat in a quiet ____________ to read. 17. 他突然开始大声放音乐。 He suddenly started ____________ loud music. 18. 我捂住耳朵以阻挡噪音。 I covered my ears ____________ order to ____________ the noise. 19. 墙上的标志提醒人们遵守规则。 The signs on the wall ____________ people to follow the rules. 20. 规则不仅挂在墙上，也在我们心中。 Rules are ____________ on the wall ____________ in our hearts. 三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的单词填空，注意形式变化） A | get | order | take | surprise | next | have | cover | so | ask | turn | 1. She ____________ the bus to school. 2. He got up early in ____________ to catch the train. 3. Please ____________ out your notebook. 4. He looked at me in ____________. 5. The supermarket is ____________ to my house. 6. We ____________ to follow the rules. 7. She ____________ her face with her hands. 8. He spoke loudly ____________ as to be heard. 9. The teacher ____________ us to speak quietly. 10. She ____________ around and saw me. B | get | order | take | surprise | next | have | cover | so | ask | turn | On the train, I 1.____________ on and sat in a quiet area in 2.____________ to read. A girl opposite me started playing loud music. What a shock! I almost jumped up in 3.____________. The man 4.____________ to me took out smelly food. I 5.____________ my nose so as to reduce the smell. A boy behind me started to kick my seat. I 6.____________ him to stop. I 7.____________ around and saw other passengers. I 8.____________ a deep breath. I thought: we 9.____________ to follow the rules. Rules are there for us to follow. I stood up and cleared my throat 10.____________ that I could speak to them. 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She ____________ (get) on the bus every day. 2. He got up early in order ____________ (catch) the train. 3. Please ____________ (take) out your notebook. 4. He started ____________ (play) the guitar at age 5. 5. He looked at me in ____________ (surprised). 6. We have ____________ (follow) the rules. 7. She ____________ (cover) her face with her hands. 8. He spoke loudly so as ____________ (hear). 9. The teacher asked us ____________ (speak) quietly. 10. She ____________ (turn) around and saw me. 11. He ____________ (seem) tired. 12. The sign ____________ (read) "No smoking". 13. She is not just smart but also ____________ (kind). 14. He ____________ (take) a deep breath before speaking. 15. She ____________ (clear) her throat and started to speak. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $