专题04 阅读理解议论文+新闻报道（10年汇编）（全国通用）2017-2026年高考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 该试卷为高考英语阅读理解专题汇编，精选2018-2025年全国卷12篇真题，聚焦议论文与新闻报道，覆盖细节理解、推理判断等四大核心考点，真题来源权威，适配高考命题趋势。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|12篇（48题）|细节理解（整合多段信息）、推理判断（跨段推导）、词义猜测（跨段指代）、主旨大意（社会导向标题）|选材涉社会热点（分心驾驶、多代同住）、文化传承（中国美学与西方时尚）、科技前沿（Textalyzer设备）；问题设计融合传统（原文定位）与创新（区分大众与作者观点、反问式标题）|

专题04 阅读理解-议论文+新闻报道 考点分类 十年考情（2017-2026） 命题规律 考点01 细节理解题 议论文必考，每篇 1-2 题；考观点、数据、论据、现象原文信息，靠同义替换设选项 传统：原文直接定位，干扰项偷换概念、无中生有 创新：需整合多段细节，区分大众观点与作者观点 考点02 推理判断题 高频拉分题型，每篇 2 题；由案例、数据推断政策效果、作者态度、发展趋势，答案不能是原文原句 传统：单段简单推导，忌过度脑补 创新：跨段多层推理，隐性判断作者立场 考点03 词义 / 指代猜测题 考查较少，一道题或者不考；考代词指代法案 / 观点、抽象词汇，依托转折、举例论证猜义 传统：就近找线索，上下文有明显解释 创新：线索隐蔽，代词跨段指代核心论题 考点 04 主旨大意题（标题 / 段意 / 写作目的） 每篇文末必有标题题；概括中心论点、分论点，判断作者批判 / 倡导意图 传统：主旨覆盖 “问题 + 作者观点”，片面描述为干扰项 创新：多用反问式标题，主旨藏在段落转折后，侧重文本社会导向 Passage 1 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? Passage 2 （2022·全国二卷·高考真题） Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer Passage 3 （2021·全国一卷·高考真题） Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. Passage 4 （2020·全国三卷·高考真题） With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters. 29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law? A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling. 30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. Passage 5 （2019·全国一卷·高考真题） During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are ＂most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.＂ In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us." Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ＂ he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior. 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the Best—You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness Passage 6 （2019·全国三卷·高考真题） For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China —its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways." 24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors. C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 25.What does Hill say about Chinese women? A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns. C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world. 26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean? A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends Passage 7 （2018·全国一卷·高考真题） Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tcbbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant.” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (―份)，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series (系列节目) Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less Passage 8 （2018·全国一卷·高考真题） We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置）well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. Passage 9 （2018·全国二卷·高考真题） Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.zxx.k When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books. C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships. 29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"? A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time. C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive. 31. How should parents encourage their children to read more? A. Act as role models for them. B. Ask then to write book reports. C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers. Passage 10 （2018·全国二卷·高考真题） We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says. 32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Addiction to smartphones. B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places. C. Absence of communication between strangers. D. Impatience with slow service. 33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people. C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals. 34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk? A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence. C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence Passage 11 （2018·全国三卷·高考真题） While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said. "Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said. "Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.[来源:学科网ZXXK] The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said. 28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________. A. following the latest world trend B. getting international recognition C. working harder than ever before D. relying on foreign architects 29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A. Its hilly environment. B. Its large size. C. Its unique style. D. Its diverse functions. 30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success? A. The mixture of different shapes.[来源:Zxxk.Com] B. The balance of East and West. C. The use of popular techniques. D. The harmony of old and new. 31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A. Spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums. C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice. Passage 12 （2018·全国三卷·高考真题） Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor) For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch. We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. 32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough. C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more. 33.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl B. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother 34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd? A. To try out an idea B. To show a parent's love C. To train his attention D. To help him start a hobby 35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解-议论文+新闻报道 考点分类 十年考情（2017-2026） 命题规律 考点01 细节理解题 议论文必考，每篇 1-2 题；考观点、数据、论据、现象原文信息，靠同义替换设选项 传统：原文直接定位，干扰项偷换概念、无中生有 创新：需整合多段细节，区分大众观点与作者观点 考点02 推理判断题 高频拉分题型，每篇 2 题；由案例、数据推断政策效果、作者态度、发展趋势，答案不能是原文原句 传统：单段简单推导，忌过度脑补 创新：跨段多层推理，隐性判断作者立场 考点03 词义 / 指代猜测题 考查较少，一道题或者不考；考代词指代法案 / 观点、抽象词汇，依托转折、举例论证猜义 传统：就近找线索，上下文有明显解释 创新：线索隐蔽，代词跨段指代核心论题 考点 04 主旨大意题（标题 / 段意 / 写作目的） 每篇文末必有标题题；概括中心论点、分论点，判断作者批判 / 倡导意图 传统：主旨覆盖 “问题 + 作者观点”，片面描述为干扰项 创新：多用反问式标题，主旨藏在段落转折后，侧重文本社会导向 Passage 1 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 【答案】28．C 29．A 30．B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼吁人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。 【详解】 28.C 事实细节题 根据第一段中 declines in pedestrian mobility, especially among young children, too much traffic on the roads, they pack them into the car instead可知，街道上的车流量很大，步行的人数少了，家长因为担心孩子上学时的出行安全，只得选择开车接送孩子。所以本段描述的是人们放弃步行，选择开车的现象。 29.A事实细节题 第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状:社区为道路交通网让步。接着引出了加拿大记者JaneJacobs对此现象的抗议。根据JaneJacobs 为 called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”可知，她反对修建高速公路是为了让城市变得宜居，livable是a decent place to live 的同义替换。 30.B推理判断题 第三段最后一句指出，20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段描述了尽管这些抗议活动的范围广泛，但根据 the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car, The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly, the highest rate of car ownership可知，西方国家城市规划仍关注汽车出行的需求，尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量多，由此可以推断城市规划仍以道路为中心，故这些抗议收效甚微。 31.A主旨大意题 首段引出当今的交通现象，行人少了，汽车多了，引出速度快但安全堪忧的汽车出行方式。第二段提出两位作家对这种现象的思考。第三、四段介绍反对“因修建道路而牺牲社区”的抗议活动及其结果城市规划仍以汽车的需求为中心，追求快速的出行方式。最后一段呼应第一段做出总结，不能因为追求速度而放弃安全，应重新思考街道的意义。所以，文章整体在批判城市规划中过度追求快速的交通而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境，A项Why the Rush?以反问形式点明主旨。 Passage 2 （2022·全国二卷·高考真题） Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer 【答案】28．A 29．B 30．D 31. B 【导语】本文为议论文，介绍美国多数州已立法禁止司机开车发短信，但分心驾驶问题愈发严重、车祸激增；纽约议员提出新型设备 Textalyzer，可现场检测司机手机使用记录，依靠立法威慑减少开车玩手机行为。 【详解】 28. A.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years most states have banned texting by drivers and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”(在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。)以及第二段中Yet the problem,by just about any measure ,appears to be getting worse.(然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。)可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的"，与此相符。A.Ineffective无效的;B.Unnecessary不必要的:C.Inconsistent不一致的;D.Unfair不公平的。故选A。 29. B.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中The technology could determine whether a The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.(这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。)可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。故选B。 30. D.代词指代题。根据句中的We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.(我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，)可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.(他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，"人们会更害怕拿起手机。)可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机，故something指代的是法律。A.Advice建议:B.Data数据:C.Tests测试;D.Laws法律。故选D。 31. B.标题判断题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是"虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重"。第三段中That is partly because people are driving more.(部分原因是开车的人越来越多)可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是:相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving?Watch Out for the Textalyzer(发短信还是在开车?防范短信监控器。)适合文章的标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （2021·全国一卷·高考真题） Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades，advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 【答案】 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 【导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。 【详解】 32. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and ‘people skills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。故选D项。 33. B 推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。故选B项。 34.A 推理判断题。根据题干中的“the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence”可定位 到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知， 作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“The most positive aspect of this popularization...”和“The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。故选A项。 35.B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2020·全国三卷·高考真题） With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters. 29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law? A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling. 30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. 【答案】28．B　 29．A　 30．C　 31. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了在英国多代人同住一起的社会现象呈上升趋势。 【详解】 28. B 事实细节题 根据第二段中 ... his mother-in-law:she lives on the ground floor ...和三段最后一句 ... Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.可知，布斯托尔市的这间维多利亚式房屋里，丽塔(Rita)住在一楼。 29.A 理判断题 根据第五段"From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would." 可知，尼克(Nick)对和岳母住一起持赞同的态度。 30.C推理判断题 根据倒数第三段的 Official reports suggest that ...had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.和倒数第二段的 It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with16%in1991.可推出作者在阐述多代同住的观点时依据的是已发布的数据。 31.D 主旨大意题 本文以丽塔(Rita)三代人同住一起为例，介绍了在英国多代人同住一起这一社会现象，根据已发布的研究报告和数据可知这种现象呈上升的趋势。 Passage 5 （2019·全国一卷·高考真题） During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are ＂most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.＂ In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us." Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ＂ he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior. 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the Best—You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 【答案】32．C　 33．A　 34．B　 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明性议论文。作者从社会心理学视角讨论了青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题，最后得出结论:受欢迎的人比不受欢迎的人和地位高的人日后的适应能力更强，更有优势。 【详解】 32.C推理判断题 根据题干中的elementary school可将答案定位到第一段第一句，该句提到I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，可推断出，作者在小学时期是一个慷慨大方的女孩。 33.A事实细节题 本题需要整体理解第二段内容，归纳其段落大意。本段前两句为主旨句，提出受欢迎度这一概念，并且介绍了Mitch Prinstein的理论，把受欢迎的人分为两类，后面围绕这两种分类展开论述。classification与第二句中的categories为同义异构现象。 34. B 推理判断题 根据第二段中的 The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities .. when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. 以及四段中的 We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.可知, 最受欢迎的青少年会对同学变得不友好。那些地位高的人也会出现这种情况。讨人喜欢的能力会在今后的生活和工作中发挥作用，带来良好的适应力。由此可推断，最受欢迎的孩子往往适应能力更强。adaptable 与本段中的adjustment为同义异构现象。 35.A 主旨大意题 纵观全文，作者论述受欢迎度对青少年的影响。本题A选项学生理解起来较困难，可通过排除法去做，B选项“地位越高越好”显然违背文章主旨;C选项“成为最好的自己，你可以的”，有一定干扰性，但文中没有提到成为最好的，而是要成为最受欢迎的;D选项“多一些自我控制，少一些攻击性”，文中没有提到自我控制。再根据最后一段中的Being liked (讨人喜欢) creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage 可推知, 正确选项为 A“友善一点(讨人喜欢)”，你将不会排在最后(你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后). finish 获得(名次)如finish first/ second etc..。 Passage 6 （2019·全国三卷·高考真题） For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China —its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways." 24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors. C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 25.What does Hill say about Chinese women? A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns. C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world. 26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean? A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 【答案】24．B　 25．A　 26．D　 27．D　 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。 【详解】 24. B 推理判断题 根据 The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，这次展览参观人数创造了纪录。故选B项，展览吸引了大量参观者。 25.A推理判断题 根据第四段第二句 ...Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion - they are central to its movement 可, Hill 为中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动中的核心。故选A项，她们正在开创时尚。 26.D词义猜测题 根据第四段最后一句...beating them hands down in design and sales 可知, Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu 这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。 27.D主旨大意题 本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。 Passage 7 （2018·全国一卷·高考真题） Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tcbbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant.” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (―份)，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series (系列节目) Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less 【答案】24．B　 25．C　 26．C 26． D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了Susanna Reid主持的烹饪节目Save Money:Good Food。这个节目旨在帮助家庭烹饪省钱、美味又营养的食物。 【详解】 24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段..., but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 和第二段 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits ...可推断，Susanna Reid主持了一个新的烹饪节目 Save Money: Good Food. 25. C 推理判断题 根据第二段 ... with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt ... 以及第三段 I pay£5 for a portion, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion ... 可推知厨师Matt帮助Susanna做一些烹饪方面的工作。 26. C 写作目的题 根据第四段可知Save Money:Good Food这个节目仿效了ITV出品的节目Save Money:Good Health。由此可知，这里作者是想介绍Save Money:Good Food这个节目的背景信息。 27.D 主旨大意题 本文主要介绍了Susanna Reid主持的电视节目Save Money: Good Food. 由第一段 ... showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget, 第二段 ... offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day以及最后一段 The team transforms ... with less expensive but still tasty recipes.可知Save Money:Good Food这个节目旨在帮助家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。 Passage 8 （2018·全国一卷·高考真题） We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置）well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 【答案】32．A　 33．D　 34．B　 35．A　 【导语】本文是一篇说明性议论文，作者介绍了新旧电子设备的能耗调查，借此论证新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保，呼吁人们为了节能环保不要再使用已经过时的旧电子设备，而使用集多种功能为一体的新电子设备。 【详解】 32. A 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句That's bad news for the environment ... as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，做同样的事，过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。由此可推断，作者认为新设备更节能、更环保。 33. D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句To figure out how much power these devices are using,...可知，Babbitt 的团队开展研究是为了查明新旧电子设备的耗能量。 34. B 推理判断题 根据最后一段 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by44%.可知，使用平板电脑观看娱乐节目比用电视或台式电脑能减少44%的能源消耗。由此可推断，四种电子设备中，平板电脑的耗能量是最少的。 35. A 推理判断题 作者开篇提出观点:新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保。之后又用Babbitt团队的研究证明自己的观点，文章的最后作者又再次强调具备多功能的新电子设备的确是更节能。由此可推断，作者建议人们不要再用过时的旧电子设备了。 Passage 9 （2018·全国二卷·高考真题） Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.zxx.k When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books. C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships. 29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"? A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time. C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive. 31. How should parents encourage their children to read more? A. Act as role models for them. B. Ask then to write book reports. C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers. 【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇报道，聚焦青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势。数据显示在阅读方面父母起着榜样的力量，并对孩子有引导作用。最后作者呼吁家长抓住假期的机会列出自己的书单，并制定一家人去图书馆和书店的计划。 【详解】 26. A 事实细节题 根据第一段的 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report released Monday.可知，这则报告主要是关于阅读习惯的。 27. B 事实细节题 根据第三段提到的数据 the proportion who say they never' or ‘hardly ever' read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，青少年快乐阅读的人数呈下降趋势。 28. C推理判断题 根据第五段的最后一句It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.可知，许多父母限制孩子电子阅读主要是担心增加他们看电子屏幕的时间，也就是怕伤害孩子的视力，即:损害他们的健康。 31.A推理判断题 根据第六段可知，在读书方面父母是孩子的榜样。数据显示经常读书的孩子家里有更多的书，他们的父母给他们买的书也更多，其父母也更经常读书。由此可推知，父母如果想鼓励孩子多读书，自己应该为孩子树立榜样。 Passage 10 （2018·全国二卷·高考真题） We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂ In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says. 32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A. Addiction to smartphones. B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places. C. Absence of communication between strangers. D. Impatience with slow service. 33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci? A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people. C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals. 34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk? A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence. C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence 【答案】32．C　 33．B　 34．D　 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了闲谈在人际交往中的好处及重要性。 【详解】 33. C推理判断题 文章首段提到公共场合中，在周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，甚或苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中。从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的这样一个现象。 34. B 事实细节题 根据第三段 Carducci 所说的话 The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them可知，他认为与他人建立良好关系才是成功闲谈的关键。 35. D 事实细节题 跟据第四段的 The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings ..以及 But interactions with peripheral members of our social network matter for our well-being also可知，闲谈会使人感觉良好。 35.C主旨大意题 文章第二段便提出论点:Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits，接下来便通过引用专家的言论以及实验结果来证明闲谈的益处及重要性，所以文章的主旨是“闲谈的益处”。 Passage 11 （2018·全国三卷·高考真题） While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations. The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view. Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素). Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said. "Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, " he said. "Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, " said Wang.[来源:学科网ZXXK] The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said. 28. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________. A. following the latest world trend B. getting international recognition C. working harder than ever before D. relying on foreign architects 29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most? A. Its hilly environment. B. Its large size. C. Its unique style. D. Its diverse functions. 30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success? A. The mixture of different shapes.[来源:Zxxk.Com] B. The balance of East and West. C. The use of popular techniques. D. The harmony of old and new. 31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang? A. Spread them to the world. B. Preserve them at museums. C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice. 【答案】28．B　 29．C　 30．D　 31．D　 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要介绍了中国著名建筑师王澍的建筑作品实现了传统文化和现代建筑的和谐平衡，获得了国际认可。 【详解】 28.B推理判断题 本题题干意为“王澍获奖意味着中国建筑师......”。文章开头提到，当著名的外国建筑师主持建造新的中央电视塔和国家大剧院时，中国建筑师开始努力登上(国际建筑领域的)中心舞台。而王澍获得有“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”之称的“普利兹克奖”，意味着中国建筑师的努力有了回报，开始获得国际认可。 29.C事实细节题 根据四段句的主句“The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities." 本其可知，中国美术学院象山校区给人留下的最深刻印象是其独特的建筑风格。 30.D推理判断题 根据文章第六段，1995年“普利兹克建筑奖”获得者Tadao Ando 对王澍作品的评价 Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture 可推断出，王澍既深刻理解现代建筑，又熟悉传统，他的作品实现了古今平衡，选项中转述为 The harmony of old and new(古今的和谐)。 31.D 推理判断题。 文章最后一段中王澍说 The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty王澍认为应该把传统的东西和实践结合起来，否则，对传统的再创新就是虚假的，空洞的。由此可知，王澍认为对于传统文化，我们应该在实践中进行再创新(Recreate them in practice)。 Passage 12 （2018·全国三卷·高考真题） Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor) For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch. We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. 32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough. C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more. 33.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects? A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl B. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother 34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd? A. To try out an idea B. To show a parent's love C. To train his attention D. To help him start a hobby 35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving 【答案】32．A　 33．C　 34．A　 35．C　 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了精简主义让生活更快乐。作者以自己孩子们的事例说明孩子们扔掉一些不常使用的物品后，从简简单单的玩具中也能获得很多乐趣。 【详解】 32. A 推理判断题 根据第一段第一句Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects(我们成年人都清楚堆满很多物品是什么感受)，接着设问 Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? 表达了作者对"more is more (越多越好)” 的态度。紧接下句 The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than Idid how to live more with less(好消息是我可以帮助我自己的孩子比我更早地学会如何拥有得不多也会更好地生活)，由此可知 more is more是“多多益善”的意思。 33.C 事实细节题 根据第二段中的 She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund可知，当我们答应将这些钱放进她的学校基金里面时，她才选择卖掉些她的不常用的大件物品。 34.A事实细节题 作者在第三段首先提出了更深层的问题:我们如何帮助他们过精简的生活?接着根据 Yesterday,I sat with my son, Shepherd,determined to test my own theory on this 可知,作者决定通过和儿子玩游戏来验正自己的想法。 35.C 主旨大意题 文章第一段最后一句The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less 文中心句，第二、三段分别以女儿和儿子的事例来支持文章的中心观点。因此Live More with Less最合做文章的标题。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解-议论文+新闻报道 参考答案 Passage 1 28．C 29．A 30．B 31. A Passage 2 28．A 29．B 30．D 31. B Passage 3 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B Passage 4 28．B　 29．A　 30．C　 31. D Passage 5 32．C　 33．A　 34．B　 35．A Passage 6 24．B　 25．A　 26．D　 27．D Passage 7 24．B　 25．C　 26．C 27．D Passage 8 32．A　 33．D　 34．B　 35．A Passage 9 28．A 29．B 30．C 31. A Passage 10 32．C　 33．B　 34．D　 35．C Passage 11 28．B　 29．C　 30．D　 31．D Passage 12 32．A　 33．C　 34．A　 35．C　 　 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $