Unit 1 Back to school（重难词汇精练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 该专项围绕“Back to school”主题构建词汇训练体系，从基础词汇识别到语境综合运用层层递进，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|含重点单词（20词）、词性转换（19组）等|聚焦词汇识别、词形变化及固定搭配|从孤立词汇（音形义）到基础应用（拼写、语法填空）| |词汇语境练|含语法填空（2篇真题）、完形填空（1篇）等|依托语篇考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用|从单句应用过渡到语篇综合，实现词汇从输入到输出|

Unit 1 Back to school重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 1 四、重点单词 1 五、单句语法填空 2 六、单词拼写 6 七、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、完形填空 11 三、应用文写作 一、重点单词 1．senior adj.中学的；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的 n．级别(或地位)较高者；较……年长的人；高水平运动员 2．host n．主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办；主持 3．positive adj.积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 4．opportunity n．机会，时机 5．acquire vt.获得，得到 6．effort n．努力，费力的事；试图 7．resource n．资源；资料；谋略 8．exchange n．& vt.交换；交流；兑换 9．attitude n．态度，看法 10．tough adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 11．individual n．个人adj.单独的，个别的 12．character n．品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字 13．junior adj.地位(或级别)低的；青少年的 n．职位较低者；青少年运动员 14．focus n．焦点，重点 vt.& vi.集中 15．tip n．指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费 16．remind vt.提醒，使想起 17．aim n．目的，目标 vi.& vt.力争做到；目的是；针对 18．material n．材料；素材 adj.物质的，实际的；客观存在的 19．secondary adj.中学的；次要的 20. well-rounded adj.全面发展的；面面俱到的 二、词性转换 1．potential n．潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜在地，可能地 2．challenge n．& vt.挑战；质疑→challenging adj.有挑战性的 3．advance n．进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.& vi.发展，进步→advanced adj.先进的；高级的 4．amaze vt.使惊讶→amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→amazed adj.惊讶的→amazement n．惊讶 5．confidence n．信心，信任；把握→confident adj.自信的 6．equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的 n．同等的人(物) linking v．与……相等 vt.比得上→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 7．balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力→balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 8．improve vt.& vi.改进，改善→improvement n．改进 9．responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的→responsibility n．责任→responsibily adv．有责任地，负责地 10．independent adj.自主的，有主见的；自立的→independence n．独立 11．detail n．细节；具体情况→detailed adj.详细的 12．base vt.以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部→basis n．基础；原因；基准→basic adj.基础的 13． propose vt.提议→proposal n．提议，建议，动议 14．profession n．职业，专业→professional adj.职业的，专业的 n．专门人员，专业人士→professor n．教授，讲师 15．alarm n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→alarmed adj.惊恐的→alarming adj.使人惊恐的 16．contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠→contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献→contributor n．捐献者；投稿人 17．fortune n．运气；命运→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏 18．option n．可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optional adj.可选择的 19．attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→attractive adj.吸引人的→attraction n．有吸引力的事物 三、核心短语 1．lie in存在于，在于 2．rise to能够处理 3．make a difference起作用，有影响 4．make the most of充分利用，尽情享受 5．take advantage of利用 6．last but not least最后但同样重要的 7．look forward to盼望，期待 8．as a result of由于 9．stick to坚持；固守，维持 10．over time随着时间流逝，久而久之 四、单词拼写 1. (2025-2026学年江苏省常州市第一中学高一上学期期中) When seeking profits, socially responsible companies should never forget to make positive c________ to our society. 【答案】contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：在追求利润的过程中，具有社会责任感的公司绝不能忘记要为我们的社会做出积极的贡献。空处作make的宾语，结合positive“积极的”和首字母c可知，此处为contributions“贡献”，可数名词用复数形式。故填contributions。 2．Each i________ in the group was encouraged to share their unique perspective, leading to a richer and more creative discussion. 【答案】individual 【详解】考查名词。句意：鼓励小组中的每个成员分享他们独特的观点，从而带来更丰富、更有创意的讨论。根据首字母i及“in the group”可知，此处指小组中的每个“成员”，应用名词individual，由Each可知，应用单数形式，作主语。故填individual。 3．Try to keep a b________ (平衡) between work and relaxation. 【答案】balance 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽量在工作和放松之间保持平衡。根据首字母b及汉语提示“平衡”可知，本空用名词balance，作keep的宾语。故填balance。 4．I’m more than pleased to take the ________ (机会) to communicate with foreign friends about cultures. 【答案】opportunity 【详解】考查名词。句意：我非常高兴能借此机会与外国朋友交流有关文化的内容。根据汉语提示“机会”可知，此处为名词opportunity，作宾语，take the opportunity to do sth.抓住机会做某事。故填opportunity。 5．Last but not least, why not keep a _________ (积极的) and optimistic attitude at any time? 【答案】positive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最后但同样重要的是，为什么不随时保持积极乐观的态度呢？根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“积极的”应用positive，为形容词，在本句中作定语，修饰名词attitude，符合语境。故填positive。 6．To ____________(提高) spoken English, talking with native speakers of English is a good way. 【答案】improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要提高英语口语，和以英语为母语的人交谈是个好方法。根据汉语提示“提高”可知，此处为动词improve，空处需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填improve。 7．You probably have not realized how ________ (幸运) you are living in such a peaceful country. 【答案】fortunate 【详解】句意：你可能尚未意识到生活在如此和平的国家你是多么幸运。how引导感叹句，其后接形容词，fortunate意为“幸运的” ，be fortunate (in) doing sth.形容词作表语。 8．Let me introduce Max, an ________ (交换) student from the UK, to you. 【答案】exchange 【详解】句意：我来给大家介绍来自英国的交换生麦克斯。根据汉语提示“交换”可知，此处为名词exchange，作定语，修饰名词student。 9．Soon, the video ____________(吸引) thousands of people and became a hit. 【答案】attracted 【详解】考查动词。句意：很快，这个视频吸引了成千上万的人，走红了。表示“吸引”用动词attract，和became并列作谓语，attract用过去式形式。故填attracted。 10．It’s the first time for me to ________ (主办) such a great event, so I feel nervous. 【答案】host/hold 【详解】考查动词。句意：这是我第一次主办这么盛大的活动，所以我感到紧张。根据汉语提示“主办”可知，此处使用动词host/hold/launch/stage，位于不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填host/hold。 11．A positive ________ (态度) to his work inspires a person to make the right decisions. 【答案】attitude 【详解】句意：对工作持积极的态度能激励一个人做出正确的决定。表示“态度”使用名词attitude，作主语，空前有不定冠词a，应用单数形式。 12．If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two o________ (选择) for your future. 【答案】options 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你同时上大学和玩音乐，你的未来将有两个选择。该空需要一个名词作宾语，根据汉语提示及首字母o可知，名词option意为“选择”，符合题意，根据前面限定词two可知，应使用复数形式。故填options。 13．To solve this technical problem, we need the help of a p________ engineer with rich experience. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：要解决这个技术问题，我们需要一位经验丰富的专业工程师的帮助。名词engineer前用形容词修饰。根据首字母提示及句意，用形容词professional，表示“专业的”。故填professional。 14．She continued to walk, needing to feel the cold to ________ her she was still alive. 【答案】remind 【详解】考查动词。句意：她继续走着，需要感受这份寒冷来提醒自己还活着。根据句意可知，此处用动词remind意为“提醒”，不定式符号to后接动词原形，在句中作目的状语。故填remind。 15．We should pay attention to small d________ (细节), which can ensure our success in the end. 【答案】details 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该注意小细节，这能确保我们最终取得成功。根据首字母d及汉语提示“细节”可知，本空用名词detail，此处表示不止一个细节，用复数复数形式，作should pay attention to的宾语。故填details。 16．The student put forward a ________ (提议) to set up a book club in the class. 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：这名学生提出了一个在班级里成立读书俱乐部的提议。根据汉语提示“提议”可知，此处为名词proposal，前面有不定冠词a修饰，故用单数形式。故填proposal。 17．There is a (n) ________ (相等的) number of boys and girls in the class. 【答案】equal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个班里男生和女生的人数相等。根据汉语提示“相等的”可知，空处应填形容词equal作定语修饰后面的名词number。an equal number of为固定搭配，表示 “数量相等的……”。故填equal。 18．The director decided to add a humorous ________ (角色) to the film to balance its serious and tense plot. 【答案】character 【详解】考查名词。句意：导演决定在影片中加入一个幽默角色，来平衡其严肃紧张的剧情。空处作动词add的宾语，名词character“角色”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填character。 19．A clever student knows to seize every o________ to improve himself. 【答案】opportunity 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个聪明的学生知道抓住每一个提升自己的机会。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处应填名词opportunity作宾语，由every可知，应用单数形式。故填opportunity。 20．Although technology has greatly changed the way we a________ (获得，得到) friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 【答案】acquire 【详解】考查动词。句意：尽管科技极大地改变了我们结交朋友的方式，但友谊的内涵以及我们对朋友的渴望却始终如一。way后为定语从句，空处作从句的谓语，根据“获得，得到”为acquire，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为we，动词用原形。故填acquire。 五、完成句子 1．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）After reading Charlotte’s Web, I am looking forward to (期待) its film adaptation. 2．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）Sam has taken advantage/ made use of  (利用) the company’s training program to improve his communication skills.  3．我迫不及待地想要向你们描述高中生活的模样。 I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. 4．要想充分发挥你的潜能，充分利用我们学校的资源对你很重要。 To fully realize your potential，it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. 5．同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。 Of equal importance are good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude. 6．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）正如老子睿智的箴言所说的那样：“千里之行，始于足下。” As Lao-Tzu wisely said，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 7．我那么喜欢它以至于我仍旧用它作闹钟！ I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！ 8．我觉得数学很容易，学起来很愉快，因为英国的教材没有中国的难。 I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China. 六、单句语法填空 1.(2025-2026学年江苏省常州市第一中学高一上学期期中) He put forward a (propose) that the meeting should be put off. 【答案】proposal 【详解】考查名词。句意：他提出了一项推迟会议的建议。根据空前的“a”可知，空处需用名词单数形式作put forward的宾语，propose的名词形式是proposal，表示“建议”，符合语境。故填proposal。 2.(2025-2026学年江苏省常州市第一中学高一上学期期中)．After graduation, she was eager to achieve financial (dependent) and no longer rely on her parents. 【答案】independence 【详解】考查名词。句意：毕业后，她渴望实现经济独立，不再依赖父母。空处作achieve的宾语，表示“独立”用dependent“依赖的”的反义词independent的对应名词形式independence。故填independence。 3．It's (amaze) that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until 1970s. 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：太令人惊讶了，那里有8000多座雕塑，在现代没有人认识他们直到20世纪70年代。空格处是表语，表示某事是令人惊讶的，要用ing形式的形容词。故填amazing。 4．My (profession) training has taught me to look at things logically. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的专业训练使我学会了以合乎逻辑的方式看待事物。空格处作定语，修饰后面的名词training，应该用形容词professional。故填professional。 5．She’s senior     me, so I have to do what she tells me. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：她比我资历深，所以我必须照她的吩咐去做。根据“senior”可知，此处是固定短语be senior to，意为“比……资历深；比……年长”。故填to。 6．I had no idea a letter could make such difference! 【答案】a 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我从没想过一封信能有这么大的影响。分析句子结构可知，此空应填不定冠词构成固定短语make a difference，表示“有影响；起作用”，符合语境。故填a。 7．I have much more than I had this morning. I think that tomorrow will be a great day! (confidence) 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我比今天早上有更多的信心。我觉得明天会是很棒的一天！名词confidence作宾语，意为“信心”，不可数名词。故填confidence。 8．The beauty of the city lies the unique style of its buildings. 【答案】in 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这座城市的美在于其建筑的独特风格。此处为固定短语lie in“在于”，满足句意要求。故填in。 9.（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）Our school offers many (option) courses, allowing students to fully explore their interests. 【答案】optional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们学校提供许多选修课程，让学生充分探索自己的兴趣。此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词courses，option的形容词为optional意为“可选择的，选修的”符合句意。故填optional。 10．The (contribute) that scientists have made to fighting diseases are widely recognized in the world. 【答案】contributions 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：科学家在与疾病作斗争方面所作的贡献在世界上得到了广泛的认可。空处作主句主语，空前有冠词The，结合“scientists have made to fighting diseases”可知，名词contribution符合题意，意为“贡献”，且根据“are”可知，contribution用复数形式。故填contributions。 11．Ideas about the social significance of religion have changed time. 【答案】over 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，人们对宗教的社会意义的看法发生了变化。由have changed可知，句子表示“随着时间的推移，人们对宗教的社会意义的看法发生了变化”，over time是固定短语，意为“随着时间的推移”，故填over。 12．The boys were (alarm) by the door suddenly being shut. 【答案】alarmed 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：门突然关上了，孩子们吓了一跳。分析句意可知，alarm和主语之间是被动关系，本句应该用被动语态，所以填提示词的过去分词形式。故填alarmed。 13.（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中I find learning foreign languages (challenge) but rewarding. 【答案】challenging 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我发现学习外语具有挑战性但也有回报。“find +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，learning foreign languages是宾语，此处需用形容词作宾补，challenging（具有挑战性的）符合语境。故填challenging。 14．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）Schools should spare no effort to ensure (equal) of opportunities for all students, regardless of their family background. 【答案】equality 【详解】考查名词。句意：学校应不遗余力地确保所有学生机会平等，不论其家庭背景如何。此处应为名词作宾语，equal的名词为equality意为“平等”符合句意，且为不可数名词。故填equality。 15．Students in senior high should actively participate in social practice to take valuable (opportunity) to promote personal growth. 【答案】opportunities 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：高中生应积极参加社会实践，抓住宝贵的机会促进个人成长。opportunity是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数，作宾语。故填opportunities。 16．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）This course is designed for students with an (advance) level of English. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这门课程是为英语达到高级水平的学生设计的。空处修饰名词level，需用形容词作定语，advance的形容词形式advanced表示“高级的，进阶的”，符合语境。故填advanced。 17．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most each day. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：志愿服务让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天。此处需要填入一个介词与make the most构成固定搭配，表示“充分利用”，为make the most of。故填of。 18．To be honest, your (think) always falls behind reality. 【答案】thinking 【详解】考查名词。句意：说实话，你的思想总是落后于现实。分析句子可知，设空处需要名词thinking用作主语，表示“思想”，不可数名词。故填thinking。 19.（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中） (fortune), by the time we arrived at the station, the last train had already left. 【答案】Unfortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，当我们到达车站时，最后一班火车已经开走了。此处应为副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合句意可知，此处表示“不幸的是”，fortune的副词为fortunately，其反义词为unfortunately，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unfortunately。 20．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）The teacher emphasizes that completing homework on time is one of the basic (responsible) of a student. 【答案】responsibilities 【详解】考查名词。句意：老师强调按时完成作业是学生的基本职责之一。此处应为名词作表语，responsible的名词为responsibility意为“责任，职责”，且one of后应接名词复数形式。故填responsibilities。 一、语法填空 （一） （2024·山东济南·中考真题） Last week I competed in the school spelling bee. This vocabulary competition 1 (hold) at our school every year. This year was the first time 2 me to take part in it. We all sat in three rows on the stage. When I looked up, I saw that the whole school had come 3 (watch) us take turns to spell words aloud. Suddenly, I felt very nervous. Soon, the spelling bee began. One at a time, each of 4 (we) stood at the microphone in the center of the stage. The judge (裁判) pronounced a word slowly. You had to spell it 5 (correct) to stay in the contest. The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got 6 (hard). I had to spell the word “acrobat”. I tried. I tried to picture it in my mind. Then I started to spell aloud, 7 I said the letter “k” instead of “e”. As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 8 mistake. But it was too late! I still smiled as I left the stage. My classmates 9 (cheer) to show they were proud of how hard I had tried. Of course, I was a little disappointed that I did not win, but 10 (try) again next year! 【答案】1．is held 2．for 3．to watch 4．us 5．correctly 6．harder 7．but 8．a 9．cheered 10．will try 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了上周作者参加了学校的拼字比赛。 【详解】1．句意：这个词汇竞赛每年在学校举行。主语This vocabulary competition和谓语hold“举行”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is held。 2．句意：今年是我首次参加。根据“the first time...me to take part in it”可知是指对于作者来说是第一次参加，用介词for“对于”。故填for。 3．句意：当我抬头看时，我看见全校的人都来观看我们轮流大声拼写单词。“来”的目的是“看我们轮流大声拼写单词”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to watch。 4．句意：我们一个接一个地站在舞台中央的麦克风前。作介词of的宾语用代词宾格us“我们”。故填us。 5．句意：你必须正确拼写才能留在比赛中。修饰动词spell应用副词correctly“正确地”。故填correctly。 6．句意：裁判从一列表简单的单词开始，但很快单词变得更难了。根据“The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got”可知是慢慢地变难了，故此处用比较级harder“更难的”。故填harder。 7．句意：然后我开始大声拼写，但我说出了字母“k”而不是“e”。前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 8．句意：我一说出错误的字母，我就知道我已经犯了一个错误。make a mistake“犯错”，固定短语。故填a。 9．句意：我的同学欢呼以表示他们为我尽力而感到骄傲。根据“smiled”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式cheered“欢呼”。故填cheered。 10．句意：当然，我没有赢，我有点失望，但明年我会再试一次！根据“next year”可知句子用一般将来时“will do”。故填will try。 （二） Hello, Lingling! My music lesson last week 1 (be) amazing! We’ve got a Chinese exchange student at our school, and he joined 2 (we) in the band practice. He had an amazing instrument from China. I can’t remember what it 3 (name), but it has two strings, and is a bit like a violin. It sounded amazing! Do you know what it could be? I also want 4 (know) why Chinese music always sounds so 5 (relax) and calm to me. Do you have any recommendations for different types of Chinese music I can listen to? The school holidays 6 (come) soon. Perhaps, over the holidays, I can learn a lot 7 (much) about Chinese music. I 8 (start) lessons in Physics and Chemistry already. I’m 9 (real) excited because I love these 10 (subject). I look forward to hearing back from you! Sandy 【答案】 26．was 27．us 28．is named 29．to know 30．relaxing 31．are coming 32．more 33．have started 34．really 35．subjects 【语篇导读】本文是Sandy写给玲玲的信，信中介绍了自己学校的生活。 【详解】1．句意：我上周的音乐课太棒了！根据“last week”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语My music lesson是单数，故填was。 2．句意：我们学校有一个中国交换生，他加入了我们的乐队练习。此处在动词后作宾语，用宾格形式，故填us。 3．句意：我不记得它叫什么名字了，但它有两根弦，有点像小提琴。主语it是动作name的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以是一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is，故填is named。4．句意：我还想知道为什么中国音乐听起来总是那么放松和平静。want to do sth“想要做某事”，故填to know。 5．句意：我还想知道为什么中国音乐听起来总是那么放松和平静。此处在句中作表语，修饰Chinese music，用修饰物的形容词，故填relaxing。 6．句意：学校假期快到了。根据“soon”可知，时态是一般将来时，备选词come用现在进行时表将来，主语是复数，故填are coming。 7．句意：也许，在假期里，我可以学到更多关于中国音乐的知识。根据“I can learn a lot…about Chinese music.”可知，此处是more about，意为“更多关于”，故填more。 8．句意：我已经开始上物理和化学课了。根据“already”可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，故填have started。 9．句意：我真的很兴奋，因为我喜欢这些科目。此处在句中修饰形容词excited，用副词形式，故填really。 10．句意：我真的很兴奋，因为我喜欢这些科目。此前有these修饰，使用名词复数形式，故填subjects。 二、完形填空 Jack sat alone on the bus ride home from school. All his friends were 1 their class projects excitedly, but Jack remained silent. How could they understand his feelings when their parents would help them? His parents worked all the time. When the bus stopped, he raced home, 2 his schoolbag on the floor, and walked straight to his bedroom. “Jack?” Grandpa’s 3 called out. “Was that you?” Jack stopped 4 he closed his bedroom door. “Yes, Grandpa, it’s me.” Grandpa Higgins came from the kitchen carrying a sandwich. “You don’t sound okay,” he said as he took a 5 . Should Jack tell Grandpa the truth? What could it hurt? He quickly 6 they should do a class project for the weekend and together they would build something with an adult. The students needed to make a 7 to explain how their projects had gone. Grandpa listened quietly. “ 8 are you so unhappy?” Jack felt his 9 and anger rising inside him. “Because I don’t have anyone to help me.” He sounded so sad and so angry. Grandpa raised his eyebrows 10 . “What am I?” he asked gently. Jack froze. “You’d build a project with me, Grandpa?” “Sure, I would,” Grandpa said. “Just let me finish this sandwich.” Jack’s heart seemed so 11 that he thought it would float away. He rushed to the schoolbag and 12 his assignment paper. Then, they studied the assignment and made a list of ideas. Finally, they 13 to build a cardboard robot from old biscuit and noodle boxes. They used glue, staples, and tape. Grandpa helped a lot and he 14 found a box of eyeball stickers. When they finished, Jack looked at their misshapen (奇形怪状的) robot. He couldn’t stop smiling. “I think it’s the best 15 I have ever built. Now I have to write my report,” Jack said, hugging Grandpa. “Thank you, Grandpa. I had a lot of fun.” 1．A．discussing B．building C．reporting D．improving 2．A．dropped B．hung C．stuck D．hid 3．A．pronunciation B．voice C．noise D．sound 4．A．if B．until C．before D．though 5．A．break B．bite C．ride D．drink 6．A．recommended B．considered C．confirmed D．explained 7．A．change B．report C．robot D．choice 8．A．How B．Where C．Why D．What 9．A．sadness B．envy C．joy D．excitement 10．A．in luck B．in fear C．in anger D．in surprise 11．A．heavy B．big C．light D．empty 12．A．took out B．put away C．handed in D．cut off 13．A．promised B．forgot C．refused D．decided 14．A．just B．even C．still D．ever 15．A．room B．table C．schoolbag D．robot 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 【语篇导读】本文讲述了杰克需要父母帮忙完成课堂专题项目，但他的父母没有时间，这让杰克很沮丧。他的爷爷提出帮助他，于是二人共同完成了这个有趣的项目。 1．句意：他所有的朋友都在兴奋地讨论他们的课堂计划，但杰克保持沉默。discussing讨论；building建造；reporting报告；improving提高。根据“their class projects excitedly”可知，是在公交车上讨论课堂项目。故选A。 2．句意：公共汽车停下来后，他跑回家，把书包扔在地板上，径直走向卧室。dropped扔；hung挂；stuck卡住；hid躲藏。根据“on the floor”可知，是把书包仍在地上。故选A。 3．句意：“杰克？”爷爷的声音喊道。“是你吗？”pronunciation发音；voice嗓音；noise噪音；sound声音。根据“Grandpa’s…called out.”可知，是爷爷发出的声音，人的声音用voice。故选B。 4．句意：杰克在关上卧室门之前停了下来。if如果；until直到；before在……之前；though虽然。根据“…he closed his bedroom door.”可知，是在关门前停下来。故选C。 5．句意：他咬了一口三明治说。break打破；bite咬；ride骑；drink喝。根据“carrying a sandwich”可知，是咬了一口三明治。故选B。 6．句意：他很快解释说，他们应该在周末做一个课堂项目，和一个成年人一起建造一些东西。recommended推荐；considered考虑；confirmed确认；explained解释。根据爷爷说的“You don’t sound okay”可知，接下来杰克会解释原因。故选D。 7．句意：学生们需要做一份报告来解释他们的项目进展如何。change改变；report报告；robot机器人；choice选择。根据“to explain how their projects had gone”可知，是做一份报告来记录项目的进展。故选B。 8．句意：你为什么这么不高兴？How怎样；Where在哪里；Why为什么；What什么。根据“Because I don’t have anyone to help me.”可知，爷爷问他为什么不开心。故选C。 9．句意：杰克感到他的悲伤和愤怒在心里升起。sadness伤心；envy羡慕；joy愉快；excitement兴奋。根据“and anger”可知，是消极的词，没人帮他，他会伤心。故选A。 10．句意：爷爷惊讶地扬起眉毛。in luck运气好；in fear恐惧地；in anger生气地；in surprise惊讶地。根据“Grandpa raised his eyebrows”可知，爷爷很惊讶，认为自己就可以帮助杰克。故选D。 11．句意：杰克的心变得如此轻松，他以为它会飘走。heavy沉的；big大的；light轻的；empty空的。根据“he thought it would float away”可知，杰克感到轻松了。故选C。 12．句意：他冲向书包，拿出作业纸。took out拿出；put away收拾好；handed in上交；cut off切断。根据“He rushed to the schoolbag”可知，是从书包里拿出作业纸。故选A。 13．句意：最后，他们决定用旧饼干和面条盒制作一个纸板机器人。promised承诺；forgot忘记；refused拒绝；decided决定。根据“…to build a cardboard robot”可知，他们决定制作一个纸板机器人。故选D。 14．句意：爷爷帮了很多忙，他甚至找到了一盒眼球贴纸。just仅仅；even甚至；still仍然；ever曾经。根据“Grandpa helped a lot…”可知，空处进一步说明爷爷是怎样帮忙的，even“甚至”符合语境。故选B。 15．句意：我认为这是我制造过的最好的机器人。room房间；table桌子；schoolbag书包；robot机器人。根据“Jack looked at their misshapen (奇形怪状的) robot”可知，他们建造的是机器人。故选D。 三、应用文写作 （2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）为了给学生营造更好的成长环境，你校通过校报英文专栏向初三学生征集学校改善场地、筹划活动等方面的建议。请写一篇短文投稿。 要求： 1. 参考下表，记录至少一次你在某场地的活动经历和感受，并提出建议，可适当发挥； 2. 文章不少于90词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。 Places school hall/playground/classroom/... Activities … Feelings/Thoughts … Advice … During the past three years’ school life, I have so many good memories, I remember that ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 During the past three years’ school life, I have so many good memories. I remember that we had a party in our classroom when I was in Grade Nine. It was really unforgettable. On that day, all of us wore a smile on our faces. Everyone helped arrange the desks to make a stage for our shows and games. I performed a dance. Unluckily, my leg hit a desk by accident and it really hurt. At that time, I did really hope that we could have a larger stage. Reflecting on that day, I realize our school experience could have been better with improved facilities. For example, we might feel more comfortable if we had better air conditioners. We might play more games and the computers worked more smoothly. Besides, we might feel happier if our teachers could give us a performance. In general, I think it’s better to have fewer students in each class and I advise our school to provide better air conditioners and newer computers. 【详解】 [总体分析] 1 题材： 本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”和“一般现在时”； 2 提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接上文，介绍自己一个难忘的经历； 第二步，具体介绍经历的过程； 第三步，介绍那次经历带给自己的感受； 第四步，书写结语，提出建议。 [亮点词汇] ①by accident意外地②reflect on回想③in general总的来说 ④advise sb to do建议某人做某事 [高分句型] ①I remember that we had a party in our classroom when I was in Grade Nine. (that引导的宾语从句；when引导的时间状语从句)②For example, we might feel more comfortable if we had better air conditioners. (if引导条件状语从句) 10 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Back to school重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 一、重点单词 1．senior2．host 3．positive 4．opportunity 5．acquire 6．effort 7．resource 8．exchange 9．attitude 10．tough 11．individual 12．character 13．junior 14．focus15．tip 16．remind 17．aim 18．Material 19．secondary 20. well-rounded 二、词性转换 1. potential, potentially 2. challenge, challenging 3. advance, advanced 4. amaze, amazing, amazed, amazement 5. confidence, confident 6. equal, equality, equally 7. balance, balanced 8. improve, improvement 9. responsible, responsibility, responsibly 10. independent, independence 11. detail, detailed 12. base, basis, basic 13. propose, proposal 14. profession, professional, professor 15. alarm, alarmed, alarming 16. contribution, contribute, contributor 17. fortune, fortunate, fortunately 18. option, optional 19. attract, attractive, attraction 三、核心短语 1. lie in 2. rise to 3.make a difference 4.make the most of 5. take advantage of 6. last but not least 7.look forward to 8. as a result of 9. stick to 10. over time 四、单词拼写 1.contributions 2.individual 3.balance 4.opportunity 5.positive 6.improve7.fortunate 8.exchange9.attracted 10.host/hold11.attitude 12.options 13.professional 14.remind 15.details 16.proposal 17.equal 18.character 19.opportunity 20.acquire 五、完成句子 1. looking forward to 2. taken advantage / made use 3. what senior high school life is like 4. To fully realize, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources 5. Of equal importance are good study habits 6. As Lao-Tzu wisely said 7. so much that 8. found Maths quite ease and enjoyable 六、单句语法填空 1.proposal 2.independence 3.amazing 4.professional 5.to 6. a 7.confidence 8. in 9.optional 10.contributions11.over 12.alarmed 13.challenging 14.equality 15.opportunities 16.advanced 17.of 18.thinking 19.Unfortunately 20. responsibilities 02 词汇语境练 一、语法填空 （一） 1．is held 2．for 3．to watch 4．us 5．correctly 6．harder 7．but 8．a 9．cheered 10．will try （二） 1．was 2．us 3．is named 4．to know 5．relaxing 6．are coming 7．more 8．have started 9．really 10．subjects 二、完形填空 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 三、应用文写作 During the past three years’ school life, I have so many good memories. I remember that we had a party in our classroom when I was in Grade Nine. It was really unforgettable. On that day, all of us wore a smile on our faces. Everyone helped arrange the desks to make a stage for our shows and games. I performed a dance. Unluckily, my leg hit a desk by accident and it really hurt. At that time, I did really hope that we could have a larger stage. Reflecting on that day, I realize our school experience could have been better with improved facilities. For example, we might feel more comfortable if we had better air conditioners. We might play more games and the computers worked more smoothly. Besides, we might feel happier if our teachers could give us a performance. In general, I think it’s better to have fewer students in each class and I advise our school to provide better air conditioners and newer computers. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Back to school重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、重点单词 1 二、词性转换 1 三、核心短语 1 四、重点单词 1 五、单句语法填空 2 六、单词拼写 6 七、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、完形填空 11 三、应用文写作 一、重点单词 1． adj.中学的；级别高的；高级水平的；老年的 n．级别(或地位)较高者；较……年长的人；高水平运动员 2． n．主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办；主持 3． adj.积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 4． n．机会，时机 5． vt.获得，得到 6． n．努力，费力的事；试图 7． n．资源；资料；谋略 8． n．& vt.交换；交流；兑换 9． n．态度，看法 10． adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 11． n．个人adj.单独的，个别的 12． n．品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字 13． adj.地位(或级别)低的；青少年的 n．职位较低者；青少年运动员 14． n．焦点，重点 vt.& vi.集中 15． n．指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费 16． vt.提醒，使想起 17． n．目的，目标 vi.& vt.力争做到；目的是；针对 18． n．材料；素材 adj.物质的，实际的；客观存在的 19． adj.中学的；次要的 20. adj.全面发展的；面面俱到的 二、词性转换 1． n．潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的→ adv.潜在地，可能地 2． n．& vt.挑战；质疑→ adj.有挑战性的 3． n．进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.& vi.发展，进步→ adj.先进的；高级的 4． vt.使惊讶→ adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→ adj.惊讶的→ ______________n．惊讶 5． n．信心，信任；把握→ adj.自信的 6． adj.相等的；平等的；相当的 n．同等的人(物) linking v．与……相等 vt.比得上→ n．平等；相等→ adv.同样地；相等地；公平地 7． vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力→ adj.平衡的；均衡的 8． vt.& vi.改进，改善→ n．改进 9． adj.有责任，负责；可靠的→ n．责任→ adv．有责任地，负责地 10． adj.自主的，有主见的；自立的→ n．独立 11． n．细节；具体情况→ adj.详细的 12． vt.以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部→ n．基础；原因；基准→ adj.基础的 13． vt.提议→ n．提议，建议，动议 14． n．职业，专业→ adj.职业的，专业的 n．专门人员，专业人士→ n．教授，讲师 15． n．闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→ adj.惊恐的→ adj.使人惊恐的 16． n．贡献；捐款；捐赠→ vt.& vi.捐献；贡献→ n．捐献者；投稿人 17． n．运气；命运→ adj.幸运的→ adv.幸运地，幸亏 18． n．可选择的事物，选择；选修课→ adj.可选择的 19． vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→ adj.吸引人的→ n．有吸引力的事物 三、核心短语 1． 存在于，在于 2． 能够处理 3． 起作用，有影响 4． 充分利用，尽情享受 5． 利用 6． 最后但同样重要的 7． 盼望，期待 8． 由于 9． 坚持；固守，维持 10． 随着时间流逝，久而久之 四、单词拼写 1. (2025-2026学年江苏省常州市第一中学高一上学期期中) When seeking profits, socially responsible companies should never forget to make positive c________ to our society. 2．Each i________ in the group was encouraged to share their unique perspective, leading to a richer and more creative discussion. 3．Try to keep a b________ (平衡) between work and relaxation. 4．I’m more than pleased to take the ________ (机会) to communicate with foreign friends about cultures. 5．Last but not least, why not keep a _________ (积极的) and optimistic attitude at any time? 6．To ____________(提高) spoken English, talking with native speakers of English is a good way. 7．You probably have not realized how ________ (幸运) you are living in such a peaceful country. 8．Let me introduce Max, an ________ (交换) student from the UK, to you. 9．Soon, the video ____________(吸引) thousands of people and became a hit. 10．It’s the first time for me to ________ (主办) such a great event, so I feel nervous. 11．A positive ________ (态度) to his work inspires a person to make the right decisions. 12．If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two o________ (选择) for your future. 13．To solve this technical problem, we need the help of a p________ engineer with rich experience. 14．She continued to walk, needing to feel the cold to ________ her she was still alive. 15．We should pay attention to small d________ (细节), which can ensure our success in the end. 16．The student put forward a ________ (提议) to set up a book club in the class. 17．There is a (n) ________ (相等的) number of boys and girls in the class. 18．The director decided to add a humorous ________ (角色) to the film to balance its serious and tense plot. 19．A clever student knows to seize every o________ to improve himself. 20．Although technology has greatly changed the way we a________ (获得，得到) friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 五、完成句子 1．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）After reading Charlotte’s Web, I am _____________ (期待) its film adaptation. 2．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）Sam has ______________  (利用) the company’s training program to improve his communication skills.  3．我迫不及待地想要向你们描述高中生活的模样。 I can’t wait to describe to you . 4．要想充分发挥你的潜能，充分利用我们学校的资源对你很重要。 your potential， . 5．同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。 ，useful skills and a positive attitude. 6．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）正如老子睿智的箴言所说的那样：“千里之行，始于足下。” ，“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 7．我那么喜欢它以至于我仍旧用它作闹钟！ I like it I still use it as my alarm！ 8．我觉得数学很容易，学起来很愉快，因为英国的教材没有中国的难。 I because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China. 六、单句语法填空 1.(2025-2026学年江苏省常州市第一中学高一上学期期中) He put forward a (propose) that the meeting should be put off. 2.(2025-2026学年江苏省常州市第一中学高一上学期期中)．After graduation, she was eager to achieve financial (dependent) and no longer rely on her parents. 3．It's (amaze) that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until 1970s. 4．My (profession) training has taught me to look at things logically. 5．She’s senior     me, so I have to do what she tells me. 6．I had no idea a letter could make such difference! 7．I have much more than I had this morning. I think that tomorrow will be a great day! (confidence) 8．The beauty of the city lies the unique style of its buildings. 9.（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）Our school offers many (option) courses, allowing students to fully explore their interests. 10．The (contribute) that scientists have made to fighting diseases are widely recognized in the world. 11．Ideas about the social significance of religion have changed time. 12．The boys were (alarm) by the door suddenly being shut. 13.（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中I find learning foreign languages (challenge) but rewarding. 14．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）Schools should spare no effort to ensure (equal) of opportunities for all students, regardless of their family background. 15．Students in senior high should actively participate in social practice to take valuable (opportunity) to promote personal growth. 16．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）This course is designed for students with an (advance) level of English. 17．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most each day. 18．To be honest, your (think) always falls behind reality. 19.（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中） (fortune), by the time we arrived at the station, the last train had already left. 20．（2025-2026学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中）The teacher emphasizes that completing homework on time is one of the basic (responsible) of a student. 一、语法填空 （一） （2024·山东济南·中考真题） Last week I competed in the school spelling bee. This vocabulary competition 1 (hold) at our school every year. This year was the first time 2 me to take part in it. We all sat in three rows on the stage. When I looked up, I saw that the whole school had come 3 (watch) us take turns to spell words aloud. Suddenly, I felt very nervous. Soon, the spelling bee began. One at a time, each of 4 (we) stood at the microphone in the center of the stage. The judge (裁判) pronounced a word slowly. You had to spell it 5 (correct) to stay in the contest. The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got 6 (hard). I had to spell the word “acrobat”. I tried. I tried to picture it in my mind. Then I started to spell aloud, 7 I said the letter “k” instead of “e”. As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 8 mistake. But it was too late! I still smiled as I left the stage. My classmates 9 (cheer) to show they were proud of how hard I had tried. Of course, I was a little disappointed that I did not win, but 10 (try) again next year! （二） Hello, Lingling! My music lesson last week 1 (be) amazing! We’ve got a Chinese exchange student at our school, and he joined 2 (we) in the band practice. He had an amazing instrument from China. I can’t remember what it 3 (name), but it has two strings, and is a bit like a violin. It sounded amazing! Do you know what it could be? I also want 4 (know) why Chinese music always sounds so 5 (relax) and calm to me. Do you have any recommendations for different types of Chinese music I can listen to? The school holidays 6 (come) soon. Perhaps, over the holidays, I can learn a lot 7 (much) about Chinese music. I 8 (start) lessons in Physics and Chemistry already. I’m 9 (real) excited because I love these 10 (subject). I look forward to hearing back from you! Sandy 二、完形填空 Jack sat alone on the bus ride home from school. All his friends were 1 their class projects excitedly, but Jack remained silent. How could they understand his feelings when their parents would help them? His parents worked all the time. When the bus stopped, he raced home, 2 his schoolbag on the floor, and walked straight to his bedroom. “Jack?” Grandpa’s 3 called out. “Was that you?” Jack stopped 4 he closed his bedroom door. “Yes, Grandpa, it’s me.” Grandpa Higgins came from the kitchen carrying a sandwich. “You don’t sound okay,” he said as he took a 5 . Should Jack tell Grandpa the truth? What could it hurt? He quickly 6 they should do a class project for the weekend and together they would build something with an adult. The students needed to make a 7 to explain how their projects had gone. Grandpa listened quietly. “ 8 are you so unhappy?” Jack felt his 9 and anger rising inside him. “Because I don’t have anyone to help me.” He sounded so sad and so angry. Grandpa raised his eyebrows 10 . “What am I?” he asked gently. Jack froze. “You’d build a project with me, Grandpa?” “Sure, I would,” Grandpa said. “Just let me finish this sandwich.” Jack’s heart seemed so 11 that he thought it would float away. He rushed to the schoolbag and 12 his assignment paper. Then, they studied the assignment and made a list of ideas. Finally, they 13 to build a cardboard robot from old biscuit and noodle boxes. They used glue, staples, and tape. Grandpa helped a lot and he 14 found a box of eyeball stickers. When they finished, Jack looked at their misshapen (奇形怪状的) robot. He couldn’t stop smiling. “I think it’s the best 15 I have ever built. Now I have to write my report,” Jack said, hugging Grandpa. “Thank you, Grandpa. I had a lot of fun.” 1．A．discussing B．building C．reporting D．improving 2．A．dropped B．hung C．stuck D．hid 3．A．pronunciation B．voice C．noise D．sound 4．A．if B．until C．before D．though 5．A．break B．bite C．ride D．drink 6．A．recommended B．considered C．confirmed D．explained 7．A．change B．report C．robot D．choice 8．A．How B．Where C．Why D．What 9．A．sadness B．envy C．joy D．excitement 10．A．in luck B．in fear C．in anger D．in surprise 11．A．heavy B．big C．light D．empty 12．A．took out B．put away C．handed in D．cut off 13．A．promised B．forgot C．refused D．decided 14．A．just B．even C．still D．ever 15．A．room B．table C．schoolbag D．robot 三、应用文写作 （2025·江苏镇江·中考真题）为了给学生营造更好的成长环境，你校通过校报英文专栏向初三学生征集学校改善场地、筹划活动等方面的建议。请写一篇短文投稿。 要求： 1. 参考下表，记录至少一次你在某场地的活动经历和感受，并提出建议，可适当发挥； 2. 文章不少于90词，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等信息。 Places school hall/playground/classroom/... Activities … Feelings/Thoughts … Advice … During the past three years’ school life, I have so many good memories, I remember that ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $