热点时文02 神舟二十三号·航天革新技术与太空科学试验（阅读专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习时文阅读高分突破

**基本信息** 以神舟二十三号航天科技为主题，融合词汇筑基、长难句解码与多题型训练，构建“词汇-句子-篇章”递进逻辑，强化语言能力与科技文化认知。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文速递|1篇热点科技文|无|航天技术突破与科学实验的主题呈现| |词库筑基与拓维|10个课标词+5个拓维短语|无|核心词汇与航天术语的分级积累| |长句解码|1个复杂句解析|非限制性定语从句拆分法、仿写训练|语法规则与翻译技巧的实际应用| |阅读理解|4题|无|细节信息提取与主旨归纳能力考查| |语法填空|10空|无|动词时态、非谓语等语法知识综合运用| |应用文写作|1篇书信|无|信息整合与跨文化交际表达|

热点时文02 神舟二十三号·航天革新技术与太空科学试验 【时文·速递】 On the night of May 24, a Long March-2F Y23 rocket lifted off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and sent the Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft into preset orbit. The fully successful launch kicked off China’s 2026 manned space flight tasks, bringing multiple technological breakthroughs. 5 月 24 日晚间，长征二号 F 遥二十三运载火箭于酒泉卫星发射中心点火升空，将神舟二十三号载人飞船精准送入预定轨道。本次发射圆满成功，为中国 2026 年载人航天发射任务打响头炮，此次任务实现了多项技术创新突破。 The most important upgrade lies in the triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows. After window cracks on Shenzhou-20 once forced an unexpected extended orbit stay and triggered China’s first emergency manned launch, engineers completely redesigned the window structure. The old single anti-ablation glass was replaced with two ablation-resistant layers plus an inner protective layer. The new structure greatly boosts the ability to resist impacts from tiny space debris and better guarantees astronauts’ safety in orbit. 最亮眼的升级在于三层防烧蚀舷窗。此前神舟二十号飞船舷窗出现裂纹，致使航天员在轨停留时间被迫延长，我国紧急实施了史上首次载人航天应急发射。为此工程团队重新设计舷窗结构：原先仅单层防烧蚀玻璃，如今增设两层防烧蚀玻璃，再加一层内部防护层，形成三重防护结构。全新舷窗大幅提升抵御空间微小碎片撞击的能力，进一步保障航天员在轨驻留、作业安全。 Spacecraft of this batch also saw a huge leap in return cargo capacity. Earlier Shenzhou craft could only bring roughly 50 kilograms of samples back to Earth, forcing researchers to pick limited experimental items carefully. After upgrades, the return capsule can carry over 100 kilograms of payload, with cargo room tripled. Inside the cabin, new lightweight display consoles cut weight and volume while enabling clearer monitoring of flight data. A fast hatch leak tester quickly checks air tightness during station access, and retractable carbon fiber control sticks fit astronauts’ hands perfectly for more accurate operation. 同批次飞船返回载货能力实现大幅提升。以往神舟飞船仅能携带约 50 公斤货物返回地面，科研样本只能精挑细选；经过技术改造，新飞船返回载荷超 100 公斤，载货空间提升两倍。舱内搭载多款自研新设备，兼顾作业效率与安全：轻量化定制显控台减重缩体，方便航天员实时查看复杂飞行参数；快速舱门检漏仪可在进出空间站时快速检测舱体密封性；碳纤维伸缩操控杆贴合人手工学设计，操作精度更高。 Shenzhou-23 achieved China’s first 3.5-hour fast radial docking with the Tiangong space station, widely seen as the trickiest docking mode, like threading a needle in space. Unlike front and rear docking, which can take advantage of steady temporary parking positions to reduce system pressure, radial docking has no stable holding point, requiring the spacecraft to constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit and maintain continuous dynamic control.The guidance system has to balance fuel use in real time, demanding ultra-high speed, precision and autonomous operation. Meanwhile, upgraded sensors continuously monitor cabin pressure, temperature, humidity and gas makeup to track internal living conditions round the clock. 神舟二十三号完成我国首次 3.5 小时快速径向交会对接，该对接方式技术难度最高，被称作 “太空穿针引线”。与前后对接利用稳定的临时泊位降低系统压力不同，径向对接没有稳定的固定点，需要航天器不断调整飞行姿态和轨道，保持连续的动态控制。制导导航控制系统需实时调配燃料消耗，对响应速度、控制精度、自主运行能力提出极高要求。配套升级环境监测传感器，可不间断监测舱内气压、温度、湿度与气体成分，实现舱内环境全天候实时监控。 Besides hardware improvements, nine scientific experiments are onboard, with rice cultivation standing out as a landmark project. For the first time worldwide, researchers will complete two continuous generations of rice growth in orbit: rice will mature and be harvested in space, then its seeds replanted for a second growth cycle. Two control groups are set for comparison — offspring of rice grown in space before, and rice seeds that have never left Earth. The data will reveal how long-term weightlessness influences rice genes and growth, laying groundwork for future food planting on the Moon and Mars. 除硬件革新外，飞船搭载九项科学实验，水稻培育实验尤为关键。本次任务将完成全球首次在轨连续两代水稻种植：太空培育成熟收获种子后，直接在舱内播种培育第二代。研究设置两组对照样本 —— 一批是曾上过太空的水稻后代，另一批是从未进入太空的种子。通过对比两者在轨生长状态，研究长期微重力环境对水稻基因稳定性、生长状态的影响，为未来月球、火星粮食种植奠定科研基础。 Another key test targets perovskite solar cells. Featuring high energy efficiency, light weight and outstanding power output, they are viewed as ideal power supplies for future space facilities. On this mission, the space station runs its first in-orbit dynamic test of such cells, recording efficiency loss under harsh cosmic environments to analyze their long-term service performance. 另一项重点实验聚焦钙钛矿太阳能电池。该电池发电效率高、重量轻、功率密度优异，低温制备工艺成熟，是未来空间站与深空基地理想能源方案。本次任务将在轨首次对钙钛矿太阳能电池开展动态性能测试，记录极端太空环境下电池发电效率衰减数据，深入研究其长期在轨工作性能。 【词库·筑基】——课标词汇提取 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. .multiple /ˈmʌltɪp(ə)l/ 多个的，多种的 2. trigger/ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ v. 引发，激发；起动，触发 3. redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ v. 重新设计；重新规划 4.boost /buːst/ v. 使增长，推动 5.temporary /temprəri/ adj. 暂时的，临时的 6.precision /prɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 精确（性），准确（性） 7. autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj. 自动的 8. makeup /meɪkʌp/ n. 组成，构造 9. onboard /ˈɒnbɔːd/ adv. 在船上；在飞机上 10. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/ n. 效率，效能 【词库·拓维】 01 the triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows三层防烧蚀舱窗 The new spacecraft is equipped with triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows to ensure astronauts’ safety in space. 这艘新飞船配备三层防烧蚀舷窗，保障航天员的太空安全。 02 lightweight display consoles轻型显示控制台 The lightweight display consoles inside the capsule help astronauts watch flight data conveniently. 返回舱内的轻量化显控台方便航天员查看飞行数据。 03 retractable carbon fiber可伸缩碳纤维 The retractable carbon fiber control sticks bring higher operation accuracy for taikonauts in the capsule. 舱内可伸缩碳纤维操控杆让航天员的操作精度更高。 04 lay groundwork for 为…打下基础 The rice cultivation experiment in space lays solid groundwork for future grain planting on the Moon. 太空水稻培育实验为未来月球粮食种植打下坚实基础。 05 perovskite solar cells 钙钛矿太阳能电池 Perovskite solar cells are expected to become a new energy choice for deep-space exploration. 钙钛矿太阳能电池有望成为深空探测的新型能源方案。 【长句·解码】 原句： Unlike front and rear docking, which can take advantage of steady temporary parking positions to reduce system pressure, radial docking has no stable holding point, requiring the spacecraft to constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit and maintain continuous dynamic control. 语法解析： 1. 主句：Unlike front and rear docking,radial docking has no stable holding point。“Unlike front and rear docking”是介词短语作状语， 主语是“radial docking”，谓语是“has”，宾语是“no stable hold point”，。 2. “requiring the spacecraft to constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit and maintain continuous dynamic control”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中“and maintain continuous dynamic control”与 “to constantly adjust its flight...”是并列结构作宾补：require sb to do sth 。 3. “which rely on steady temporary parking positions to ease system pressure”为非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句修饰先行词“front and rear docking”，具体说明“前后对接”的特性。其中的 “ to ease system pressure”为不定时短语作目的状语，说明其目的。 翻译技巧： 非限制性定语从句拆分法（长从句不堆砌） 非限制性定语从句（逗号 + 关系词）大多篇幅较长，如果强行翻译成 “…… 的” 放在名词前面，中文句子会臃肿拗口，所以翻译方法就是拆分出来，单独成一句话。 原句：Unlike front and rear docking,which can take advantage of steady temporary parking positions to reduce system pressure 错误直译：不像能够利用稳定临时停泊点减轻系统压力的前后向对接 拆分译法：不像前后向对接，可借助稳定的临时停泊点，以此降低控制系统负荷。 仿写练习： 纸质书本可依靠自然光呵护我们的视力，与之不同，手机屏幕会产生有害蓝光，这就要求我们定时休息，控制每日看屏幕的时长。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. Why did engineers redesign the cabin windows of Shenzhou series? A. Single-layer windows failed to stop sunlight from entering the capsule. B. Broken windows on Shenzhou-20 caused an emergency manned launch. C. The old windows took up too much space inside the spacecraft. D. Single-layer glass could not watch space debris clearly. 2. What change has taken place in the return cargo capacity of upgraded Shenzhou spacecraft? A. Its payload weight is strictly doubled to exactly 100 kilograms. B. It can carry about 50 kg more samples than former models. C. The cargo space inside the capsule has been cut down greatly. D. It still can only carry a tiny amount of experimental samples home. 3.What makes radial docking much harder than front and rear docking? A. It needs fewer fuel adjustments during the whole process. B. It depends on stable temporary parking positions in orbit. C. It requires continuous dynamic adjustment without fixed holding points. D. Its guidance system only works at low speed with low precision. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. Major technical upgrades and scientific experiments of the Shenzhou-23 mission. B. The whole process of the radial docking with the Tiangong space station. C. Different kinds of high-tech equipment installed inside Shenzhou-23 capsule. D. The long-term food production plan for future lunar and Mars exploration. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 New Upgrades & Breakthroughs on Shenzhou-23 Mission On the night of May 24, a Long March-2F Y23 rocket lifted off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center 1.______ (send) the Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft into preset orbit. The fully successful launch kicked off China’s 2026 manned space flight tasks, 2.______ (bring) multiple technological breakthroughs. The most prominent upgrade lies in the triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows. After window cracks on Shenzhou-20 once forced an unexpected extended orbit stay and triggered China’s first emergency manned launch, engineers completely redesigned the window structure. The old single anti-ablation glass 3.______ (replace) with two ablation-resistant layers plus an inner protective layer. The new structure greatly boosts the ability 4.______ (resist) impacts from tiny space debris. Spacecraft of this batch also saw a huge leap in return cargo capacity. Earlier Shenzhou craft could only bring 5.__________(rough) 50 kilograms of samples back to Earth,forcing researchers to pick limited experimental items carefully. After upgrades, the return capsule can carry over 100 kilograms of payload, with cargo room tripled. Inside the cabin, retractable carbon fiber control sticks fit astronauts’ hands perfectly for 6.______ (accurate) operation. Shenzhou-23 achieved China’s first 3.5-hour fast radial docking with the Tiangong space station,widely 7.___________ (see) as the trickiest docking mode. Unlike front and rear docking, which rely on steady temporary parking positions, radial docking has no stable hold point. The craft must constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit, keeping dynamic control nonstop. Besides hardware improvements, nine scientific experiments are onboard, with rice cultivation standing out as 8.______ landmark project. For the first time worldwide, researchers will complete two continuous generations of rice growth in orbit. The data will reveal how long-term weightlessness influences rice genes and growth, 9.______ (lay) groundwork for future food planting on the Moon and Mars. Another key test targets perovskite solar cells, 10.______ feature high energy efficiency and light weight. 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国航天很感兴趣，来信询问神舟二十三号飞船的新技术与太空水稻实验。请你给他回信，介绍本次任务的两大亮点：飞船硬件升级、太空水稻培育，并邀请他以后一同观看航天直播。 要求: 1.词数80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：spaceship hardware upgrade, rice cultivation experiment Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 一、阅读理解 A · （2026·四川广元·模拟） According to NASA and the European Space Agency, this winter should be a perfect time to see northern lights. Here we suggest where to see them in style. Deplar Farm, Iceland Isolated in the ice valleys of the Troll peninsula in northern Iceland, Deplar Farm has uninterrupted views of the aurora borealis (极光). The 13-room lodge offers activities such as winter heli-skiing, mountain biking and horse riding in the snow. Nordic-style suites look out over a lake and mountain from which to hike and view the green skies. Doubles from £ 960 a night Sheldon Chalet, Alaska, USA The only things around this Alaskan hideaway are razor-sharp mountainous peaks, hanging glaciers and ice falls. With no roads, there is no easy way to get there other than by private helicopter from Talkeetna or Anchorage. The retreat, with its five Nordic-style rooms, includes an open-plan living area and observation deck for aurora viewing. All-inclusive for ten from £ 24,200 a night Blachford Lake Lodge, Canada Blachford Lake Lodge can be reached only by its own float plane, which leaves Yellowknife, three times a week. The interiors are rough and wooden, with expansive windows for prime aurora viewing. During the day guests can head out on cross-country hikes, go snowshoeing and ice fishing or settle down around a bonfire. Doubles from £ 2,460, minimum three-night stay Manshausen, Norway On a private island in the Arctic Circle, Manshausen encourages guests to disconnect in the wilderness. The lodge’s remoteness allows for some adventures, from ice diving and sea eagle-spotting to challenging hikes along the rough Nordskot range. All cabins have beds with views of the bay — as does the hot tub. Doubles from £ 2050, minimum two-night stay on weekends 1．What can visitors do at Manshausen? A．Ice fishing. B．Horse riding. C．Sea eagle watching. D．Winter heli-skiing. 2．For a one-night stay, which lodge is available to a couple? A．Deplar Farm. B．Manshausen. C．Blachford Lake Lodge. D．Sheldon Chalet. 3．What do Sheldon Chalet and Blachford Lake Lodge have in common? A．They can only be reached by air. B．They both offer Nordic-style rooms. C．They require a minimum three-night stay. D．They are both located in the Arctic Circle. B （2026高三·安徽阜阳·阶段检测） In a leap forward for astronomy, 18-year-old Matte o Paz has developed an AI algorithm (算法) that discovered over one million celestial (太空的) objects by analyzing understudied NASA data. His breakthrough, detailed in The Astronomical Journal, recently earned him the $ 250,000 first-place prize in the 2025 Regeneron Science Talent Search, the nation’s most established science competition for high school seniors. Matteo’s journey began in 2022 at the Planet Finder Academy at Caltech. Under the guidance of astronomer Davy Kirkpatrick, he was introduced to a massive dataset from the retired NEOWISE telescope. While the telescope was designed to find asteroids (小行星), it also captured the shifting heat of “variable objects” — rare phenomena like exploding stars. Kirkpatrick had long hoped to explore this raw data for such hard-to-find targets. “Prior to Matteo’s work, no one had tried to use the entire 200-billion-row table to identify and classify all of the significant variability,” Kirkpatrick noted. Rather than sorting through the data by hand, Matteo built an AI model to detect tiny infrared (红外线的) radiation changes. His model ultimately flagged 1.5 million potential new objects, including supernovas and black holes, creating a catalog now known as VarWISE. The young scientist’s achievement has left the professional community in awe. “The variable candidates that he’s uncovered will be widely studied,” says Amy Mainzer, NEOWISE’s principal investigator. Despite the recognition, Matte o remains humble about his victory in the talent search. “Not only placing in the top ten, but winning first place, came as an intense surprise,” he told reporters. “It still hasn’t fully sunk in.” Looking ahead, Matteo believes his AI model could be applied to other time-based formats, such as analyzing stock markets or tracking atmospheric pollution. As Matteo continues his research, he joins a bright generation of teenage scientists tackling everything from the human genome to environmental crises. 4．What earned Matte o the top prize in the competition? A．Revolutionizing data analysis and celestial discovery. B．Managing a massive dataset from retired telescopes. C．Participating in a program at a well-known academy. D．Publishing a research paper in a professional journal. 5．What can be inferred about the NEOWISE dataset before Matteo? A．Its full potential remained largely untapped. B．Its primary purpose was to track asteroids. C．It was considered outdated by scientists. D．It was too massive for AI to analyze. 6．How did Matte o most likely feel about winning the first-place prize? A．Relieved. B．Encouraged. C．Astonished. D．Amused. 7．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Variable Objects in Space: The Next Frontier for AI B．Teen’s AI Model Unlocks Hidden Treasures in NASA Data C．A Record-Breaking Discovery in Modern Astronomy Is Made D．The NEOWISE Telescope: A New Tool for Young Scientists C （2026·云南昆明·模拟预测） Astronomers have just spotted one of the biggest spinning structures ever seen. A string of 14 galaxies spanning 5.5 million light-years is rotating (旋转) together, located inside a spinning chunk of the cosmic web (宇宙网). Such a consistent direction of spin is unexpected and could complicate major upcoming surveys. Scientists found the structure in data from the MeerKAT radio telescope. Later, they saw that members on one end of the string were moving toward us, while those on the other end were moving away. They also found that outside its central line, the main part races around at some 250,000 mph (400,000 km/h). The galaxies are full of neutral hydrogen, the raw material for star formation. Because hydrogen is easily disturbed, it acts like a sign, revealing the flow of gas and momentum (动量). That makes this structure a live demo of how galaxies grow, acquiring material and spinning up over time. What surprised the team is that most of the galaxies are also turning around their own center in the same direction as the whole structure is spinning. Astronomers generally think galaxies rotate randomly. But in this case, “We believe this is caused by the gravitational interaction between the galaxies and the structure,” says Madalina Tudorache, the leading researcher. More specifically, the structure is passing its spin on to the galaxies through “a transfer of angular momentum (角动量).” This provides important clues to how a galaxy’s environment affects its formation and evolution. Giant spinning structures such as this could throw a wrench into current and future cosmological surveys. Present projects study the universe by exploiting the fact that light from cosmic objects is bent to Earth by the gravity of matter it passes, which can make galaxies appear to be lined up. But if galaxies are actually lined up, it could produce a false signal, making our maps incorrect. “This structure breaks our assumption that all galaxies are randomly oriented,” says Naomi Robertson, a research associate at the University of Edinburgh, adding that such observations help astronomers test data analysis methods and explore the cosmic web more fully by combining multiple datasets. 8．What do we know about the newly discovered structure? A．It is the largest spinning structure ever found. B．It consists of 14 galaxies moving in random directions. C．Its galaxies spin in the opposite direction of the structure. D．Its galaxies contain neutral hydrogen uncovering gas flow. 9．What can be learned from Tudorache’s words about the discovery? A．It happens by chance and has little scientific significance. B．It results from the structure transferring its spin to the galaxies. C．It proves that galaxies always spin in the same direction. D．It challenges all existing theories about galaxy formation. 10．What does the underlined phrase “throw a wrench into” in the last paragraph mean? A．Completely destroy. B．Cause problems for. C．Slightly enhance. D．Provide support for. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How do Galaxies Get Their Spin? B．Will Lined-up Galaxies Ruin Space Surveys? C．Giant Spinning Galaxies Found in Cosmic Web D．Studying Galaxies Through the Cosmic Web 二、七选五 （原创题） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The China-Europe joint SMILE satellite has successfully entered its planned orbit, marking a new breakthrough in solar-terrestrial space research. As a key mission of China’s space science program, it carries out the world’s first soft X-ray panoramic（全景的） imaging of Earth’s magnetic field, filling an important gap in China’s space exploration. 1. ________ Space science is a key symbol of a country’s scientific and technological strength. In the past, China relied heavily on foreign public space data due to the lack of self-developed advanced satellites, greatly limiting frontier space research. 2. ________ Major models include the dark matter detection satellite DAMPE, the world’s first quantum satellite Micius and the solar observation satellite ASO-S, achieving fruitful original research results in multiple fields. With deep-space exploration advancing rapidly, single-satellite observation has shown obvious shortcomings, such as limited coverage and discontinuous data. 3. ________ To solve these problems, China has adopted a new exploration model combining satellite groups and space-ground monitoring systems. Working with ASO-S and ground-based monitoring networks, SMILE forms a complete system to monitor the solar-terrestrial environment, offering solid support for spacecraft operation, communication and navigation. 4. ________ Currently, China has realized full independent research and development in core space technologies, achieving technological self-reliance. Meanwhile, it sticks to open international cooperation. Through projects like SMILE, China shares data and develops space platforms with global partners. Released in 2024, China’s long-term space science roadmap outlines a clear three-step development plan. From single-satellite attempts to systematic constellation exploration, China’s space science industry is growing increasingly mature. 5. ________ Future satellite groups will further strengthen independent innovation, boost deep-space research and help build China into a major space and technological power. A. It also shows China’s shift from single technical breakthroughs to systematic satellite exploration. B. Such drawbacks make it hard to record complex space dynamic processes accurately. C. China has made steady progress in basic science and engineering in recent years. D. Since 2011, China has launched a series of independent space science satellites. E. China has also built the world’s first three-satellite lunar orbit constellation for deep-space research. F. International cooperation plays a vital role in global scientific and technological development. G. This strategic plan lays a solid foundation for the long-term growth of China’s space industry. 三、语法填空 （2026高三·安徽马鞍山·专题练习） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Jessica Watkins was seven years old, she told her parents she wanted to become an astronaut. They smiled, 1 (encourage) by her determination, but thought it was just a child’s dream. Twenty years later, Watkins proved them wrong. Growing up in a small town, she had limited access 2 science museums or space camps. Yet she never gave up. Every night, she would study under the dim light, 3 (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings. Her hard work paid off. She earned a scholarship to a top university, 4 she studied geology. After graduation, she applied to NASA’s astronaut program — twice. The first time, she was turned 5 . But she didn’t let failure define her. She gained more experience, earned a doctorate, and applied again. In 2026, Watkins finally received 6 call she had been waiting for. She was selected as one of twelve 7 (candidate) for the Mars mission training program. When asked about her journey, she said, “Success is not about never 8 (fall). It’s about getting up one more time than you fall.” Her story 9 (share) widely on social media, inspiring millions of young people. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the 10 (far) dreams can become reality. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点时文02 神舟二十三号·航天革新技术与太空科学试验 【时文·速递】 On the night of May 24, a Long March-2F Y23 rocket lifted off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and sent the Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft into preset orbit. The fully successful launch kicked off China’s 2026 manned space flight tasks, bringing multiple technological breakthroughs. 5 月 24 日晚间，长征二号 F 遥二十三运载火箭于酒泉卫星发射中心点火升空，将神舟二十三号载人飞船精准送入预定轨道。本次发射圆满成功，为中国 2026 年载人航天发射任务打响头炮，此次任务实现了多项技术创新突破。 The most important upgrade lies in the triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows. After window cracks on Shenzhou-20 once forced an unexpected extended orbit stay and triggered China’s first emergency manned launch, engineers completely redesigned the window structure. The old single anti-ablation glass was replaced with two ablation-resistant layers plus an inner protective layer. The new structure greatly boosts the ability to resist impacts from tiny space debris and better guarantees astronauts’ safety in orbit. 最亮眼的升级在于三层防烧蚀舷窗。此前神舟二十号飞船舷窗出现裂纹，致使航天员在轨停留时间被迫延长，我国紧急实施了史上首次载人航天应急发射。为此工程团队重新设计舷窗结构：原先仅单层防烧蚀玻璃，如今增设两层防烧蚀玻璃，再加一层内部防护层，形成三重防护结构。全新舷窗大幅提升抵御空间微小碎片撞击的能力，进一步保障航天员在轨驻留、作业安全。 Spacecraft of this batch also saw a huge leap in return cargo capacity. Earlier Shenzhou craft could only bring roughly 50 kilograms of samples back to Earth, forcing researchers to pick limited experimental items carefully. After upgrades, the return capsule can carry over 100 kilograms of payload, with cargo room tripled. Inside the cabin, new lightweight display consoles cut weight and volume while enabling clearer monitoring of flight data. A fast hatch leak tester quickly checks air tightness during station access, and retractable carbon fiber control sticks fit astronauts’ hands perfectly for more accurate operation. 同批次飞船返回载货能力实现大幅提升。以往神舟飞船仅能携带约 50 公斤货物返回地面，科研样本只能精挑细选；经过技术改造，新飞船返回载荷超 100 公斤，载货空间提升两倍。舱内搭载多款自研新设备，兼顾作业效率与安全：轻量化定制显控台减重缩体，方便航天员实时查看复杂飞行参数；快速舱门检漏仪可在进出空间站时快速检测舱体密封性；碳纤维伸缩操控杆贴合人手工学设计，操作精度更高。 Shenzhou-23 achieved China’s first 3.5-hour fast radial docking with the Tiangong space station, widely seen as the trickiest docking mode, like threading a needle in space. Unlike front and rear docking, which can take advantage of steady temporary parking positions to reduce system pressure, radial docking has no stable holding point, requiring the spacecraft to constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit and maintain continuous dynamic control.The guidance system has to balance fuel use in real time, demanding ultra-high speed, precision and autonomous operation. Meanwhile, upgraded sensors continuously monitor cabin pressure, temperature, humidity and gas makeup to track internal living conditions round the clock. 神舟二十三号完成我国首次 3.5 小时快速径向交会对接，该对接方式技术难度最高，被称作 “太空穿针引线”。与前后对接利用稳定的临时泊位降低系统压力不同，径向对接没有稳定的固定点，需要航天器不断调整飞行姿态和轨道，保持连续的动态控制。制导导航控制系统需实时调配燃料消耗，对响应速度、控制精度、自主运行能力提出极高要求。配套升级环境监测传感器，可不间断监测舱内气压、温度、湿度与气体成分，实现舱内环境全天候实时监控。 Besides hardware improvements, nine scientific experiments are onboard, with rice cultivation standing out as a landmark project. For the first time worldwide, researchers will complete two continuous generations of rice growth in orbit: rice will mature and be harvested in space, then its seeds replanted for a second growth cycle. Two control groups are set for comparison — offspring of rice grown in space before, and rice seeds that have never left Earth. The data will reveal how long-term weightlessness influences rice genes and growth, laying groundwork for future food planting on the Moon and Mars. 除硬件革新外，飞船搭载九项科学实验，水稻培育实验尤为关键。本次任务将完成全球首次在轨连续两代水稻种植：太空培育成熟收获种子后，直接在舱内播种培育第二代。研究设置两组对照样本 —— 一批是曾上过太空的水稻后代，另一批是从未进入太空的种子。通过对比两者在轨生长状态，研究长期微重力环境对水稻基因稳定性、生长状态的影响，为未来月球、火星粮食种植奠定科研基础。 Another key test targets perovskite solar cells. Featuring high energy efficiency, light weight and outstanding power output, they are viewed as ideal power supplies for future space facilities. On this mission, the space station runs its first in-orbit dynamic test of such cells, recording efficiency loss under harsh cosmic environments to analyze their long-term service performance. 另一项重点实验聚焦钙钛矿太阳能电池。该电池发电效率高、重量轻、功率密度优异，低温制备工艺成熟，是未来空间站与深空基地理想能源方案。本次任务将在轨首次对钙钛矿太阳能电池开展动态性能测试，记录极端太空环境下电池发电效率衰减数据，深入研究其长期在轨工作性能。 【词库·筑基】——课标词汇提取 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. .multiple /ˈmʌltɪp(ə)l/ 多个的，多种的 2. trigger/ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ v. 引发，激发；起动，触发 3. redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ v. 重新设计；重新规划 4.boost /buːst/ v. 使增长，推动 5.temporary /temprəri/ adj. 暂时的，临时的 6.precision /prɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 精确（性），准确（性） 7. autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj. 自动的 8. makeup /meɪkʌp/ n. 组成，构造 9. onboard /ˈɒnbɔːd/ adv. 在船上；在飞机上 10. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nsi/ n. 效率，效能 【词库·拓维】 01 the triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows三层防烧蚀舱窗 The new spacecraft is equipped with triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows to ensure astronauts’ safety in space. 这艘新飞船配备三层防烧蚀舷窗，保障航天员的太空安全。 02 lightweight display consoles轻型显示控制台 The lightweight display consoles inside the capsule help astronauts watch flight data conveniently. 返回舱内的轻量化显控台方便航天员查看飞行数据。 03 retractable carbon fiber可伸缩碳纤维 The retractable carbon fiber control sticks bring higher operation accuracy for taikonauts in the capsule. 舱内可伸缩碳纤维操控杆让航天员的操作精度更高。 04 lay groundwork for 为…打下基础 The rice cultivation experiment in space lays solid groundwork for future grain planting on the Moon. 太空水稻培育实验为未来月球粮食种植打下坚实基础。 05 perovskite solar cells 钙钛矿太阳能电池 Perovskite solar cells are expected to become a new energy choice for deep-space exploration. 钙钛矿太阳能电池有望成为深空探测的新型能源方案。 【长句·解码】 原句： Unlike front and rear docking, which can take advantage of steady temporary parking positions to reduce system pressure, radial docking has no stable holding point, requiring the spacecraft to constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit and maintain continuous dynamic control. 语法解析： 1. 主句：Unlike front and rear docking,radial docking has no stable holding point。“Unlike front and rear docking”是介词短语作状语， 主语是“radial docking”，谓语是“has”，宾语是“no stable hold point”，。 2. “requiring the spacecraft to constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit and maintain continuous dynamic control”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中“and maintain continuous dynamic control”与 “to constantly adjust its flight...”是并列结构作宾补：require sb to do sth 。 3. “which rely on steady temporary parking positions to ease system pressure”为非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句修饰先行词“front and rear docking”，具体说明“前后对接”的特性。其中的 “ to ease system pressure”为不定时短语作目的状语，说明其目的。 翻译技巧： 非限制性定语从句拆分法（长从句不堆砌） 非限制性定语从句（逗号 + 关系词）大多篇幅较长，如果强行翻译成 “…… 的” 放在名词前面，中文句子会臃肿拗口，所以翻译方法就是拆分出来，单独成一句话。 原句：Unlike front and rear docking,which can take advantage of steady temporary parking positions to reduce system pressure 错误直译：不像能够利用稳定临时停泊点减轻系统压力的前后向对接 拆分译法：不像前后向对接，可借助稳定的临时停泊点，以此降低控制系统负荷。 仿写练习： 纸质书本可依靠自然光呵护我们的视力，与之不同，手机屏幕会产生有害蓝光，这就要求我们定时休息，控制每日看屏幕的时长。 Unlike paper books, which can rely on natural light to protect our eyesight, mobile screens produce harmful blue light, requiring us to take regular breaks and control our screen time every day. 一、阅读理解 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. Why did engineers redesign the cabin windows of Shenzhou series? A. Single-layer windows failed to stop sunlight from entering the capsule. B. Broken windows on Shenzhou-20 caused an emergency manned launch. C. The old windows took up too much space inside the spacecraft. D. Single-layer glass could not watch space debris clearly. 2. What change has taken place in the return cargo capacity of upgraded Shenzhou spacecraft? A. Its payload weight is strictly doubled to exactly 100 kilograms. B. It can carry about 50 kg more samples than former models. C. The cargo space inside the capsule has been cut down greatly. D. It still can only carry a tiny amount of experimental samples home. 3.What makes radial docking much harder than front and rear docking? A. It needs fewer fuel adjustments during the whole process. B. It depends on stable temporary parking positions in orbit. C. It requires continuous dynamic adjustment without fixed holding points. D. Its guidance system only works at low speed with low precision. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A. Major technical upgrades and scientific experiments of the Shenzhou-23 mission. B. The whole process of the radial docking with the Tiangong space station. C. Different kinds of high-tech equipment installed inside Shenzhou-23 capsule. D. The long-term food production plan for future lunar and Mars exploration. 【答案详解】 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇英文新闻报道（科技类时事新闻），属于科普时文，也是高考英语阅读高频文体。主要讲的是神舟二十三号发射圆满成功，并系统讲解本次任务在飞船硬件、交会对接、空间生物与新能源领域实现的一系列技术创新与科学突破。 1．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“After window cracks on Shenzhou-20 once forced an unexpected extended orbit stay and triggered China’s first emergency manned launch, engineers completely redesigned the window structure.（神舟二十号舷窗出现裂缝，迫使航天员在轨停留时间意外延长，并引发我国首次载人航天应急发射，为此工程师重新设计了舷窗结构。）”可知，A. 单层舷窗无法阻挡阳光进入舱内。 原文没有提到阳光相关内容，无依据，错误。 B. 神舟二十号破损的舷窗引发了一次载人航天应急发射。 和定位句 triggered China’s first emergency manned launch 完全对应，正确。 C. 旧舷窗在飞船内部占用空间过大。 全文未提及舷窗占用空间问题，无依据，错误。 D. 单层玻璃无法清晰观测太空碎片。 文中只说新舷窗抵御碎片撞击，没说旧舷窗看不清碎片，偷换概念，错误。故选B。 2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Earlier Shenzhou craft could only bring roughly 50 kilograms of samples back to Earth, forcing researchers to pick limited experimental items carefully. After upgrades, the return capsule can carry over 100 kilograms of payload, with cargo room tripled.（老式神舟飞船仅能带回约 50 公斤样本，科研人员只能精选有限实验物品；升级后返回舱可搭载超 100 公斤载荷，载货空间增至三倍。）”可知，A 错误。原文新飞船载重是 over 100 kg（超过 100 公斤），并非精准恰好 100 公斤；strictly doubled（严格翻倍、丝毫不差）和原文不符。 B 正确。旧飞船约 50kg，新款超 100kg，差值大约 50 公斤，about 50kg 和原文数据匹配。 C 错误。原文载货空间提升至三倍，而非大幅缩减，语义完全相反。 D 错误。只能携带少量样本是老式飞船的局限，不是升级后的变化，答非所问。故选B。 3. C 细节理解题。 根据第四段第二、三句“Unlike front and rear docking, which rely on steady temporary parking positions to ease system pressure, radial docking has no stable hold point. The craft must constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit, keeping dynamic control nonstop.（前后向对接依靠稳定临时停泊点减轻系统压力；而径向对接无稳定停泊点，飞船必须不断调整飞行姿态和轨道，全程保持动态控制。）”可知A. 全过程需要更少的燃料调整。 原文制导系统要实时平衡燃料，未说更少调整，错误。 B. 它依靠轨道中稳定的临时停泊点。 这是前后向对接的特点，不是径向对接，张冠李戴，错误。 C. 它没有固定停泊点，需要持续动态调整。 完全匹配原文 no stable hold point、constantly adjust，正确。 D. 其制导系统仅能低速、低精度运行。 原文要求超高速度、精度，语义完全相反，错误。故选C。 4. A 主旨归纳题。 全文结构梳理，第二、三、四段讲到硬件技术革新：三层防烧蚀舷窗、返回载货能力提升、舱内新式设备、3.5 小时快速径向对接；第五、六段讲述搭载科学实验：全球首次两代水稻培育、钙钛矿太阳能电池在轨测试。A. 神舟二十三号任务的重大技术升级与科学实验。 完整概括全文两大主体内容，主旨准确，正确。 B. 与天宫空间站径向对接的完整全过程。 仅对应第四段，只是局部细节，无法概括全文，片面。 C. 神舟舱内安装的各类高科技设备。 只覆盖硬件升级部分，漏掉后半段科学实验，片面。 D. 未来月球与火星探测的长期粮食生产计划。 仅水稻实验的次要目的，不是文章中心，片面。故选A。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the night of May 24, a Long March-2F Y23 rocket lifted off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and 1.______ (send) the Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft into preset orbit. The fully successful launch kicked off China’s 2026 manned space flight tasks, 2.______ (bring) multiple technological breakthroughs. The most prominent upgrade lies in the triple-layer anti-ablation cabin windows. After window cracks on Shenzhou-20 once forced an unexpected extended orbit stay and triggered China’s first emergency manned launch, engineers completely redesigned the window structure. The old single anti-ablation glass 3.______ (replace) with two ablation-resistant layers plus an inner protective layer. The new structure greatly boosts the ability 4.______ (resist) impacts from tiny space debris. Spacecraft of this batch also saw a huge leap in return cargo capacity. Earlier Shenzhou craft could only bring 5.__________(rough) 50 kilograms of samples back to Earth,forcing researchers to pick limited experimental items carefully. After upgrades, the return capsule can carry over 100 kilograms of payload, with cargo room tripled. Inside the cabin, retractable carbon fiber control sticks fit astronauts’ hands perfectly for 6.______ (accurate) operation. Shenzhou-23 achieved China’s first 3.5-hour fast radial docking with the Tiangong space station,widely 7.___________ (see) as the trickiest docking mode. Unlike front and rear docking, which rely on steady temporary parking positions, radial docking has no stable hold point. The craft must constantly adjust its flight posture and orbit, keeping dynamic control nonstop. Besides hardware improvements, nine scientific experiments are onboard, with rice cultivation standing out as 8.______ landmark project. For the first time worldwide, researchers will complete two continuous generations of rice growth in orbit. The data will reveal how long-term weightlessness influences rice genes and growth, 9.______ (lay) groundwork for future food planting on the Moon and Mars. Another key test targets perovskite solar cells, 10.______ feature high energy efficiency and light weight. 【答案】 1.sent 2.bringing 3.was replaced 4.to resist 5.roughly 6.more accurate 7.seen 8.a 9.laying 10.which 【详解】 1.sent 解析：考查谓语一般过去时。连词 and 连接两个并列谓语动词：lifted off 和空格处单词，共用主语 a Long March-2F Y23 rocket。lifted off是一般过去时，所以send用过去式 sent。句意：5 月 24 日晚，长征二号 F 遥二十三运载火箭从酒泉卫星发射中心升空，将神舟二十三号载人飞船送入预定轨道。 2.bringing 解析：考查现在分词作自然而然的结果状语。发射圆满成功，随之带来多项技术突破，主语 launch 与 bring 是主动关系，用bringing。 3.was replaced 解析：考查谓语：时态 + 被动语态。全文讲述过去发生的航天事件，用一般过去时；玻璃是 “被更换”，主语 glass 为不可数名词，谓语用单数 was replaced。 固定搭配：be replaced with 用…… 替换…… 4.to resist 解析：考查不定式作后置定语。固定结构 the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力，不定式作后置定语修饰 ability。 5.roughly 解析：考查副词。括号给出形容词 rough，此处修饰数字 50 kilograms，需变为副词 roughly，意为 “大约，大概”。 6.more accurate 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词 operation 需要形容词 accurate；本段对比新旧飞船设备，暗含升级后操作 “更加精准”，用比较级 more accurate。 7.seen 解析：考查过去分词作后置定语。radial docking（径向对接）和 see 是被动关系，含义 “被看作难度最高的对接方式”，用 seen。 8.a 解析：考查冠词。可数名词单数 project 前需冠词；landmark 辅音音素开头，填不定冠词 a，表 “一项标志性项目”。 9.laying 解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。在轨水稻实验采集数据，同时为月球、火星粮食种植奠定基础，主语 data 与 lay 是主动关系，用 laying。 10.which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。先行词 perovskite solar cells 指物，从句缺少主语，逗号隔开不用 that，只能用 which。 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国航天很感兴趣，来信询问神舟二十三号飞船的新技术与太空水稻实验。请你给他回信，介绍本次任务的两大亮点：飞船硬件升级、太空水稻培育，并邀请他以后一同观看航天直播。 要求: 1.词数80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：spaceship hardware upgrade, rice cultivation experiment Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Tom, How is everything going? I’m glad you’re curious about China’s latest space mission Shenzhou-23, and I’m writing to share its amazing new upgrades and scientific experiments with you. The craft has safer triple-layer anti-ablation windows and retractable carbon fiber control sticks for precise operation. It also finished China’s first 3.5-hour fast radial docking with Tiangong Station.Its landmark tasks include the world’s first two generations of rice cultivation in orbit, which lays groundwork for lunar farming. Scientists are also testing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells for deep-space energy use. I really hope we can watch future space launches online together if you are free. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 一、阅读理解 A · （2026·四川广元·模拟） According to NASA and the European Space Agency, this winter should be a perfect time to see northern lights. Here we suggest where to see them in style. Deplar Farm, Iceland Isolated in the ice valleys of the Troll peninsula in northern Iceland, Deplar Farm has uninterrupted views of the aurora borealis (极光). The 13-room lodge offers activities such as winter heli-skiing, mountain biking and horse riding in the snow. Nordic-style suites look out over a lake and mountain from which to hike and view the green skies. Doubles from £ 960 a night Sheldon Chalet, Alaska, USA The only things around this Alaskan hideaway are razor-sharp mountainous peaks, hanging glaciers and ice falls. With no roads, there is no easy way to get there other than by private helicopter from Talkeetna or Anchorage. The retreat, with its five Nordic-style rooms, includes an open-plan living area and observation deck for aurora viewing. All-inclusive for ten from £ 24,200 a night Blachford Lake Lodge, Canada Blachford Lake Lodge can be reached only by its own float plane, which leaves Yellowknife, three times a week. The interiors are rough and wooden, with expansive windows for prime aurora viewing. During the day guests can head out on cross-country hikes, go snowshoeing and ice fishing or settle down around a bonfire. Doubles from £ 2,460, minimum three-night stay Manshausen, Norway On a private island in the Arctic Circle, Manshausen encourages guests to disconnect in the wilderness. The lodge’s remoteness allows for some adventures, from ice diving and sea eagle-spotting to challenging hikes along the rough Nordskot range. All cabins have beds with views of the bay — as does the hot tub. Doubles from £ 2050, minimum two-night stay on weekends 1．What can visitors do at Manshausen? A．Ice fishing. B．Horse riding. C．Sea eagle watching. D．Winter heli-skiing. 2．For a one-night stay, which lodge is available to a couple? A．Deplar Farm. B．Manshausen. C．Blachford Lake Lodge. D．Sheldon Chalet. 3．What do Sheldon Chalet and Blachford Lake Lodge have in common? A．They can only be reached by air. B．They both offer Nordic-style rooms. C．They require a minimum three-night stay. D．They are both located in the Arctic Circle. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个适合观赏北极光的风格独特的住宿地相关信息。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据Manshausen, Norway部分“On a private island in the Arctic Circle, Manshausen encourages guests to disconnect in the wilderness. The lodge’s remoteness allows for some adventures, from ice diving and sea eagle-spotting to challenging hikes along the rough Nordskot range. (在北极圈的一个私人岛屿上，Manshausen鼓励客人在荒野中与世隔绝。小屋的偏远位置允许进行一些冒险活动，从冰潜和观赏海鹰到沿着崎岖的Nordskot山脉进行具有挑战性的徒步旅行。)”可知，游客在Manshausen可以观看海鹰。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Deplar Farm, Iceland部分“Doubles from £ 960 a night (双人房每晚960英镑起)”可知，对于一对夫妇来说，如果只住一晚，可以选择Deplar Farm。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据Sheldon Chalet, Alaska, USA部分“With no roads, there is no easy way to get there other than by private helicopter from Talkeetna or Anchorage. (这里没有公路，除了从塔尔基特纳或安克雷奇乘坐私人直升机外，没有其他便捷的方式到达那里。)”以及Blachford Lake Lodge, Canada部分“Blachford Lake Lodge can be reached only by its own float plane, which leaves Yellowknife, three times a week. (Blachford Lake Lodge只能乘坐它自己的水上飞机到达，该飞机每周从耶洛奈夫起飞三次。)”可知，Sheldon Chalet和Blachford Lake Lodge的共同点是都只能乘飞机到达。故选A项。 B （26高三·安徽阜阳·阶段检测） In a leap forward for astronomy, 18-year-old Matte o Paz has developed an AI algorithm (算法) that discovered over one million celestial (太空的) objects by analyzing understudied NASA data. His breakthrough, detailed in The Astronomical Journal, recently earned him the $ 250,000 first-place prize in the 2025 Regeneron Science Talent Search, the nation’s most established science competition for high school seniors. Matteo’s journey began in 2022 at the Planet Finder Academy at Caltech. Under the guidance of astronomer Davy Kirkpatrick, he was introduced to a massive dataset from the retired NEOWISE telescope. While the telescope was designed to find asteroids (小行星), it also captured the shifting heat of “variable objects” — rare phenomena like exploding stars. Kirkpatrick had long hoped to explore this raw data for such hard-to-find targets. “Prior to Matteo’s work, no one had tried to use the entire 200-billion-row table to identify and classify all of the significant variability,” Kirkpatrick noted. Rather than sorting through the data by hand, Matteo built an AI model to detect tiny infrared (红外线的) radiation changes. His model ultimately flagged 1.5 million potential new objects, including supernovas and black holes, creating a catalog now known as VarWISE. The young scientist’s achievement has left the professional community in awe. “The variable candidates that he’s uncovered will be widely studied,” says Amy Mainzer, NEOWISE’s principal investigator. Despite the recognition, Matte o remains humble about his victory in the talent search. “Not only placing in the top ten, but winning first place, came as an intense surprise,” he told reporters. “It still hasn’t fully sunk in.” Looking ahead, Matteo believes his AI model could be applied to other time-based formats, such as analyzing stock markets or tracking atmospheric pollution. As Matteo continues his research, he joins a bright generation of teenage scientists tackling everything from the human genome to environmental crises. 4．What earned Matte o the top prize in the competition? A．Revolutionizing data analysis and celestial discovery. B．Managing a massive dataset from retired telescopes. C．Participating in a program at a well-known academy. D．Publishing a research paper in a professional journal. 5．What can be inferred about the NEOWISE dataset before Matteo? A．Its full potential remained largely untapped. B．Its primary purpose was to track asteroids. C．It was considered outdated by scientists. D．It was too massive for AI to analyze. 6．How did Matte o most likely feel about winning the first-place prize? A．Relieved. B．Encouraged. C．Astonished. D．Amused. 7．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Variable Objects in Space: The Next Frontier for AI B．Teen’s AI Model Unlocks Hidden Treasures in NASA Data C．A Record-Breaking Discovery in Modern Astronomy Is Made D．The NEOWISE Telescope: A New Tool for Young Scientists 【答案】4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 【导语】本文讲述十八岁少年利用人工智能算法分析美国航空航天局数据，发现大量太空天体，并斩获顶级科学大赛头奖。 【详解】 4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a leap forward for astronomy, 18-year-old Matteo Paz has developed an AI algorithm (算法) that discovered over one million celestial (太空的) objects by analyzing understudied NASA data. His breakthrough, detailed in The Astronomical Journal, recently earned him the $250,000 first-place prize in the 2025 Regeneron Science Talent Search.(在天文学领域的一次飞跃中，18岁的马泰奥·帕兹研发了一种人工智能算法，通过分析未被充分研究的美国航空航天局数据，发现了超过一百万个太空天体。他的这一突破性成果为他赢得了2025年再生元科学天才奖一等奖，奖金25万美元)”可知，他革新了数据分析方式、实现重大太空发现，因此拿下比赛头奖。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Prior to Matteo’s work, no one had tried to use the entire 200-billion-row table to identify and classify all of the significant variability.(在马泰奥开展这项工作之前，没有人尝试过使用这份拥有两千亿行数据的完整表格来识别并分类所有重要的变化天体)”可知，在马泰奥之前，这套数据集的全部潜力基本没有被开发出来。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Not only placing in the top ten, but winning first place, came as an intense surprise.(不仅进入前十，还拿下第一名，这让我非常意外)”可知，马泰奥对于获得一等奖感到十分惊讶。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，并基于第一小题的分析可知，文章核心讲述少年凭借人工智能模型挖掘美国航空航天局尘封数据，发现大量未知太空天体，取得重大科研突破。B选项“少年人工智能模型解锁美国航空航天局数据中的隐藏天文宝藏”精准概括全文核心人物、技术与核心成就，可作为最佳标题。 C （2026·云南昆明·模拟预测） Astronomers have just spotted one of the biggest spinning structures ever seen. A string of 14 galaxies spanning 5.5 million light-years is rotating (旋转) together, located inside a spinning chunk of the cosmic web (宇宙网). Such a consistent direction of spin is unexpected and could complicate major upcoming surveys. Scientists found the structure in data from the MeerKAT radio telescope. Later, they saw that members on one end of the string were moving toward us, while those on the other end were moving away. They also found that outside its central line, the main part races around at some 250,000 mph (400,000 km/h). The galaxies are full of neutral hydrogen, the raw material for star formation. Because hydrogen is easily disturbed, it acts like a sign, revealing the flow of gas and momentum (动量). That makes this structure a live demo of how galaxies grow, acquiring material and spinning up over time. What surprised the team is that most of the galaxies are also turning around their own center in the same direction as the whole structure is spinning. Astronomers generally think galaxies rotate randomly. But in this case, “We believe this is caused by the gravitational interaction between the galaxies and the structure,” says Madalina Tudorache, the leading researcher. More specifically, the structure is passing its spin on to the galaxies through “a transfer of angular momentum (角动量).” This provides important clues to how a galaxy’s environment affects its formation and evolution. Giant spinning structures such as this could throw a wrench into current and future cosmological surveys. Present projects study the universe by exploiting the fact that light from cosmic objects is bent to Earth by the gravity of matter it passes, which can make galaxies appear to be lined up. But if galaxies are actually lined up, it could produce a false signal, making our maps incorrect. “This structure breaks our assumption that all galaxies are randomly oriented,” says Naomi Robertson, a research associate at the University of Edinburgh, adding that such observations help astronomers test data analysis methods and explore the cosmic web more fully by combining multiple datasets. 8．What do we know about the newly discovered structure? A．It is the largest spinning structure ever found. B．It consists of 14 galaxies moving in random directions. C．Its galaxies spin in the opposite direction of the structure. D．Its galaxies contain neutral hydrogen uncovering gas flow. 9．What can be learned from Tudorache’s words about the discovery? A．It happens by chance and has little scientific significance. B．It results from the structure transferring its spin to the galaxies. C．It proves that galaxies always spin in the same direction. D．It challenges all existing theories about galaxy formation. 10．What does the underlined phrase “throw a wrench into” in the last paragraph mean? A．Completely destroy. B．Cause problems for. C．Slightly enhance. D．Provide support for. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How do Galaxies Get Their Spin? B．Will Lined-up Galaxies Ruin Space Surveys? C．Giant Spinning Galaxies Found in Cosmic Web D．Studying Galaxies Through the Cosmic Web 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．B 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家在宇宙网中发现了一个由14个星系组成的巨大旋转结构，其成员星系与整体结构同向旋转，这一发现挑战了传统认知，并为星系演化研究提供了新线索。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“The galaxies are full of neutral hydrogen, the raw material for star formation. Because hydrogen is easily disturbed, it acts like a sign, revealing the flow of gas and momentum (动量). That makes this structure a live demo of how galaxies grow, acquiring material and spinning up over time.(这些星系中充满了中性氢，这是恒星形成的原始物质。由于氢极易受到干扰，它就像一个信号，揭示了气体的流动和动量情况。这使得这种结构成为星系如何成长的生动演示，即它们会吸收物质并随着时间的推移而加速旋转)”可知，这个新发现的结构星系中存在未结合的氢元素，这些氢元素形成了气体流。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“More specifically, the structure is passing its spin on to the galaxies through “a transfer of angular momentum (角动量).”(更具体地说，这种结构通过“角动量的转移”将自身的旋转运动传递给了星系)”可知，这一发现是由于星系结构将自身的旋转传递给了星系。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Present projects study the universe by exploiting the fact that light from cosmic objects is bent to Earth by the gravity of matter it passes, which can make galaxies appear to be lined up. But if galaxies are actually lined up, it could produce a false signal, making our maps incorrect.(当前的项目通过利用这样一个事实来研究宇宙：来自宇宙天体的光线在经过物质时会因物质的引力而发生弯曲，从而能够使星系看起来排列整齐。但如果星系实际上是排列整齐的，这可能会产生错误的信号，导致我们的地图出现偏差)”可知，这种结构可能使星系看起来排列成行，干扰观测数据，产生错误信号，因此是“给调查带来问题”。“throw a wrench into”是习语，意为“造成阻碍、带来麻烦”。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Astronomers have just spotted one of the biggest spinning structures ever seen. A string of 14 galaxies spanning 5.5 million light-years is rotating (旋转) together, located inside a spinning chunk of the cosmic web (宇宙网). Such a consistent direction of spin is unexpected and could complicate major upcoming surveys.(天文学家刚刚发现了迄今为止所观测到的最大规模旋转结构之一。由14个星系组成的星系链绵延550万光年，它们共同旋转着，位于一个旋转的宇宙网块内部。这种一致的旋转方向出乎意料，可能会给即将进行的重大观测带来复杂性)”结合文章主要说明了科学家在宇宙网中发现了一个由14个星系组成的巨大旋转结构，其成员星系与整体结构同向旋转，这一发现挑战了传统认知，并为星系演化研究提供了新线索。可知，C选项“在宇宙网中发现巨大旋转星系”最符合文章标题。故选C。 二、七选五 （原创题） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The China-Europe joint SMILE satellite has successfully entered its planned orbit, marking a new breakthrough in solar-terrestrial space research. As a key mission of China’s space science program, it carries out the world’s first soft X-ray panoramic（全景的） imaging of Earth’s magnetic field, filling an important gap in China’s space exploration. 1. ________ Space science is a key symbol of a country’s scientific and technological strength. In the past, China relied heavily on foreign public space data due to the lack of self-developed advanced satellites, greatly limiting frontier space research. 2. ________ Major models include the dark matter detection satellite DAMPE, the world’s first quantum satellite Micius and the solar observation satellite ASO-S, achieving fruitful original research results in multiple fields. With deep-space exploration advancing rapidly, single-satellite observation has shown obvious shortcomings, such as limited coverage and discontinuous data. 3. ________ To solve these problems, China has adopted a new exploration model combining satellite groups and space-ground monitoring systems. Working with ASO-S and ground-based monitoring networks, SMILE forms a complete system to monitor the solar-terrestrial environment, offering solid support for spacecraft operation, communication and navigation. 4. ________ Currently, China has realized full independent research and development in core space technologies, achieving technological self-reliance. Meanwhile, it sticks to open international cooperation. Through projects like SMILE, China shares data and develops space platforms with global partners. Released in 2024, China’s long-term space science roadmap outlines a clear three-step development plan. From single-satellite attempts to systematic constellation exploration, China’s space science industry is growing increasingly mature. 5. ________ Future satellite groups will further strengthen independent innovation, boost deep-space research and help build China into a major space and technological power. A. It also shows China’s shift from single technical breakthroughs to systematic satellite exploration. B. Such drawbacks make it hard to record complex space dynamic processes accurately. C. China has made steady progress in basic science and engineering in recent years. D. Since 2011, China has launched a series of independent space science satellites. E. China has also built the world’s first three-satellite lunar orbit constellation for deep-space research. F. International cooperation plays a vital role in global scientific and technological development. G. This strategic plan lays a solid foundation for the long-term growth of China’s space industry. 【答案详解】 1．A　2．D　3．B　4．E　5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以中欧合作的SMILE卫星为切入点，介绍了中国空间科学从依赖国外数据、单一卫星突破，逐步发展到自主创新、卫星组网系统化探测的发展历程与重大成就。 1．A　前文介绍了中欧联合SMILE卫星成功入轨，实现全球首例软X射线全景成像，填补了中国日地探测领域的空白。A项“It also shows China’s shift from single technical breakthroughs to systematic satellite exploration.”进一步阐述该卫星任务的深层意义，承接上文的重大突破，语义连贯顺畅。故选A。 2．D　前文讲述过去中国空间科研受制于自研卫星短缺，依赖国外公开数据。后文列举了DAMPE、墨子号、ASO-S等一系列自研科学卫星成果。D项“Since 2011, China has launched a series of independent space science satellites.”起到承上启下的作用，引出后文的卫星成果举例。故选D。 3．B　前文指出单星探测存在探测范围有限、数据不连续等明显缺陷。B项“Such drawbacks make it hard to record complex space dynamic processes accurately.”具体说明这些缺陷带来的科研局限，顺势衔接后文中国推出新型组网探测模式的应对举措。故选B。 4．E　前文介绍SMILE卫星联合地面监测网络形成完整的日地空间监测体系，为航天活动提供支撑。E项“China has also built the world’s first three-satellite lunar orbit constellation for deep-space research.”补充介绍中国深空探测的另一重大成果，丰富段落内容，贴合段落航天成就主题。故选E。 5．G　前文提到2024年中国发布空间科学中长期发展路线图，规划三步发展战略，中国空间科学体系日趋成熟。G项“This strategic plan lays a solid foundation for the long-term growth of China’s space industry.”点明该战略规划的重要价值，总结前文并呼应文末航天事业长远发展的主题。故选G。 三、语法填空 （2026高三·安徽马鞍山·专题练习） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Jessica Watkins was seven years old, she told her parents she wanted to become an astronaut. They smiled, 1 (encourage) by her determination, but thought it was just a child’s dream. Twenty years later, Watkins proved them wrong. Growing up in a small town, she had limited access 2 science museums or space camps. Yet she never gave up. Every night, she would study under the dim light, 3 (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings. Her hard work paid off. She earned a scholarship to a top university, 4 she studied geology. After graduation, she applied to NASA’s astronaut program — twice. The first time, she was turned 5 . But she didn’t let failure define her. She gained more experience, earned a doctorate, and applied again. In 2026, Watkins finally received 6 call she had been waiting for. She was selected as one of twelve 7 (candidate) for the Mars mission training program. When asked about her journey, she said, “Success is not about never 8 (fall). It’s about getting up one more time than you fall.” Her story 9 (share) widely on social media, inspiring millions of young people. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the 10 (far) dreams can become reality. 【答案】 1．encouraged 2．to 3．completing 4．where 5．down 6．the 7．candidates 8．falling 9．was shared 10．farthest/furthest 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述杰西卡·沃特金斯坚持梦想、不懈努力最终入选火星任务训练计划的励志故事。 【详解】 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们笑了，被她的决心所鼓舞，但认为这只是孩子的梦想。此处为非谓语动词作状语，They与encourage为被动关系，所以用过去分词encouraged。故填encouraged。 2．考查介词。句意：她在小镇长大，很少有机会接触科学博物馆或太空夏令营。此处为固定搭配access to，意为“使用……的机会、接触……的权利”，所以用介词to。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天晚上，她都会在昏暗的灯光下学习，先完成作业再帮助弟弟妹妹。此处为非谓语动词作状语，和主语she是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填completing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：她获得了顶尖大学的奖学金，在那里攻读地质学专业。此处引导定语从句，先行词a top university表示地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。 5．考查副词。句意：第一次申请，她被拒绝了。此处为固定搭配turn down，意为“拒绝”符合句意，所以用副词down。故填down。 6．考查冠词。句意：2026年，沃特金斯终于接到了她一直等待的那个电话。此处特指她期盼已久的电话，用定冠词the。故填the。 7．考查名词复数。句意：她入选为火星任务训练计划的十二名候选人之一。此处被twelve修饰，应用可数名词复数形式，所以用candidates。故填candidates。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：成功不在于永不跌倒，而在于跌倒后能再站起来一次。此处位于介词about之后，用动名词形式falling。故填falling。 9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：她的故事在社交媒体上被广泛分享，激励了数百万年轻人。此处为谓语动词，share与主语her story之间为被动关系，结合句意，此处描述过去的动作，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Her story是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was shared。故填was shared。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，她有力地提醒人们，只要坚持不懈，再遥远的梦想也能成真。此处表示“最遥远的”，应用最高级，所以用far的最高级farthest/furthest。故填farthest/furthest。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $