Unit7 The Natural World Reading-知识点清单2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit7“The Natural World”主题的Reading知识体系。从通用生态基础词汇及三大核心生态系统专属名词出发，明确核心句型（环保作文万能句），进而掌握比喻句型、百分比表达等语法考点，最终形成写作模板与环保作文拓展素材的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-句型-语法-写作”逻辑递进，通过易混词辨析提升语言精准表达能力，结合环保主题素材培育生态保护的文化意识，写作模板助力思维品质发展。完形填空核心搭配考点强化词汇运用，体现“学用结合”的学科特色学习方法。

Unit7 The Natural World ⭐Reading知识点清单 一、课文核心生词、短语与生态科普词汇 （一）通用生态基础词汇 单词 / 短语 音标 释义 课文固定搭配 ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统 main ecosystems 主要生态系统 living things /ˈlɪvɪŋ θɪŋz/ n.生物 non-living things 非生物（水、空气、土壤等） surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面 earth’s surface 地球表面 oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ n. 氧气 produce oxygen 制造氧气 carbon dioxide /ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ n. 二氧化碳 take in carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 trap harmful things 吸附有害物质 flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水 prevent floods 防洪 sponge /spʌndʒ/ n. 海绵 act like huge sponges 像巨大海绵 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 keep the balance 维持平衡 role /rəʊl/ n. 作用，角色 play a role 发挥作用；play an important role 起重要作用 store /stɔː(r)/ v. 储存 store water 蓄水；store heat 储存热量 trap /træp/ v. 吸附，留存 trap harmful dust 吸附有害物 get rid of /ɡet rɪd əv/ 去除，净化 get rid of pollution 净化污染物 make up /meɪk ʌp/ 占据（面积、比例） make up a third of land 占陆地三分之一 be home to /bɪ həʊm tə/ 是…… 的栖息地 be home to 40% wildlife 孕育 40% 动植物 plenty of /ˈplenti əv/ 大量的 plenty of salt water 海量咸水 （二）三大核心生态系统专属名词 & 美称 1. Ocean 海洋 — the “heart” of the earth 地球之心 covers 71% of earth’s surface；produce 70% oxygen；water cycle 水循环 2. Wetland 湿地 — the “kidneys” of the earth 地球之肾 covers 6% land；40% plants & animals；clean water；store rainwater to stop floods 3. Forest 森林 — the “lungs” of the earth 地球之肺 nearly 1/3 land area；absorb CO₂；release oxygen；clean air 二、课文分段必背核心句型（环保作文万能句） 1. 生态系统定义总起段 1. An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 生态系统包含一片区域内所有生物与非生物。 2. Ecosystems can be of different sizes, from small ponds to large grasslands. 生态系统规模大小不一，从小池塘到大草原。 3. Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance. 每一类生态系统都各司其职，维持万物平衡。 2. Ocean 海洋段落 1. It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. 海洋覆盖地球 71% 地表，产出全球 70% 氧气。 2. The water rises to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. 海水蒸发升空，降雨落地，最终回流海洋（水循环）。 3. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the “heart” of the earth. 水循环往复不停，海洋如同地球的心脏。 3. Wetlands 湿地段落 1. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth’s land area. But they are home to around 40% of all plants and animals. 湿地仅占陆地 6%，却孕育 40% 的动植物物种。 2. Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. 湿地植物净化水体污染物。 3. During heavy rains, wetlands store water like huge sponges. They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. 暴雨时湿地如同海绵蓄水防洪，被称作地球之肾。 4. Forests 森林段落 1. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林占据近三分之一陆地面积。 2. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. 植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。 3. They trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. 树叶吸附空气中有害杂质，净化空气。 4. Therefore, people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. 因此森林被称作地球之肺。 5. 全文总结句 Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a better place. 三大生态系统孕育无数生命，维持地球健康，让世界更美好。 三、完形填空 C 板块词框核心搭配考点 1. surface：earth’s surface 地表 2. be home to：It is home to many sea creatures 孕育海洋生物 3. oxygen：produce oxygen 制造氧气 4. take in：take in carbon dioxide 吸收二氧化碳 5. store：store heat 储存热量 6. role：play an important role 发挥重要作用 7. get rid of：get rid of plastic pollution 清除塑料污染 8. balance：harm the balance of ecosystem 破坏生态平衡 四、本板块核心语法考点 1. 比喻句型 as /like act like /just like 如同……，说明文高频修辞 2. 百分比表达 cover 71% of… /make up a third of… 占据多少比例 3. 不定式作目的状语 to prevent floods /to clean the air 表功能作用 4. 并列动词结构 take in … and produce …；trap … and help clean … 5. from…to… 范围表达 from small ponds to large grasslands 从小池塘到大草原 6. 主谓一致 each ecosystem /each of these ecosystems 谓语动词用单数 五、三大生态系统写作模板（科普小作文直接套用） 模板 1 Ocean The ocean is the largest ecosystem on Earth. It covers 71% of the surface and produces most of our oxygen. It holds plenty of salt water and forms a water cycle. It is called the heart of the earth. But ocean pollution breaks its balance, so we must protect it. 模板 2 Wetland Wetlands take up only 6% of land but support 40% wildlife. Wetland plants can clean dirty water. They store rainwater to stop floods, just like big sponges. People name them the kidneys of the earth. 模板 3 Forest Forests cover nearly one third of land. Trees take in carbon dioxide and make oxygen. Their leaves trap harmful dust to clean air, so forests are the lungs of our planet. We should stop cutting down trees. 六、易混词辨析 1. take in / produce take in 吸收（二氧化碳）；produce 产出（氧气） 2. store / trap store 储存（水、热量）；trap 吸附、截留（灰尘、有害物质） 3. living / non-living living things 动植物生物；non-living 水、空气、土壤等无生命物质 4. make up / cover make up + 比例：占据（面积份额）；cover + 区域：覆盖某地 5. balance / role balance n. 平衡；role n. 作用、功能 七、环保作文拓展加分素材 高频加分短语 1. slow down climate change 减缓气候变化 2. millions of tons of plastic 数百万吨塑料 3. break the balance of nature 打破自然平衡 4. take action to protect ecosystems 采取行动保护生态 5. reduce pollution 减少污染 主题升华金句（作文结尾通用） 1. Oceans, wetlands and forests are three key ecosystems that keep all life on Earth alive. 海洋、湿地、森林是维系地球所有生命的三大核心生态系统。 2. If we destroy any ecosystem, the whole natural balance will be broken. 破坏任意一类生态系统，都会打破整体自然平衡。 3. Protecting the earth’s heart, kidneys and lungs is protecting ourselves. 守护地球的心、肾、肺，就是守护人类自身。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $