衔接点13 定语从句之关系副词用法（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点13 定语从句之关系副词用法 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，简单识别基本的关系副词用法，when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。（中考不做重点考查） 高中阶段的学习要求学生能够灵活运用这些关系副词，并在更复杂的语境中准确表达意思。在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词+关系代词互相转换。（高考重点考查） 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，引导定语从句。 This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，引导定语从句。 I will never forget the day when we graduated.（我永远不会忘记我们毕业的那一天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，引导定语从句。 The reason why he was late is unclear.（他迟到的原因尚不清楚。） 1．He didn’t tell the teacher the reason ________ he was late for class. A．that B．which C．why D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有告诉老师他上课迟到的原因。 考查定语从句。that关系代词，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；why关系副词，先行词为the reason，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“the reason”为先行词且从句成分完整可知，此处的定语从句需要用关系副词why连接。故选C。 2．—What do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival? —It’s a festival _______ people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon. A．which B．when C．where D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你对中秋节了解多少？——这是一个人们通常吃月饼和赏月的节日。 考查定语从句。根据“It’s a festival…people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是festival，表示时间概念，从句中缺时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B。 3．I felt very happy to get a one-month break from work last year ________ I could travel with my family to Paris. A．where B．that C．which D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年我很高兴能有一个月的休假，那时我可以和家人去巴黎旅行。 考查定语从句的关系词辨析。where哪里；that那个；which哪个；when当……时。先行词“a one-month break”表示一段时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选D。 4．I often think of the days ________ I had happy moments in my primary school. A．what B．when C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我经常想起我在小学时度过快乐时光的那些日子。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。what不能引导定语从句；when引导定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词 (如 day, time, year 等)，在从句中作时间状语；that引导定语从句，可在从句中作主语或宾语，修饰人或物；which引导定语从句，修饰物或整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“the days…I had happy moments in my primary school.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是“days”，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导，表示“在那些日子里”。故选B。 5．This is the factory ________ my father worked ten years ago. A．where B．when C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这就是我父亲十年前工作过的工厂。 where是关系副词，在定语从句中充当地点状语；when是关系副词，在定语从句中充当时间状语；that是关系代词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等成分；which是关系代词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。 本句中先行词是表示地点的the factory，定语从句my father worked ten years ago结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，只需要地点状语，只有where符合要求。 6．This is the park ________ we fly kites every spring. A．when B．where C．why D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这就是我们每年春天放风筝的公园。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。when当……时，表时间；where在……地方，表地点；why为什么，表原因；that可指代人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。先行词“the park”表示地点，且从句“we fly kites every spring”主谓宾完整，缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选B。 7．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。 why为什么；where在哪里；when什么时候。先行词是reason，定语从句中缺少原因状语，用why引导定语从句。应填why。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 定语从句关系副词（高中考点聚焦） 1. 基础引导词 when, where, why； 2. 掌握核心转换公式：关系副词 = 介词 + which（when=in/on which、where=in/at which、why=for which），可灵活互换改写句子； 3. 分清判断逻辑：从句缺主语 / 宾语用关系代词，缺时间 / 地点 / 原因状语用关系副词； 4. 高频难点：先行词为 situation, case, point, stage 等抽象名词时，用 where 作抽象地点状语； 5. 区分先行词为 time 时，表 “次数 / 时间段” 选用 when 或 that 的差异。 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，相当于 "in which" 或 "at which"。 This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.（这是我们看到了那幅名画的博物馆。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，相当于 "at which" 或 "on which"。 I remember the summer when we first moved to this city.（我记得我们第一次搬到这个城市的那个夏天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，相当于 "for which"。 The reason why he was absent is that he was sick.（他缺席的原因是生病了。） · 关系副词与介词的组合：在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词结合使用。 The house in which we live is very old.（我们住的那所房子非常古老。） 考点清单 一、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 二、关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 一、单句语法填空 1．Do you know the reason he is so angry with me? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】句意：你知道他对我如此生气的原因吗？定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故用why引导。 2．I’ll never forget the days I first met my best friend Amy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我永远忘不了我第一次遇见我最好的朋友艾米的那些日子。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the days，指代时间，且从句缺少时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 3．This is the place I lost my English notebook. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：这就是我丢失英语笔记本的地方。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词place，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句。 4．Festivals are special occasions we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：节日是特殊的时刻，在这些时刻我们学会领会生活的真正意义。先行词为occasions（时刻），在定语从句we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 5．She found herself in a position she was so puzzled about how to make the most proper choice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她发现自己处于这样一种境地：对于如何做出最恰当的选择，她感到十分困惑。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词position是抽象地点，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 6．We have reached a critical point we must make a decision immediately. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：我们已经到了必须立刻做出决定的关键阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为抽象地点名词point，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。 7．In the era of social media, the precise moment a viral trend peaks and begins to fade is incredibly difficult to identify. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在社交媒体时代，一个迅速走红的潮流达到顶峰并开始消退的确切时刻很难确定。此处先行词为定语从句，先行词moment表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 8．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该团队的研究已到了关键时刻，在这个阶段，一项实验就能决定他们最终的成败。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a critical point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 9．The reason he was late was that his alarm clock didn’t go off in the morning. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他迟到的原因是早上他的闹钟没响。先行词是the reason，在定语从句he was late中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。 10．Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers, for night is the time their bodies grow faster. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：睡眠问题对青少年来说尤其危险，因为夜晚是他们身体生长得更快的时段。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the time，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 11．The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：呼吸频率的减慢有助于青蛙在食物难以寻觅的漫长冬季节省能量。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“long winters”，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when。故填when。 12．It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把孩子们放在一个可以让他们从不同的角度审视自己的环境中，对他们是很有帮助的。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是situation，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 二、完成句子 1．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。 There football is my favorite sport. 【答案】There are many reasons why 【详解】考查there be句型和定语从句。“有”使用there be句型，“很多”使用形容词many作定语，“原因”使用名词复数reasons，作主语，“足球是我最喜欢的运动的”译为一个定语从句，修饰reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are，故填There are many reasons why。 2．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 【答案】when your dream comes true 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“你梦想成真的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the moment，表示“你的梦想”应为your dream作定语从句的主语，表示“成真”应为come true，根据句意可知，该句描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为名词单数，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为comes true，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the moment表时间，所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when your dream comes true。 3．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 【答案】where she’s likely to lose her life 【详解】考查定语从句。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“有可能丢掉性命”，表示“她”应用she；表示“有可能做某事”应用固定搭配be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为she，be动词用is；表示“丢掉性命”应用lose her life，此处lose使用动词原形；表示“有可能丢掉性命”应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。故填where she’s likely to lose her life。 4．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 【答案】to whom 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”，空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作to的宾语，需用关系代词whom，引导。故填to whom。 5．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用关系代词which。故填on which。 一、语篇填空（ 定语从句之关系副词用法专练） I still remember the day 1.________ we first met in the school library. The library 2.________ we read books quietly offers us lots of useful materials. There is a clear reason 3.________ I love reading so much. Last summer we visited a small town 4.________ many old traditions are well kept. July 15th is the date 5.________ we set off for the trip. The café 6.________ we shared snacks left me a deep impression. I know the exact reason 7.________ this trip becomes my favorite memory. The campus square 8.________ we hold all kinds of activities brings us joy. Sunday is the time 9.________ my friends and I go cycling together. I will never forget the moment 10.________ we cheered for our team’s victory. 一、答案 1. when 2. where 3. why 4. where 5. when 2. where 7. why 8. where 9. when 10. when 二、文章大意 我仍记得我们第一次在学校图书馆相遇的那天。我们安静看书的图书馆为我们提供大量有用资料。我如此热爱阅读是有明确缘由的。 去年夏天我们去了一座小镇，那里诸多古老传统都被完好保留。7 月 15 日是我们动身开启旅途的日子。我们一同分享点心的那家咖啡馆给我留下深刻印象。我清楚这场旅行成为我最珍贵回忆的全部缘由。 我们举办各类活动的校园广场带给我们许多欢乐。周日是我和朋友们一起骑行的时光。我永远不会忘记我们为队伍胜利欢呼的那一刻。 三、逐空详细解析（语法考点 + 句子中文释义） 1. when 语法：关系副词，先行词 the day（表时间），在定语从句中作时间状语，从句完整主谓宾，缺状语用 when。 句意：我仍记得我们第一次在学校图书馆相遇的那天。 2. where 语法：关系副词，先行词 the library（表地点），从句主谓完整，where 在从句中充当地点状语，相当于 in which。 句意：我们安静看书的图书馆为我们提供大量有用资料。 3. why 语法：关系副词，先行词 reason（表原因），固定搭配 the reason why…，why 在从句中作原因状语。 句意：我如此热爱阅读是有明确缘由的。 4. where 语法：关系副词，先行词 a small town（地点），从句结构完整，where 作地点状语，等同于 in which。 句意：去年夏天我们去了一座小镇，那里诸多古老传统都被完好保留。 5. when 语法：关系副词，先行词 the date（时间），从句主谓齐全，when 充当时间状语，相当于 on which。 句意：7 月 15 日是我们动身开启旅途的日子。 6. where 语法：关系副词，先行词 the café（地点），从句不缺主宾，where 作地点状语，等同于 at which。 句意：我们一同分享点心的那家咖啡馆给我留下深刻印象。 7. why 语法：关系副词，先行词 the exact reason（原因），why 引导定语从句解释理由，作原因状语。 句意：我清楚这场旅行成为我最珍贵回忆的全部缘由。 8. where 语法：关系副词，先行词 the campus square（地点），从句成分完整，where 充当地点状语。 句意：我们举办各类活动的校园广场带给我们许多欢乐。 9. when 语法：关系副词，先行词 the time（时间），从句主谓完整，when 作时间状语。 句意：周日是我和朋友们一起骑行的时光。 10. when 语法：关系副词，先行词 the moment（时间类名词），从句不缺主干，when 充当时间状语。 句意：我永远不会忘记我们为队伍胜利欢呼的那一刻。 二、阅读理解 A In the mornings, Monday through Friday, we do our yoga exercises. I started doing yoga exercise about forty years ago. Well, after a decade or so, when Bessie turned eighty, she found that I, in my eighties, looked better than her. So she decided she would start doing yoga, too. So we have been doing our exercises together over since. We follow a yoga exercise program on the TV. Sometimes, Bessie cheats. I’ll be doing an exercise and looking over at her, and she’s just lying there! She’s a naughty old girl. Exercise is very significant. A lot of older people don’t exercise at all. Another thing that is terribly vital is diet. I keep up with the latest news about nutrition. About thirty years ago, Bessie and I started eating much more healthy foods. These days, I do most of cooking, and Bessie does the serving. We eat our big meal of the day at noon. In the evening, we usually have a milkshake for dinner, and then we go upstairs and watch the news on the TV. After that, we say our prayers — we say prayers in the morning and before we go to bed. It takes a long time to pray for everyone, because it is a very big family — we have fifteen nieces and nephews still living, plus all their children and grandchildren. We pray for each one. The ones that Bessie doesn’t approve of get extra prayers. Bessie can be very critical and she holds things against people forever. I always have to say to her, “Everyone has to be themselves, Bessie, Live and let live. ” You know, when you are this old, you don’t know if you are going to wake up in the morning. But I don’t worry about dying, and neither does Bessie. We are at peace. You never know when it is going to happen. That’s why you learn to love each and every day, child. By Sadie 1．What are the two factors that the author considers most important for longevity? A．Workout and eating B．Yoga and prayers. C．Cooking and serving. D．TV and a big family. 2．According to the passage, which of the following about Bessie is true? A．She is a lazy old lady, getting up late every morning. B．She is a good cook and does most of the cooking. C．While she is aged, she is quite naughty. D．Because she always forgives others, she is considerate. 3．We can infer from the passage that both Sadie and Bessie________. A．are worried about death. B．pray for all living beings they know. C．are aged more than 100. D．have 2 milkshakes every day. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Sadie is intelligent and kind with everyone. B．Both Sadie and Bessie enjoy their long lives. C．Bessie is a nice person and she loves her big family. D．Both Sadie and Bessie enjoy their coming death. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过Sadie的自述，讲述了她和Bessie两位老人的日常生活，包括做瑜伽、饮食、祈祷等，展现了她们积极乐观的生活态度和对长寿的看法。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Exercise is very significant. A lot of older people don't exercise at all. Another thing that is terribly vital is diet. (锻炼非常重要。很多老年人根本不锻炼。另一件极其重要的事情是饮食。)”可知，作者认为锻炼和饮食是长寿的两个最重要的因素。A选项“Workout and eating”符合题意，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Sometimes, Bessie cheats. I'll be doing an exercise and looking over at her, and she’s just lying there! She’s a naughty old girl. (有时候，Bessie会作弊。我在做运动，看着她，她却只是躺在那里！她是个调皮的老姑娘。)”可知，Bessie虽然年纪大了，但很调皮。C选项“While she is aged, she is quite naughty.”符合题意，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I started doing yoga exercise about forty years ago. Well, after a decade or so, when Bessie turned eighty, she found that I, in my eighties, looked better than her. (我大约四十年前开始做瑜伽。嗯，大约十年后，当Bessie八十岁的时候，她发现我八十多岁的时候看起来比她好。)”以及后文提到的她们的日常生活和长寿，可以推断出她们都超过了100岁。C选项“are aged more than 100.”符合题意，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Sadie和Bessie两位老人的日常生活，包括做瑜伽、健康饮食、祈祷等，以及她们对长寿的看法和积极乐观的生活态度。B选项“Both Sadie and Bessie enjoy their long lives.(Sadie和Bessie都享受着他们的长寿生活)”概括了文章的主旨，故选B。 B The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. After you enter a prompt, the AI model analyzes your input and generates a response based on the patterns it has learned through its training. More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University. Be specific Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and concise will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. “Act as if…” Asking the AI to behave as if were a type of person, process, or object can be an easy way to start generating better prompts. The AI will attempt to emulate that role and tailor its answers accordingly. For example, imagine you wanted help create a recipe based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen. If you added “act as if you are my personal trainer” first, the AI will consider this context in its response, suggesting a healthy recipe or a meal designed to refuel after a workout. ____________________ Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/that contains…” etc. 5．This passage is found in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be found there? A．Core principles for responsible Gen AI use. B．Restrictions on the usage of Gen AI. C．Various samples of well-structured prompts. D．Guides to writing essays with Gen AI. 6．Which of the following subtitles can be filled in blank? A．Consider tone and audience B．Tell it how you want your output to be presented C．Ask it to create your prompts or what else it needs from you D．Correct mistakes and give feedback 7．Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. Which of the following prompts is the most proper when using Gen AI? A．Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. B．Write an article about the essence of basketball, citing several stories of famous stars. C．Discuss advantages of doing sports, specifically basketball, with reference to literature. D．Make up a story about one’s experience in basketball, showing the importance of sports. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何有效地使用生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具，包括输入提示（prompts）的技巧、注意事项以及如何提高输出质量。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. (你输入到生成式人工智能（Gen AI）工具中的信息、句子或问题（“提示”）会对你收到的输出质量产生很大影响。)”以及第二段“It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University (必须牢记的是，人工智能生成的内容可能不准确、具有误导性、完全是编造的，或者具有攻击性，因此在使用或发布任何包含人工智能内容的作品之前，一定要仔细审查。滥用生成式人工智能是一种严重的学术不端行为，可能会被大学开除。)”可知，大学指南网页上可能会包含负责任使用生成式人工智能的核心原则、对生成式人工智能使用的限制等内容，且根据第三段“Be specific (要具体)”以及下文具体介绍如何输入提示，可推测指南网页上可能会给出结构良好的提示示例，但不会包含使用生成式人工智能撰写论文的指南，因为这可能涉及学术不端行为，且指南更侧重于如何正确使用工具，而非具体内容的创作。故选D项。 6．主旨大意题。根据空格后“Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/that contains…” etc. (生成式人工智能可以产生许多不同类型的输出，包括代码、故事、报告、摘要、对话、商业通信等等。明确你想要的输出类型会产生更好的结果。在描述了你想要的东西之后，试着加上“以……的形式呈现”和你喜欢的输出。或者以“创建一个关于/包含……的[输出格式]”等作为提示的开头。)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何告诉生成式人工智能你希望如何呈现输出结果，B项“Tell it how you want your output to be presented (告诉它你希望如何呈现输出结果)”符合本段主旨，适合作为本段小标题。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. (更具描述性的提示可以提高输出的质量。)”以及Be specific中“Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and concise will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. (添加这种上下文，并做到具体、清晰和简洁，将有助于产生更有用的输出。更具体也可以减少不准确回复的可能性。)”可知，使用生成式人工智能时，输入的提示应该具体、清晰且具有描述性，以提高输出质量。根据题干“Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. (假设你是学校篮球队的队长。你将通过分享你的个人经历来发表一篇关于体育重要性的演讲。)”可知，想要发表一篇关于体育重要性的演讲，并分享个人经历，A项“Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. (写一篇激励人心的篮球队演讲，分享个人经历，倡导运动。)”符合题意，既具体又清晰，且与题干中的需求相匹配。故选A项。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点13 定语从句之关系副词用法 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，简单识别基本的关系副词用法，when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。（中考不做重点考查） 高中阶段的学习要求学生能够灵活运用这些关系副词，并在更复杂的语境中准确表达意思。在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词+关系代词互相转换。（高考重点考查） 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，引导定语从句。 This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，引导定语从句。 I will never forget the day when we graduated.（我永远不会忘记我们毕业的那一天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，引导定语从句。 The reason why he was late is unclear.（他迟到的原因尚不清楚。） 1．He didn’t tell the teacher the reason ________ he was late for class. A．that B．which C．why D．who 2．—What do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival? —It’s a festival _______ people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon. A．which B．when C．where D．that 3．I felt very happy to get a one-month break from work last year ________ I could travel with my family to Paris. A．where B．that C．which D．when 4．I often think of the days ________ I had happy moments in my primary school. A．what B．when C．that D．which 5．This is the factory ________ my father worked ten years ago. A．where B．when C．that D．which 6．This is the park ________ we fly kites every spring. A．when B．where C．why D．that 7．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 定语从句关系副词（高中考点聚焦） 1. 基础引导词 when, where, why； 2. 掌握核心转换公式：关系副词 = 介词 + which（when=in/on which、where=in/at which、why=for which），可灵活互换改写句子； 3. 分清判断逻辑：从句缺主语 / 宾语用关系代词，缺时间 / 地点 / 原因状语用关系副词； 4. 高频难点：先行词为 situation, case, point, stage 等抽象名词时，用 where 作抽象地点状语； 5. 区分先行词为 time 时，表 “次数 / 时间段” 选用 when 或 that 的差异。 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，相当于 "in which" 或 "at which"。 This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.（这是我们看到了那幅名画的博物馆。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，相当于 "at which" 或 "on which"。 I remember the summer when we first moved to this city.（我记得我们第一次搬到这个城市的那个夏天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，相当于 "for which"。 The reason why he was absent is that he was sick.（他缺席的原因是生病了。） · 关系副词与介词的组合：在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词结合使用。 The house in which we live is very old.（我们住的那所房子非常古老。） 考点清单 一、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 二、关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 一、单句语法填空 1．Do you know the reason he is so angry with me? (用适当的词填空) 2．I’ll never forget the days I first met my best friend Amy. (用适当的词填空) 3．This is the place I lost my English notebook. (用适当的词填空) 4．Festivals are special occasions we learn to appreciate the true meaning of life. (用适当的词填空) 5．She found herself in a position she was so puzzled about how to make the most proper choice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．We have reached a critical point we must make a decision immediately. (用适当的词填空) 7．In the era of social media, the precise moment a viral trend peaks and begins to fade is incredibly difficult to identify. (用适当的词填空) 8．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 9．The reason he was late was that his alarm clock didn’t go off in the morning. （用适当的词填空） 10．Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers, for night is the time their bodies grow faster. (用适当的词填空) 11．The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 12．It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。 There football is my favorite sport. 2．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 3．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 4．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 5．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 一、语篇填空（ 定语从句之关系副词用法专练） I still remember the day 1.________ we first met in the school library. The library 2.________ we read books quietly offers us lots of useful materials. There is a clear reason 3.________ I love reading so much. Last summer we visited a small town 4.________ many old traditions are well kept. July 15th is the date 5.________ we set off for the trip. The café 6.________ we shared snacks left me a deep impression. I know the exact reason 7.________ this trip becomes my favorite memory. The campus square 8.________ we hold all kinds of activities brings us joy. Sunday is the time 9.________ my friends and I go cycling together. I will never forget the moment 10.________ we cheered for our team’s victory. 二、阅读理解 A In the mornings, Monday through Friday, we do our yoga exercises. I started doing yoga exercise about forty years ago. Well, after a decade or so, when Bessie turned eighty, she found that I, in my eighties, looked better than her. So she decided she would start doing yoga, too. So we have been doing our exercises together over since. We follow a yoga exercise program on the TV. Sometimes, Bessie cheats. I’ll be doing an exercise and looking over at her, and she’s just lying there! She’s a naughty old girl. Exercise is very significant. A lot of older people don’t exercise at all. Another thing that is terribly vital is diet. I keep up with the latest news about nutrition. About thirty years ago, Bessie and I started eating much more healthy foods. These days, I do most of cooking, and Bessie does the serving. We eat our big meal of the day at noon. In the evening, we usually have a milkshake for dinner, and then we go upstairs and watch the news on the TV. After that, we say our prayers — we say prayers in the morning and before we go to bed. It takes a long time to pray for everyone, because it is a very big family — we have fifteen nieces and nephews still living, plus all their children and grandchildren. We pray for each one. The ones that Bessie doesn’t approve of get extra prayers. Bessie can be very critical and she holds things against people forever. I always have to say to her, “Everyone has to be themselves, Bessie, Live and let live. ” You know, when you are this old, you don’t know if you are going to wake up in the morning. But I don’t worry about dying, and neither does Bessie. We are at peace. You never know when it is going to happen. That’s why you learn to love each and every day, child. By Sadie 1．What are the two factors that the author considers most important for longevity? A．Workout and eating B．Yoga and prayers. C．Cooking and serving. D．TV and a big family. 2．According to the passage, which of the following about Bessie is true? A．She is a lazy old lady, getting up late every morning. B．She is a good cook and does most of the cooking. C．While she is aged, she is quite naughty. D．Because she always forgives others, she is considerate. 3．We can infer from the passage that both Sadie and Bessie________. A．are worried about death. B．pray for all living beings they know. C．are aged more than 100. D．have 2 milkshakes every day. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Sadie is intelligent and kind with everyone. B．Both Sadie and Bessie enjoy their long lives. C．Bessie is a nice person and she loves her big family. D．Both Sadie and Bessie enjoy their coming death. B The information, sentences, or questions that you enter into a Generative AI (Gen AI) tool (“prompts”) are a big influence on the quality of outputs you receive. After you enter a prompt, the AI model analyzes your input and generates a response based on the patterns it has learned through its training. More descriptive prompts can improve the quality of the outputs. It’s very important to keep in mind that AI-generated content can be inaccurate, misleading, entirely fabricated, or offensive, so be sure to carefully review any work containing AI content before you use or publish it. Abuse of Gen AI is a serious form of academic misconduct and can be punished by expulsion (开除) from the University. Be specific Generic prompts like “Write a story” will produce generic results. What kind of story do you want? What genre? Is it for adults or children? Adding this type of context and being specific, clear, and concise will help generate more useful outputs. More specificity can also limit the chances of inaccurate responses. “Act as if…” Asking the AI to behave as if were a type of person, process, or object can be an easy way to start generating better prompts. The AI will attempt to emulate that role and tailor its answers accordingly. For example, imagine you wanted help create a recipe based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen. If you added “act as if you are my personal trainer” first, the AI will consider this context in its response, suggesting a healthy recipe or a meal designed to refuel after a workout. ____________________ Generative AI can produce many different types of outputs, including code, stories, reports, summaries, dialogue, business communications, and much more. Being specific about the type of output you want will produce better results. After describing what you want, try adding “Present this in the form of…” and your preferred output. Or start your prompt with, “Create a [format of output] about/that contains…” etc. 5．This passage is found in a university’s guideline webpage. What may NOT be found there? A．Core principles for responsible Gen AI use. B．Restrictions on the usage of Gen AI. C．Various samples of well-structured prompts. D．Guides to writing essays with Gen AI. 6．Which of the following subtitles can be filled in blank? A．Consider tone and audience B．Tell it how you want your output to be presented C．Ask it to create your prompts or what else it needs from you D．Correct mistakes and give feedback 7．Suppose you’re the leader of the school basketball team. You are going to deliver a speech about the importance of sports through sharing your personal experience. Which of the following prompts is the most proper when using Gen AI? A．Compose a motivational basketball team speech sharing personal journey and advocating exercise. B．Write an article about the essence of basketball, citing several stories of famous stars. C．Discuss advantages of doing sports, specifically basketball, with reference to literature. D．Make up a story about one’s experience in basketball, showing the importance of sports. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $