Unit1语法(现在完成时&一般过去式)讲解与练习2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“世界变迁、家乡新旧对比”主题，以“定义-结构-用法-对比”框架系统构建现在完成时与一般过去时知识体系，通过时态对比表、瞬间动词延续性替换表等工具梳理核心用法、标志词及易错点，清晰呈现语法重难点的内在逻辑，助力学生夯实语言基础，提升语言理解与表达能力。 讲义亮点在于“主题情境化”练习设计，如汉译英“在过去的十年里，我们的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化”，结合单元主题强化语法应用，通过句型改写中“瞬间动词变延续动词”等专项训练培养思维品质。配套详细答案与易错点解析，基础学生可掌握基本规则，优秀学生能深化理解，为教师实施分层教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

Unit1The Changing World语法讲解与练习 现在完成时&一般过去时语法精讲 本单元主题世界变迁、家乡新旧对比，核心语法就是两种时态搭配使用：一般过去时描述过去旧面貌，现在完成时描述到现在为止发生的变化。 第一部分 现在完成时详细讲解 一、基本定义 现在完成时连接过去发生的动作和现在的结果/状态，核心：动作发生在过去，但落脚点是现在，不强调动作发生的具体过去时间。本单元主题是家乡、社会变迁，所以大量用现在完成时描述 “变化带来当下的新生活”。 二、基本结构（必背） 1. 基础公式 主语+have /has +动词过去分词 (done) 主语是第三人称单数（he /she/it /单数人名/单数地点）→ has + done 主语 I /you/we /they/复数名词 → have + done 2. 四种句式变形 （1）肯定句 ① I have lived here for 10 years. ② My hometown has changed greatly. （2）否定句 have /has + not,缩写 haven’t /hasn’t We haven’t seen each other since 2016.The town hasn’t built a new library yet. （3）一般疑问句 Have / Has 提前放句首,其余顺序不变 Have you visited the new hospital?Has the traffic become better? （4）简略回答 —Have they found good jobs?—Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. —Has your grandpa returned home?—Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. 三、动词过去分词变化规则（三类） 1. 规则变化（和过去式大部分一致） *直接加ed：work — worked — worked *以e结尾只加d：live — lived — lived *辅音+ y，变y为i加ed：study — studied — studied *重读闭音节双写尾字母：stop — stopped — stopped 2. 不规则变化（详细参考课本附件） become — became — become take — took — taken see — saw — seen go — went — gone do — did — done build — built — built leave — left — left buy — bought — bought 3. 特殊记忆：原形=过去式=过去分词 cut — cut — cut 切，割 put — put — put 放 read — read — read 读（拼写不变，读音变 /riːd//red//red/） set — set — set 放置；设置 hit — hit — hit 击打；碰撞 hurt — hurt — hurt 伤害；疼痛 let — let — let 让 cost — cost — cost 花费（物作主语） shut — shut — shut 关闭 spread — spread — spread 传播；铺开 四、三大核心用法（中考重中之重,配单元例句） 用法 1：过去动作,对现在产生结果/影响 动作很久以前/不久前完成，不用点明具体时间，重点说现在怎么样。标志词：just, already, yet just 刚刚（放 have/has 后） They have just built a wide road.他们刚修好宽阔马路。（现在出行方便了） already 已经（肯定句，have 后） Life has already become much easier. yet 已经 / 还（否定、疑问句句尾） I haven’t visited the new park yet.Have you finished your report yet? 用法 2：动作从过去开始，持续到现在（可继续持续） 常搭配 for + 时间段 /since +过去时间点 1.for +一段时间（for ten years /for a long time） We have lived in this village for 20 years. 2.since +过去时间点（since 2005 /since I was young） He has worked here since he left school. 关键考点：短暂动词不能和 for/since 连用，必须换成延续性状态词 瞬间动词 ↔ 延续性替换表（单元高频） 瞬间动词（不可接 for/since） 延续表达（可持续状态） leave 离开 be away buy 买 have join 加入 be in / be a member of die 去世 be dead begin/start 开始 be on borrow 借 keep come/go/arrive be in/at + 地点 错误：He has left for 5 years. 正确：He has been away for 5 years. 用法 3：表示人生经历，到目前为止总共多少次 标志词：ever, never, twice, three times, before, so far 1.ever 曾经（疑问句） Have you ever seen such big changes?你曾经见过这么大的变化吗？ 2.never从不（否定含义） I have never traveled by high-speed rail before. 3.次数：once 一次，twice 两次，three times 三次 I have been to the big city twice. 4.so far 到目前为止（单元必考短语 in the past few years 同义） So far, many new buildings have appeared. 五、三组易混短语（考试高频区分） 1. have been to / have gone to / have been in *have been to +地点去过某地，现在人已经回来，常和次数连用 I have been to Shanghai three times. *have gone to +地点去了某地，现在还没回来，人不在现场 —Where is Tom?—He has gone to the town to work. *have been in +地点+ for/since在某地待了多久，强调停留时长 She has been in the countryside for ten years. 2. already & yet already：肯定句，句中，“已经”We have already had new houses. yet：否定、疑问句末尾，“还/已经”They haven’t moved into new flats yet. 3. since & for for + 时长：for 15 years since + 时间点：since 2010 /since last summer 六、现在完成时专属时间标志词（看到直接判定时态） *模糊无具体过去时间：already, yet, just, ever, never, before *近几年（单元核心）：in the past/last ten years, over the years, so far, recently *持续时长：for + 时间段，since +时间点 ⚠️ 避雷：出现明确过去时间词（yesterday, last year, ten years ago, in 2010） 绝对不能用现在完成时，只能用一般过去时。 七、经典易错点详解 易错点 1：不能搭配具体过去时间 错：I have seen the film last week. 对：I saw the film last week.（last week 明确过去，一般过去） 对：I have seen the film before.（before 无具体时间，现完） 易错点 2：there be 句型的现在完成时 结构：There have/has been +名词 There have been many great changes in my hometown.我的家乡发生了许多巨变。（单元万能句型） 第二部分 现在完成时 vs一般过去时深度区分 课本例句: 1.现在完成时:只讲结果,不问动作发生在哪一天,和现在挂钩 Great changes have taken place in the past ten years.近十年发生了巨大变化 （现在家乡很好） 2.一般过去时:有明确过去时间,只讲过去,和现在无关 Great changes took place ten years ago.十年前发生了巨变（ 只陈述十年前的事，不提现在） 详细区别见下表： 表 1 核心本质、时间、标志词、用法总对比 对比维度 现在完成时 (have/has + 过去分词) 一般过去时 (主语 + 动词过去式) 核心含义 动作发生在过去，侧重对现在的影响 /结果，和现在紧密关联 只陈述过去发生、彻底结束的动作，与现在无任何联系 时间特点 无明确具体过去时间；时间截止到 “现在” 必须可搭配精准、独立的过去时间点 标志性时间词 already, yet, ever, never, just, before, recently, so far, since +过去点，for + 时间段in the past/last few years yesterday, …ago, last…, just now, in +过去年份，then, at +过去时刻 例句1 人生至今的经历（无具体时间） I have been to Xi’an twice. 过去某一次具体经历（带时间） I went to Xi’an in 2023. 例句 2 刚做完，当下有明显状态 He has broken his leg. （现在腿受伤走不了） 单纯叙述往事，不关心现在 He broke his leg last month. 例句3 动作从过去持续到现在（for/since）I have lived here for 5 years. 过去持续、现已结束 I lived here for 5 years. （现在不住了） 硬性禁忌 不能搭配 yesterday /ago/last week 等具体过去时间 不能搭配 since /so far /yet/ever 等截止到现在的词 表 2 同一句动词时态对照示例 语境 现在完成时（侧重现在） 一般过去时（侧重过去往事） 吃饭 I have had breakfast.我吃过早饭了（现在不饿） I had breakfast at seven.我七点吃的早饭（只说当时） 丢东西 She has lost her key.她钥匙丢了 （现在打不开门） She lost her key yesterday. 她昨天丢了钥匙 看电影 We have seen this film.我们看过这部电影（知道剧情） We saw this film last Sunday. 我们上周日看了这部电影 外出 He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了（人现在不在现场） He went to Beijing last summer. 他去年夏天去过北京 【巩固练习】 第一大题：用所给动词的适当形式填空 解题关键：找准时间标志，区分“纯过去”和“关联现在” 1. My hometown ________ (change) a lot in the past ten years. 2. Many new buildings ________ (appear) in our village last year. 3. I ________ (not see) my primary school classmates since 2018. 4. People ________ (live) a hard life in the countryside many years ago. 5. Great changes ________ (take) place in our city over the years. 6. He ________ (leave) his hometown when he was eighteen years old. 7. He ________ (be) away from his hometown for twelve years. 8. My parents ________ (buy) a new flat two years ago. 9. We ________ (have) a comfortable life since we moved into the new house. 10. The government ________ (build) a new hospital in our town already. 11. They ________ (build) the town library in 2015. 12. I ________ (never, visit) such a beautiful modern park before. 13. Did you ________ (travel) by bike when you were a child? 14. Modern roads ________ (make) our trips much easier so far. 15. In the past, most people ________ (walk) to work every day. 16. Now more and more people ________ (buy) private cars in recent years. 17. My grandpa ________ (tell) me many old stories about our village yesterday. 18. I ________ (learn) English for nearly nine years. 19. She ________ (join) the volunteer team three years ago. 20. She ________ (be) a volunteer for three years. 21. The small river ________ (become) very clean since people stopped polluting it. 22. Everything ________ (be) different when I came back to my hometown last month. 23. We ________ (not, finish) our survey about village changes yet. 24. He ________ (go) to the big city to find a better job just now. 25. He ________ (be) in Beijing for half a year. 26. Farmers ________ (use) modern machines to work on farms now. They ________ (not, use) them in the past. 27. Our teachers ________ (help) us know more about social changes recently. 28. I ________ (keep) this old photo since I was a little boy. 29. The old bridge ________ (disappear) five years ago and a new one ________ (appear) soon. 30. People’s living conditions ________ (improve) greatly in the past few years. 第二大题：单项选择 重难点：时态辨析、瞬间动词、have been/gone/in、标志词陷阱 1. —Your hometown is so beautiful! —Yes. It ______ a lot in the past ten years. A. changes B. changed C. has changed D. was changing 2. My father ______ in this factory for 20 years, and he still works here now. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 3. —When ______ you ______ to our town? —In 2010. A. have; come B. did; come C. do; come D. had; come 4. He ______ Shanghai. He will come back in three days. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 5. I ______ Shanghai twice. It’s a very modern city. A. have been to B. have gone to C. went to D. has been to 6. —Have you finished your homework ______? —Yes, I have ______ finished it. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already 7. His grandfather ______ for five years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. dies 8. They ______ in this village since they were born. A. lived B. have lived C. live D. are living 9. Great changes ______ in our country over the last twenty years. A. took place B. have taken place C. happen D. are happening 10. —Where is Lucy? —She ______ the library. She will return soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 11. I ______ this book yesterday, but I ______ it yet. A. bought; haven’t finished B. have bought; didn’t finish C. bought; didn’t finish D. have bought; haven’t finished 12. We ______ more than 100 new trees in our school so far. A. planted B. plant C. have planted D. are planting 13. He ______ school last year, but he ______ in the city for only one year. A. left; has been B. has left; was C. left; was D. has left; has been 14. —______ you ever ______ a high-speed train? —Yes, I have. It’s very fast. A. Did; take B. Have; taken C. Do; take D. Will; take 15. The film ______ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. has been on B. had been on C. was on D. began 16. People ______ hard lives in the old days, but life ______ much better now. A. live; is B. lived; has become C. have lived; became D. lived; was 17. My brother ______ the army in 2022 and he ______ a soldier for 4 years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; is C. joined; was D. joins; has been 18. I haven’t seen my best friend ______ last summer. A. for B. since C. in D. during 19. —Why don’t you know the village? —Because I ______ here before. A. have never been B. never come C. never went D. was never 20. They ______ a new bridge over the river two years ago, and it ______ very useful since then. A. built; has been B. have built; is C. built; was D. build; has been 21. So far, our class ______ three social practice activities about rural changes. A. held B. holds C. has held D. is holding 22. He ______ English when he was six, and he ______ it for ten years. A. learns; learns B. learned; has learned C. has learned; learned D. learned; learned 23. —Have you been to the new museum? —Yes, I ______ there last weekend. A. go B. have gone C. went D. will go 24. The old house ______ down already. You can’t see it now. A. pulled B. has been pulled C. was pulled D. pulls 25. We ______ not ______ any pollution problems in our hometown in recent years. A. do; have B. did; have C. have; had D. are; having 26. She ______ in the city since she graduated from college. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 27. —How long ______ you ______ this bike? —For three years. A. did; buy B. have; bought C. have; had D. do; have 28. In the past few years, many young people ______ back to their hometowns to start businesses. A. come B. came C. have come D. will come 29. I ______ the task yesterday afternoon, so I ______ free now. A. finished; am B. have finished; am C. finished; was D. finish; am 30. There ______ great changes in our school over the past five years. A. are B. were C. have been D. had been 第三大题：句型改写（高频难点：瞬间动词变延续动词） 1. My hometown has changed a lot over the years.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________________ 2. He has been away from his hometown for ten years.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ____________________________________________________________ 3. They built a new road in their village last year.（改为现在完成时） ____________________________________________________________ 4. I have lived here since I was five years old.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________________ 5. She bought this mobile phone two years ago.（改为同义句，现在完成时） ____________________________________________________________ 6. The old man died three years ago.（改为同义句，延续性动词） ____________________________________________________________ 7. They have already finished their survey.（改为否定句） ____________________________________________________________ 8. Great changes took place in the town in 2010.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________________ 9. He has gone to Beijing.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________________ 10. We visited the new museum last month.（改为一般疑问句） ____________________________________________________________ 11. Tom has been a member of the club for two years.（改为同义句） ____________________________________________________________ 12. People used to walk to work.（改为现在完成时语境同义句） ____________________________________________________________ 13. The movie began ten minutes ago.（改为同义句，延续性动词） ____________________________________________________________ 14. I have never been to a big city.（改为反义疑问句） ____________________________________________________________ 15. They have lived in the countryside for 15 years.（对划线部分提问） ____________________________________________________________ 第四大题：汉译英 1. 在过去的十年里，我们的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。 ____________________________________________________________ 2. 我爷爷离开家乡已经四十多年了。 3. 过去人们出行很困难，但现在交通变得非常便利。 ____________________________________________________________ 4. 迄今为止，村里已经修建了三所新学校。 ____________________________________________________________ 5. 自从2015年以来，人们的生活水平大大提高了。 ____________________________________________________________ 6. 我从未见过如此干净整洁的乡村街道。 ____________________________________________________________ 7. 他三年前加入志愿者团队，一直服务至今。 ____________________________________________________________ 8. 这座旧桥五年前消失了，一座新桥随即取代了它。 ____________________________________________________________ 9. 越来越多的年轻人已经选择回到家乡创业。 ____________________________________________________________ 10. 过去这里没有高楼大厦，但现在随处可见。 ____________________________________________________________ 11. 我在这里居住了整整十二年，见证了所有的变化。 ____________________________________________________________ 12. 他们还没有完成关于城乡变化的调查报告。 ____________________________________________________________ 13. 我的父亲去过上海两次，他非常了解那里的发展。 ____________________________________________________________ 14. 自从政府治理环境后，这条小河变得清澈了。 ____________________________________________________________ 15. 虽然过去的生活很艰苦，但人们的生活如今已经变得幸福美满。 ____________________________________________________________ Keys 一、用所给单词正确形式填空 1. has changed ;2. appeared 3. haven’t seen 4. lived ;5. have taken 6. left 7. has been 8. bought 9. have had 10. has built 11. built 12. have never visited 13. travel 14. have made 15. walked 16. have bought 17. told 18. have learned 19. joined 20. has been 21. has become 22. was 23. haven’t finished 24. went 25. has been 26. use; didn’t use 27. have helped 28. have kept 29. disappeared; will appear 30. have improved 二、单项选择 1-5: CCBBA 6-10: ACBBB 11-15: ACABB 16-20: BABAA 21-25: CBCBC 26-30: CCCAC 三、句子改写 1. My hometown hasn’t changed a lot over the years. 2. —Has he been away from his hometown for ten years? —Yes, he has. 3. They have already built a new road in their village. 4. How long have you lived here? 5. She has had this mobile phone for two years. 6. The old man has been dead for three years. 7. They haven’t finished their survey yet. 8. When did great changes take place in the town? 9. Where has he gone? 10. Did you visit the new museum last month? 11. Tom joined the club two years ago. 12. People have walked to work over the past years. 13. The movie has been on for ten minutes. 14. I have never been to a big city, have I? 15. How long have they lived in the countryside? 四、汉译英 1. Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the past ten years. 2. My grandpa has been away from his hometown for more than forty years. 3. It was hard for people to travel in the past, but the traffic has become very convenient now. 4. So far, three new schools have been built in the village. 5. People’s living standards have improved greatly since 2015. 6. I have never seen such clean and tidy village streets. 7. He joined the volunteer team three years ago and has served ever since. 8. The old bridge disappeared five years ago, and a new one has taken its place. 9. More and more young people have chosen to return to their hometowns to start businesses. 10. There were no tall buildings here in the past, but they can be seen everywhere now. 11. I have lived here for twelve years and have witnessed all the changes. 12. They haven’t finished the survey on the changes between cities and countryside yet. 13. My father has been to Shanghai twice and he knows its development very well. 14. The small river has become clean since the government improved the environment. 15. Life was hard in the past, but people’s lives have become happy and satisfying now. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $