内容正文:
八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版)
第二讲 Unit 2 Inspiring People
◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总
范围
内容
单元基础知识预习
重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作
单元教材知识讲解
Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析
Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析
单元重点语法知识解析。
基础知识过关练
选择题、填空题、完成句子
能力拓展提升练
完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达
◇Part 02 基础知识预习
重点
单词(加粗的为课标要求重点单词)
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的
admire v. 钦佩;赞赏
historian n. 历史学家
researcher n. 研究人员
chemist n. 化学家
physicist n. 物理学家
hunger n. 饥饿
chemistry n. 化学
calendar n. 日历
discovery n. 发现
century n. 世纪
wounded adj. 受伤的;负伤的
soldier n. 士兵
British adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人
airway n. (飞机的)航线;航路
nation n. 国家;民族
spread v.&n. 传播;散布
disease n. 疾病
pioneer n.先驱;先锋
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
pyramid n. 金字塔
balance n.平衡; v.保持平衡
courage n. 勇气;勇敢
wisdom n. 智慧;学问
inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
brave adj. 勇敢的;无畏的; v. 勇敢面对;经受(困难)
necessary adj. 必要的;必需的
seed n. 种子
childhood n. 童年
dynasty n. 朝代;王朝
western adj. 西方的;西部的
scientific adj. 科学(上)的
biologist n. 生物学家
whole adj. 所有的;完全的
bank n. 银行
forever adv. 永远
radio n. 无线电;收音机
collection n. 收集物;收藏品
exploration n. 探索
universe n. 宇宙
socialism n. 社会主义
hole n. 洞;孔
daughter n. 女儿
herself pron. 她自己;她本人
flight n.飞行;航班
woodwork n.木工手艺
inventor n. 发明家
thinker n. 思想家
period n. 时期;一段时间
kingdom n. 王国
kindness n. 善良
whether conj. 是否
mankind n. 人类
重点短语
reduce hunger 缓解饥饿
drop out (of sth) 辍学;不再参加
win Nobel Prizes 获得诺贝尔奖
make important discoveries 做出重要发现
a modern nation 现代化国家
the spread of diseases 疾病传播
full of courage and wisdom 充满勇气与智慧
look up to sb 钦佩;仰慕
childhood dream 童年梦想
come true 实现;成为现实
stand up for the common people 为普通人发声
one’s whole life 某人的一生
China’s seed banks 中国种子库
brave the cold weather and great heights 不畏严寒与高海拔
leave behind 留下;遗留
live on 继续存在;继续活着
scientific exploration 科学探索
go up 上升
take one’s first flight 第一次乘坐飞机
above all 最重要的是;尤其是
重点语法
1. 结构“It is/was ... (for/of sb.) to do ...”的用法。
2. 结构“It is/was+形容词+ that从句”的用法。
单元话题与写作
本单元的话题为“鼓舞人心的人”。
本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“介绍一些鼓舞人心的人,讲述他们的故事”。
◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解
一、Section A部分语篇预习:
语篇Section A 3a
Adam: Hi, everyone. Who is the person you admire the most?
Yaming: My favourite person is I.M. Pei.
Adam: Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum?
Yaming: Yes. It was very creative of him to design it. The Suzhou Museum is also one of his amazing designs. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.
Adam: Wow, you really know a lot about him!
Yaming: I read books and reports about him. I want to be a creative person like him.
Adam: What about you, Chen Jie? Who inspires you?
Chen Jie: Wang Yaping, of course, China's first woman to walk in space. She is full of courage and wisdom. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to?
Adam: Me? My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. It's my father. It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here.
亚当:大家好,你们最敬佩的人是谁?
亚明:我最敬佩的人是贝聿铭。
亚当:卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔是他设计的吗?
亚明:是的,他的设计极具创意。苏州博物馆也是他的经典作品之一。他在东西方之间营造了美妙的平衡。
亚当:哇,你对他了解真多!
亚明:我读了关于他的书籍和报道。我想成为像他一样有创造力的人。
亚当:陈洁,你呢?谁激励着你?
陈洁:当然是王亚平,中国首位太空行走的女航天员。她充满勇气与智慧,还是第一位在太空授课的女教师。亚当,你呢?你敬佩谁?
亚当:我?我最敬佩的不是名人,是我爸爸。他非常支持和鼓励我来这里做交换生,人特别好。
二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. Who inspires us? 谁激励着我们?
Talk about inspiring people.谈论激励人心的人。
(1)inspire
【用法讲解】
inspire作及物动词,意为“激励;鼓舞”。
【词形变化】
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励人心的(由"inspire + 后缀-ing"构成。)
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;卓越的(由"inspire + 后缀-ed"构成。)
inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞(由"inspire + 名词后缀-ation"构成。)
【常用结构】
① inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
例句:His speech inspired us to work harder. 他的演讲激励我们更努力工作。
②inspire confidence / hope / fear in sb使某人产生信心/希望/恐惧
例句:His words inspired confidence in us.他的话让我们产生了信心。
【易混词辨析】inspiring与inspired
① inspiring 意为"鼓舞人心的",用来描述事物的特性,指某事物令人振奋,主语一般是物。
例句:The story is very inspiring.(这个故事非常鼓舞人心。)
② inspired 意为"受到鼓舞的",用来描述人的感受,指人受到激励,主语一般是人。
例句:We felt inspired after hearing his story.(听了他的故事后我们感到深受鼓舞。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. His speech ______ (inspire) us to try our best last week.
2. The ______ (inspire) story made all of us moved.
3. We all felt ______ (inspire) after hearing his experience.
2. Who do we admire?我们崇拜谁?
What made Zhong Yang admirable?是什么让钟扬令人钦佩?
(1)admire
【用法讲解】
admire 作动词,意为"钦佩;赞赏;仰慕"。
例句:I really admire people who work so hard.(我真的很钦佩那些工作如此努力的人。)
【词形变化】
admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏(由"admire + 名词后缀-ation"构成。)
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的;值得赞赏的(由"admire + 形容词后缀-able"构成。)
admirer n. 钦佩者;仰慕者(由"admire + 表示人的后缀-er"构成。)
【常用结构】
① admire sb. for sth.(因某事而钦佩某人)
例句:We admire her for her courage.(我们钦佩她的勇气。)
②It is admirable that...(……令人钦佩)
例句:It is admirable that she helped so many people.(她帮助了那么多人,令人钦佩。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It is ______ (admire) that he keeps helping others for ten years.
二、完成句子
1. 我们因他的善良而钦佩他。
We ______ him ______ his kindness.
3. Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist. Faraday早年辍学,但抓住每一个学习机会,最终成为了一名伟大的科学家。
(1)drop out (of sth)
【用法讲解】
① drop out (of sth) 意为"退学;辍学"。
例句:He dropped out of school at the age of sixteen.(他十六岁时辍学了。)
② drop out 还可以表示"退出;放弃",指不再参加某项活动或比赛。
例句:Several runners dropped out of the race.(几名赛跑选手退出了比赛。)
【常用结构】
① drop out of school/college(退学/从大学辍学)
例句:She dropped out of college to start her own business.(她从大学辍学去创业了。)
② drop out of the competition/race(退出比赛)
例句:He had to drop out of the competition because of injury.(他因伤不得不退出比赛。)
【易混短语辨析】
① drop out 意为"退出;辍学",强调中途放弃。
例句:He dropped out before finishing the course.(他在课程结束前退出了。)
② drop off 意为"掉落;减少;让某人下车"。
例句:Please drop me off at the station.(请在车站让我下车。)
③ drop by 意为"顺便拜访"。
例句:Feel free to drop by anytime.(随时欢迎顺便来坐坐。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. He had to ______ of the race because of his leg injury.
A. drop out B. drop off C. drop by D. drop down
2. The poor boy dropped ______ school when he was 14.
A. out B. out of C. off D. by
4. Florence Nightingale volunteered as a nurse to help the wounded soldiers.弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔志愿担任护士,帮助受伤的士兵。
(1)wounded
【用法讲解】
wounded 作形容词,意为"受伤的",尤指在战争或战斗中受伤。
例句:The wounded soldier was taken to the hospital.(受伤的士兵被送往了医院。)
the wounded指"伤员"(“the +形容词”表示一类人)。
例句:The wounded were sent to the nearest hospital.(伤员们被送往最近的医院。)
【词形变化】
wound v./n. 使受伤;伤口(wounded去掉后缀-ed。)
【易混词辨析】wounded、injured与hurt
① wounded 意为"受伤的",多指在战争或战斗中被武器所伤。
例句:The wounded soldiers needed medical help.(受伤的士兵们需要医疗救助。)
② injured 意为"受伤的",多指在事故、运动等中受伤。
例句:Three people were injured in the car accident.(三个人在车祸中受伤了。)
③ hurt 意为"使受伤;疼痛",用法较广泛,可指身体或感情上的伤害。
例句:She hurt her leg while playing basketball.(她打篮球时伤了腿。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Three people were ______ in the car accident.
A. wounded B. injured C. hurt D. broken
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ______ (wound) soldier was saved by the doctor.
5. ... helped us understand the need for cleaner / better hospitals to stop the spread of diseases. ......帮助我们认识到,为了阻止疾病的传播,我们需要更清洁、更好的医院。
(1)spread
【用法讲解】
① spread 作动词,意为"传播;蔓延"。
例句:The news spread quickly through the village.(消息很快传遍了村庄。)
② spread 还可以意为"展开;铺开"。
例句:She spread the map on the table.(她把地图摊在桌子上。)
③ spread 也可以作名词,意为"传播;蔓延"。
例句:The spread of the disease worried everyone.(疾病的传播让所有人担忧。)
【常用结构】
① spread out(展开;散开)
例句:The crowd spread out across the square.(人群在广场上散开了。)
② spread the news/information(传播消息/信息)
例句:Don't spread the news to others.(不要把消息传给别人。)
【易错点】
spread 是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均为spread,不加-ed。
(2)disease
【用法讲解】
disease 作名词,意为"疾病;病"。
例句:This disease can spread from person to person.(这种疾病可以在人与人之间传播。)
【常用结构】
① catch a disease(染上疾病)
例句:He caught a rare disease during his trip.(他在旅途中染上了一种罕见的疾病。)
② cure a disease(治愈疾病)
例句:Scientists are working hard to cure this disease.(科学家们正在努力治愈这种疾病。)
③ prevent disease(s)(预防疾病)
例句:Good hygiene can help prevent disease.(良好的卫生习惯有助于预防疾病。)
【常见短语】
infectious disease(传染病)
heart disease(心脏病)
【易混词辨析】disease与illness
① disease 意为"疾病",通常指具体的、可诊断的疾病,尤其是传染病或严重的病。
例句:He is suffering from a serious disease.(他患了一种严重的疾病。)
② illness 意为"疾病;生病",含义较广泛,指身体不适或生病的状态。
例句:She was absent from school because of illness.(她因为生病没来上学。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Scientists are trying their best to cure this kind of ______.
A. illness B. disease C. sick D. sadness
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ______ (spread) of the virus made everyone worried.
2. The fire ______ (spread) fast because of the strong wind last night.
三、完成句子
1. 人群在广场上散开了。
The crowd ______ ______ across the square.
6. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.他在东西方之间创造了一种完美的平衡。
(1)balance
【用法讲解】
① balance 作名词,意为"平衡;均衡"。
例句:It is important to keep a balance between work and rest.(在工作和休息之间保持平衡很重要。)
② balance 还可以作动词,意为"使平衡;权衡"。
例句:You need to balance the two choices carefully.(你需要仔细权衡这两个选择。)
【常用结构】
① keep/lose one's balance(保持/失去平衡)
例句:She lost her balance and fell down.(她失去平衡摔倒了。)
② keep a balance between A and B(在A和B之间保持平衡)
例句:We should keep a balance between study and play.(我们应该在学习和玩耍之间保持平衡。)
③ on balance(总的说来;权衡之后)
例句:On balance, I think it was a good decision.(总的说来,我认为那是个好决定。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. She lost her ______ and fell off the bike.
A. balance B. balanced C. balancing D. balances
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. A ______ (balance) diet is good for our health.
7. She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气和智慧。
(1)courage
【用法讲解】
courage 作名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。
例句:She showed great courage during the earthquake.(她在地震中表现出了巨大的勇气。)
【词形变化】
courageous adj. 勇敢的;有胆量的(由"courage + 形容词后缀-ous"构成。)
encourage v. 鼓励(由"courage + 前缀en-"构成。)
discourage v. 使泄气;劝阻(由"courage + 前缀dis-"构成。)
【常用结构】
① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事)
例句:He had the courage to admit his mistake.(他有勇气承认自己的错误。)
② take courage(鼓起勇气)
例句:Take courage and try again.(鼓起勇气再试一次。)
【常见短语】
lose courage(丧失勇气)
(2)wisdom
【用法讲解】
wisdom 作名词,意为"智慧;才智"。
例句:The old man is known for his wisdom.(这位老人以智慧著称。)
【词形变化】
wise adj. 聪明的;明智的(wisdom去掉后缀-dom。)
wisely adv. 明智地(由"wise + 副词后缀-ly"构成。)
【常用结构】
① words of wisdom(至理名言;智慧之言)
例句:My grandfather always shared his words of wisdom with me.(我爷爷总是与我分享他的智慧之言。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. He had the courage ______ his mistake in front of the whole class.
A. admit B. to admit C. admitting D. admitted
2. The old man is known for his ______ and kindness.
A. wise B. wisdom C. wisely D. wiser
二、完成句子
1. 鼓起勇气,再试一次。
______ ______ and try again.
2. 他的话里充满了至理名言。
His words are full of ______ ______ ______.
8. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to?你呢,亚当?你崇拜谁?
(1)look up to sb
【用法讲解】
look up to sb 意为"尊敬;敬仰(某人)"。
例句:Children usually look up to their parents.(孩子们通常尊敬他们的父母。)
【易混短语辨析】look up to 与 look down on/upon
① look up to sb 意为"尊敬;敬仰某人",表示对某人的正面情感。
例句:I have always looked up to my older sister.(我一直很敬仰我的姐姐。)
② look down on/upon sb 意为"轻视;看不起某人",表示对某人的负面态度。
例句:You shouldn't look down on people who have less money than you.(你不应该看不起比你钱少的人。)
【易错点】
look up to 中的 to 是介词,后面接名词或代词作宾语,不能接动词不定式。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. All the students look up ______ their head teacher.
A. at B. for C. to D. on
二、完成句子
1. 年轻人通常敬仰英雄。
Young people usually ______ ______ ______ heroes.
9. It was really brave and admirable that he never forgot his task, and his travel also brought back valuable information about the Western Regions.他从未忘记自己的使命,这是很勇敢且令人钦佩的,他的旅程还带回了关于西域的宝贵信息。
(1)brave
【用法讲解】
①brave 作形容词,意为"勇敢的;无畏的"。
例句:The brave firefighter saved the little girl from the fire.(勇敢的消防员从火中救出了小女孩。)
② 作动词,意为"勇敢面对;经受(困难)"。
例句:St George braved the dragon.圣乔治勇敢面对那条龙。
【词形变化】
bravely adv. 勇敢地(由"brave + 副词后缀-ly"构成。)
bravery n. 勇敢;英勇(由"brave + 名词后缀-ry"构成。)
【常用结构】
① be brave enough to do sth.(足够勇敢去做某事)
例句:He was brave enough to speak in front of the whole school.(他足够勇敢,在全校师生面前发言。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The ______ girl saved the little dog from the cold river.
A. brave B. bravely C. bravery D. braver
2. He was brave enough ______ the bad man alone.
A. face B. to face C. facing D. faced
10. It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice.我们有必要听取老师的建议。
(1)necessary
【用法讲解】
necessary 作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。
例句:It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language.(对我们来说学习一门外语是必要的。)
【词形变化】
necessarily adv. 必然地;不可避免地(由"necessary + 副词后缀-ly"构成。)
unnecessary adj. 不必要的;多余的(由"necessary + 否定前缀un-"构成。)
【常用结构】
① It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是必要的)
例句:It is necessary for you to finish your homework first.(你必须先完成作业。)
② if necessary(如果有必要)
例句:I can work on Sunday if necessary.(如果有必要,我可以在星期天工作。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. It is necessary ______ us ______ enough sleep every day.
A. for; get B. of; to get C. for; to get D. of; get
二、完成句子
1. 如果有必要,我会帮你的。
I will help you ______ ______.
三、Section B部分语篇预习:
Section B, 1b
The Inspiring Seed Scientist
On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China's seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever.
Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University.
It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work.
Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China.
Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, "My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now."
令人敬佩的种子科学家
2017年9月25日,中国教授钟扬因车祸离世的消息震惊了科学界。这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于植物与种子研究。多年来,他为中国的种子库收集了大量重要种子。这些种子库保护各类植物种子,包括粮食作物种子,确保重要植物不会从地球上永久消失。
钟扬生于1964年,年少时就对所学事物怀有深厚热爱与好奇心。他成绩优异,15岁就考入大学,大学期间学习无线电工程,后来对植物产生兴趣。成为复旦大学教授后,植物尤其是种子的研究成为他一生的重心。
种子库需要收录多种多样的种子,这一点至关重要。钟扬发现西藏地区的种子研究不足时,亲自前往西藏收集种子。2001年,他开始走遍西藏。克服严寒与高海拔的困难对他来说异常艰辛,他有时会生病,但始终坚持工作。
钟扬明白,重要的工作需要更多人参与。他发起项目,发掘并培养当地学生从事野外研究,成为科研工作者。他和团队一共收集了约1000种植物的4000多万粒种子,他们的努力为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的全新资料。
钟扬留下的不只是海量种子收藏,他对工作与研究的热爱在学生身上延续。他曾说:“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上,我们收集的种子或许在数百年后会生根发芽。”
Section B, 3a
To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi (about 468-376 BCE). It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker.
Mozi lived during the Warring States Period. Back then, many kingdoms were fighting against each other. In these wars, the common people were always hurt. To Mozi, this had to stop, so he spent his life trying to bring peace.
His idea of love was one reason that Mozi wanted peace. It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. He also believed states should avoid attacking one another.
Though Mozi lived more than 2,000 years ago, his ideas live on. I think he is still a great inspiration to many people. Now, more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of peace and love, and work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind.
对我而言,中国历史上最鼓舞人心的人物之一是墨子(约公元前468 -前376年)。据说墨子曾是武士,擅长木工,还是风筝的发明者。但事实上,他首先是一位伟大的思想家。
墨子生活在战国时期,当时各国战乱不休,百姓总是深受其害。在墨子看来,这一切必须停止,因此他毕生致力于追求和平。
兼爱的思想是墨子倡导和平的原因之一。他认为,每个人都应平等地关爱他人,无论对方是家人、朋友还是陌生人,这一点至关重要。他还主张各国不应互相攻伐。
尽管墨子生活在两千多年前,但他的思想流传至今。我认为他依然激励着许多人。如今,全世界人民比以往任何时候都更需要聆听和平与兼爱的理念,携手共建人类命运共同体。
四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. Professor Gui's childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work.桂教授儿时成为太空科学家的梦想,通过他的不懈努力和辛勤工作得以实现。
(1)come true
【用法讲解】
come true 意为"(梦想、愿望等)实现;成为现实",主语通常是 dream, wish, hope 等表示愿望的名词。
例句:His dream of becoming a doctor has finally come true.(他成为一名医生的梦想终于实现了。)
【易混短语辨析】come true 与 realize
① come true 意为"实现",是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态,主语是事物(如梦想、愿望)。
例句:I hope your wish will come true.(我希望你的愿望能实现。)
② realize 意为"实现",是及物动词,主语通常是人,且可以用于被动语态。
例句:He realized his dream of becoming a doctor.(他实现了成为医生的梦想。)
【易错点】
come true 没有被动语态,主语通常是 dream, wish, hope 等表示愿望的名词。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. His dream of being a writer ______ at last.
A. came true B. realized C. come true D. realize
二、完成句子
1. 我希望你的愿望能实现。
I hope your wish will ______ ______.
2. On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. 2017年9月25日,中国教授钟扬因车祸去世的消息震惊了科学界。
(1)scientific
【用法讲解】
scientific 作形容词,意为"科学的;关于科学的"。
例句:We need to find a scientific way to solve this problem.(我们需要找到一种科学的方法来解决这个问题。)
【词形变化】
science n. 科学(scientific去掉后缀-ific,加-ence。)
scientist n. 科学家(由"science + 表示人的后缀-tist"构成。)
【常见短语】
scientific research(科学研究)
scientific method(科学方法)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (science) research is very important for the development of our country.
2. My brother wants to be a ______ (science) when he grows up.
二、完成句子
1. 我们应该用科学的方法做实验。
We should do experiments with ______ ______.
3. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于植物和种子研究。
(1)whole
【用法讲解】
① whole 作形容词,意为"全部的;整体的;完整的"。
例句:He ate the whole cake by himself.(他自己把整个蛋糕都吃了。)
② whole 也可以作名词,意为"全部;整体"。
例句:The whole of the city was covered in snow.(整座城市都被雪覆盖了。)
【常用结构】
① the whole + 单数名词(整个……)
例句:She stayed at home the whole day.(她一整天都待在家里。)
② as a whole(总体上;作为一个整体)
例句:The project as a whole was a success.(这个项目总体上是成功的。)
【易混词辨析】whole与all
① whole 意为"整个的",强调没有遗漏或残缺,通常与定冠词 the 连用,修饰单数可数名词,结构为 "the whole + 名词"。
例句:I read the whole book in one day.(我一天读完了整本书。)
② all 意为"所有的;全部的",可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,结构为 "all (the) + 名词"。
例句:All the students passed the exam.(所有的学生都通过了考试。)
【易错点】
表示"一整天"时,可以说 the whole day 或 all day,但不能说 the all day。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. He spent ______ day doing his homework.
A. the whole B. whole the C. all the D. the all
二、完成句子
1. 总体来说,这次活动很成功。
The activity was a success ______ ______ ______.
4. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever.这些特殊的银行保护着各种各样的植物种子,包括我们所需的食物来源,并确保重要的植物不会永远从世界上消失。
(1)forever
【用法讲解】
forever 作副词,意为"永远;始终",表示时间上没有尽头。
例句:I will remember your kindness forever.(我会永远记住你的善良。)
【常用结构】
① live forever(永远活着;流芳百世)
例句:His spirit will live forever in our hearts.(他的精神将永远活在我们心中。)
【易混词辨析】forever与for ever
在现代英语中,forever 和 for ever 意思相同,都表示"永远"。但在美国英语中,通常拼写为一个词 forever;在英国英语中,两者皆可,但 for ever 更正式。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The hero’s spirit will live ______ in people’s hearts.
A. on B. forever C. together D. along
二、完成句子
1. 友谊地久天长。
Friendship lasts ______.
5. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds.钟扬留下的不仅仅是一大批种子。
(1)leave behind
【用法讲解】
① leave behind 意为"留下;遗留",指离开时把某物留在某处,或指留下某种影响、传统等。
例句:Please don't leave your trash behind.(请不要留下你的垃圾。)
② leave behind 还可以意为"把……抛在后面;超过"。
例句:The fast runner left the others far behind.(跑得快的选手把其他人远远抛在后面。)
【常用结构】
① leave sb./sth. behind(把某人/某物留下/抛在后面)
例句:He left his umbrella behind on the train.(他把伞落在火车上了。)
【易混短语辨析】leave behind 与 leave out
① leave behind 意为"留下;遗留;抛在后面"。
例句:She left her old life behind and started anew.(她抛弃了旧生活,重新开始。)
② leave out 意为"遗漏;省略;不包括"。
例句:Don't leave out any important details.(不要遗漏任何重要细节。)
(2)collection
【用法讲解】
collection 作名词,意为"收藏品;收集物"。
例句:He has a large collection of stamps.(他有大量的邮票收藏品。)
【词形变化】
collect v. 收集;收藏(collection去掉后缀-ion。)
collector n. 收藏家;收集者(由"collect + 表示人的后缀-or"构成。)
【常用结构】
① a collection of...(一批……;……的收藏品)
例句:The museum has a fine collection of modern art.(这家博物馆有一批精美的现代艺术收藏品。)
【常见短语】
stamp collection(集邮)
data collection(数据收集)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Don’t ______ your things ______ when you get off the bus.
A. leave; out B. leave; behind C. leave; off D. leave; for
三、完成句子
1. 他把雨伞落在火车上了。
He ______ his umbrella ______ on the train.
2. 集邮是我的爱好之一。
______ ______ is one of my hobbies.
6. His love for his job and research lives on in his students.他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上得以延续。
(1)live on
【用法讲解】
① live on 意为"靠……生活;以……为主食"。
例句:Pandas live on bamboo.(熊猫以竹子为主食。)
② live on 还可以意为"继续活着;继续存在"。
例句:His music will live on forever.(他的音乐将永远流传下去。)
【常用结构】
① live on sth.(靠某物生活)
例句:They live on a small farm in the country.(他们靠乡下的小农场生活。)
【易混短语辨析】live on 与 live by
① live on 意为"靠……生活",后接食物或金钱等具体维持生活的资源。
例句:He lives on his pension.(他靠养老金生活。)
② live by 意为"靠……为生",后接谋生的手段或方式。
例句:He lives by writing.(他靠写作为生。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Pandas mainly live ______ bamboo.
A. by B. on C. in D. with
二、完成句子
1. 他的精神将永远长存。
His spirit will ______ ______ forever.
7. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker.但事实上,他首先是一位伟大的思想家。
(1)above all
【用法讲解】
above all 意为"首先;最重要的是",用于强调在所有事物中某一点是最关键的。
例句:Above all, you must be honest.(最重要的是,你必须诚实。)
【易混短语辨析】above all 与 after all
① above all 意为"最重要的是;首先",强调首要性。
例句:He is smart and, above all, hardworking.(他很聪明,最重要的是,他很努力。)
② after all 意为"毕竟;终究",用于补充说明理由或表示结果与预期不同。
例句:Don't be too hard on him; he is just a child after all.(别对他太苛刻,他毕竟只是个孩子。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. ______, you must keep safe when you travel.
A. After all B. Above all C. In all D. At all
2. Don’t blame him. ______, he is just a child.
A. Above all B. After all C. In all D. For all
8. Mozi lived during the Warring States Period.墨子生活在战国时期。
(1)period
【用法讲解】
① period 作名词,意为"时期;阶段"。
例句:The Renaissance was a very important period in European history.(文艺复兴是欧洲历史上一个非常重要的时期。)
② period 还可以意为"(一)节课;学时"。
例句:We have English in the first period.(我们第一节课上英语。)
【常用结构】
① a period of time(一段时间)
例句:He stayed in Paris for a long period of time.(他在巴黎待了很长一段时间。)
【常见短语】
historical period(历史时期)
transition period(过渡期)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The Spring and Autumn Period was an important ______ in Chinese history.
A. time B. period C. age D. day
三、完成句子
1. 他在国外住了一段时间。
He lived abroad for ______ ______ ______ time.
9. It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers.对他而言,重要的是每个人都应该对其他人展现出同样的善意和关怀,无论对方是家人、朋友还是陌生人。
(1)kindness
【用法讲解】
kindness 作名词,意为"仁慈;善良;好意"。
例句:Thank you for your kindness and help.(感谢你的好心与帮助。)
【词形变化】
kind adj. 善良的;友好的(kindness去掉后缀-ness。)
【常用结构】
① out of kindness(出于好意)
例句:She helped the old man out of kindness.(她出于好意帮助了那位老人。)
② do sb. a kindness(帮某人一个忙;对某人行善)
例句:He did me a great kindness by lending me the money.(他借钱给我,帮了我一个大忙。)
(2)whether
【用法讲解】
whether 作连词,意为"是否",用于引导名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句等)。
例句:I don't know whether he will come tomorrow.(我不知道他明天是否会来。)
【常用结构】
① whether... or...(是……还是……;不管……还是……)
例句:I don't care whether it rains or shines.(我不管下雨还是晴天。)
② whether or not(是否)
例句:We need to decide whether or not to go.(我们需要决定是否要去。)
【易混词辨析】whether与if
① whether 和 if 在引导宾语从句表示"是否"时,通常可以互换。
例句:I wonder if/whether it will rain.(我想知道是否会下雨。)
② 但在以下情况中只能用 whether,不能用 if:
· 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时;
· 与 or not 紧连时(whether or not);
· 在介词后作宾语时;后接动词不定式时(whether to do)。
例句:It depends on whether we have enough time.(这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。)(介词后只能用whether)
例句:I haven't decided whether to go.(我还没决定是否要去。)(接不定式只能用whether)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Thank you for your ______ and help.
A. kind B. kindness C. kindly D. kinder
2. It depends on ______ we have enough time.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The old man is always ______ (kindness) to children.
三、完成句子
1. 不管晴雨,我们都要去。
We will go ______ it rains ______ shines.
五、单元重点语法知识解析:
一、It is/was ... (for/of sb.) to do ...的用法
1. 句型结构分析:
该句型中it是形式主语,无实际语义,句子中真正主语是动词不定式“to do ...”,be动词通常用单数形式,
该句型中可以用for/of 来引出人物。
2. 句型的意义:
· 如果不用for/of 引出sb.,句型的意义为“做某事......(省略的部分用形容词,对不定式动作进行评价)”。
· 用for引出 sb.,这时句子侧重点是强调“事情”,重点不在人,这时形容词多是对“事情”进行评价的一些词,如:important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, possible, impossible, dangerous等。
· 用of 引出sb.,这时句子侧重点是强调“人本身的品质/性格”,重点在评价人,这时形容词多是对“人”进行评价的一些词,如:kind, nice, good, polite, wise, clever, silly, stupid, careless, rude, wrong等。
例:It is important for us to keep healthy.对我们来说,保持健康很重要。(重点在“保持健康这件事”。)
It is difficult for him to finish the work today.对他而言,今天完成这项工作很难。
It is dangerous for children to swim alone.孩子独自游泳很危险。(重点在于评价“孩子独自游泳”这件事)
It is kind of you to help me.你真好,帮我忙。(重点在评价人的品质)
It is stupid of him to believe such a lie.他真蠢,竟然相信这种谎话。(重点在评价人的品质)
It was careless of her to leave the door unlocked.她太粗心了,居然没锁门。(重点在评价人的性格)
3. 变否定
句型整体否定在 be 动词后加 not(It is not + adj. + to do);否定不定式动作时将 not 置于 to 前。
例:It is unnecessary for you to go there.你没必要去那儿。
二、It is/was+形容词+ that从句的用法
1. 句型结构分析:
该句型中it是形式主语,无实际语义,句子中真正主语是后面的that从句,句型中be动词通常用单数形式,
that是从属连词,只起“把从句绑进来”的作用,无实际意义。
2. 句型的意义:
该句型是对that从句表达的内容进行评价或说明,意为“...是...”
例:It is clear that he is lying.很明显,他在撒谎。
It is surprising that she got full marks.她拿了满分,真让人吃惊。
It is important that we follow the rules.我们遵守规则很重要。
3. 变否定
变否定直接在is/was后加not。
例:It is not true that he stole the money.说他偷钱,这不是真的。
It wasn’t surprising that they lost.他们输了,并不让人意外。
4. 该句型中也可用for来引出句子描述的情况针对或适用的对象。
例:It is important for us that the plan works.计划能成功,这对我们很重要。
It is hard for him that he must leave.他必须离开,这对他很艰难。
【拓展句型】
1. It takes … to do …
例:It takes time for beginners to speak English well.初学者要讲好英语需要时间。
2. It + be + 名词短语 + to do sth.
例:It is a pity to miss the concert.错过这场音乐会真是遗憾。
3. It + 不及物动词 + that从句
例:It happened that I met my old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老朋友。
4. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
例:It is said that he has gone to Beijing.据说他已经去北京了。
5. It + be + 名词 + that从句
例: It is a pity that you can’t come to the party.你不能来参加聚会,真可惜。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. It’s important ______ us ______ English well.
A. for; learn B. of; to learn C. for; to learn D. of; learn
2. It’s very kind ______ you ______ help me.
A. for; to B. of; to C. for; / D. of; /
3. ______ is clear that he is telling the truth.
A. This B. That C. It D. What
4. It’s important ______ we should protect the environment.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
5. It ______ me two hours to finish my homework yesterday.
A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
二、选词填空(用 for 或 of 填空)
1. It’s dangerous ______ children to swim alone.
2. It’s silly ______ him to make such a mistake.
3. It’s necessary ______ us to keep the classroom clean.
4. It’s polite ______ you to greet the old.
三、完成句子
1. To learn a foreign language is useful.(改为同义句)
______ ______ useful ______ ______ a foreign language.
2. That he passed the exam is surprising.(改为同义句)
______ ______ surprising ______ he passed the exam.
3. 错过这场电影真可惜。
______ ______ a pity ______ miss the movie.
4. 据说他已经去国外了。
______ ______ ______ that he has gone abroad.
◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练
一、选择题
1. The ______ story made all of us feel ______.
A. inspired; inspiring B. inspiring; inspired
C. inspired; inspired D. inspiring; inspiring
2. I really admire the doctor ______ her courage to fight against the virus.
A. with B. to C. for D. of
3. It is necessary ______ students ______ enough exercise every day.
A. for; to take B. of; to take C. for; take D. of; take
4. His dream of being a pilot ______ finally.
A. came true B. realized C. come true D. realize
5. ______ is said that the famous writer will visit our school next week.
A. It B. That C. This D. What
6. We should not look down ______ people who are in trouble.
A. to B. on C. at D. for
7. Pandas live ______ bamboo and they live mainly in Sichuan, China.
A. by B. on C. in D. with
8. I don’t know ______ he will agree with us or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
9. The fire ______ quickly and soon the whole building was on fire.
A. spread B. spreaded C. spreads D. spreading
10. ______, don’t forget to bring your umbrella.
A. After all B. Above all C. In all D. At all
二、填空题
11. The teacher’s words ______ (inspire) all the students to work harder last week.
12. It is ______ (courage) of the firemen to save people from the fire.
13. He left his hometown and ______ (leave) his old life behind.
14. The old man is famous for his ______ (wise) and kindness.
15. You should make a ______ (balance) between study and hobbies.
16. It is ______ (necessary) for you to take so many books. You only need one.
17. The ______ (spread) of bad information is bad for teenagers.
18. My father has a large ______ (collect) of old coins.
19. He helped the old lady out of ______ (kind).
20. The ______ (whole) class agreed with the plan.
21. It ______ (take) us three hours to get to the top of the mountain yesterday.
22. The wounded soldier fought ______ (brave) against the enemy.
三、完成句子
23. 我们应该尊敬那些帮助过我们的人。
We should ______ ______ ______ those who have helped us.
24. 总的说来,这次旅行很愉快。
______ ______, the trip was very pleasant.
25. He spent two hours doing his homework.(改为同义句)
______ ______ him two hours ______ ______ his homework.
26. 如果你足够勇敢,你就能克服困难。
If you are ______ ______ ______ face difficulties, you can get over them.
27. 他辍学去工作来养家。
He ______ ______ ______ school to work and support his family.
28. 保持均衡的饮食对健康很重要。
______ ______ important ______ keep a balanced diet.
29. 我不知道他是否会来。
I don’t know ______ ______ ______ come or not.
30. 他的音乐将永远流传下去。
His music will ______ ______ forever.
◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练
一、完形填空
Huang Xuhua is a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院院士). He led the design of China’s first nuclear submarines (核潜艇) and got the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章). He 1 at the age of 99 on Thursday in Wuhan, Hubei Province.
Known as the “Father of China’s nuclear submarines,” Huang spent his whole life on the 2 of China’s nuclear submarine program.
Huang was born on March 12, 1926, in Shanwei, Guangdong Province. After a childhood in the darkness of 3 , he entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1945 to study shipbuilding, hoping to gain the ability to 4 the country.
In 1958, he was chosen to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine. In 1970, thanks to the hard work of Huang and his team, China’s first nuclear submarine was put into use, which 5 better than the first U.S. nuclear submarine built in 1954.
In 2018, Huang got the 6 of “Influential Chinese in the World.” In 2020, he won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖) for his 7 work in science.
Huang put all his 8 into the long-term development of China’s science and technology, 9 in nuclear submarine research. He also cared about helping future generations grow in a healthy way. Huang gave 10 more than 20 million yuan (about 2.74 million dollars) of his earnings to support scientific research, science education programs, and schools.
Huang’s dedication and achievements will always be remembered, inspiring us to work hard and contribute to our country.
1.A.set off B.ran away C.passed away D.died off
2.A.development B.agreement C.movement D.argument
3.A.failure B.war C.study D.friendship
4.A.prevent B.protect C.prepare D.produce
5.A.accepted B.ran C.described D.performed
6.A.challenge B.title C.attention D.chance
7.A.honest B.humorous C.outstanding D.confident
8.A.efforts B.power C.spirits D.thought
9.A.especially B.completely C.actually D.generally
10.A.away B.off C.out D.up
二、阅读理解
At the table tennis mixed doubles final of this Paris Olympic Games, Chinese pair Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha, the “Sha Tou” combination, beat the North Korean team with a score of 4 to 2. It is China’s first Olympic gold medal in the table tennis mixed doubles, and also the first gold medal in the table tennis events of these Paris Olympics.
Having won almost every major prize together, including two mixed doubles world championship titles in 2021 and 2023, Wang and Sun expected their first Olympic gold together as a special one, particularly following Team China’s final loss to host Japan in the mixed event’s Olympic debut (首次登台) in Tokyo in 2021.
“This mixed doubles gold is probably the medal I wanted the most. I have to thank everyone around us who contributed to this win,” said Wang, a six-time world champion across men’s team, men’s doubles and mixed doubles.”
“It was the work and effort of everyone that helped us pull it off. We put in so much for this gold, it now all feels worth it. This is not just our glory, it belongs to the whole team.
Mixed doubles is never a battle for one person, but a journey of breaking through thorns (荆棘) together for two. “I’m thankful to my partner for all the work we put in over the last three years. We’ve known each other since we were kids and grew up together. We’re pleased with the result today, and hope we’ll be able to continue to do well in the coming event,” Sun said.
11.How many world titles have they won together in mixed doubles?
A.One. B.Two. C.Three.
12.What was the result of the mixed doubles Olympic debut for Team China in Tokyo?
A.China won the gold medal.
B.China lost to Japan.
C.The match was canceled.
13.What does Wang Chuqin say about the mixed doubles gold medal?
A.It’s easy to win. B.It’s the most desired medal. C.It’s just for himself.
14.What does the last paragraph suggest about the relationship between them?
A.They are only teammates.
B.They have a competitive relationship.
C.They have a long-standing friendship.
三、书面表达
15.学校决定开展向航天女英雄王亚平学习的英文演讲活动,请你按下面表格要求写一篇演讲稿。简单介绍王亚平的个人信息,再谈谈你所感受到的她的优秀品质 (personality),最后说说你打算如何向她学习。
写作要点
具体内容
Personal information
·Date of birth: January, 1980
·Birthplace: a small village in Shandong Province
·Hobby: sports
Personality
·overcome difficulties bravely
·never give up
…
Your plans
①… ②…
要求:
1. 短文应包括表格中所有的写作要点,条理清楚,行文连贯,可适当发挥;
2. 词数不少于80词,短文开头及结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone! It’s my honor to introduce an astronaut hero—Wang Yaping.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版)
第二讲 Unit 2 Inspiring People
◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总
范围
内容
单元基础知识预习
重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作
单元教材知识讲解
Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析
Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析
单元重点语法知识解析。
基础知识过关练
选择题、填空题、完成句子
能力拓展提升练
完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达
◇Part 02 基础知识预习
重点
单词(加粗的为课标要求重点单词)
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的
admire v. 钦佩;赞赏
historian n. 历史学家
researcher n. 研究人员
chemist n. 化学家
physicist n. 物理学家
hunger n. 饥饿
chemistry n. 化学
calendar n. 日历
discovery n. 发现
century n. 世纪
wounded adj. 受伤的;负伤的
soldier n. 士兵
British adj. 英国的;英国人的 n. 英国人
airway n. (飞机的)航线;航路
nation n. 国家;民族
spread v.&n. 传播;散布
disease n. 疾病
pioneer n.先驱;先锋
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
pyramid n. 金字塔
balance n.平衡; v.保持平衡
courage n. 勇气;勇敢
wisdom n. 智慧;学问
inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
brave adj. 勇敢的;无畏的; v. 勇敢面对;经受(困难)
necessary adj. 必要的;必需的
seed n. 种子
childhood n. 童年
dynasty n. 朝代;王朝
western adj. 西方的;西部的
scientific adj. 科学(上)的
biologist n. 生物学家
whole adj. 所有的;完全的
bank n. 银行
forever adv. 永远
radio n. 无线电;收音机
collection n. 收集物;收藏品
exploration n. 探索
universe n. 宇宙
socialism n. 社会主义
hole n. 洞;孔
daughter n. 女儿
herself pron. 她自己;她本人
flight n.飞行;航班
woodwork n.木工手艺
inventor n. 发明家
thinker n. 思想家
period n. 时期;一段时间
kingdom n. 王国
kindness n. 善良
whether conj. 是否
mankind n. 人类
重点短语
reduce hunger 缓解饥饿
drop out (of sth) 辍学;不再参加
win Nobel Prizes 获得诺贝尔奖
make important discoveries 做出重要发现
a modern nation 现代化国家
the spread of diseases 疾病传播
full of courage and wisdom 充满勇气与智慧
look up to sb 钦佩;仰慕
childhood dream 童年梦想
come true 实现;成为现实
stand up for the common people 为普通人发声
one’s whole life 某人的一生
China’s seed banks 中国种子库
brave the cold weather and great heights 不畏严寒与高海拔
leave behind 留下;遗留
live on 继续存在;继续活着
scientific exploration 科学探索
go up 上升
take one’s first flight 第一次乘坐飞机
above all 最重要的是;尤其是
重点语法
1. 结构“It is/was ... (for/of sb.) to do ...”的用法。
2. 结构“It is/was+形容词+ that从句”的用法。
单元话题与写作
本单元的话题为“鼓舞人心的人”。
本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“介绍一些鼓舞人心的人,讲述他们的故事”。
◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解
一、Section A部分语篇预习:
语篇Section A 3a
Adam: Hi, everyone. Who is the person you admire the most?
Yaming: My favourite person is I.M. Pei.
Adam: Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum?
Yaming: Yes. It was very creative of him to design it. The Suzhou Museum is also one of his amazing designs. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.
Adam: Wow, you really know a lot about him!
Yaming: I read books and reports about him. I want to be a creative person like him.
Adam: What about you, Chen Jie? Who inspires you?
Chen Jie: Wang Yaping, of course, China's first woman to walk in space. She is full of courage and wisdom. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to?
Adam: Me? My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. It's my father. It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here.
亚当:大家好,你们最敬佩的人是谁?
亚明:我最敬佩的人是贝聿铭。
亚当:卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔是他设计的吗?
亚明:是的,他的设计极具创意。苏州博物馆也是他的经典作品之一。他在东西方之间营造了美妙的平衡。
亚当:哇,你对他了解真多!
亚明:我读了关于他的书籍和报道。我想成为像他一样有创造力的人。
亚当:陈洁,你呢?谁激励着你?
陈洁:当然是王亚平,中国首位太空行走的女航天员。她充满勇气与智慧,还是第一位在太空授课的女教师。亚当,你呢?你敬佩谁?
亚当:我?我最敬佩的不是名人,是我爸爸。他非常支持和鼓励我来这里做交换生,人特别好。
二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. Who inspires us? 谁激励着我们?
Talk about inspiring people.谈论激励人心的人。
(1)inspire
【用法讲解】
inspire作及物动词,意为“激励;鼓舞”。
【词形变化】
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励人心的(由"inspire + 后缀-ing"构成。)
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的;卓越的(由"inspire + 后缀-ed"构成。)
inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞(由"inspire + 名词后缀-ation"构成。)
【常用结构】
① inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
例句:His speech inspired us to work harder. 他的演讲激励我们更努力工作。
②inspire confidence / hope / fear in sb使某人产生信心/希望/恐惧
例句:His words inspired confidence in us.他的话让我们产生了信心。
【易混词辨析】inspiring与inspired
① inspiring 意为"鼓舞人心的",用来描述事物的特性,指某事物令人振奋,主语一般是物。
例句:The story is very inspiring.(这个故事非常鼓舞人心。)
② inspired 意为"受到鼓舞的",用来描述人的感受,指人受到激励,主语一般是人。
例句:We felt inspired after hearing his story.(听了他的故事后我们感到深受鼓舞。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. His speech ______ (inspire) us to try our best last week.
【答案】inspired
【详解】句意:上周他的演讲激励我们全力以赴。本题考查 inspire 作动词的用法和一般过去时。由时间标志词 last week 可知,句子用一般过去时,inspire 的过去式是 inspired,意为 “激励;鼓舞”,故填 inspired。
2. The ______ (inspire) story made all of us moved.
【答案】inspiring
【详解】句意:这个鼓舞人心的故事让我们所有人都很感动。本题考查形容词辨析。修饰名词 story 用形容词,story 是事物,描述事物 “令人振奋的” 用 inspiring,故填 inspiring。
3. We all felt ______ (inspire) after hearing his experience.
【答案】inspired
【详解】句意:听了他的经历后,我们都感到深受鼓舞。本题考查形容词辨析。主语是人,表达人的主观感受,用 inspired 表示 “受到鼓舞的”,故填 inspired。
2. Who do we admire?我们崇拜谁?
What made Zhong Yang admirable?是什么让钟扬令人钦佩?
(1)admire
【用法讲解】
admire 作动词,意为"钦佩;赞赏;仰慕"。
例句:I really admire people who work so hard.(我真的很钦佩那些工作如此努力的人。)
【词形变化】
admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏(由"admire + 名词后缀-ation"构成。)
admirable adj. 令人钦佩的;值得赞赏的(由"admire + 形容词后缀-able"构成。)
admirer n. 钦佩者;仰慕者(由"admire + 表示人的后缀-er"构成。)
【常用结构】
① admire sb. for sth.(因某事而钦佩某人)
例句:We admire her for her courage.(我们钦佩她的勇气。)
②It is admirable that...(……令人钦佩)
例句:It is admirable that she helped so many people.(她帮助了那么多人,令人钦佩。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It is ______ (admire) that he keeps helping others for ten years.
【答案】admirable
【详解】句意:他坚持帮助别人十年,真令人钦佩。本题考查形容词用法。句型 It is + 形容词 + that 从句中,需用形容词作表语;admire 的形容词形式是 admirable,意为 “令人钦佩的”,故填 admirable。
二、完成句子
1. 我们因他的善良而钦佩他。
We ______ him ______ his kindness.
【答案】admire; for
【详解】句意:我们因他的善良而钦佩他。本题考查固定短语 admire sb. for sth.。主语 We 是复数,用一般现在时,动词用原形,故填 admire; for。
3. Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist. Faraday早年辍学,但抓住每一个学习机会,最终成为了一名伟大的科学家。
(1)drop out (of sth)
【用法讲解】
① drop out (of sth) 意为"退学;辍学"。
例句:He dropped out of school at the age of sixteen.(他十六岁时辍学了。)
② drop out 还可以表示"退出;放弃",指不再参加某项活动或比赛。
例句:Several runners dropped out of the race.(几名赛跑选手退出了比赛。)
【常用结构】
① drop out of school/college(退学/从大学辍学)
例句:She dropped out of college to start her own business.(她从大学辍学去创业了。)
② drop out of the competition/race(退出比赛)
例句:He had to drop out of the competition because of injury.(他因伤不得不退出比赛。)
【易混短语辨析】
① drop out 意为"退出;辍学",强调中途放弃。
例句:He dropped out before finishing the course.(他在课程结束前退出了。)
② drop off 意为"掉落;减少;让某人下车"。
例句:Please drop me off at the station.(请在车站让我下车。)
③ drop by 意为"顺便拜访"。
例句:Feel free to drop by anytime.(随时欢迎顺便来坐坐。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. He had to ______ of the race because of his leg injury.
A. drop out B. drop off C. drop by D. drop down
【答案】A
【详解】句意:因为腿伤,他不得不退出比赛。本题考查动词短语辨析。drop out of 意为 “退出”,符合语境;drop off 减少、让某人下车;drop by 顺便拜访;drop down 落下。故选 A。
2. The poor boy dropped ______ school when he was 14.
A. out B. out of C. off D. by
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个贫穷的男孩 14 岁时辍学了。本题考查固定短语 drop out of school,意为 “辍学”,是固定搭配,故选 B。
4. Florence Nightingale volunteered as a nurse to help the wounded soldiers.弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔志愿担任护士,帮助受伤的士兵。
(1)wounded
【用法讲解】
wounded 作形容词,意为"受伤的",尤指在战争或战斗中受伤。
例句:The wounded soldier was taken to the hospital.(受伤的士兵被送往了医院。)
the wounded指"伤员"(“the +形容词”表示一类人)。
例句:The wounded were sent to the nearest hospital.(伤员们被送往最近的医院。)
【词形变化】
wound v./n. 使受伤;伤口(wounded去掉后缀-ed。)
【易混词辨析】wounded、injured与hurt
① wounded 意为"受伤的",多指在战争或战斗中被武器所伤。
例句:The wounded soldiers needed medical help.(受伤的士兵们需要医疗救助。)
② injured 意为"受伤的",多指在事故、运动等中受伤。
例句:Three people were injured in the car accident.(三个人在车祸中受伤了。)
③ hurt 意为"使受伤;疼痛",用法较广泛,可指身体或感情上的伤害。
例句:She hurt her leg while playing basketball.(她打篮球时伤了腿。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Three people were ______ in the car accident.
A. wounded B. injured C. hurt D. broken
【答案】B
【详解】句意:三个人在车祸中受了伤。本题考查近义词辨析。injured 多指在事故、运动中受伤,符合车祸的语境;wounded 多指战争中被武器所伤;hurt 多指身体疼痛或感情伤害。故选 B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ______ (wound) soldier was saved by the doctor.
【答案】wounded
【详解】句意:这位受伤的士兵被医生救了。本题考查形容词用法。修饰名词 soldier 用形容词,wounded 意为 “受伤的”,尤指战斗中受伤,故填 wounded。
5. ... helped us understand the need for cleaner / better hospitals to stop the spread of diseases. ......帮助我们认识到,为了阻止疾病的传播,我们需要更清洁、更好的医院。
(1)spread
【用法讲解】
① spread 作动词,意为"传播;蔓延"。
例句:The news spread quickly through the village.(消息很快传遍了村庄。)
② spread 还可以意为"展开;铺开"。
例句:She spread the map on the table.(她把地图摊在桌子上。)
③ spread 也可以作名词,意为"传播;蔓延"。
例句:The spread of the disease worried everyone.(疾病的传播让所有人担忧。)
【常用结构】
① spread out(展开;散开)
例句:The crowd spread out across the square.(人群在广场上散开了。)
② spread the news/information(传播消息/信息)
例句:Don't spread the news to others.(不要把消息传给别人。)
【易错点】
spread 是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均为spread,不加-ed。
(2)disease
【用法讲解】
disease 作名词,意为"疾病;病"。
例句:This disease can spread from person to person.(这种疾病可以在人与人之间传播。)
【常用结构】
① catch a disease(染上疾病)
例句:He caught a rare disease during his trip.(他在旅途中染上了一种罕见的疾病。)
② cure a disease(治愈疾病)
例句:Scientists are working hard to cure this disease.(科学家们正在努力治愈这种疾病。)
③ prevent disease(s)(预防疾病)
例句:Good hygiene can help prevent disease.(良好的卫生习惯有助于预防疾病。)
【常见短语】
infectious disease(传染病)
heart disease(心脏病)
【易混词辨析】disease与illness
① disease 意为"疾病",通常指具体的、可诊断的疾病,尤其是传染病或严重的病。
例句:He is suffering from a serious disease.(他患了一种严重的疾病。)
② illness 意为"疾病;生病",含义较广泛,指身体不适或生病的状态。
例句:She was absent from school because of illness.(她因为生病没来上学。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Scientists are trying their best to cure this kind of ______.
A. illness B. disease C. sick D. sadness
【答案】B
【详解】句意:科学家们正尽全力治愈这种疾病。本题考查名词辨析。disease 指具体的、可诊断的疾病,尤其是严重的病,符合 “治愈具体疾病” 的语境;illness 泛指生病的状态。故选 B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ______ (spread) of the virus made everyone worried.
【答案】spread
【详解】句意:病毒的传播让所有人都很担忧。本题考查 spread 作名词的用法。定冠词 The 后接名词,spread 作不可数名词,意为 “传播;蔓延”,故填 spread。
2. The fire ______ (spread) fast because of the strong wind last night.
【答案】spread
【详解】句意:昨晚因为大风,火势蔓延得很快。本题考查 spread 的过去式。由 last night 可知用一般过去时,spread 的过去式是 spread,故填 spread。
三、完成句子
1. 人群在广场上散开了。
The crowd ______ ______ across the square.
【答案】spread out
【详解】句意:人群在广场上散开了。本题考查固定短语 spread out。spread out 意为 “展开;散开”,句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,spread 的过去式是 spread,故填 spread out。
6. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.他在东西方之间创造了一种完美的平衡。
(1)balance
【用法讲解】
① balance 作名词,意为"平衡;均衡"。
例句:It is important to keep a balance between work and rest.(在工作和休息之间保持平衡很重要。)
② balance 还可以作动词,意为"使平衡;权衡"。
例句:You need to balance the two choices carefully.(你需要仔细权衡这两个选择。)
【常用结构】
① keep/lose one's balance(保持/失去平衡)
例句:She lost her balance and fell down.(她失去平衡摔倒了。)
② keep a balance between A and B(在A和B之间保持平衡)
例句:We should keep a balance between study and play.(我们应该在学习和玩耍之间保持平衡。)
③ on balance(总的说来;权衡之后)
例句:On balance, I think it was a good decision.(总的说来,我认为那是个好决定。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. She lost her ______ and fell off the bike.
A. balance B. balanced C. balancing D. balances
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她失去平衡,从自行车上摔了下来。本题考查固定短语 lose one’s balance,意为 “失去平衡”,balance 作不可数名词,故选 A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. A ______ (balance) diet is good for our health.
【答案】balanced
【详解】句意:均衡的饮食对我们的健康有益。本题考查形容词用法。修饰名词 diet 用形容词,balanced 意为 “均衡的;平衡的”,故填 balanced。
7. She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气和智慧。
(1)courage
【用法讲解】
courage 作名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。
例句:She showed great courage during the earthquake.(她在地震中表现出了巨大的勇气。)
【词形变化】
courageous adj. 勇敢的;有胆量的(由"courage + 形容词后缀-ous"构成。)
encourage v. 鼓励(由"courage + 前缀en-"构成。)
discourage v. 使泄气;劝阻(由"courage + 前缀dis-"构成。)
【常用结构】
① have the courage to do sth.(有勇气做某事)
例句:He had the courage to admit his mistake.(他有勇气承认自己的错误。)
② take courage(鼓起勇气)
例句:Take courage and try again.(鼓起勇气再试一次。)
【常见短语】
lose courage(丧失勇气)
(2)wisdom
【用法讲解】
wisdom 作名词,意为"智慧;才智"。
例句:The old man is known for his wisdom.(这位老人以智慧著称。)
【词形变化】
wise adj. 聪明的;明智的(wisdom去掉后缀-dom。)
wisely adv. 明智地(由"wise + 副词后缀-ly"构成。)
【常用结构】
① words of wisdom(至理名言;智慧之言)
例句:My grandfather always shared his words of wisdom with me.(我爷爷总是与我分享他的智慧之言。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. He had the courage ______ his mistake in front of the whole class.
A. admit B. to admit C. admitting D. admitted
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他有勇气在全班面前承认自己的错误。本题考查固定结构 have the courage to do sth.,意为 “有勇气做某事”,后接动词不定式,故选 B。
2. The old man is known for his ______ and kindness.
A. wise B. wisdom C. wisely D. wiser
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这位老人以他的智慧和善良著称。本题考查名词用法。形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词,wisdom 是不可数名词,意为 “智慧;才智”,故选 B。
二、完成句子
1. 鼓起勇气,再试一次。
______ ______ and try again.
【答案】Take courage
【详解】句意:鼓起勇气,再试一次。本题考查固定短语 take courage,意为 “鼓起勇气”,祈使句用动词原形,句首首字母大写,故填 Take courage。
2. 他的话里充满了至理名言。
His words are full of ______ ______ ______.
【答案】words of wisdom
【详解】句意:他的话里充满了至理名言。本题考查固定短语 words of wisdom,意为 “至理名言;智慧之言”,故填 words of wisdom。
8. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to?你呢,亚当?你崇拜谁?
(1)look up to sb
【用法讲解】
look up to sb 意为"尊敬;敬仰(某人)"。
例句:Children usually look up to their parents.(孩子们通常尊敬他们的父母。)
【易混短语辨析】look up to 与 look down on/upon
① look up to sb 意为"尊敬;敬仰某人",表示对某人的正面情感。
例句:I have always looked up to my older sister.(我一直很敬仰我的姐姐。)
② look down on/upon sb 意为"轻视;看不起某人",表示对某人的负面态度。
例句:You shouldn't look down on people who have less money than you.(你不应该看不起比你钱少的人。)
【易错点】
look up to 中的 to 是介词,后面接名词或代词作宾语,不能接动词不定式。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. All the students look up ______ their head teacher.
A. at B. for C. to D. on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有学生都尊敬他们的班主任。本题考查固定短语 look up to sb.,意为 “尊敬;敬仰某人”,故选 C。
二、完成句子
1. 年轻人通常敬仰英雄。
Young people usually ______ ______ ______ heroes.
【答案】look up to
【详解】句意:年轻人通常敬仰英雄。本题考查固定短语 look up to。主语 Young people 是复数,用一般现在时,动词用原形,故填 look up to。
9. It was really brave and admirable that he never forgot his task, and his travel also brought back valuable information about the Western Regions.他从未忘记自己的使命,这是很勇敢且令人钦佩的,他的旅程还带回了关于西域的宝贵信息。
(1)brave
【用法讲解】
①brave 作形容词,意为"勇敢的;无畏的"。
例句:The brave firefighter saved the little girl from the fire.(勇敢的消防员从火中救出了小女孩。)
② 作动词,意为"勇敢面对;经受(困难)"。
例句:St George braved the dragon.圣乔治勇敢面对那条龙。
【词形变化】
bravely adv. 勇敢地(由"brave + 副词后缀-ly"构成。)
bravery n. 勇敢;英勇(由"brave + 名词后缀-ry"构成。)
【常用结构】
① be brave enough to do sth.(足够勇敢去做某事)
例句:He was brave enough to speak in front of the whole school.(他足够勇敢,在全校师生面前发言。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The ______ girl saved the little dog from the cold river.
A. brave B. bravely C. bravery D. braver
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个勇敢的女孩从冰冷的河里救出了小狗。本题考查形容词用法。修饰名词 girl 用形容词,brave 意为 “勇敢的;无畏的”,故选 A。
2. He was brave enough ______ the bad man alone.
A. face B. to face C. facing D. faced
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他足够勇敢,独自面对坏人。本题考查固定结构 be brave enough to do sth.,意为 “足够勇敢去做某事”,后接动词不定式,故选 B。
10. It is necessary for us to listen to our teacher's advice.我们有必要听取老师的建议。
(1)necessary
【用法讲解】
necessary 作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。
例句:It is necessary for us to learn a foreign language.(对我们来说学习一门外语是必要的。)
【词形变化】
necessarily adv. 必然地;不可避免地(由"necessary + 副词后缀-ly"构成。)
unnecessary adj. 不必要的;多余的(由"necessary + 否定前缀un-"构成。)
【常用结构】
① It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是必要的)
例句:It is necessary for you to finish your homework first.(你必须先完成作业。)
② if necessary(如果有必要)
例句:I can work on Sunday if necessary.(如果有必要,我可以在星期天工作。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. It is necessary ______ us ______ enough sleep every day.
A. for; get B. of; to get C. for; to get D. of; get
【答案】C
【详解】句意:对我们来说,每天有充足的睡眠是必要的。本题考查固定句型 It is necessary for sb. to do sth.。necessary 是描述事情属性的形容词,用 for 引出人物,后接动词不定式作真正主语,故选 C。
二、完成句子
1. 如果有必要,我会帮你的。
I will help you ______ ______.
【答案】if necessary
【详解】句意:如果有必要,我会帮你的。本题考查固定短语 if necessary,意为 “如果有必要”,故填 if necessary。
三、Section B部分语篇预习:
Section B, 1b
The Inspiring Seed Scientist
On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China's seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever.
Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University.
It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work.
Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China.
Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, "My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now."
令人敬佩的种子科学家
2017年9月25日,中国教授钟扬因车祸离世的消息震惊了科学界。这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于植物与种子研究。多年来,他为中国的种子库收集了大量重要种子。这些种子库保护各类植物种子,包括粮食作物种子,确保重要植物不会从地球上永久消失。
钟扬生于1964年,年少时就对所学事物怀有深厚热爱与好奇心。他成绩优异,15岁就考入大学,大学期间学习无线电工程,后来对植物产生兴趣。成为复旦大学教授后,植物尤其是种子的研究成为他一生的重心。
种子库需要收录多种多样的种子,这一点至关重要。钟扬发现西藏地区的种子研究不足时,亲自前往西藏收集种子。2001年,他开始走遍西藏。克服严寒与高海拔的困难对他来说异常艰辛,他有时会生病,但始终坚持工作。
钟扬明白,重要的工作需要更多人参与。他发起项目,发掘并培养当地学生从事野外研究,成为科研工作者。他和团队一共收集了约1000种植物的4000多万粒种子,他们的努力为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的全新资料。
钟扬留下的不只是海量种子收藏,他对工作与研究的热爱在学生身上延续。他曾说:“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上,我们收集的种子或许在数百年后会生根发芽。”
Section B, 3a
To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi (about 468-376 BCE). It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker.
Mozi lived during the Warring States Period. Back then, many kingdoms were fighting against each other. In these wars, the common people were always hurt. To Mozi, this had to stop, so he spent his life trying to bring peace.
His idea of love was one reason that Mozi wanted peace. It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. He also believed states should avoid attacking one another.
Though Mozi lived more than 2,000 years ago, his ideas live on. I think he is still a great inspiration to many people. Now, more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of peace and love, and work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind.
对我而言,中国历史上最鼓舞人心的人物之一是墨子(约公元前468 -前376年)。据说墨子曾是武士,擅长木工,还是风筝的发明者。但事实上,他首先是一位伟大的思想家。
墨子生活在战国时期,当时各国战乱不休,百姓总是深受其害。在墨子看来,这一切必须停止,因此他毕生致力于追求和平。
兼爱的思想是墨子倡导和平的原因之一。他认为,每个人都应平等地关爱他人,无论对方是家人、朋友还是陌生人,这一点至关重要。他还主张各国不应互相攻伐。
尽管墨子生活在两千多年前,但他的思想流传至今。我认为他依然激励着许多人。如今,全世界人民比以往任何时候都更需要聆听和平与兼爱的理念,携手共建人类命运共同体。
四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. Professor Gui's childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work.桂教授儿时成为太空科学家的梦想,通过他的不懈努力和辛勤工作得以实现。
(1)come true
【用法讲解】
come true 意为"(梦想、愿望等)实现;成为现实",主语通常是 dream, wish, hope 等表示愿望的名词。
例句:His dream of becoming a doctor has finally come true.(他成为一名医生的梦想终于实现了。)
【易混短语辨析】come true 与 realize
① come true 意为"实现",是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态,主语是事物(如梦想、愿望)。
例句:I hope your wish will come true.(我希望你的愿望能实现。)
② realize 意为"实现",是及物动词,主语通常是人,且可以用于被动语态。
例句:He realized his dream of becoming a doctor.(他实现了成为医生的梦想。)
【易错点】
come true 没有被动语态,主语通常是 dream, wish, hope 等表示愿望的名词。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. His dream of being a writer ______ at last.
A. came true B. realized C. come true D. realize
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他成为作家的梦想终于实现了。本题考查 come true 的用法。come true 意为 “实现”,是不及物动词短语,主语是事物(梦想、愿望),没有被动语态;句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,come 的过去式是 came,故选 A。
二、完成句子
1. 我希望你的愿望能实现。
I hope your wish will ______ ______.
【答案】come true
【详解】句意:我希望你的愿望能实现。本题考查固定短语 come true。will 后接动词原形,故填 come true。
2. On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. 2017年9月25日,中国教授钟扬因车祸去世的消息震惊了科学界。
(1)scientific
【用法讲解】
scientific 作形容词,意为"科学的;关于科学的"。
例句:We need to find a scientific way to solve this problem.(我们需要找到一种科学的方法来解决这个问题。)
【词形变化】
science n. 科学(scientific去掉后缀-ific,加-ence。)
scientist n. 科学家(由"science + 表示人的后缀-tist"构成。)
【常见短语】
scientific research(科学研究)
scientific method(科学方法)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (science) research is very important for the development of our country.
【答案】Scientific
【详解】句意:科学研究对我们国家的发展非常重要。本题考查形容词用法。修饰名词 research 用形容词,scientific 意为 “科学的”,句首首字母大写,故填 Scientific。
2. My brother wants to be a ______ (science) when he grows up.
【答案】scientist
【详解】句意:我哥哥长大后想当一名科学家。本题考查名词辨析。表示 “科学家” 用 scientist,前面有 a,用单数形式,故填 scientist。
二、完成句子
1. 我们应该用科学的方法做实验。
We should do experiments with ______ ______.
【答案】scientific methods
【详解】句意:我们应该用科学的方法做实验。本题考查形容词 scientific 的用法。scientific 修饰名词 methods,意为 “科学方法”,故填 scientific methods。
3. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于植物和种子研究。
(1)whole
【用法讲解】
① whole 作形容词,意为"全部的;整体的;完整的"。
例句:He ate the whole cake by himself.(他自己把整个蛋糕都吃了。)
② whole 也可以作名词,意为"全部;整体"。
例句:The whole of the city was covered in snow.(整座城市都被雪覆盖了。)
【常用结构】
① the whole + 单数名词(整个……)
例句:She stayed at home the whole day.(她一整天都待在家里。)
② as a whole(总体上;作为一个整体)
例句:The project as a whole was a success.(这个项目总体上是成功的。)
【易混词辨析】whole与all
① whole 意为"整个的",强调没有遗漏或残缺,通常与定冠词 the 连用,修饰单数可数名词,结构为 "the whole + 名词"。
例句:I read the whole book in one day.(我一天读完了整本书。)
② all 意为"所有的;全部的",可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,结构为 "all (the) + 名词"。
例句:All the students passed the exam.(所有的学生都通过了考试。)
【易错点】
表示"一整天"时,可以说 the whole day 或 all day,但不能说 the all day。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. He spent ______ day doing his homework.
A. the whole B. whole the C. all the D. the all
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他花了一整天做作业。本题考查 whole 的用法。whole 修饰单数可数名词,结构为 “the whole + 名词”;the whole day 意为 “一整天”,故选 A。
二、完成句子
1. 总体来说,这次活动很成功。
The activity was a success ______ ______ ______.
【答案】as a whole
【详解】句意:总体来说,这次活动很成功。本题考查固定短语 as a whole,意为 “总体上;作为一个整体”,故填 as a whole。
4. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever.这些特殊的银行保护着各种各样的植物种子,包括我们所需的食物来源,并确保重要的植物不会永远从世界上消失。
(1)forever
【用法讲解】
forever 作副词,意为"永远;始终",表示时间上没有尽头。
例句:I will remember your kindness forever.(我会永远记住你的善良。)
【常用结构】
① live forever(永远活着;流芳百世)
例句:His spirit will live forever in our hearts.(他的精神将永远活在我们心中。)
【易混词辨析】forever与for ever
在现代英语中,forever 和 for ever 意思相同,都表示"永远"。但在美国英语中,通常拼写为一个词 forever;在英国英语中,两者皆可,但 for ever 更正式。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The hero’s spirit will live ______ in people’s hearts.
A. on B. forever C. together D. along
【答案】B
【详解】句意:英雄的精神将永远活在人们心中。本题考查副词 forever 的用法。forever 意为 “永远;始终”,修饰动词 live,符合语境,故选 B。
二、完成句子
1. 友谊地久天长。
Friendship lasts ______.
【答案】forever
【详解】句意:友谊地久天长。本题考查副词 forever 的用法。forever 意为 “永远”,修饰动词 lasts,作时间状语,故填 forever。
5. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds.钟扬留下的不仅仅是一大批种子。
(1)leave behind
【用法讲解】
① leave behind 意为"留下;遗留",指离开时把某物留在某处,或指留下某种影响、传统等。
例句:Please don't leave your trash behind.(请不要留下你的垃圾。)
② leave behind 还可以意为"把……抛在后面;超过"。
例句:The fast runner left the others far behind.(跑得快的选手把其他人远远抛在后面。)
【常用结构】
① leave sb./sth. behind(把某人/某物留下/抛在后面)
例句:He left his umbrella behind on the train.(他把伞落在火车上了。)
【易混短语辨析】leave behind 与 leave out
① leave behind 意为"留下;遗留;抛在后面"。
例句:She left her old life behind and started anew.(她抛弃了旧生活,重新开始。)
② leave out 意为"遗漏;省略;不包括"。
例句:Don't leave out any important details.(不要遗漏任何重要细节。)
(2)collection
【用法讲解】
collection 作名词,意为"收藏品;收集物"。
例句:He has a large collection of stamps.(他有大量的邮票收藏品。)
【词形变化】
collect v. 收集;收藏(collection去掉后缀-ion。)
collector n. 收藏家;收集者(由"collect + 表示人的后缀-or"构成。)
【常用结构】
① a collection of...(一批……;……的收藏品)
例句:The museum has a fine collection of modern art.(这家博物馆有一批精美的现代艺术收藏品。)
【常见短语】
stamp collection(集邮)
data collection(数据收集)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Don’t ______ your things ______ when you get off the bus.
A. leave; out B. leave; behind C. leave; off D. leave; for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下车的时候别把你的东西落下。本题考查动词短语辨析。leave behind 意为 “留下;遗留”,符合语境;leave out 遗漏;leave off 停止;leave for 动身去。故选 B。
三、完成句子
1. 他把雨伞落在火车上了。
He ______ his umbrella ______ on the train.
【答案】left; behind
【详解】句意:他把雨伞落在火车上了。本题考查固定短语 leave sth. behind。句子描述过去的动作,用一般过去时,leave 的过去式是 left,故填 left; behind。
2. 集邮是我的爱好之一。
______ ______ is one of my hobbies.
【答案】Stamp collection
【详解】句意:集邮是我的爱好之一。本题考查固定短语 stamp collection,意为 “集邮”,句首首字母大写,故填 Stamp collection。
6. His love for his job and research lives on in his students.他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上得以延续。
(1)live on
【用法讲解】
① live on 意为"靠……生活;以……为主食"。
例句:Pandas live on bamboo.(熊猫以竹子为主食。)
② live on 还可以意为"继续活着;继续存在"。
例句:His music will live on forever.(他的音乐将永远流传下去。)
【常用结构】
① live on sth.(靠某物生活)
例句:They live on a small farm in the country.(他们靠乡下的小农场生活。)
【易混短语辨析】live on 与 live by
① live on 意为"靠……生活",后接食物或金钱等具体维持生活的资源。
例句:He lives on his pension.(他靠养老金生活。)
② live by 意为"靠……为生",后接谋生的手段或方式。
例句:He lives by writing.(他靠写作为生。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Pandas mainly live ______ bamboo.
A. by B. on C. in D. with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:熊猫主要以竹子为食。本题考查固定短语 live on,意为 “以…… 为主食;靠…… 生活”,后接食物,故选 B。
二、完成句子
1. 他的精神将永远长存。
His spirit will ______ ______ forever.
【答案】live on
【详解】句意:他的精神将永远长存。本题考查固定短语 live on。live on 意为 “继续存在;继续活着”,will 后接动词原形,故填 live on。
7. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker.但事实上,他首先是一位伟大的思想家。
(1)above all
【用法讲解】
above all 意为"首先;最重要的是",用于强调在所有事物中某一点是最关键的。
例句:Above all, you must be honest.(最重要的是,你必须诚实。)
【易混短语辨析】above all 与 after all
① above all 意为"最重要的是;首先",强调首要性。
例句:He is smart and, above all, hardworking.(他很聪明,最重要的是,他很努力。)
② after all 意为"毕竟;终究",用于补充说明理由或表示结果与预期不同。
例句:Don't be too hard on him; he is just a child after all.(别对他太苛刻,他毕竟只是个孩子。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. ______, you must keep safe when you travel.
A. After all B. Above all C. In all D. At all
【答案】B
【详解】句意:最重要的是,你旅行的时候一定要注意安全。本题考查短语辨析。above all 意为 “首先;最重要的是”,强调首要性,符合语境;after all 毕竟;in all 总共;at all 根本。故选 B。
2. Don’t blame him. ______, he is just a child.
A. Above all B. After all C. In all D. For all
【答案】B
【详解】句意:别怪他,毕竟他只是个孩子。本题考查短语辨析。after all 意为 “毕竟;终究”,用于补充说明理由,符合语境,故选 B。
8. Mozi lived during the Warring States Period.墨子生活在战国时期。
(1)period
【用法讲解】
① period 作名词,意为"时期;阶段"。
例句:The Renaissance was a very important period in European history.(文艺复兴是欧洲历史上一个非常重要的时期。)
② period 还可以意为"(一)节课;学时"。
例句:We have English in the first period.(我们第一节课上英语。)
【常用结构】
① a period of time(一段时间)
例句:He stayed in Paris for a long period of time.(他在巴黎待了很长一段时间。)
【常见短语】
historical period(历史时期)
transition period(过渡期)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The Spring and Autumn Period was an important ______ in Chinese history.
A. time B. period C. age D. day
【答案】B
【详解】句意:春秋时期是中国历史上一个重要的时期。本题考查名词辨析。period 意为 “时期;阶段”,historical period 是常用搭配,故选 B。
三、完成句子
1. 他在国外住了一段时间。
He lived abroad for ______ ______ ______ time.
【答案】a period of
【详解】句意:他在国外住了一段时间。本题考查固定短语 a period of time,意为 “一段时间”,故填 a period of。
9. It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers.对他而言,重要的是每个人都应该对其他人展现出同样的善意和关怀,无论对方是家人、朋友还是陌生人。
(1)kindness
【用法讲解】
kindness 作名词,意为"仁慈;善良;好意"。
例句:Thank you for your kindness and help.(感谢你的好心与帮助。)
【词形变化】
kind adj. 善良的;友好的(kindness去掉后缀-ness。)
【常用结构】
① out of kindness(出于好意)
例句:She helped the old man out of kindness.(她出于好意帮助了那位老人。)
② do sb. a kindness(帮某人一个忙;对某人行善)
例句:He did me a great kindness by lending me the money.(他借钱给我,帮了我一个大忙。)
(2)whether
【用法讲解】
whether 作连词,意为"是否",用于引导名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句等)。
例句:I don't know whether he will come tomorrow.(我不知道他明天是否会来。)
【常用结构】
① whether... or...(是……还是……;不管……还是……)
例句:I don't care whether it rains or shines.(我不管下雨还是晴天。)
② whether or not(是否)
例句:We need to decide whether or not to go.(我们需要决定是否要去。)
【易混词辨析】whether与if
① whether 和 if 在引导宾语从句表示"是否"时,通常可以互换。
例句:I wonder if/whether it will rain.(我想知道是否会下雨。)
② 但在以下情况中只能用 whether,不能用 if:
· 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时;
· 与 or not 紧连时(whether or not);
· 在介词后作宾语时;后接动词不定式时(whether to do)。
例句:It depends on whether we have enough time.(这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。)(介词后只能用whether)
例句:I haven't decided whether to go.(我还没决定是否要去。)(接不定式只能用whether)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Thank you for your ______ and help.
A. kind B. kindness C. kindly D. kinder
【答案】B
【详解】句意:感谢你的好意和帮助。本题考查名词用法。形容词性物主代词 your 后接名词,kindness 意为 “仁慈;善良;好意”,是不可数名词,故选 B。
2. It depends on ______ we have enough time.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。本题考查 whether 的用法。介词后接宾语从句表示 “是否” 时,只能用 whether,不能用 if,故选 B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The old man is always ______ (kindness) to children.
【答案】kind
【详解】句意:这位老人对孩子们总是很和蔼。本题考查形容词用法。be kind to sb. 是固定搭配,意为 “对某人和蔼”,此处用形容词 kind 作表语,故填 kind。
三、完成句子
1. 不管晴雨,我们都要去。
We will go ______ it rains ______ shines.
【答案】whether; or
【详解】句意:不管晴雨,我们都要去。本题考查固定结构 whether... or...,意为 “是…… 还是……;不管…… 还是……”,故填 whether; or。
五、单元重点语法知识解析:
一、It is/was ... (for/of sb.) to do ...的用法
1. 句型结构分析:
该句型中it是形式主语,无实际语义,句子中真正主语是动词不定式“to do ...”,be动词通常用单数形式,
该句型中可以用for/of 来引出人物。
2. 句型的意义:
· 如果不用for/of 引出sb.,句型的意义为“做某事......(省略的部分用形容词,对不定式动作进行评价)”。
· 用for引出 sb.,这时句子侧重点是强调“事情”,重点不在人,这时形容词多是对“事情”进行评价的一些词,如:important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, possible, impossible, dangerous等。
· 用of 引出sb.,这时句子侧重点是强调“人本身的品质/性格”,重点在评价人,这时形容词多是对“人”进行评价的一些词,如:kind, nice, good, polite, wise, clever, silly, stupid, careless, rude, wrong等。
例:It is important for us to keep healthy.对我们来说,保持健康很重要。(重点在“保持健康这件事”。)
It is difficult for him to finish the work today.对他而言,今天完成这项工作很难。
It is dangerous for children to swim alone.孩子独自游泳很危险。(重点在于评价“孩子独自游泳”这件事)
It is kind of you to help me.你真好,帮我忙。(重点在评价人的品质)
It is stupid of him to believe such a lie.他真蠢,竟然相信这种谎话。(重点在评价人的品质)
It was careless of her to leave the door unlocked.她太粗心了,居然没锁门。(重点在评价人的性格)
3. 变否定
句型整体否定在 be 动词后加 not(It is not + adj. + to do);否定不定式动作时将 not 置于 to 前。
例:It is unnecessary for you to go there.你没必要去那儿。
二、It is/was+形容词+ that从句的用法
1. 句型结构分析:
该句型中it是形式主语,无实际语义,句子中真正主语是后面的that从句,句型中be动词通常用单数形式,
that是从属连词,只起“把从句绑进来”的作用,无实际意义。
2. 句型的意义:
该句型是对that从句表达的内容进行评价或说明,意为“...是...”
例:It is clear that he is lying.很明显,他在撒谎。
It is surprising that she got full marks.她拿了满分,真让人吃惊。
It is important that we follow the rules.我们遵守规则很重要。
3. 变否定
变否定直接在is/was后加not。
例:It is not true that he stole the money.说他偷钱,这不是真的。
It wasn’t surprising that they lost.他们输了,并不让人意外。
4. 该句型中也可用for来引出句子描述的情况针对或适用的对象。
例:It is important for us that the plan works.计划能成功,这对我们很重要。
It is hard for him that he must leave.他必须离开,这对他很艰难。
【拓展句型】
1. It takes … to do …
例:It takes time for beginners to speak English well.初学者要讲好英语需要时间。
2. It + be + 名词短语 + to do sth.
例:It is a pity to miss the concert.错过这场音乐会真是遗憾。
3. It + 不及物动词 + that从句
例:It happened that I met my old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老朋友。
4. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
例:It is said that he has gone to Beijing.据说他已经去北京了。
5. It + be + 名词 + that从句
例: It is a pity that you can’t come to the party.你不能来参加聚会,真可惜。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. It’s important ______ us ______ English well.
A. for; learn B. of; to learn C. for; to learn D. of; learn
【答案】C
【详解】句意:对我们来说学好英语很重要。本题考查 It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 句型。important 是描述事情属性的形容词,用 for 引出人物;it 作形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式 to learn English,故选 C。
2. It’s very kind ______ you ______ help me.
A. for; to B. of; to C. for; / D. of; /
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能帮我真是太好了。本题考查 It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. 句型。kind 是描述人的品质的形容词,用 of 引出人物,后接动词不定式,故选 B。
3. ______ is clear that he is telling the truth.
A. This B. That C. It D. What
【答案】C
【详解】句意:很明显他说的是实话。本题考查 It 作形式主语的主语从句。句型 It is + 形容词 + that 从句中,it 作形式主语,真正主语是后面的 that 从句,故选 C。
4. It’s important ______ we should protect the environment.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们应该保护环境,这很重要。本题考查主语从句的引导词。It is + 形容词 + that 从句中,that 是从属连词,只起连接作用,无实际意义,故选 A。
5. It ______ me two hours to finish my homework yesterday.
A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
【答案】A
【详解】句意:昨天我花了两个小时完成作业。本题考查固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.,意为 “做某事花费某人多长时间”。由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时,take 的过去式是 took,故选 A。
二、选词填空(用 for 或 of 填空)
1. It’s dangerous ______ children to swim alone.
2. It’s silly ______ him to make such a mistake.
3. It’s necessary ______ us to keep the classroom clean.
4. It’s polite ______ you to greet the old.
【答案】1. for 2. of 3. for 4. of
【详解】1. 句意:孩子独自游泳很危险。本题考查介词辨析。dangerous 是描述事情的形容词,用 for 引出动作的对象,故填 for。
2. 句意:他犯这种错误真蠢。本题考查介词辨析。silly 是描述人的性格的形容词,用 of 引出逻辑主语,故填 of。
3. 句意:对我们来说保持教室干净是必要的。本题考查介词辨析。necessary 是描述事情的形容词,用 for,故填 for。
4. 句意:你和老人打招呼,真有礼貌。本题考查介词辨析。polite 是描述人的品质的形容词,用 of,故填 of。
三、完成句子
1. To learn a foreign language is useful.(改为同义句)
______ ______ useful ______ ______ a foreign language.
【答案】It is; to learn
【详解】句意:学一门外语是有用的。本题考查 It 作形式主语的句型。不定式作主语可转换为 It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 结构,it 作形式主语,真正主语后置,故填 It is; to learn。
2. That he passed the exam is surprising.(改为同义句)
______ ______ surprising ______ he passed the exam.
【答案】It is; that
【详解】句意:他通过了考试,真让人吃惊。本题考查 It 作形式主语的主语从句。that 从句作主语可转换为 It is + 形容词 + that 从句结构,it 作形式主语,故填 It is; that。
3. 错过这场电影真可惜。
______ ______ a pity ______ miss the movie.
【答案】It is; to
【详解】句意:错过这场电影真可惜。本题考查 It is + 名词短语 + to do sth. 句型。it 作形式主语,真正主语是不定式,故填 It is; to。
4. 据说他已经去国外了。
______ ______ ______ that he has gone abroad.
【答案】It is said
【详解】句意:据说他已经去国外了。本题考查固定句型 It is said that...,意为 “据说……”,故填 It is said。
◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练
一、选择题
1. The ______ story made all of us feel ______.
A. inspired; inspiring B. inspiring; inspired
C. inspired; inspired D. inspiring; inspiring
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个鼓舞人心的故事让我们所有人都感到深受鼓舞。本题考查形容词辨析。inspiring 用来描述事物的特性,意为 “鼓舞人心的”,修饰 story;inspired 用来描述人的感受,意为 “受到鼓舞的”,故选 B。
2. I really admire the doctor ______ her courage to fight against the virus.
A. with B. to C. for D. of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我非常钦佩这位医生抗击病毒的勇气。本题考查固定搭配 admire sb. for sth.,意为 “因某事钦佩某人”,故选 C。
3. It is necessary ______ students ______ enough exercise every day.
A. for; to take B. of; to take C. for; take D. of; take
【答案】A
【详解】句意:对学生来说,每天进行足够的锻炼是必要的。本题考查 It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 句型。necessary 描述事情的属性,用 for 引出人物,后接动词不定式作真正主语,故选 A。
4. His dream of being a pilot ______ finally.
A. came true B. realized C. come true D. realize
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他成为飞行员的梦想终于实现了。本题考查 come true 的用法。主语是 dream,用 come true 表示 “实现”,不及物,无被动;句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,come 的过去式是 came,故选 A。
5. ______ is said that the famous writer will visit our school next week.
A. It B. That C. This D. What
【答案】A
【详解】句意:据说这位著名作家下周会来我们学校参观。本题考查固定句型 It is said that...,it 作形式主语,真正主语是 that 从句,故选 A。
6. We should not look down ______ people who are in trouble.
A. to B. on C. at D. for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们不应该看不起处于困境中的人。本题考查固定短语 look down on/upon sb.,意为 “轻视;看不起某人”,故选 B。
7. Pandas live ______ bamboo and they live mainly in Sichuan, China.
A. by B. on C. in D. with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:熊猫以竹子为食,它们主要生活在中国四川。本题考查固定短语 live on,意为 “以…… 为主食”,故选 B。
8. I don’t know ______ he will agree with us or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不知道他是否会同意我们的意见。本题考查 whether 的用法。与 or not 紧连使用时,只能用 whether,不能用 if,故选 B。
9. The fire ______ quickly and soon the whole building was on fire.
A. spread B. spreaded C. spreads D. spreading
【答案】A
【详解】句意:火势蔓延得很快,不久整栋楼都着火了。本题考查 spread 的过去式。spread 是不规则动词,过去式仍为 spread;句子描述过去的事,用一般过去时,故选 A。
10. ______, don’t forget to bring your umbrella.
A. After all B. Above all C. In all D. At all
【答案】B
【详解】句意:最重要的是,别忘了带伞。本题考查短语辨析。above all 意为 “首先;最重要的是”,强调首要提醒的事,符合语境;after all 毕竟,故选 B。
二、填空题
11. The teacher’s words ______ (inspire) all the students to work harder last week.
【答案】inspired
【详解】句意:上周老师的话激励所有学生更加努力学习。本题考查动词时态。由 last week 可知用一般过去时,inspire 的过去式是 inspired,故填 inspired。
12. It is ______ (courage) of the firemen to save people from the fire.
【答案】courageous
【详解】句意:消防员从火中救人,真勇敢。本题考查形容词用法。句型 It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth. 中,需用描述人的品质的形容词;courage 的形容词形式是 courageous,意为 “勇敢的”,故填 courageous。
13. He left his hometown and ______ (leave) his old life behind.
【答案】left
【详解】句意:他离开了家乡,抛下了过去的生活。本题考查动词时态。and 连接并列谓语,left 提示用一般过去时,leave 的过去式是 left,故填 left。
14. The old man is famous for his ______ (wise) and kindness.
【答案】wisdom
【详解】句意:这位老人以他的智慧和善良闻名。本题考查名词用法。形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词,wise 的名词形式是 wisdom,意为 “智慧”,故填 wisdom。
15. You should make a ______ (balance) between study and hobbies.
【答案】balance
【详解】句意:你应该在学习和爱好之间取得平衡。本题考查名词用法。不定冠词 a 后接名词,balance 作名词,意为 “平衡”,故填 balance。
16. It is ______ (necessary) for you to take so many books. You only need one.
【答案】unnecessary
【详解】句意:你没必要带这么多书,你只需要一本。本题考查形容词反义词。根据句意,此处表示 “不必要的”,用 unnecessary,故填 unnecessary。
17. The ______ (spread) of bad information is bad for teenagers.
【答案】spread
【详解】句意:不良信息的传播对青少年有害。本题考查名词用法。定冠词 The 后接名词,spread 作不可数名词,意为 “传播”,故填 spread。
18. My father has a large ______ (collect) of old coins.
【答案】collection
【详解】句意:我爸爸收藏了大量古钱币。本题考查名词用法。a large collection of 意为 “大量的…… 收藏品”,故填 collection。
19. He helped the old lady out of ______ (kind).
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意:他出于好意帮助了这位老太太。本题考查固定短语 out of kindness,意为 “出于好意”;kind 的名词形式是 kindness,故填 kindness。
20. The ______ (whole) class agreed with the plan.
【答案】whole
【详解】句意:全班都同意这个计划。本题考查形容词用法。the whole + 单数名词,意为 “整个……”,故填 whole。
21. It ______ (take) us three hours to get to the top of the mountain yesterday.
【答案】took
【详解】句意:昨天我们花了三个小时到达山顶。本题考查固定句型和时态。句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.;由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时,take 的过去式是 took,故填 took。
22. The wounded soldier fought ______ (brave) against the enemy.
【答案】bravely
【详解】句意:受伤的士兵英勇地与敌人作战。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词 fought 用副词,brave 的副词形式是 bravely,意为 “勇敢地”,故填 bravely。
三、完成句子
23. 我们应该尊敬那些帮助过我们的人。
We should ______ ______ ______ those who have helped us.
【答案】look up to
【详解】句意:我们应该尊敬那些帮助过我们的人。本题考查固定短语 look up to sb.,意为 “尊敬;敬仰某人”;should 后接动词原形,故填 look up to。
24. 总的说来,这次旅行很愉快。
______ ______, the trip was very pleasant.
【答案】On balance
【详解】句意:总的说来,这次旅行很愉快。本题考查固定短语 on balance,意为 “总的说来;权衡之后”;句首首字母大写,故填 On balance。
25. He spent two hours doing his homework.(改为同义句)
______ ______ him two hours ______ ______ his homework.
【答案】It took; to do
【详解】句意:他花了两个小时做作业。本题考查固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.。原句是一般过去时,take 的过去式是 took;it 作形式主语,真正主语是不定式,故填 It took; to do。
26. 如果你足够勇敢,你就能克服困难。
If you are ______ ______ ______ face difficulties, you can get over them.
【答案】brave enough to
【详解】句意:如果你足够勇敢,你就能克服困难。本题考查固定结构 be brave enough to do sth.,意为 “足够勇敢去做某事”,故填 brave enough to。
27. 他辍学去工作来养家。
He ______ ______ ______ school to work and support his family.
【答案】dropped out of
【详解】句意:他辍学去工作来养家。本题考查固定短语 drop out of school,意为 “辍学”。句子描述过去的动作,用一般过去时,drop 的过去式是 dropped,故填 dropped out of。
28. 保持均衡的饮食对健康很重要。
______ ______ important ______ keep a balanced diet.
【答案】It is; to
【详解】句意:保持均衡的饮食对健康很重要。本题考查 It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型。it 作形式主语,真正主语是不定式,故填 It is; to。
29. 我不知道他是否会来。
I don’t know ______ ______ ______ come or not.
【答案】whether he will
【详解】句意:我不知道他是否会来。本题考查 whether 引导的宾语从句。与 or not 搭配用 whether;从句用陈述语序,动作未发生用一般将来时,故填 whether he will。
30. 他的音乐将永远流传下去。
His music will ______ ______ forever.
【答案】live on
【详解】句意:他的音乐将永远流传下去。本题考查固定短语 live on,意为 “继续存在;流传”;will 后接动词原形,故填 live on。
◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练
一、完形填空
Huang Xuhua is a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院院士). He led the design of China’s first nuclear submarines (核潜艇) and got the Medal of the Republic (共和国勋章). He 1 at the age of 99 on Thursday in Wuhan, Hubei Province.
Known as the “Father of China’s nuclear submarines,” Huang spent his whole life on the 2 of China’s nuclear submarine program.
Huang was born on March 12, 1926, in Shanwei, Guangdong Province. After a childhood in the darkness of 3 , he entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1945 to study shipbuilding, hoping to gain the ability to 4 the country.
In 1958, he was chosen to help develop China’s first nuclear submarine. In 1970, thanks to the hard work of Huang and his team, China’s first nuclear submarine was put into use, which 5 better than the first U.S. nuclear submarine built in 1954.
In 2018, Huang got the 6 of “Influential Chinese in the World.” In 2020, he won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖) for his 7 work in science.
Huang put all his 8 into the long-term development of China’s science and technology, 9 in nuclear submarine research. He also cared about helping future generations grow in a healthy way. Huang gave 10 more than 20 million yuan (about 2.74 million dollars) of his earnings to support scientific research, science education programs, and schools.
Huang’s dedication and achievements will always be remembered, inspiring us to work hard and contribute to our country.
1.A.set off B.ran away C.passed away D.died off
2.A.development B.agreement C.movement D.argument
3.A.failure B.war C.study D.friendship
4.A.prevent B.protect C.prepare D.produce
5.A.accepted B.ran C.described D.performed
6.A.challenge B.title C.attention D.chance
7.A.honest B.humorous C.outstanding D.confident
8.A.efforts B.power C.spirits D.thought
9.A.especially B.completely C.actually D.generally
10.A.away B.off C.out D.up
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A
【导语】本文介绍了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华院士的一生贡献及其爱国奉献精神。
【详解】1.句意:他于周四在湖北武汉去世,享年99岁。
根据“at the age of 99”可知,此处表示“去世”。pass away“去世”符合语境。set off“出发”;run away“逃跑”;die off“相继死去,大量死亡”均不符合人物去世的表达。
2.句意:黄旭华被称为“中国核潜艇之父”,他一生都致力于中国核潜艇事业的发展。
根据“China’s nuclear submarine program”可知,此处指核潜艇事业的发展。development“发展”符合语境。agreement“协议”;movement“运动”;argument“争论”均不符合。
3.句意:经历了战争阴影下的童年后,他于1945年进入上海交通大学学习造船,希望获得保卫国家的能力。
根据“darkness of”及时代背景可知,此处指战争。war“战争”符合语境。failure“失败”;study“学习”;friendship“友谊”均不符合历史背景。
4.句意:经历了战争阴影下的童年后,他于1945年进入上海交通大学学习造船,希望获得保卫国家的能力。
根据“study shipbuilding”以及黄旭华后来的贡献可知,他学习是为了报效祖国、保护国家。protect“保护”符合语境。prevent“阻止”;prepare“准备”;produce“生产”均不符合。
5.句意:1970年,多亏了黄旭华和团队的努力,中国第一艘核潜艇投入使用,其性能比1954年建造的美国第一艘核潜艇更好。
根据“better than”可知,此处表示性能表现。perform“表现”符合语境。accept“接受”;run“运行”;describe“描述”均不符合句意。
6.句意:2018年,黄旭华获得“世界华人影响力人物”称号。
根据“Influential Chinese in the World”可知,这是一个称号或头衔。title“称号”符合语境。challenge“挑战”;attention“关注”;chance“机会”均不符合。
7.句意:2020年,他因在科学领域的杰出工作获得国家最高科学技术奖。
根据“won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award”可知,因为“杰出的工作”,所以获奖。outstanding“杰出的”符合语境。honest“诚实的”;humorous“幽默的”;confident“自信的”均不符合。
8.句意:黄旭华把全部精力都投入到中国科技的长期发展中,尤其是在核潜艇研究方面。
根据“put all his...into”可知,此处为固定搭配put efforts into,表示“投入努力”。efforts“努力”符合语境。power“力量”;spirits“精神”;thought“想法”均不符合搭配。
9.句意:黄旭华把全部精力都投入到中国科技的长期发展中,尤其是在核潜艇研究方面。
根据“in nuclear submarine research”可知,这是对前面内容的进一步强调。especially“尤其”符合语境。completely“完全地”;actually“实际上”;generally“通常”均不符合句意。
10.句意:黄旭华捐出了两千多万元,用于支持科学研究、科学教育项目和学校。
根据“support scientific research”可知,此处指捐钱支持科学研究。give away“捐赠”是固定搭配,符合语境。give off“发出”;give out“分发,用尽”;give up“放弃”均不符合句意。
二、阅读理解
At the table tennis mixed doubles final of this Paris Olympic Games, Chinese pair Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha, the “Sha Tou” combination, beat the North Korean team with a score of 4 to 2. It is China’s first Olympic gold medal in the table tennis mixed doubles, and also the first gold medal in the table tennis events of these Paris Olympics.
Having won almost every major prize together, including two mixed doubles world championship titles in 2021 and 2023, Wang and Sun expected their first Olympic gold together as a special one, particularly following Team China’s final loss to host Japan in the mixed event’s Olympic debut (首次登台) in Tokyo in 2021.
“This mixed doubles gold is probably the medal I wanted the most. I have to thank everyone around us who contributed to this win,” said Wang, a six-time world champion across men’s team, men’s doubles and mixed doubles.”
“It was the work and effort of everyone that helped us pull it off. We put in so much for this gold, it now all feels worth it. This is not just our glory, it belongs to the whole team.
Mixed doubles is never a battle for one person, but a journey of breaking through thorns (荆棘) together for two. “I’m thankful to my partner for all the work we put in over the last three years. We’ve known each other since we were kids and grew up together. We’re pleased with the result today, and hope we’ll be able to continue to do well in the coming event,” Sun said.
11.How many world titles have they won together in mixed doubles?
A.One. B.Two. C.Three.
12.What was the result of the mixed doubles Olympic debut for Team China in Tokyo?
A.China won the gold medal.
B.China lost to Japan.
C.The match was canceled.
13.What does Wang Chuqin say about the mixed doubles gold medal?
A.It’s easy to win. B.It’s the most desired medal. C.It’s just for himself.
14.What does the last paragraph suggest about the relationship between them?
A.They are only teammates.
B.They have a competitive relationship.
C.They have a long-standing friendship.
【答案】11.B 12.B 13.B 14.C
【导语】本文报道了王楚钦和孙颖莎在巴黎奥运会乒乓球混双决赛中夺冠的新闻,介绍了他们的过往成绩、对这块金牌的重视以及两人之间的深厚情谊。
【详解】11.第二段明确提到“including two mixed doubles world championship titles in 2021 and 2023”,两人共获得2次混双世界冠军。
12.第二段指出“following Team China’s final loss to host Japan in the mixed event’s Olympic debut in Tokyo in 2021”,东京奥运会混双首秀中中国队输给了日本。
13.第三段王楚钦说“This mixed doubles gold is probably the medal I wanted the most”,说明这是他最渴望的奖牌。
14.最后一段孙颖莎提到“We’ve known each other since we were kids and grew up together”,表明两人有着长期的友谊。
三、书面表达
15.学校决定开展向航天女英雄王亚平学习的英文演讲活动,请你按下面表格要求写一篇演讲稿。简单介绍王亚平的个人信息,再谈谈你所感受到的她的优秀品质 (personality),最后说说你打算如何向她学习。
写作要点
具体内容
Personal information
·Date of birth: January, 1980
·Birthplace: a small village in Shandong Province
·Hobby: sports
Personality
·overcome difficulties bravely
·never give up
…
Your plans
①… ②…
要求:
1. 短文应包括表格中所有的写作要点,条理清楚,行文连贯,可适当发挥;
2. 词数不少于80词,短文开头及结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Hello, everyone! It’s my honor to introduce an astronaut hero—Wang Yaping.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
【答案】
例文
Hello, everyone! It’s my honor to introduce an astronaut hero—Wang Yaping.
Wang Yaping was born in a small village in Shandong Province in January, 1980. She loves sports very much. As an astronaut, she is brave enough to overcome all kinds of difficulties in training and space missions. She never gives up her dream, no matter how hard things are.
I plan to learn from her. First, I will keep doing sports to make myself strong. Second, I will face my problems bravely and never stop trying. I hope I can become a person like her one day.
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:应用文,以一般现在时为主,围绕向航天员王亚平学习展开叙述
明确要点:介绍王亚平的个人信息、优秀品质,阐述自己的学习计划
确定人称:第一人称(I)与第三人称(she)结合
注意事项:语言流畅,书写规范,需包含表格所有要点,不少于80词
[第二步:构思布局]
四段式结构
开头段:文章已给出开头,开篇点明演讲主题,引出航天员王亚平
主体段一:介绍王亚平的个人信息与优秀品质
主体段二: 阐述自己向她学习的具体计划
结尾段:文章已给出结尾,表示感谢
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:王亚平的个人信息与优秀品质
个人信息:was born in a small village in Shandong Province in January, 1980/loves sports very much
优秀品质:overcome all kinds of difficulties in training and space missions/never gives up her dream
要点二:向王亚平学习的具体计划
具体做法:keep doing sports to make myself strong/face my problems bravely and never stop trying
愿望:become a person like her one day/keep moving forward bravely
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$