Unit 4 Space Exploration Language points 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦必修三Unit 4太空探索单元语言要点，系统梳理12个核心词汇（含派生词、搭配及语境化例句）和2个重要句式（动词不定式作后置定语、动词-ing形式作主语及用法规则），构建从词汇基础到语法应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇拓展-搭配归纳-句式应用”为逻辑主线，每个知识点结合太空探索主题例句强化理解，助力语言能力提升。通过派生词对比、句式用法分类培养思维品质，引导学生掌握科学学习策略，符合学习能力发展要求。

必修三Unit 4 Space Exploration Language points 1. disappointment n.失望；沮丧 (disappoint vt.使失望 disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 disappointing adj.令人失望的) Eg However，while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment，the desire to explore the universe did not die.虽然，这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望不会磨灭。 be disappointed at/by/about/in/with...对……失望 be disappointed to do sth因做某事而失望 be disappointed that...对……失望 to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 Eg What disappointed me/What made me disappointed was that I didn’t achieve my original goal and I wandered along the street aimlessly. Eg To my disappointment,I didn’t achieve my original goal and I wandered along the street aimlessly. 令我失望的是，我没有达到最初的目标，我漫无目的地在街上闲逛。 2. desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望(desirable adj.值得做的；值得拥有的；理想的) Eg Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. 神秘感激发好奇心, 而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。 (have) a desire to do sth/for sth (有)做某事的渴望/对某物的渴望 desire to do sth渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事 注意：desire后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 Eg The intelligent and determined boy has a strong desire for knowledge. 这个聪明且坚定的男孩对知识有着强烈的渴望。 Eg It is desired that you (should) adopt my tips/advice/suggestions on how to pair up students for the oral practice.希望你能采纳我关于如何把学生配对练习口语的建议。 3. determine v．查明；确定；决定； ( determination n．决心；决定determined adj.坚决的；有决心的；意志坚定的) Eg However, scientists were determined to realise that dream.然而，科学家们决心要实现这一梦想。 determine to do...决定做……(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 be determined to do...决心做……(表示状态) 4. independently adv.独立地；自立地 (depend vi.依靠；依赖；取决于；由……决定independent adj.独立的；自立的 independence n.独立；自立) Eg China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。 be independent of不依赖……；独立于……之外 depend on/upon依靠；信赖；指望；取决于 be dependent on 依靠；依赖 Eg Now that you have grown up, you should seek to be independent your parents and solve a series of problems independently.既然你已经长大了，你应该尝试独立于父母，自己解决一系列问题 Eg Whenever we are in trouble，we always depend on/upon our generous head teacher offering/to offer us some suggestions.每当我们处于困境时，我们总是指望我们慷慨的班主任给我们一些建议。 5. in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望 Eg Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. 人类正在探索太空，希望了解更多关于宇宙的奥秘。 in the hope that...希望…(that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope的具体内容) hope to do sth/hope that...希望做某事/希望…… It is hoped that...大家希望…… Eg I hope to take part in diverse after-class activities when I study at university.我希望在大学学习期间能参加各种课外活动。 Eg I am writing to you in the hope that I can be admitted to your drama club/in the hope of being admitted to your drama club.我写这封信是希望能被你们的戏剧社录取。 6. lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏 (lacking adj.缺乏；不足) Eg Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity，so they need to exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱，所以他们每天都需要锻炼，这将有助于他们保持身体健康。 (a) lack of缺乏…… due to (a)/for/through lack of因缺少…… lack sth缺乏某物 be lacking in sth缺乏…… Eg I determined to work hard in the hope of making up for a lack of ability.我下定决心要努力工作，希望能弥补能力的不足。 Eg Due to (a)/Through/For lack of sufficient confidence/Because I lacked sufficient confidence/Because I was lacking in sufficient confidence, I stood on the stage, with my head lowered and my legs trembling without control.因缺少足够的自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。 7. argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论(argument n.争论；争吵；论点) Eg Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。 argue with sb about/over sth因某事与某人争吵/争论 argue for/against (doing) sth据理赞成/反对(做)某事 argue that...主张……，认为…… argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事 have an argument with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论 Eg I am disappointed to find that only a minority of people believe in my arguments. 8. result in 产生；导致；造成 Eg It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。 result from由于；由……造成 as a result结果(是)；因此，所以 as a result of作为……的结果；由于 9. limited adj.有限的；有限制的(limit vt.限制；限定 n.界限；限度limitless/unlimited adj.无限制的 limitation n.局限；限制) Eg Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.看着我们星球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。 be limited to...限制在…… limit...to...把……限定在……之内 There is a/no limit to...……是有限的/无限的。 set a limit/limits on设定……的限度 without limit无限地，无限制地 Eg It is required that your analysis report should be limited to 1,000 words.要求你的分析报告字数不得超过1000字。 Eg There is a limit to one’s life，but no limit to serving the people.一个人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。 10. provide for sb 提供生活所需 Eg In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. 为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。 provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物 offer sb sth/offer sth to sb Eg Since our planet’s resources are limited，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.鉴于地球资源有限，我们应寻找新的家园，以供养不断增长的人口。 11. run out 用完；耗尽(相当于give out，物作主语，无被动语态) Eg It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.有必要在太空中为人们找到一个新家园，因为地球上的资源将会被耗尽。 run out of用光，用完(相当于use up，人作主语) run across偶然遇到 run after追逐；追求 run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰到(困境、麻烦等) 12. attach vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属；(使)隶属(attached adj.附着的；依恋的；热爱的 attachment n.附件；依恋；连接) Eg While sleeping，they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.在睡觉时，为了防止四处飘浮，他们必须把自己拴在某个东西上。 attach...to...把……系/绑/贴在……上 attach significance/importance/value to...认为……重要/有价值；重视…… be attached to附属于；依恋；爱慕 Eg I attach great importance/significance/value to reading the English newspaper regularly because this can widen my view.我认为经常读英文报非常重要，因为这会拓宽我的视野。 重要句式 1. 动词不定式作后置定语 Eg Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space , and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 动词不定式作后置定语有以下三种情况： ①当中心词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时； ②当中心词被the last，the next，the only，the very等词修饰时； ③在chance, opportunity, time，way，ability，plan等抽象名词后常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。 Eg He is always the first to arrive at school.他总是第一个到校的。 Eg I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to strengthen each other’s understanding. 我不能错过这样一个增进彼此了解的宝贵机会。 2. 动词-ing形式作主语 Eg Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 动词-ing形式作主语，其用法如下： ①单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数； ②用it作形式主语，动词-ing形式后置作真正的主语。常用于“It is fun/no good/no use /useless/ a waste of time doing...”等句型中； ③动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语。当动词-ing形式有自己的逻辑主语时，常在前面加上一个形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，构成动词-ing形式的复合结构。 Eg It is a waste of time arguing with him about this matter. 同他争论这件事是浪费时间。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $