暑假作业10 阅读理解（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语核心话题，通过分话题阅读理解训练，系统覆盖细节理解、词义猜测等中考题型，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |职业|2篇8题|细节理解、词义猜测|从新兴职业现象到职业规划意识，体现社会发展与个人成长关联| |成长|2篇8题|细节理解、主旨大意|以同伴压力案例探讨自我认同，培养情绪管理与思维品质| |团队合作|2篇8题|推理判断、词义猜测|通过竞争与合作案例，构建集体协作与社会责任认知| |志愿服务/社会责任|2篇8题|段落主旨、词义猜测|从家庭到学校再到环境，层层递进培养公民意识| |自然|2篇8题|细节理解、结构分析|从植物交流到尼罗河生态，渗透科学探究与可持续发展观念| |社会热点|1篇4题|细节理解、推理判断|结合航天任务，增强家国情怀与人类命运共同体意识|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 阅读理解 单元话题概览 单元 话题主题 核心话题（中文） 话题简述 Unit 1 Career talks 职业话题 / 职业规划 了解不同职业，探讨职业变迁（如传统职业消失与新兴职业涌现），引导学生表达未来理想，培养职业规划意识。 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 成长中的烦恼与收获 围绕青春期成长中的困惑与得失，帮助学生正视心理变化，学会情绪管理与自我调适。 Unit 3 What makes a great team? 团队合作 探讨优秀团队的特质与团队合作的重要性，提升沟通协作能力与集体荣誉感。 Unit 4 Helping out 志愿服务 / 社会责任 倡导乐于助人与志愿服务精神，鼓励参与公益活动，培养公民意识与社会责任感。 Unit 5 Looking into nature 观察自然 / 探索自然 引导学生观察和探索自然现象，激发科学探究兴趣与好奇心。 Unit 6 Living with nature 人与自然和谐共生 强调人与自然的和谐相处，增强环保意识，树立可持续发展观念。 话题一：职业 （25-26八年级下·安徽合肥·期中）Have you ever imagined what jobs might be like in the future? With the rapid development of technology, many new types of jobs have appeared. These jobs didn't exist ten or twenty years ago, but now they are becoming popular and important. One example is the drone pilot. Drones are flying machines without a person inside. Drone pilots control them from the ground. They use drones to take photos, deliver packages, or even help in farming. Another new job is social media manager. This person manages a company's social media accounts like Weibo or TikTok. They post interesting content and talk with customers online. A third new job is e-sports player. E-sports means playing video games competitively. Professional e-sports players train for hours every day and take part in big competitions with huge prize money. These new jobs are not only exciting but also challenging. For example, drone pilots need to learn flying skills and safety rules. Social media managers must be creative and good at communicating. E-sports players need quick reactions and strong teamwork. As technology keeps changing, more new jobs will appear in the future. So it's important for young people to stay curious and keep learning new skills. 1．According to the passage, what do drone pilots do? A．They fly inside drones to take photos. B．They control drones from the ground. C．They repair broken drones. D．They teach people how to play e-sports. 2．The word “competitively” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．friendly and relaxing B．involving a contest or game to win C．boring and difficult D．only for fun 3．Which skill is important for a social media manager? A．Flying skills. B．Quick reactions. C．Creativity and communication. D．Farming knowledge. 4．What does the writer suggest young people should do for the future? A．Stay curious and learn new skills. B．Only focus on school subjects. C．Stop using technology. D．Become e-sports players. 话题二：成长的痛苦与收获 Peer pressure is a common experience for many teens. It means doing something just because you don’t want to be left out by your friends. Sometimes it can be good— like encouraging you to study harder or join a sports club. But often, it makes you feel bad for being different from others. Colin, a middle school student, knows this well. His hobby is knitting (编织) which many of his classmates think is “unusual”. Some even laugh at him, and not all his friends accept his hobby. Most of his friends prefer activities like playing soccer or spending time on screens. Colin feels lonely and wonders if he should give up knitting to fit in. Hannah, who helps teens with problems, shares a story about her friend. He has loved dancing ballet since he was a kid. At school, other kids made fun of him for his hobby. But he didn’t give up. He kept practicing hard, and now he is very successful. Surprisingly, he is thankful to those kids— their jokes pushed him to work harder. Hannah’s advice for Colin and other teens is simple: Don’t let peer pressure control you. Be proud of who you are and your hobbies. Try sharing your hobby with friends—they might understand you better. Remember, being different is not a bad thing; it’s what makes you special. 1．What is Colin’s hobby that his classmates don’t accept? A．Knitting. B．Playing soccer. C．Reading books. D．Playing video games. 2．What happened to Hannah’s friend in the end? A．He gave up ballet to fit in. B．He became successful at ballet. C．He fought with the kids who laughed at him. D．He changed his hobby to sports. 3．Why was Hannah’s friend thankful to the kids who made fun of him? A．They helped him learn ballet better. B．He used their jokes as motivation (动力) to practice harder. C．They later became his biggest fans. D．He wanted to show he was kind. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Colin’s Unusual Hobby B．How to Make More Friends C．Be Yourself: How to Deal with Peer Pressure D．Hannah’s Great Advice on Studying 话题三：团队合作 （25-26八年级下·陕西渭南·期中）In a small town, two bakeries (面包店), one owned by Mrs. Lee and the other by Mr. Brown, were famous for their bread. The competition between them was very fierce (激烈的). One year, the price of flour went up very high. Both bakeries were in trouble. Mrs. Lee’s son thought she should lower the quality of her bread to save money, but she refused. “We must stick to our standards (标准),” she said. Meanwhile, Mr. Brown was also struggling. He thought about closing his bakery. One evening, Mrs. Lee had an idea. The next day, she went to Mr. Brown and said, “Why don’t we buy flour together? We can get a better price, and both of our bakeries can keep running.” Mr. Brown was surprised. He had seen Mrs. Lee as an enemy. But her idea was smart, and her kindness touched him. They agreed to cooperate. Not only did they save their businesses, but they also started to share recipes and ideas. Their town finally had the best bread ever. The competition between them didn’t disappear, but it became friendly and pushed them to improve. They learnt that sometimes, kindness and cooperation can lead to better results for everyone than trying to fight alone.＊The word “flour” means a white powder that is used in cooking for making bread, cakes, and so on. 1．What was the relationship between Mrs. Lee and Mr. Brown at the beginning? A．Good friends. B．Competitors. C．Teacher and student. D．Business partners. 2．The underlined word “struggling” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．growing fast B．feeling relaxed C．having a hard time D．feeling happy 3．According to Paragraph 2, why did Mr. Brown feel surprised at Mrs. Lee’s words? A．Because Mrs. Lee offered to cooperate. B．Because the price of flour went down suddenly. C．Because she found a way to save her bakery alone. D．Because Mrs. Lee decided to lower her bread quality. 4．What is the main idea of the story? A．Competition is always bad. B．The price of flour is very important. C．It’s impossible for competitors to work together. D．Kindness and cooperation create win-win situations. 话题四：志愿服务/社会责任 ①Teaching children to help others is one of the most valuable lessons. Why? ②Encouraging children to help others can make them kind and empathetic (有同理心的). So they are good at understanding and cooperating with others. As a result, they are more likely to build stronger and more meaningful relationships. When children help others, they can also develop a sense of achievement and responsibility. This encourages them to be helpful. ③There are many ways to get children to practise kindness. They can start learning to help at home by doing chores. For example, after finishing the meal, they can be asked to help clean up the table. It teaches them that being part of a family means sharing responsibilities.       ④Schools also provide children with the chance to help their peers in various ways. They can help by sharing stationery (文具), offering learning support, or simply by inviting a classmate to join in a game. The acts of kindness help them build friendships. ⑤What’s more, it is necessary to teach children to care for the environment. Encourage them to do little things, such as picking up plastic bottles in parks, planting trees, or saving water. And tell them that they can also help by spreading ideas on green living. For example, they can start a conversation about reducing waste with their friends. ⑥In short, when children learn to help, they first become better people themselves. Then, through their actions, they can make the whole world a better place. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．What children can gain from helping others. B．How children learn to cooperate with others. C．Why it is necessary to build good relationships. D．Where children can practise kindness in everyday life. 2．Why does the writer suggest children first learn to help with chores? A．They can improve their life skills by doing chores. B．They will feel a strong sense of achievement. C．It teaches them to be helpful and responsible. D．It is a good way to make their parents happy. 3．What does the underlined word “various” most probably mean? A．Different. B．Interesting. C．Special. D．Strange. 4．How is the text organised? A． B． C． D． 话题五：观察自然/人与自然和谐共处 （25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业）① Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: They do communicate with each other. ② It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (吸引黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. ③ More surprisingly, plants also use sounds to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. ④ Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication. The system can link (连接) nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help avoid these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 33．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will make the wasps kill the insects. C．They will send out signals to drive insects away. D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 34．What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give people hope for further studies. B．To praise (表扬) scientists for their great achievements. C．To call on people to protect the plants on earth. D．To encourage people to communicate with plants. 35．Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 36．What is the best title for the passage? A．The secret language of plants B．The study on the plant warning system C．The plants that give warnings D．The reason why scientists do research on plants 话题一：职业 Imagine you’re hiking in the mountains and a heavy rain starts. You lose your way and the situation becomes unsafe. At this time, the Blue Sky Rescue Team could be your hope—a group of professionally (专业地) trained team members is ready to save you. This great group started in the early 2000s when outdoor activities got popular in China. At that time, a growing number of climbers got lost or hurt in the mountains. However, there weren’t enough professional rescuers available to help—that’s why the Blue Sky Rescue Team started. Offering free rescue services, the team has saved lots of lives over the years. Usually, they can help to look for missing people, save people who fall into the river or move injured (受伤的) people to a safe place. Whether people are in cities or in the mountains, they can call this team for help. However, if the situation is too serious, like in an air crash, the team is unable to help. If you want to be a member, here are some things you must do: ·Have a job. ·Complete more than 100 hours of practice and pass tests. ·Volunteer at least 200 hours every year. From a small mountain rescue group to a famous life­saving team, it shows us that strong teamwork can help people do wonderful things! They give hope to a lot of people! 1．Why did the team start at first? A．To get popular in China. B．To save people in rainstorms. C．To save lost or hurt climbers. D．To join in professional activities. 2．In which sentence can you put the word “rescue” in Paragraph 3? A．I get better grades through my dad’s ________. B．My friends need a ________ for the coming party. C．The kid in the fire received a ________ from firefighters in time. D．The volunteers used a small boat to ________ the river. 3．What do you know about the Blue Sky Rescue Team according to the passage? A．It is difficult to be a member of the team. B．It can save people from all kinds of unsafe situations. C．It’s a professional rescue team for mountain climbers only. D．It’s necessary to volunteer at least 300 hours every year. 4．Why does the writer write the article? A．To teach us how to ask the Blue Sky Rescue Team for help. B．To show us some facts about the Blue Sky Rescue Team. C．To advise us to be volunteers of the Blue Sky Rescue Team. D．To tell us how to set up a team like the Blue Sky Rescue Team. 话题二：成长的痛苦与收获 It’s true: math is difficult. As a result, a lot of kids have problems learning math at some point in their lives. Use these tips and tricks to solve math problems more easily. Practice math in everyday situations. Make math part of your daily life so you can practice it naturally. For example, if a sweater that’s usually $38 is on sale for 30% off, what is the sale price? Use math in mind if you can. Doing math in your head can help you remember key concepts (概念). Some problems need a pencil and paper to get started; however, “+”, “－”, “×”, and “÷” are ones you can do in your head. If you come across an easy problem, do it in your mind first before turning to a calculator (计算器). Review (复习) math concepts every day. Practice makes perfect, and math is no exception. Set a study plan for yourself and try to review your math problems for 15 to 20 minutes per day. Your skills will build up over time, and you don’t need to try too hard! Teach a math problem or concept to someone else. Learning by teaching someone is a great way to review concepts. Invite a friend or family member. ______ If you can’t move on, review your notes or textbook again until you can explain it clearly. By building up your skills and practicing every day, you can make math easier and have a higher chance of success. 1．What is the answer to the question in paragraph 2? A．38×0.3=11.4 B．38×0.3×2=22.8 C．38× (1+0.3)=49.4 D．38× (1.0-0.3)=26.6 2．Which of the following is a tip for remembering maths concepts according to the text? A．Never use a calculator. B．Practice with a pencil and paper. C．Do math in your head when possible. D．Review math problems for hours each day. 3．What can we put in ______? A．They can make you feel better. B．They can teach you and give some advice. C．You need to talk to someone about your worries. D．Then explain to them what you’re doing and how you’re doing it. 4．Who may be interested in the text? A．Mike, a calculator maker. B．Lisa, a math competition leader. C．Mary, a university teacher teaching math. D．Tom, a middle school student learning math. 话题三：团队合作 Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize (批评) him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly. How did poor Sophia get into this mess? The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn’t simply a duty but a correctness. Failing to question or criticize Nathan’s work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they’re just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld (拒绝给) a gift from Nathan. “You’d better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback,” says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, “to help figure out (弄明白) someone’s best fit—in their particular job or in the organization.” This approach also prevents surprises. It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved (应受) it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance. Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback? “We like to be liked,” Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. “If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked.” Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard. Back to Sophia’s case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hark situation worse. But with a different mindset (思维模式), she could have set herself and Nathan up for success. 1．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance B．open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members C．criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader D．being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect 2．According to the writer, Sophia should ________. A．patiently encourage Nathan to try his best B．wisely have Nathan dropped out of the project C．politely show Nathan the improvement he made D．clearly tell Nathan her judgment of his performance 3．The expression “caught off-guard” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．guided impatiently B．sent out unfairly C．treated unexpectedly D．kicked out carelessly 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ________ A．To be nice or to be kind? B．Is it helpful for leaders to be moving? C．To be liked or to be criticized? D．Is it important for leaders to be pleasing? 话题四：志愿服务/社会责任 In nature, animals need to change over time if they want to survive. These changes usually happen slowly. But one kind of bird, the Anna’s hummingbird, is changing faster than any other animal. Anna’s hummingbirds are tiny birds, and they are no bigger than an egg. They have beautiful feathers and a long beak. However, researchers found that more and more of these birds were born with longer and thinner beaks.       Researchers made this discovery by studying more than 100 hummingbird specimens (标本) in museums. They measured their beaks and found that the shape and size of their beaks had changed a lot. Amazingly, the physical changes began when people started putting up feeders (喂食器) in their gardens or backyards. The feeders served to help the birds during hard times. In winter, people filled the feeders with sugar water. And the birds would drink it for energy. To drink more, the birds developed longer and thinner beaks. Surprisingly, the longer beaks made room for bigger tongues (舌头), allowing the birds to get more sugar water at a time. Their beaks also became sharper (更锋利的). That could help the birds protect food from other hungry animals. The changes didn’t stop there. Anna’s hummingbirds now live in more areas. They used to live mostly in northern Mexico and southern California. Now, you can find them even in Canada. Professor Mark Jones explained, “Warmer winters because of climate change might have helped a bit, but the feeders probably played the biggest part. They offered the birds food when it was cold. This helped the birds survive in northern areas.” 1．Which question does paragraph 2 answer? A．Where do Anna’s hummingbirds live? B．What do Anna’s hummingbirds look like? C．How did Anna’s hummingbirds get their name? D．Why are Anna’s hummingbirds changing so fast? 2．What do we know about the birds from paragraph 5? A．Their ability to protect food has improved. B．Their favourite food has become less. C．They look more beautiful with longer beaks. D．They have bigger tongues than other birds. 3．Why did the birds change according to Professor Mark Jones? A．Climate change makes winter shorter. B．It was getting harder for them to find food. C．Their living environments became worse. D．They needed more energy from the feeders. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．All animals need humans’ help to survive. B．Human activities can unexpectedly affect wildlife. C．Anna’s hummingbirds are the most amazing birds. D．Anna’s hummingbirds need more areas to survive. 话题五：观察自然/人与自然和谐共处 The Nile River, located in northeastern Africa, is over 4,000 miles long and is seen as the longest river in the world. While Egypt is commonly connected with the Nile, the river actually flows through 11 countries across both northern and eastern Africa. It has two main branches: the White Nile and the Blue Nile. These two rivers meet in Khartoum, Sudan, where they form the main stream of the Nile. The Nile has been of great importance for human history. Around 5,000 years ago, the Ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile for fresh water, food, and transportation. The Nile also provided them with land for farming. How did the Nile allow them to farm on the dry desert land? The answer is that the river flooded every August! And when it did, the nutrient-rich soil (营养丰富的土壤) carried by the water spread across the river banks, leaving behind thick and wet mud (泥) perfect for growing crops. However, nowadays, the Nile no longer floods each year. This is because in 1970 the Aswan High Dam (阿斯旺高坝) was built. This huge dam controls the water of the river to produce power, irrigate (灌溉) the farmland and provide drinking water for homes. More than 95% of the people in Egypt depend on its water and live within a few miles of the river banks. The Nile is not just important to humans. The river and its banks are home to lots of wild animals, including different kinds of fish and birds. To show their gratitude and respect to this great river, the Egyptians have a two-week holiday in August called Wafaa El-Nil to celebrate the ancient flooding of the Nile. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about the Nile River? A．It is located in northwest Africa. B．It flows through more than ten countries. C．The Blue Nile is longer than the White Nile. 2．Why could the Ancient Egyptians farm on the dry desert land? A．The water in the Nile was clear. B．The banks of the Nile were wide. C．The Nile provided them with rich soil. 3．What does the underlined word “gratitude” in the last paragraph mean? A．thanks B．fear C．hope 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．How the Aswan High Dam changed the Nile. B．The reason people celebrate the flooding of the Nile. C．The basic information and the importance of the Nile. China’s Shenzhou-23 Mission: A Big Step in Space [社会热点] China sent up the Shenzhou-23 manned spaceship successfully at 11:08 p.m. on May 24, 2026. A Long March-2F rocket (长征二号F型火箭) carried the spaceship into the sky from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (酒泉卫星发射中心). It flew for about 10 minutes and got into its planned space orbit (轨道) safely. This is the first of China’s three manned space tasks in 2026. This space mission has many new and meaningful achievements. The three astronauts are Zhu Yangzhu, Zhang Zhiyuan and Li Jiaying. Li Jiaying is the first astronaut from Hong Kong. What’s more, the team will try a hard new challenge: one astronaut will stay in space for a whole year. It will be one of the longest space stays around the world. Scientists also made many useful changes to the Shenzhou-23 spaceship. Earlier, a window on Shenzhou-20 was broken by small space rubbish. To fix this problem, workers made stronger windows for Shenzhou-23. The new windows have three protective layers (层), so they are much safer. Besides, the spaceship can now bring back more experiment materials to Earth. Before, it could only carry around 50 kilograms of things on the way back. Now its load is over 100 kilograms. With more space for research things, scientists can get more results from space experiments. The successful launch shows China is making steady progress in space exploration. It also helps prepare for China’s future manned trip to the moon. 1．Why did engineers strengthen the windows of Shenzhou-23? A．Space rubbish once damaged a window of a former spaceship. B．The old windows could not help astronauts look outside. C．The new three-layer windows cost much less than before. D．People wanted to make the spaceship look more beautiful. 2．What can we know about the return load (承载量) of the spaceship? A．It is just 50 kilograms now. B．It becomes more than twice as large as before. C．It can carry 150 kilograms at most. D．It is only used to carry astronauts’ daily things. 3．What is one of the great difficulties for this space mission? A．Building a new space station in space. B．Making a future trip to the moon right now. C．One astronaut will live in space for twelve months. D．Walking in space every day during the mission. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The history of China’s space exploration. B．The meaning of the successful launch of Shenzhou-23. C．The future plans for all Chinese spaceships. D．Different tasks of China’s 2026 space missions. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 阅读理解 单元话题概览 单元 话题主题 核心话题（中文） 话题简述 Unit 1 Career talks 职业话题 / 职业规划 了解不同职业，探讨职业变迁（如传统职业消失与新兴职业涌现），引导学生表达未来理想，培养职业规划意识。 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 成长中的烦恼与收获 围绕青春期成长中的困惑与得失，帮助学生正视心理变化，学会情绪管理与自我调适。 Unit 3 What makes a great team? 团队合作 探讨优秀团队的特质与团队合作的重要性，提升沟通协作能力与集体荣誉感。 Unit 4 Helping out 志愿服务 / 社会责任 倡导乐于助人与志愿服务精神，鼓励参与公益活动，培养公民意识与社会责任感。 Unit 5 Looking into nature 观察自然 / 探索自然 引导学生观察和探索自然现象，激发科学探究兴趣与好奇心。 Unit 6 Living with nature 人与自然和谐共生 强调人与自然的和谐相处，增强环保意识，树立可持续发展观念。 话题一：职业 （25-26八年级下·安徽合肥·期中）Have you ever imagined what jobs might be like in the future? With the rapid development of technology, many new types of jobs have appeared. These jobs didn't exist ten or twenty years ago, but now they are becoming popular and important. One example is the drone pilot. Drones are flying machines without a person inside. Drone pilots control them from the ground. They use drones to take photos, deliver packages, or even help in farming. Another new job is social media manager. This person manages a company's social media accounts like Weibo or TikTok. They post interesting content and talk with customers online. A third new job is e-sports player. E-sports means playing video games competitively. Professional e-sports players train for hours every day and take part in big competitions with huge prize money. These new jobs are not only exciting but also challenging. For example, drone pilots need to learn flying skills and safety rules. Social media managers must be creative and good at communicating. E-sports players need quick reactions and strong teamwork. As technology keeps changing, more new jobs will appear in the future. So it's important for young people to stay curious and keep learning new skills. 1．According to the passage, what do drone pilots do? A．They fly inside drones to take photos. B．They control drones from the ground. C．They repair broken drones. D．They teach people how to play e-sports. 2．The word “competitively” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．friendly and relaxing B．involving a contest or game to win C．boring and difficult D．only for fun 3．Which skill is important for a social media manager? A．Flying skills. B．Quick reactions. C．Creativity and communication. D．Farming knowledge. 4．What does the writer suggest young people should do for the future? A．Stay curious and learn new skills. B．Only focus on school subjects. C．Stop using technology. D．Become e-sports players. 话题二：成长的痛苦与收获 Peer pressure is a common experience for many teens. It means doing something just because you don’t want to be left out by your friends. Sometimes it can be good— like encouraging you to study harder or join a sports club. But often, it makes you feel bad for being different from others. Colin, a middle school student, knows this well. His hobby is knitting (编织) which many of his classmates think is “unusual”. Some even laugh at him, and not all his friends accept his hobby. Most of his friends prefer activities like playing soccer or spending time on screens. Colin feels lonely and wonders if he should give up knitting to fit in. Hannah, who helps teens with problems, shares a story about her friend. He has loved dancing ballet since he was a kid. At school, other kids made fun of him for his hobby. But he didn’t give up. He kept practicing hard, and now he is very successful. Surprisingly, he is thankful to those kids— their jokes pushed him to work harder. Hannah’s advice for Colin and other teens is simple: Don’t let peer pressure control you. Be proud of who you are and your hobbies. Try sharing your hobby with friends—they might understand you better. Remember, being different is not a bad thing; it’s what makes you special. 1．What is Colin’s hobby that his classmates don’t accept? A．Knitting. B．Playing soccer. C．Reading books. D．Playing video games. 2．What happened to Hannah’s friend in the end? A．He gave up ballet to fit in. B．He became successful at ballet. C．He fought with the kids who laughed at him. D．He changed his hobby to sports. 3．Why was Hannah’s friend thankful to the kids who made fun of him? A．They helped him learn ballet better. B．He used their jokes as motivation (动力) to practice harder. C．They later became his biggest fans. D．He wanted to show he was kind. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Colin’s Unusual Hobby B．How to Make More Friends C．Be Yourself: How to Deal with Peer Pressure D．Hannah’s Great Advice on Studying 话题三：团队合作 （25-26八年级下·陕西渭南·期中）In a small town, two bakeries (面包店), one owned by Mrs. Lee and the other by Mr. Brown, were famous for their bread. The competition between them was very fierce (激烈的). One year, the price of flour went up very high. Both bakeries were in trouble. Mrs. Lee’s son thought she should lower the quality of her bread to save money, but she refused. “We must stick to our standards (标准),” she said. Meanwhile, Mr. Brown was also struggling. He thought about closing his bakery. One evening, Mrs. Lee had an idea. The next day, she went to Mr. Brown and said, “Why don’t we buy flour together? We can get a better price, and both of our bakeries can keep running.” Mr. Brown was surprised. He had seen Mrs. Lee as an enemy. But her idea was smart, and her kindness touched him. They agreed to cooperate. Not only did they save their businesses, but they also started to share recipes and ideas. Their town finally had the best bread ever. The competition between them didn’t disappear, but it became friendly and pushed them to improve. They learnt that sometimes, kindness and cooperation can lead to better results for everyone than trying to fight alone.＊The word “flour” means a white powder that is used in cooking for making bread, cakes, and so on. 1．What was the relationship between Mrs. Lee and Mr. Brown at the beginning? A．Good friends. B．Competitors. C．Teacher and student. D．Business partners. 2．The underlined word “struggling” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．growing fast B．feeling relaxed C．having a hard time D．feeling happy 3．According to Paragraph 2, why did Mr. Brown feel surprised at Mrs. Lee’s words? A．Because Mrs. Lee offered to cooperate. B．Because the price of flour went down suddenly. C．Because she found a way to save her bakery alone. D．Because Mrs. Lee decided to lower her bread quality. 4．What is the main idea of the story? A．Competition is always bad. B．The price of flour is very important. C．It’s impossible for competitors to work together. D．Kindness and cooperation create win-win situations. 话题四：志愿服务/社会责任 ①Teaching children to help others is one of the most valuable lessons. Why? ②Encouraging children to help others can make them kind and empathetic (有同理心的). So they are good at understanding and cooperating with others. As a result, they are more likely to build stronger and more meaningful relationships. When children help others, they can also develop a sense of achievement and responsibility. This encourages them to be helpful. ③There are many ways to get children to practise kindness. They can start learning to help at home by doing chores. For example, after finishing the meal, they can be asked to help clean up the table. It teaches them that being part of a family means sharing responsibilities.       ④Schools also provide children with the chance to help their peers in various ways. They can help by sharing stationery (文具), offering learning support, or simply by inviting a classmate to join in a game. The acts of kindness help them build friendships. ⑤What’s more, it is necessary to teach children to care for the environment. Encourage them to do little things, such as picking up plastic bottles in parks, planting trees, or saving water. And tell them that they can also help by spreading ideas on green living. For example, they can start a conversation about reducing waste with their friends. ⑥In short, when children learn to help, they first become better people themselves. Then, through their actions, they can make the whole world a better place. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．What children can gain from helping others. B．How children learn to cooperate with others. C．Why it is necessary to build good relationships. D．Where children can practise kindness in everyday life. 2．Why does the writer suggest children first learn to help with chores? A．They can improve their life skills by doing chores. B．They will feel a strong sense of achievement. C．It teaches them to be helpful and responsible. D．It is a good way to make their parents happy. 3．What does the underlined word “various” most probably mean? A．Different. B．Interesting. C．Special. D．Strange. 4．How is the text organised? A． B． C． D． 话题五：观察自然/人与自然和谐共处 （25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业）① Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: They do communicate with each other. ② It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (吸引黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. ③ More surprisingly, plants also use sounds to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. ④ Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication. The system can link (连接) nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help avoid these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 33．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will make the wasps kill the insects. C．They will send out signals to drive insects away. D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 34．What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give people hope for further studies. B．To praise (表扬) scientists for their great achievements. C．To call on people to protect the plants on earth. D．To encourage people to communicate with plants. 35．Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 36．What is the best title for the passage? A．The secret language of plants B．The study on the plant warning system C．The plants that give warnings D．The reason why scientists do research on plants 话题一：职业 Imagine you’re hiking in the mountains and a heavy rain starts. You lose your way and the situation becomes unsafe. At this time, the Blue Sky Rescue Team could be your hope—a group of professionally (专业地) trained team members is ready to save you. This great group started in the early 2000s when outdoor activities got popular in China. At that time, a growing number of climbers got lost or hurt in the mountains. However, there weren’t enough professional rescuers available to help—that’s why the Blue Sky Rescue Team started. Offering free rescue services, the team has saved lots of lives over the years. Usually, they can help to look for missing people, save people who fall into the river or move injured (受伤的) people to a safe place. Whether people are in cities or in the mountains, they can call this team for help. However, if the situation is too serious, like in an air crash, the team is unable to help. If you want to be a member, here are some things you must do: ·Have a job. ·Complete more than 100 hours of practice and pass tests. ·Volunteer at least 200 hours every year. From a small mountain rescue group to a famous life­saving team, it shows us that strong teamwork can help people do wonderful things! They give hope to a lot of people! 1．Why did the team start at first? A．To get popular in China. B．To save people in rainstorms. C．To save lost or hurt climbers. D．To join in professional activities. 2．In which sentence can you put the word “rescue” in Paragraph 3? A．I get better grades through my dad’s ________. B．My friends need a ________ for the coming party. C．The kid in the fire received a ________ from firefighters in time. D．The volunteers used a small boat to ________ the river. 3．What do you know about the Blue Sky Rescue Team according to the passage? A．It is difficult to be a member of the team. B．It can save people from all kinds of unsafe situations. C．It’s a professional rescue team for mountain climbers only. D．It’s necessary to volunteer at least 300 hours every year. 4．Why does the writer write the article? A．To teach us how to ask the Blue Sky Rescue Team for help. B．To show us some facts about the Blue Sky Rescue Team. C．To advise us to be volunteers of the Blue Sky Rescue Team. D．To tell us how to set up a team like the Blue Sky Rescue Team. 话题二：成长的痛苦与收获 It’s true: math is difficult. As a result, a lot of kids have problems learning math at some point in their lives. Use these tips and tricks to solve math problems more easily. Practice math in everyday situations. Make math part of your daily life so you can practice it naturally. For example, if a sweater that’s usually $38 is on sale for 30% off, what is the sale price? Use math in mind if you can. Doing math in your head can help you remember key concepts (概念). Some problems need a pencil and paper to get started; however, “+”, “－”, “×”, and “÷” are ones you can do in your head. If you come across an easy problem, do it in your mind first before turning to a calculator (计算器). Review (复习) math concepts every day. Practice makes perfect, and math is no exception. Set a study plan for yourself and try to review your math problems for 15 to 20 minutes per day. Your skills will build up over time, and you don’t need to try too hard! Teach a math problem or concept to someone else. Learning by teaching someone is a great way to review concepts. Invite a friend or family member. ______ If you can’t move on, review your notes or textbook again until you can explain it clearly. By building up your skills and practicing every day, you can make math easier and have a higher chance of success. 1．What is the answer to the question in paragraph 2? A．38×0.3=11.4 B．38×0.3×2=22.8 C．38× (1+0.3)=49.4 D．38× (1.0-0.3)=26.6 2．Which of the following is a tip for remembering maths concepts according to the text? A．Never use a calculator. B．Practice with a pencil and paper. C．Do math in your head when possible. D．Review math problems for hours each day. 3．What can we put in ______? A．They can make you feel better. B．They can teach you and give some advice. C．You need to talk to someone about your worries. D．Then explain to them what you’re doing and how you’re doing it. 4．Who may be interested in the text? A．Mike, a calculator maker. B．Lisa, a math competition leader. C．Mary, a university teacher teaching math. D．Tom, a middle school student learning math. 话题三：团队合作 Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize (批评) him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly. How did poor Sophia get into this mess? The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn’t simply a duty but a correctness. Failing to question or criticize Nathan’s work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they’re just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld (拒绝给) a gift from Nathan. “You’d better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback,” says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, “to help figure out (弄明白) someone’s best fit—in their particular job or in the organization.” This approach also prevents surprises. It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved (应受) it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance. Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback? “We like to be liked,” Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. “If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked.” Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard. Back to Sophia’s case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hark situation worse. But with a different mindset (思维模式), she could have set herself and Nathan up for success. 1．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance B．open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members C．criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader D．being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect 2．According to the writer, Sophia should ________. A．patiently encourage Nathan to try his best B．wisely have Nathan dropped out of the project C．politely show Nathan the improvement he made D．clearly tell Nathan her judgment of his performance 3．The expression “caught off-guard” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．guided impatiently B．sent out unfairly C．treated unexpectedly D．kicked out carelessly 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ________ A．To be nice or to be kind? B．Is it helpful for leaders to be moving? C．To be liked or to be criticized? D．Is it important for leaders to be pleasing? 话题四：志愿服务/社会责任 In nature, animals need to change over time if they want to survive. These changes usually happen slowly. But one kind of bird, the Anna’s hummingbird, is changing faster than any other animal. Anna’s hummingbirds are tiny birds, and they are no bigger than an egg. They have beautiful feathers and a long beak. However, researchers found that more and more of these birds were born with longer and thinner beaks.       Researchers made this discovery by studying more than 100 hummingbird specimens (标本) in museums. They measured their beaks and found that the shape and size of their beaks had changed a lot. Amazingly, the physical changes began when people started putting up feeders (喂食器) in their gardens or backyards. The feeders served to help the birds during hard times. In winter, people filled the feeders with sugar water. And the birds would drink it for energy. To drink more, the birds developed longer and thinner beaks. Surprisingly, the longer beaks made room for bigger tongues (舌头), allowing the birds to get more sugar water at a time. Their beaks also became sharper (更锋利的). That could help the birds protect food from other hungry animals. The changes didn’t stop there. Anna’s hummingbirds now live in more areas. They used to live mostly in northern Mexico and southern California. Now, you can find them even in Canada. Professor Mark Jones explained, “Warmer winters because of climate change might have helped a bit, but the feeders probably played the biggest part. They offered the birds food when it was cold. This helped the birds survive in northern areas.” 1．Which question does paragraph 2 answer? A．Where do Anna’s hummingbirds live? B．What do Anna’s hummingbirds look like? C．How did Anna’s hummingbirds get their name? D．Why are Anna’s hummingbirds changing so fast? 2．What do we know about the birds from paragraph 5? A．Their ability to protect food has improved. B．Their favourite food has become less. C．They look more beautiful with longer beaks. D．They have bigger tongues than other birds. 3．Why did the birds change according to Professor Mark Jones? A．Climate change makes winter shorter. B．It was getting harder for them to find food. C．Their living environments became worse. D．They needed more energy from the feeders. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．All animals need humans’ help to survive. B．Human activities can unexpectedly affect wildlife. C．Anna’s hummingbirds are the most amazing birds. D．Anna’s hummingbirds need more areas to survive. 话题五：观察自然/人与自然和谐共处 The Nile River, located in northeastern Africa, is over 4,000 miles long and is seen as the longest river in the world. While Egypt is commonly connected with the Nile, the river actually flows through 11 countries across both northern and eastern Africa. It has two main branches: the White Nile and the Blue Nile. These two rivers meet in Khartoum, Sudan, where they form the main stream of the Nile. The Nile has been of great importance for human history. Around 5,000 years ago, the Ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile for fresh water, food, and transportation. The Nile also provided them with land for farming. How did the Nile allow them to farm on the dry desert land? The answer is that the river flooded every August! And when it did, the nutrient-rich soil (营养丰富的土壤) carried by the water spread across the river banks, leaving behind thick and wet mud (泥) perfect for growing crops. However, nowadays, the Nile no longer floods each year. This is because in 1970 the Aswan High Dam (阿斯旺高坝) was built. This huge dam controls the water of the river to produce power, irrigate (灌溉) the farmland and provide drinking water for homes. More than 95% of the people in Egypt depend on its water and live within a few miles of the river banks. The Nile is not just important to humans. The river and its banks are home to lots of wild animals, including different kinds of fish and birds. To show their gratitude and respect to this great river, the Egyptians have a two-week holiday in August called Wafaa El-Nil to celebrate the ancient flooding of the Nile. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about the Nile River? A．It is located in northwest Africa. B．It flows through more than ten countries. C．The Blue Nile is longer than the White Nile. 2．Why could the Ancient Egyptians farm on the dry desert land? A．The water in the Nile was clear. B．The banks of the Nile were wide. C．The Nile provided them with rich soil. 3．What does the underlined word “gratitude” in the last paragraph mean? A．thanks B．fear C．hope 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．How the Aswan High Dam changed the Nile. B．The reason people celebrate the flooding of the Nile. C．The basic information and the importance of the Nile. China’s Shenzhou-23 Mission: A Big Step in Space [社会热点] China sent up the Shenzhou-23 manned spaceship successfully at 11:08 p.m. on May 24, 2026. A Long March-2F rocket (长征二号F型火箭) carried the spaceship into the sky from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (酒泉卫星发射中心). It flew for about 10 minutes and got into its planned space orbit (轨道) safely. This is the first of China’s three manned space tasks in 2026. This space mission has many new and meaningful achievements. The three astronauts are Zhu Yangzhu, Zhang Zhiyuan and Li Jiaying. Li Jiaying is the first astronaut from Hong Kong. What’s more, the team will try a hard new challenge: one astronaut will stay in space for a whole year. It will be one of the longest space stays around the world. Scientists also made many useful changes to the Shenzhou-23 spaceship. Earlier, a window on Shenzhou-20 was broken by small space rubbish. To fix this problem, workers made stronger windows for Shenzhou-23. The new windows have three protective layers (层), so they are much safer. Besides, the spaceship can now bring back more experiment materials to Earth. Before, it could only carry around 50 kilograms of things on the way back. Now its load is over 100 kilograms. With more space for research things, scientists can get more results from space experiments. The successful launch shows China is making steady progress in space exploration. It also helps prepare for China’s future manned trip to the moon. 1．Why did engineers strengthen the windows of Shenzhou-23? A．Space rubbish once damaged a window of a former spaceship. B．The old windows could not help astronauts look outside. C．The new three-layer windows cost much less than before. D．People wanted to make the spaceship look more beautiful. 2．What can we know about the return load (承载量) of the spaceship? A．It is just 50 kilograms now. B．It becomes more than twice as large as before. C．It can carry 150 kilograms at most. D．It is only used to carry astronauts’ daily things. 3．What is one of the great difficulties for this space mission? A．Building a new space station in space. B．Making a future trip to the moon right now. C．One astronaut will live in space for twelve months. D．Walking in space every day during the mission. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The history of China’s space exploration. B．The meaning of the successful launch of Shenzhou-23. C．The future plans for all Chinese spaceships. D．Different tasks of China’s 2026 space missions. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 阅读理解 单元话题概览 单元 话题主题 核心话题（中文） 话题简述 Unit 1 Career talks 职业话题 / 职业规划 了解不同职业，探讨职业变迁（如传统职业消失与新兴职业涌现），引导学生表达未来理想，培养职业规划意识。 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 成长中的烦恼与收获 围绕青春期成长中的困惑与得失，帮助学生正视心理变化，学会情绪管理与自我调适。 Unit 3 What makes a great team? 团队合作 探讨优秀团队的特质与团队合作的重要性，提升沟通协作能力与集体荣誉感。 Unit 4 Helping out 志愿服务 / 社会责任 倡导乐于助人与志愿服务精神，鼓励参与公益活动，培养公民意识与社会责任感。 Unit 5 Looking into nature 观察自然 / 探索自然 引导学生观察和探索自然现象，激发科学探究兴趣与好奇心。 Unit 6 Living with nature 人与自然和谐共生 强调人与自然的和谐相处，增强环保意识，树立可持续发展观念。 话题一：职业 （25-26八年级下·安徽合肥·期中）Have you ever imagined what jobs might be like in the future? With the rapid development of technology, many new types of jobs have appeared. These jobs didn't exist ten or twenty years ago, but now they are becoming popular and important. One example is the drone pilot. Drones are flying machines without a person inside. Drone pilots control them from the ground. They use drones to take photos, deliver packages, or even help in farming. Another new job is social media manager. This person manages a company's social media accounts like Weibo or TikTok. They post interesting content and talk with customers online. A third new job is e-sports player. E-sports means playing video games competitively. Professional e-sports players train for hours every day and take part in big competitions with huge prize money. These new jobs are not only exciting but also challenging. For example, drone pilots need to learn flying skills and safety rules. Social media managers must be creative and good at communicating. E-sports players need quick reactions and strong teamwork. As technology keeps changing, more new jobs will appear in the future. So it's important for young people to stay curious and keep learning new skills. 1．According to the passage, what do drone pilots do? A．They fly inside drones to take photos. B．They control drones from the ground. C．They repair broken drones. D．They teach people how to play e-sports. 2．The word “competitively” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．friendly and relaxing B．involving a contest or game to win C．boring and difficult D．only for fun 3．Which skill is important for a social media manager? A．Flying skills. B．Quick reactions. C．Creativity and communication. D．Farming knowledge. 4．What does the writer suggest young people should do for the future? A．Stay curious and learn new skills. B．Only focus on school subjects. C．Stop using technology. D．Become e-sports players. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了随着科技发展出现的几种新职业（无人机飞行员、社交媒体经理、电子竞技选手），它们所需的技能以及对年轻人的建议。 【详解】1．第二段“Drone pilots control them from the ground.”可知，无人机飞行员是从地面控制无人机，而不是坐在里面。 2．第二段划线词后的内容“Professional e-sports players train for hours every day and take part in big competitions with huge prize money.”可知，这里的玩游戏是为了比赛和获胜，因此“competitively”意为“竞争性地”，即涉及contest或game to win。 3．第三段“Social media managers must be creative and good at communicating.”可知，该职位需要创造力和沟通能力。 4．最后一段“So it’s important for young people to stay curious and keep learning new skills.”可知，作者建议年轻人要保持好奇心和学习新技能。 话题二：成长的痛苦与收获 Peer pressure is a common experience for many teens. It means doing something just because you don’t want to be left out by your friends. Sometimes it can be good— like encouraging you to study harder or join a sports club. But often, it makes you feel bad for being different from others. Colin, a middle school student, knows this well. His hobby is knitting (编织) which many of his classmates think is “unusual”. Some even laugh at him, and not all his friends accept his hobby. Most of his friends prefer activities like playing soccer or spending time on screens. Colin feels lonely and wonders if he should give up knitting to fit in. Hannah, who helps teens with problems, shares a story about her friend. He has loved dancing ballet since he was a kid. At school, other kids made fun of him for his hobby. But he didn’t give up. He kept practicing hard, and now he is very successful. Surprisingly, he is thankful to those kids— their jokes pushed him to work harder. Hannah’s advice for Colin and other teens is simple: Don’t let peer pressure control you. Be proud of who you are and your hobbies. Try sharing your hobby with friends—they might understand you better. Remember, being different is not a bad thing; it’s what makes you special. 1．What is Colin’s hobby that his classmates don’t accept? A．Knitting. B．Playing soccer. C．Reading books. D．Playing video games. 2．What happened to Hannah’s friend in the end? A．He gave up ballet to fit in. B．He became successful at ballet. C．He fought with the kids who laughed at him. D．He changed his hobby to sports. 3．Why was Hannah’s friend thankful to the kids who made fun of him? A．They helped him learn ballet better. B．He used their jokes as motivation (动力) to practice harder. C．They later became his biggest fans. D．He wanted to show he was kind. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Colin’s Unusual Hobby B．How to Make More Friends C．Be Yourself: How to Deal with Peer Pressure D．Hannah’s Great Advice on Studying 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讨论了青少年常见的同侪压力问题，通过Colin和Hannah朋友的事例，建议青少年要坚持自我，不要受他人控制，并将压力转化为动力。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“His hobby is knitting(编织) which many of his classmates think is ‘unusual’. Some even laugh at him, and not all his friends accept his hobby.”可知，Colin的爱好是编织，同学们觉得不寻常且不完全接受。 2．根据第三段中“He kept practicing hard, and now he is very successful.”可知，Hannah的朋友坚持练习芭蕾，最终非常成功。 3．根据第三段“Surprisingly, he is thankful to those kids— their jokes pushed him to work harder.”可知，他感谢那些孩子是因为他们的玩笑促使他更努力地练习，即作为动力。 4．文章第一段引出同侪压力，第二、三段通过实例说明压力带来的影响及应对，最后一段给出建议“Don’t let peer pressure control you. Be proud of who you are...”，因此，“Be Yourself: How to Deal with Peer Pressure”是最合适的标题。 话题三：团队合作 （25-26八年级下·陕西渭南·期中）In a small town, two bakeries (面包店), one owned by Mrs. Lee and the other by Mr. Brown, were famous for their bread. The competition between them was very fierce (激烈的). One year, the price of flour went up very high. Both bakeries were in trouble. Mrs. Lee’s son thought she should lower the quality of her bread to save money, but she refused. “We must stick to our standards (标准),” she said. Meanwhile, Mr. Brown was also struggling. He thought about closing his bakery. One evening, Mrs. Lee had an idea. The next day, she went to Mr. Brown and said, “Why don’t we buy flour together? We can get a better price, and both of our bakeries can keep running.” Mr. Brown was surprised. He had seen Mrs. Lee as an enemy. But her idea was smart, and her kindness touched him. They agreed to cooperate. Not only did they save their businesses, but they also started to share recipes and ideas. Their town finally had the best bread ever. The competition between them didn’t disappear, but it became friendly and pushed them to improve. They learnt that sometimes, kindness and cooperation can lead to better results for everyone than trying to fight alone.＊The word “flour” means a white powder that is used in cooking for making bread, cakes, and so on. 1．What was the relationship between Mrs. Lee and Mr. Brown at the beginning? A．Good friends. B．Competitors. C．Teacher and student. D．Business partners. 2．The underlined word “struggling” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”. A．growing fast B．feeling relaxed C．having a hard time D．feeling happy 3．According to Paragraph 2, why did Mr. Brown feel surprised at Mrs. Lee’s words? A．Because Mrs. Lee offered to cooperate. B．Because the price of flour went down suddenly. C．Because she found a way to save her bakery alone. D．Because Mrs. Lee decided to lower her bread quality. 4．What is the main idea of the story? A．Competition is always bad. B．The price of flour is very important. C．It’s impossible for competitors to work together. D．Kindness and cooperation create win-win situations. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了小镇上李太太和布朗先生的两家面包店原本是竞争对手，面粉涨价后两家都陷入经营困境；李太太拒绝降低面包品质，主动提出和布朗先生联合采购面粉降低成本，两人合作后不但保住了生意，还共同提升了面包品质，最终收获了比单打独斗更好的结果。 【详解】1．根据第一段第二句“The competition between them was very fierce.”可知两人起初是竞争对手关系。 2．根据第一段中“…Both bakeries were in trouble.”以及后文“He thought about closing his bakery.”可知面粉价格暴涨，两家面包店都陷入经营困境，布朗先生甚至已经在考虑关闭自己的面包店，说明他当时也处境艰难，因此struggling的含义是“过得艰难”，对应C选项“having a hard time”。 3．根据第二段中“Mr. Brown was surprised. He had seen Mrs. Lee as an enemy.”可知布朗先生一直把李太太当成竞争对手，而李太太却主动提出一起合买面粉、合作经营，这完全超出了布朗的预期，因此他感到惊讶。 4．根据文章第三段中最后一句“They learnt that sometimes, kindness and cooperation can lead to better results for everyone than trying to fight alone.”点明主旨：比起独自争斗，善意和合作能给所有人带来更好的结果，也就是双赢，对应D选项。 话题四：志愿服务/社会责任 ①Teaching children to help others is one of the most valuable lessons. Why? ②Encouraging children to help others can make them kind and empathetic (有同理心的). So they are good at understanding and cooperating with others. As a result, they are more likely to build stronger and more meaningful relationships. When children help others, they can also develop a sense of achievement and responsibility. This encourages them to be helpful. ③There are many ways to get children to practise kindness. They can start learning to help at home by doing chores. For example, after finishing the meal, they can be asked to help clean up the table. It teaches them that being part of a family means sharing responsibilities.       ④Schools also provide children with the chance to help their peers in various ways. They can help by sharing stationery (文具), offering learning support, or simply by inviting a classmate to join in a game. The acts of kindness help them build friendships. ⑤What’s more, it is necessary to teach children to care for the environment. Encourage them to do little things, such as picking up plastic bottles in parks, planting trees, or saving water. And tell them that they can also help by spreading ideas on green living. For example, they can start a conversation about reducing waste with their friends. ⑥In short, when children learn to help, they first become better people themselves. Then, through their actions, they can make the whole world a better place. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．What children can gain from helping others. B．How children learn to cooperate with others. C．Why it is necessary to build good relationships. D．Where children can practise kindness in everyday life. 2．Why does the writer suggest children first learn to help with chores? A．They can improve their life skills by doing chores. B．They will feel a strong sense of achievement. C．It teaches them to be helpful and responsible. D．It is a good way to make their parents happy. 3．What does the underlined word “various” most probably mean? A．Different. B．Interesting. C．Special. D．Strange. 4．How is the text organised? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了教孩子帮助他人的重要性，阐述了孩子从中能获得的成长，以及在家、在学校和在社会中践行善意的多种方式。 【详解】1．原文第二段提到“Encouraging children to help others can make them kind and empathetic... As a result, they are more likely to build stronger and more meaningful relationships. When children help others, they can also develop a sense of achievement and responsibility.”，由此可知第二段主要讲述了孩子从帮助他人中能获得的益处。 2．原文第三段提到“It teaches them that being part of a family means sharing responsibilities.”，结合前文的“help at home by doing chores”，可知作者建议孩子先从帮忙做家务开始，是因为这能教会他们乐于助人并承担责任。 3．原文第四段提到“Schools also provide children with the chance to help their peers in various ways. They can help by sharing stationery, offering learning support, or simply by inviting a classmate to join in a game.”，句中列举了多种帮助同学的方式，由此可推断“various”的意思是不同的。 4．文章结构为：①提出教孩子帮助他人是重要课程；②阐述帮助他人的好处；③④⑤分别介绍在家、在学校、在社会中帮助他人的方式；⑥总结帮助他人的意义。因此结构为①②为总起，引出③④⑤的分述，最后以⑥总结。 话题五：观察自然/人与自然和谐共处 （25-26八年级下·全国·课后作业）① Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: They do communicate with each other. ② It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (吸引黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. ③ More surprisingly, plants also use sounds to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. ④ Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication. The system can link (连接) nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help avoid these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 33．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will make the wasps kill the insects. C．They will send out signals to drive insects away. D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help. 34．What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give people hope for further studies. B．To praise (表扬) scientists for their great achievements. C．To call on people to protect the plants on earth. D．To encourage people to communicate with plants. 35．Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 36．What is the best title for the passage? A．The secret language of plants B．The study on the plant warning system C．The plants that give warnings D．The reason why scientists do research on plants 【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．A 【导语】本文介绍了植物之间通过化学物质、声音和“林下网络”进行交流的科学研究发现。 【详解】33．第二段指出植物受昆虫攻击时的反应：“The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves...Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps! The wasps kill the insects”，说明植物会释放化学物质作为警告或求助信号。 34．最后一段指出：“Scientists are learning more every day...Maybe one day we will know enough...to be able to ‘talk’ with them ourselves.”，说明作者对进一步研究抱有希望。 35．文章结构为：第一段引出话题，第二、三、四段分别介绍三种交流方式，第五段总结展望，符合“总—分—总”结构，对应B项。 36．全文围绕植物之间的交流方式展开，介绍了化学信号、声音和“林下网络”，因此“植物的秘密语言”是最佳标题。 话题一：职业 Imagine you’re hiking in the mountains and a heavy rain starts. You lose your way and the situation becomes unsafe. At this time, the Blue Sky Rescue Team could be your hope—a group of professionally (专业地) trained team members is ready to save you. This great group started in the early 2000s when outdoor activities got popular in China. At that time, a growing number of climbers got lost or hurt in the mountains. However, there weren’t enough professional rescuers available to help—that’s why the Blue Sky Rescue Team started. Offering free rescue services, the team has saved lots of lives over the years. Usually, they can help to look for missing people, save people who fall into the river or move injured (受伤的) people to a safe place. Whether people are in cities or in the mountains, they can call this team for help. However, if the situation is too serious, like in an air crash, the team is unable to help. If you want to be a member, here are some things you must do: ·Have a job. ·Complete more than 100 hours of practice and pass tests. ·Volunteer at least 200 hours every year. From a small mountain rescue group to a famous life­saving team, it shows us that strong teamwork can help people do wonderful things! They give hope to a lot of people! 1．Why did the team start at first? A．To get popular in China. B．To save people in rainstorms. C．To save lost or hurt climbers. D．To join in professional activities. 2．In which sentence can you put the word “rescue” in Paragraph 3? A．I get better grades through my dad’s ________. B．My friends need a ________ for the coming party. C．The kid in the fire received a ________ from firefighters in time. D．The volunteers used a small boat to ________ the river. 3．What do you know about the Blue Sky Rescue Team according to the passage? A．It is difficult to be a member of the team. B．It can save people from all kinds of unsafe situations. C．It’s a professional rescue team for mountain climbers only. D．It’s necessary to volunteer at least 300 hours every year. 4．Why does the writer write the article? A．To teach us how to ask the Blue Sky Rescue Team for help. B．To show us some facts about the Blue Sky Rescue Team. C．To advise us to be volunteers of the Blue Sky Rescue Team. D．To tell us how to set up a team like the Blue Sky Rescue Team. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了蓝天救援队的成立背景、作用、加入条件以及其在救援行动中的重要性。 【详解】1． 细节理解题。根据“At that time, a growing number of climbers got lost or hurt in the mountains. However, there weren’t enough professional rescuers available to help—that’s why the Blue Sky Rescue Team started.”可知，开始是为了救在山里迷路或者受伤的登山者，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Offering free rescue services, the team saved lots of lives over the years.”可知，该队提供免费的救援服务，多年来拯救了许多人的生命。所以划线单词的“rescue”意为“救援”，C选项“火灾中的那个小孩及时从消防队员那里得到了救援”表达正确。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“If you want to be a member, here are some things you must do: ·Have a job. ·Complete more than 100 hours of practice and pass tests. ·Volunteer at least 200 hours every year.”可知，想成为蓝天救援队的会员，需要做很多事情，推断成为救援队的会员很难。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“From a small mountain rescue group to a famous lifesaving team, it shows us that strong teamwork can help people do wonderful things!”以及全文可知，作者的目的是向我们展示蓝天救援队的一些事实。故选B。 话题二：成长的痛苦与收获 It’s true: math is difficult. As a result, a lot of kids have problems learning math at some point in their lives. Use these tips and tricks to solve math problems more easily. Practice math in everyday situations. Make math part of your daily life so you can practice it naturally. For example, if a sweater that’s usually $38 is on sale for 30% off, what is the sale price? Use math in mind if you can. Doing math in your head can help you remember key concepts (概念). Some problems need a pencil and paper to get started; however, “+”, “－”, “×”, and “÷” are ones you can do in your head. If you come across an easy problem, do it in your mind first before turning to a calculator (计算器). Review (复习) math concepts every day. Practice makes perfect, and math is no exception. Set a study plan for yourself and try to review your math problems for 15 to 20 minutes per day. Your skills will build up over time, and you don’t need to try too hard! Teach a math problem or concept to someone else. Learning by teaching someone is a great way to review concepts. Invite a friend or family member. ______ If you can’t move on, review your notes or textbook again until you can explain it clearly. By building up your skills and practicing every day, you can make math easier and have a higher chance of success. 1．What is the answer to the question in paragraph 2? A．38×0.3=11.4 B．38×0.3×2=22.8 C．38× (1+0.3)=49.4 D．38× (1.0-0.3)=26.6 2．Which of the following is a tip for remembering maths concepts according to the text? A．Never use a calculator. B．Practice with a pencil and paper. C．Do math in your head when possible. D．Review math problems for hours each day. 3．What can we put in ______? A．They can make you feel better. B．They can teach you and give some advice. C．You need to talk to someone about your worries. D．Then explain to them what you’re doing and how you’re doing it. 4．Who may be interested in the text? A．Mike, a calculator maker. B．Lisa, a math competition leader. C．Mary, a university teacher teaching math. D．Tom, a middle school student learning math. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了轻松学数学的实用技巧，如日常应用、心算练习、每日复习和教他人讲解概念。 【详解】1．第二段最后一句“if a sweater that’s usually $38 is on sale for 30% off, what is the sale price?”，原价38美元，折扣是30% off，应支付38×(1.0-0.3)=26.6。 2．第三段第二句“Doing math in your head can help you remember key concepts (概念).”，在脑子里做数学运算(心算)可以帮助记住数学概念。 3．前文提到“邀请朋友或家人”，后文提到“如果你讲不下去，就复习笔记或教科书直到能清晰解释”，空处需要说明邀请朋友和家人之后做的事情。D项“向他们解释你在做什么和怎么做”，自然引出后文的结果。 4．根据第一段“a lot of kids have problems learning math at some point in their lives. Use these tips and tricks to solve math problems more easily.”，目标读者是“学数学有困难”的学生。 话题三：团队合作 Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize (批评) him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly. How did poor Sophia get into this mess? The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn’t simply a duty but a correctness. Failing to question or criticize Nathan’s work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case; they’re just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld (拒绝给) a gift from Nathan. “You’d better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback,” says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, “to help figure out (弄明白) someone’s best fit—in their particular job or in the organization.” This approach also prevents surprises. It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved (应受) it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance. Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback? “We like to be liked,” Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. “If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked.” Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard. Back to Sophia’s case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hark situation worse. But with a different mindset (思维模式), she could have set herself and Nathan up for success. 1．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．praise and encouragement from leaders bring out better team performance B．open and honest communication is a must for leaders and team members C．criticizing team members results in serious complaints to the leader D．being nice to team members is likely to win leaders great respect 2．According to the writer, Sophia should ________. A．patiently encourage Nathan to try his best B．wisely have Nathan dropped out of the project C．politely show Nathan the improvement he made D．clearly tell Nathan her judgment of his performance 3．The expression “caught off-guard” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．guided impatiently B．sent out unfairly C．treated unexpectedly D．kicked out carelessly 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ________ A．To be nice or to be kind? B．Is it helpful for leaders to be moving? C．To be liked or to be criticized? D．Is it important for leaders to be pleasing? 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文以索菲亚和内森为例，谈论团队领袖的问题：是要做好人还是要友善。 1．观点态度题。根据“You’d better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback”和“It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved (应受) it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.”可知，作者会同意这样的观点，领导者和团队成员必须进行开放和诚实的沟通。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership—the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn’t simply a duty but a correctness.”可知，索菲亚之所以陷入这样的困境是因为她没有尽到为团队成员提供明确反馈的义务。因此，索菲亚应该清楚地告诉内森对他表现的评价。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“This approach also prevents surprises. It’s not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved (应受) it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn’t have been caught off-guard, because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.”可知，如果领导和蔼可亲，对团队成员的表现给予公开的、坦诚的、持续和清楚的评价，成员们在被移出团队时就不会感到惊讶，不会措手不及。因此caught off-guard意为“措手不及”，与treated unexpectedly同义。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了索菲亚作为团队领导者，希望内森按要求完成他在历史项目中的任务。然而，索菲亚并没有批评他，而是给予礼貌的鼓励，试图推动他，但发现内森一直落后。最终，其他团队成员不得不承担更多的工作，抱怨索菲亚和内森，而内森本人则抱怨自己没有得到公平对待。索菲亚之所以陷入这种困境，主要原因是她没有履行领导者的一个关键职责，即为团队成员提供明确的反馈，由此可知，本文主要谈论如何做一个领导者，是要做好人还是要友善。故选A。 话题四：志愿服务/社会责任 In nature, animals need to change over time if they want to survive. These changes usually happen slowly. But one kind of bird, the Anna’s hummingbird, is changing faster than any other animal. Anna’s hummingbirds are tiny birds, and they are no bigger than an egg. They have beautiful feathers and a long beak. However, researchers found that more and more of these birds were born with longer and thinner beaks.       Researchers made this discovery by studying more than 100 hummingbird specimens (标本) in museums. They measured their beaks and found that the shape and size of their beaks had changed a lot. Amazingly, the physical changes began when people started putting up feeders (喂食器) in their gardens or backyards. The feeders served to help the birds during hard times. In winter, people filled the feeders with sugar water. And the birds would drink it for energy. To drink more, the birds developed longer and thinner beaks. Surprisingly, the longer beaks made room for bigger tongues (舌头), allowing the birds to get more sugar water at a time. Their beaks also became sharper (更锋利的). That could help the birds protect food from other hungry animals. The changes didn’t stop there. Anna’s hummingbirds now live in more areas. They used to live mostly in northern Mexico and southern California. Now, you can find them even in Canada. Professor Mark Jones explained, “Warmer winters because of climate change might have helped a bit, but the feeders probably played the biggest part. They offered the birds food when it was cold. This helped the birds survive in northern areas.” 1．Which question does paragraph 2 answer? A．Where do Anna’s hummingbirds live? B．What do Anna’s hummingbirds look like? C．How did Anna’s hummingbirds get their name? D．Why are Anna’s hummingbirds changing so fast? 2．What do we know about the birds from paragraph 5? A．Their ability to protect food has improved. B．Their favourite food has become less. C．They look more beautiful with longer beaks. D．They have bigger tongues than other birds. 3．Why did the birds change according to Professor Mark Jones? A．Climate change makes winter shorter. B．It was getting harder for them to find food. C．Their living environments became worse. D．They needed more energy from the feeders. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．All animals need humans’ help to survive. B．Human activities can unexpectedly affect wildlife. C．Anna’s hummingbirds are the most amazing birds. D．Anna’s hummingbirds need more areas to survive. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了安娜蜂鸟因人类喂食器的影响，喙部等身体特征发生快速变化，分布范围也随之扩大的现象，并探讨了喂食器在这一过程中起到的关键作用。 【详解】1．第二段提到“Anna’s hummingbirds are tiny birds, and they are no bigger than an egg. They have beautiful feathers and a long beak.”，这些内容都是在描述安娜蜂鸟的体型、羽毛和喙部等外形特征。 2．第五段提到“Their beaks also became sharper (更锋利的). That could help the birds protect food from other hungry animals.”，说明蜂鸟的喙变得更锋利，保护食物的能力得到了提升。选项 D 中“比其他鸟类舌头更大”属于偷换概念，文中仅说“longer beaks made room for bigger tongues (舌头)”，是和自身过去对比，不是和其他鸟类对比；B、C 两项文中未提及。 3．最后一段Mark Jones教授提到“Warmer winters because of climate change might have helped a bit, but the feeders probably played the biggest part. They offered the birds food when it was cold.”，说明喂食器为蜂鸟提供了食物来源，而蜂鸟为了从喂食器中获取更多糖水、获得更多能量，才进化出了更长的喙。 4．全文讲述了人类在花园放置喂食器的行为，意外导致安娜蜂鸟的身体特征和分布范围发生改变，体现了人类活动会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响。A 选项“all animals”表述过于绝对；C 选项“most amazing”文中未提及；D 选项“need more areas”不是文章主旨，文章强调的是喂食器帮助它们扩大了分布范围，而非它们本身“需要更多区域”。 话题五：观察自然/人与自然和谐共处 The Nile River, located in northeastern Africa, is over 4,000 miles long and is seen as the longest river in the world. While Egypt is commonly connected with the Nile, the river actually flows through 11 countries across both northern and eastern Africa. It has two main branches: the White Nile and the Blue Nile. These two rivers meet in Khartoum, Sudan, where they form the main stream of the Nile. The Nile has been of great importance for human history. Around 5,000 years ago, the Ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile for fresh water, food, and transportation. The Nile also provided them with land for farming. How did the Nile allow them to farm on the dry desert land? The answer is that the river flooded every August! And when it did, the nutrient-rich soil (营养丰富的土壤) carried by the water spread across the river banks, leaving behind thick and wet mud (泥) perfect for growing crops. However, nowadays, the Nile no longer floods each year. This is because in 1970 the Aswan High Dam (阿斯旺高坝) was built. This huge dam controls the water of the river to produce power, irrigate (灌溉) the farmland and provide drinking water for homes. More than 95% of the people in Egypt depend on its water and live within a few miles of the river banks. The Nile is not just important to humans. The river and its banks are home to lots of wild animals, including different kinds of fish and birds. To show their gratitude and respect to this great river, the Egyptians have a two-week holiday in August called Wafaa El-Nil to celebrate the ancient flooding of the Nile. 1．Which of the following is TRUE about the Nile River? A．It is located in northwest Africa. B．It flows through more than ten countries. C．The Blue Nile is longer than the White Nile. 2．Why could the Ancient Egyptians farm on the dry desert land? A．The water in the Nile was clear. B．The banks of the Nile were wide. C．The Nile provided them with rich soil. 3．What does the underlined word “gratitude” in the last paragraph mean? A．thanks B．fear C．hope 4．What is the main idea of this text? A．How the Aswan High Dam changed the Nile. B．The reason people celebrate the flooding of the Nile. C．The basic information and the importance of the Nile. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了尼罗河的基本信息及其对人类历史、农业、能源和野生动物的深远意义。 【详解】1．第一段“the river actually flows through 11 countries”表明尼罗河流经11个国家，超过10个，B项正确。 2．第二段“when it did, the nutrient-rich soil carried by the water spread across the river banks, leaving behind thick and wet mud perfect for growing crops”表明，尼罗河泛滥后留下营养丰富的土壤，使古埃及人能在干旱的沙漠土地上耕作。 3．最后一段“To show their gratitude and respect to this great river, the Egyptians have a two-week holiday...to celebrate”表明，埃及人用节日来表达对尼罗河的“感谢和尊敬”，gratitude意为“感激”，与thanks同义。 4．全文从地理位置、历史农业、现代水坝、野生动物到文化节日，多方面介绍了尼罗河的基本信息及其重要性，C项“The basic information and the importance of the Nile.”最能概括全文。 China’s Shenzhou-23 Mission: A Big Step in Space [社会热点] China sent up the Shenzhou-23 manned spaceship successfully at 11:08 p.m. on May 24, 2026. A Long March-2F rocket (长征二号F型火箭) carried the spaceship into the sky from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (酒泉卫星发射中心). It flew for about 10 minutes and got into its planned space orbit (轨道) safely. This is the first of China’s three manned space tasks in 2026. This space mission has many new and meaningful achievements. The three astronauts are Zhu Yangzhu, Zhang Zhiyuan and Li Jiaying. Li Jiaying is the first astronaut from Hong Kong. What’s more, the team will try a hard new challenge: one astronaut will stay in space for a whole year. It will be one of the longest space stays around the world. Scientists also made many useful changes to the Shenzhou-23 spaceship. Earlier, a window on Shenzhou-20 was broken by small space rubbish. To fix this problem, workers made stronger windows for Shenzhou-23. The new windows have three protective layers (层), so they are much safer. Besides, the spaceship can now bring back more experiment materials to Earth. Before, it could only carry around 50 kilograms of things on the way back. Now its load is over 100 kilograms. With more space for research things, scientists can get more results from space experiments. The successful launch shows China is making steady progress in space exploration. It also helps prepare for China’s future manned trip to the moon. 1．Why did engineers strengthen the windows of Shenzhou-23? A．Space rubbish once damaged a window of a former spaceship. B．The old windows could not help astronauts look outside. C．The new three-layer windows cost much less than before. D．People wanted to make the spaceship look more beautiful. 2．What can we know about the return load (承载量) of the spaceship? A．It is just 50 kilograms now. B．It becomes more than twice as large as before. C．It can carry 150 kilograms at most. D．It is only used to carry astronauts’ daily things. 3．What is one of the great difficulties for this space mission? A．Building a new space station in space. B．Making a future trip to the moon right now. C．One astronaut will live in space for twelve months. D．Walking in space every day during the mission. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The history of China’s space exploration. B．The meaning of the successful launch of Shenzhou-23. C．The future plans for all Chinese spaceships. D．Different tasks of China’s 2026 space missions. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍神舟二十三号飞船成功发射，介绍本次航天任务的航天员、飞船改进之处，并说明此次发射的重大意义。 【详解】1．根据文章第三段第二句“Earlier, a window on Shenzhou-20 was broken by small space rubbish.”以及第三句“To fix this problem, workers made stronger windows for Shenzhou-23.”可知，加固窗户是因为之前的飞船窗户曾被太空垃圾损坏。 2．根据文章第四段第三、四句“Before, it could only carry around 50 kilograms of things on the way back. Now its load is over 100 kilograms.”可知，现在的承载量（超过100公斤）是以前（约50公斤）的两倍多。 3．根据文章第二段最后一句“What’s more, the team will try a hard new challenge: one astronaut will stay in space for a whole year.”可知，此次任务的困难之一是宇航员需在太空生活12个月。 4．文章最后一段提到“The successful launch shows China is making steady progress in space exploration. It also helps prepare for China’s future manned trip to the moon.”，主要阐述了神舟二十三号成功发射的意义和影响。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $