第3讲 Unit 3核心语法：动词不定式（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第03讲 U3核心语法：动词不定式 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握不定式基本结构与否定形式 2. 精通宾语、宾补、目的状语用法 3. 熟记省略to的特殊规则 4. 熟练运用固定句型，语境解题 学习重点 1. 不定式基础结构与否定用法 2. 三大核心句法功能必考考点 3. 情态使役/感官动词省to规则 4. 高频不定式固定句型应用 学习难点 1. 感官动词主动被动句式to的变化 2. 不定式与动名词语义辨析 3. 目的状语否定形式精准运用 4. 复杂句式不定式成分判断 语法知识精讲 知识模块 具体内容 例句（中英对照） 1. 定义与结构 ① 定义：由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，表动作、目的、结果等（to 有时可省略） ② 基本结构：to + do（肯定式） I want to read a book.（我想读一本书。） 2. 常见用法 ① 作宾语（跟在 want, hope, decide 等动词后） ② 作目的状语（表 “为了……”） ③ 作宾语补足语（跟在 ask, tell, teach 等动词后） ① She hopes to visit Beijing.（她希望去北京。） ② He gets up early to catch the bus.（他早起为了赶公交。） ③ My mom tells me to study hard.（妈妈叫我努力学习。） 3. 否定式 在 to 前加 not，结构：not to do They ask us not to be late.（他们叫我们别迟到。） 4. 省略 to 的情况 ① 情态动词后（can, may, must, will 等） ② 使役动词后（let, make, have） ③ 感官动词后（see, hear, watch, feel，强调 “全过程” 时） ① I can speak English.（我会说英语。） ② Let him go.（让他走。） ③ I see her dance every day.（我每天看她跳舞。） 5. 高频误区 ① 避免重复：前有实义动词 do 时，不定式 to 可省（如：I can do nothing but wait.） ② 疑问词 + 不定式：what, how 等后接 to do（如：I don’t know what to buy.） ① He did nothing but play games.（他除了玩游戏什么都没做。） ② She knows how to cook.（她知道怎么做饭。） 语法知识精练 题型一：带to的动词不定式 【典例】 —I don’t know ________ when we are in trouble at school. — Our teachers and friends are always the first choice. A．how can I face them B．who to talk about C．who to ask for help D．what I can do 【即练1】 They are surprised ________ know the truth. A．to B．at C．for D．of 【即练2】 He kept quiet ________ disturb his sleeping mother. A．in order to B．in order not to C．so as to D．so that 【即练3】 The little boy is too young ________ the story by himself. A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood 题型二：不带to的动词不定式 【典例】 —Let’s ________ the lights to save energy. —Good idea! A．to turn on B．turning on C．turn off D．turn up 【即练1】 —I don’t know how to spend my weekend. —Why not ________ around the Hao River? Our city is well worth ________. A．ride; visit B．riding; visiting C．to ride; to visit D．ride; visiting 【即练2】 The bad air makes people ________ uncomfortable. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 【即练3】 —Do you often see the girl ________ fruit at the school gate? —Yes. But yesterday she was seen ________ empty bottles when I entered the classroom. A．sell; pick B．selling; picking C．to sell; to pick D．sell; picking 题型三：动词不定式作宾语 【典例】 —What’s your plan for the weekend? —Oh, I plan ________ a music lesson. Then I’ll visit my grandparents in the countryside. A．attend B．attended C．attending D．to attend 【即练1】 The most important thing is not to win a medal, but ______ part in the competition. A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 【即练2】 She was so busy that she ________ to the party. A．agreed going B．agreed to go C．refused going D．refused to go 【即练3】 You only need ________ the podcast onto your phone before starting the running plan. A．download B．to download C．downloading D．downloaded 题型四：动词不定式作宾补 【典例】 She’d like me ________ her with her English. A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 【即练1】 The security guard made the fans ________ the line and reminded them ________ pushing. A．keep; stop B．to keep; stop C．keep; to stop D．to keep; to stop 【即练2】 Parents should not allow their children ________ too much time on video games. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 【即练3】 Sports can inspire young people ________ fight for their dreams and stick to training. A．fight B．to fight C．fighting D．fought 题型五：动词不定式作目的状语 【典例】 In order to ________ a better community, all of us should play a part in ________ the environment (环境). A．create; protect B．create; protecting C．creating; protect D．creating; protecting 【即练1】 We should do what we can ________ the hunters from ________ the animals. A．to prevent; killing B．to prevent; to kill C．prevent; killing D．prevent; to kill 【即练2】 We should speak quietly __________ disturb others in the library. A．to not B．not to C．so as not to D．in order not 【即练3】 Write down some plans ________ solve the problems. A．to B．for C．of D．with 一、单项选择 1．The coach expects all players ________ hard for the coming match. A．to train B．train C．training D．trained 2．Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A．Can you imagine now I live in where used to be a graveyard? B．The equipment you provided is different from the one saw in your factory. C．Having not been warned about the wet floor, she fell heavily. D．All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next. 3．—I’ve put on ten pounds. —You should ________ to take more exercise and learn ________ a balanced diet. A．make an effort; what to keep B．try not; how to help C．try not; what to help D．make an effort; how to keep 4．________ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested ________ through our notes. A．To help; reading B．Helped; to read C．Helping; read D．Being helped; having read 5．—Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened?   —She fell down from the tree. A．cry B．to cry C．laugh D．to laugh 6．I usually forget ________ the door, but I remembered ________ it when I left yesterday. A．closing, closing B．to close, to close C．to close, closing D．closing, to close 7．It is important for teenagers ________ good living habits. A．form B．to form C．forming D．formed 8．Now many libraries try to ________ their old paper books to make it easier for readers to read online. A．digital B．digit C．digitalize D．digitally 9．After receiving standard moral education, most teenagers are careful enough _________ good habits of polite behavior in daily life. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 10．We all ________ the great scientist ________ one of the wisest people in history. A．consider; to be B．consider; being C．are considered; to be D．are considered; being 11．I ______ comedies ______ war movies when I spend my weekend. A．prefer; to watch B．prefer to watch; rather than see C．prefer watching; rather than see D．prefer; to seeing 12．I watched the great artist ______ the whole painting in the studio yesterday. A．paint B．to paint C．painting D．painted 13．It is better ________ out your problems than ________ silent alone. A．talk; keep B．to talk; to keep C．talking; keeping D．to talk; keeping 14．________ the Dragon Boat Festival, our community will organize a zongzi-making competition. A．Celebrating B．Celebrated C．To celebrate D．Celebrate 15．—Millie, I plan to visit Mount Huaguo tomorrow. But I can’t decide ________. —Try light shoes. They’re fit for climbing. A．what to wear B．when to leave C．how to get there D．where to take photos 16．It’s a good way ________ about different forms of traditional art. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 17．—It’s bad for our eyes to watch mobile phones for a long time. —Yes, you are right. My mother often tells me ________ too much time playing phone games. A．not spend B．to not spend C．not to spend D．don’t spend 18．Could you give me a piece of paper ________? A．to write B．to write down C．to write on D．to write with 19．—We usually use We Chat to chat with each other online. —That’s great. But I don’t know ________ it. A．what to use B．what can I use C．how can I use D．how to use 20．My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A．not play B．to not play C．doesn’t play D．not to play 二、完成句子 21．我国政府有严格的法律来保护森林、控制污染。 Our ________ has strict ________ to ________ ________ and ________ ________. 22．The hosts are nice. They invite us to dinner. (改为同义句) It’s nice ________the hosts ________invite us to dinner. 23．I listened carefully in maths class. I hope to improve my grades. ___________________________________________ 24．enough nice was dinner my to me to host invite (连词成句) __________________________________________________ 25．你嘲笑你的同学真是太可恶了。 It is ________ ________ you to ________ ________ your classmate. 26．I’m happy that I can make friends with you. (改为同义句) I’m happy ________ ________ friends with you. 27．他们相信只需花很少的时间参观一个数字展览，就能看到在实体博物馆中容易错过的细节。 They believe ________ ________ only a short time ________ ________ a digital exhibition and see details easily missed in a real museum. 28．最好提前告知朋友你要取消计划。 It is better ________ let your friends know ahead of time if you ________ your plan. 29．根据汉语提示补全句子。 I ________ dancing, so I ________ to be a dancer in the future. 我喜欢跳舞，所以我希望将来能成为一名舞者。 30．The movie is so boring that I want to leave. (改为简单句)   The movie is ________ ________ for me ________ leave. 三、语法选择 The Power of Curiosity The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He had a deep curiosity 1 the nature of electricity. He did lots of research trying 2 it. Once, he flew a kite during a storm without realizing its danger. His curiosity led him 3 the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings from lightning. Curiosity can also make people 4 brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He showed such great interest in space that he invented a “flying chair”! Although he lost his life 5 he was testing this invention, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People 6 a lot from his courage since then, and have created much 7 ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, 8 ancient Chinese scientist and inventor, was eager to know about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years 9 the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. A curious man won’t discover a new world 10 he tries to know what is going on through a keyhole. Undoubtedly, curiosity is the key. 1．A．of B．about C．with 2．A．to understand B．understand C．understanding 3．A．inventing B．to invent C．invented 4．A．became B．becoming C．become 5．A．because B．if C．when 6．A．learnt B．have learnt C．was learning 7．A．safe B．safest C．safer 8．A．the B．a C．an 9．A．study B．studying C．studied 10．A．until B．when C．before 四、短文填空 Have you ever thought about why we celebrate the Spring Festival and Western people celebrate Christmas? Both are about family and 1 (give). But the traditions are very different. Last December, my English teacher invited us to a Christmas party at her home. I saw a Christmas tree with colorful lights. We sang songs and exchanged gifts. “Why do you put presents under the tree?” I asked. She explained that it comes from an old story about a kind man 2 (name) Saint Nicholas. I told her about our tradition of giving red envelopes during the Spring Festival. “That’s interesting!” she said. “Both cultures value 3 (share) joy with others.” Here 4 (be) something I learned from that party. First, don’t be afraid to ask questions about other cultures. People are usually happy to explain. Second, try to take part in different festivals. You will understand 5 (many) than books can tell. Third, share your own traditions with others. That is 6 best way to build respect. I also learned that small gifts like a bookmark or a handmade card are always 7 (welcome). You don’t need to spend a lot of money. After the party, I 8 (feel) closer to my teacher and classmates. Now I understand that crossing cultures is not about losing your own identity. It’s about adding new colors to your life. So let’s be curious, be kind, and be brave. The world is big, 9 our hearts can be even bigger. Let’s cross the bridge 10 (together). Who knows what wonderful things we will find on the other side? 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 U3核心语法：动词不定式 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握不定式基本结构与否定形式 2. 精通宾语、宾补、目的状语用法 3. 熟记省略to的特殊规则 4. 熟练运用固定句型，语境解题 学习重点 1. 不定式基础结构与否定用法 2. 三大核心句法功能必考考点 3. 情态使役/感官动词省to规则 4. 高频不定式固定句型应用 学习难点 1. 感官动词主动被动句式to的变化 2. 不定式与动名词语义辨析 3. 目的状语否定形式精准运用 4. 复杂句式不定式成分判断 语法知识精讲 知识模块 具体内容 例句（中英对照） 1. 定义与结构 ① 定义：由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，表动作、目的、结果等（to 有时可省略） ② 基本结构：to + do（肯定式） I want to read a book.（我想读一本书。） 2. 常见用法 ① 作宾语（跟在 want, hope, decide 等动词后） ② 作目的状语（表 “为了……”） ③ 作宾语补足语（跟在 ask, tell, teach 等动词后） ① She hopes to visit Beijing.（她希望去北京。） ② He gets up early to catch the bus.（他早起为了赶公交。） ③ My mom tells me to study hard.（妈妈叫我努力学习。） 3. 否定式 在 to 前加 not，结构：not to do They ask us not to be late.（他们叫我们别迟到。） 4. 省略 to 的情况 ① 情态动词后（can, may, must, will 等） ② 使役动词后（let, make, have） ③ 感官动词后（see, hear, watch, feel，强调 “全过程” 时） ① I can speak English.（我会说英语。） ② Let him go.（让他走。） ③ I see her dance every day.（我每天看她跳舞。） 5. 高频误区 ① 避免重复：前有实义动词 do 时，不定式 to 可省（如：I can do nothing but wait.） ② 疑问词 + 不定式：what, how 等后接 to do（如：I don’t know what to buy.） ① He did nothing but play games.（他除了玩游戏什么都没做。） ② She knows how to cook.（她知道怎么做饭。） 语法知识精练 题型一：带to的动词不定式 【典例】 —I don’t know ________ when we are in trouble at school. — Our teachers and friends are always the first choice. A．how can I face them B．who to talk about C．who to ask for help D．what I can do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不知道在学校遇到麻烦时该向谁求助。——我们的老师和朋友总是首选。 how can I face them我该如何面对他们（语序错误）；who to talk about该和谁谈论；who to ask for help向谁求助；what I can do我能做什么。know后接宾语，可用“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。根据答语“Our teachers and friends”可知，问句询问的是求助的对象，应用who引导。A项语序错误，宾语从句应用陈述语序；B项语义不符；D项询问做什么，与答语指人不符。C项结构正确且符合语境。 【即练1】 They are surprised ________ know the truth. A．to B．at C．for D．of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们得知真相后很吃惊。 to到/用于不定式；at在；for为了；of……的。空格后是动词原形“know”，只有不定式符号“to”能直接接动词原形，构成“be surprised to do sth.”，表示“对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to。 【即练2】 He kept quiet ________ disturb his sleeping mother. A．in order to B．in order not to C．so as to D．so that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他保持安静，为了不打扰熟睡的妈妈。 in order to为了，后接动词原形，表肯定目的；in order not to为了不，后接动词原形，表否定目的；so as to以便、为了，表肯定目的；so that以便，后面需要接完整句子。前半句“kept quiet”和后半句“disturb his sleeping mother”，二者是否定目的关系；且空格后直接跟动词原形disturb，选项B符合语境及语法。 【即练3】 The little boy is too young ________ the story by himself. A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩太年轻了，无法理解这个故事。 too+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，意为“太……而不能做某事”，此处应用动词不定式。应填to understand。 题型二：不带to的动词不定式 【典例】 —Let’s ________ the lights to save energy. —Good idea! A．to turn on B．turning on C．turn off D．turn up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——让我们关掉灯以节约能源。——好主意！ turn on打开；turn off关闭；turn up调高。根据“save energy”可知需要关灯，turn off符合语境，Let’s后接动词原形。 【即练1】 —I don’t know how to spend my weekend. —Why not ________ around the Hao River? Our city is well worth ________. A．ride; visit B．riding; visiting C．to ride; to visit D．ride; visiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我不知道怎么过周末。——为什么不骑车绕濠河一圈？我们的城市非常值得一游。 Why not do sth.?“为什么不做某事呢？”，是固定句型；be well worth doing sth.“非常值得做某事”，是固定搭配。故填ride；visiting。 【即练2】 The bad air makes people ________ uncomfortable. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：糟糕的空气让人们感觉不舒服。 make someone do something固定搭配意为使/让某人做某事。所以应填动词的原形feel。 【即练3】 —Do you often see the girl ________ fruit at the school gate? —Yes. But yesterday she was seen ________ empty bottles when I entered the classroom. A．sell; pick B．selling; picking C．to sell; to pick D．sell; picking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你经常看到这个女孩在学校门口卖水果吗？——是的。但昨天当我进教室时，看到她正在捡空瓶子。 考查非谓语动词。根据问句中“often”可知，此处表示反复发生的动作，see sb. do sth.“看到某人做某事”，表示经常或习惯性的动作，因此第一空填sell；根据“when I entered the classroom”可知，答句表示进教室时女孩正在进行的动作，see sb. doing sth.“看到某人正在做某事”，因此第二空填picking。故选D。 题型三：动词不定式作宾语 【典例】 —What’s your plan for the weekend? —Oh, I plan ________ a music lesson. Then I’ll visit my grandparents in the countryside. A．attend B．attended C．attending D．to attend 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你周末有什么计划？——哦，我计划去上一节音乐课。然后我去乡下看望我的祖父母。 根据“plan...a music lesson”可知，plan to do sth.是动词短语，意为“计划做某事”，应填动词不定式to attend。 【即练1】 The most important thing is not to win a medal, but ______ part in the competition. A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最重要的不是赢得奖牌，而是参加比赛。   句子结构为“not...but...”连接两个并列成分，前为“to win a medal”（不定式短语），后也应用不定式短语“to take part in”，故选用to take。 【即练2】 She was so busy that she ________ to the party. A．agreed going B．agreed to go C．refused going D．refused to go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她如此忙碌以至于她拒绝去参加聚会。 agreed同意；refused拒绝。agree和refuse后均接动词不定式作宾语，即agree/refuse to do sth.。根据“so busy”可知，因为太忙所以逻辑上应该是拒绝参加聚会，应填refused to go。 【即练3】 You only need ________ the podcast onto your phone before starting the running plan. A．download B．to download C．downloading D．downloaded 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在开始跑步计划之前，你只需要把播客下载到你的手机上。 download下载（动词原形）；to download下载（动词不定式）；downloading下载（动名词/现在分词）；downloaded下载（过去式/过去分词）。need在此处作实义动词，意为 “需要”，后接动词不定式作宾语，构成need to do sth.结构。应填to download。 题型四：动词不定式作宾补 【典例】 She’d like me ________ her with her English. A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她想让我帮她学习英语。 would like sb. to do sth.是固定结构，意为“想要某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式to help。 【即练1】 The security guard made the fans ________ the line and reminded them ________ pushing. A．keep; stop B．to keep; stop C．keep; to stop D．to keep; to stop 【答案】C 【详解】句意：保安让粉丝们排好队，并提醒他们停止推挤。 keep保持；stop停止。第一空make sb. do sth.是固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，此处用不带to的动词原形，所以填keep。第二空remind sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事”，结合语境“提醒他们停止推挤”，所以填to stop。 【即练2】 Parents should not allow their children ________ too much time on video games. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父母不应该允许孩子花太多时间在电子游戏上。 allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。应填to spend。 【即练3】 Sports can inspire young people ________ fight for their dreams and stick to training. A．fight B．to fight C．fighting D．fought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：运动能激励年轻人去为他们的梦想而奋斗并坚持训练。 fight战斗（动词原形）；to fight去战斗（动词不定式）；fighting战斗（现在分词/动名词）；fought战斗（过去式/过去分词）。固定搭配inspire sb. to do sth. 意为“激励某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 题型五：动词不定式作目的状语 【典例】 In order to ________ a better community, all of us should play a part in ________ the environment (环境). A．create; protect B．create; protecting C．creating; protect D．creating; protecting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了创建一个更好的社区，我们所有人都应该在保护环境方面发挥作用。 第一空，句中in order to后接动词原形表目的，用create；第二空，固定短语play a part in中的in是介词，后接动名词形式，用protecting。应填create；protecting。 【即练1】 We should do what we can ________ the hunters from ________ the animals. A．to prevent; killing B．to prevent; to kill C．prevent; killing D．prevent; to kill 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们所能去防止猎人杀害动物。 根据固定搭配“do what we can to do sth.”表示“尽我们所能做某事”，第一空用to prevent；又根据“prevent sb. from doing sth.”表示“阻止某人做某事”，第二空用killing。to prevent; killing符合语境。应填to prevent；killing。 【即练2】 We should speak quietly __________ disturb others in the library. A．to not B．not to C．so as not to D．in order not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该轻声说话，以免在图书馆打扰到别人。 to not不（错误否定格式）；not to不去；so as not to为了不；in order not为了不（缺少to，结构不完整）。此处表目的“为了不打扰别人”，so as not to为完整正确的目的否定结构，其余选项格式残缺或用法错误。 【即练3】 Write down some plans ________ solve the problems. A．to B．for C．of D．with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：写下一些计划来解决这些问题。 to去，为了；for为了；of……的；with和。根据题干“solve”为动词原形可知，此处考查固定搭配“some plans to do sth.”，意为“做某事的一些计划”，动词不定式作目的状语，后接动词原形。故选A。 一、单项选择 1．The coach expects all players ________ hard for the coming match. A．to train B．train C．training D．trained 【答案】A 【详解】句意：教练期望所有球员为即将到来的比赛努力训练。 根据固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”可知，空格处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。应填to train。 2．Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A．Can you imagine now I live in where used to be a graveyard? B．The equipment you provided is different from the one saw in your factory. C．Having not been warned about the wet floor, she fell heavily. D．All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子在语法上是正确的？ A项，Can you imagine now I live in where used to be a graveyard?你能想象吗，我如今住在一片曾经是墓地的地方？（错误，介词in后不能直接接where引导的名词性从句）；B项，The equipment you provided is different from the one saw in your factory.你提供的这套设备和我在你们工厂见到的那台不一样。（错误，the one与see是被动关系，应使用过去分词seen或定语从句that was seen）；C项，Having not been warned about the wet floor, she fell heavily.没人提醒她地面湿滑，她重重地摔了一跤。（错误，现在分词的否定形式中，否定词Not必须置于having前）；D项，All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next.我只需要看着机器把瓶子传送至下一道工序即可。（正确，主语含有实义动词do时，表语不定式可省略to；watch为感官动词，后接省略to的不定式，watch sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”）。因此，应填All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next. 3．—I’ve put on ten pounds. —You should ________ to take more exercise and learn ________ a balanced diet. A．make an effort; what to keep B．try not; how to help C．try not; what to help D．make an effort; how to keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我胖了十磅。——你应该努力多锻炼并且学习如何保持均衡饮食。 第一空，根据上文“胖了十磅”可知建议是多锻炼，make an effort意为“努力”，符合语境；第二空，keep a balanced diet是固定搭配，意为“保持均衡饮食”，learn后接“疑问词 + 不定式”作宾语，此处表示学习“如何”保持，应用how to keep。 4．________ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested ________ through our notes. A．To help; reading B．Helped; to read C．Helping; read D．Being helped; having read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议浏览我们的笔记。 第一空表示目的，应用动词不定式To help；第二空suggest后接动名词作宾语，固定用法suggest doing sth.，应用reading。应填To help; reading。 5．—Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened?   —She fell down from the tree. A．cry B．to cry C．laugh D．to laugh 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——刚才听到玛丽哭了。发生了什么？——她从树上摔下来了。 cry哭（动词原形）；to cry哭（动词不定式）laugh笑（动词原形）；to laugh笑（动词不定式）。根据答语“她从树上摔下来了”可知玛丽应该是因疼痛而哭，主动语态中hear sb. do sth.（听到某人做某事），在变为被动语态时，必须还原不定式符号to，即sb. be heard to do sth.。应填to cry。 6．I usually forget ________ the door, but I remembered ________ it when I left yesterday. A．closing, closing B．to close, to close C．to close, closing D．closing, to close 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我通常忘记去关门，但我记得昨天离开时关过它。 forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事”；remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”。根据前半句“usually forget”可知是忘记去做某事，用不定式 to close；根据后半句“remembered... yesterday”可知是记得做过某事，用动名词closing。 7．It is important for teenagers ________ good living habits. A．form B．to form C．forming D．formed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对青少年来说养成良好的生活习惯很重要。 固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的），句中it作形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式，应填to form。 8．Now many libraries try to ________ their old paper books to make it easier for readers to read online. A．digital B．digit C．digitalize D．digitally 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在许多图书馆试图将旧纸质书数字化，以便读者更容易在线阅读。 digital数字的，形容词，digit数字、数位，名词，digitalize使数字化，动词，digitally数字地，副词。try to后接动词原形，因此只有digitalize符合语法。 9．After receiving standard moral education, most teenagers are careful enough _________ good habits of polite behavior in daily life. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在接受了标准的道德教育后，大多数青少年足够细心，去学习日常生活中礼貌行为的良好习惯。 根据“careful enough”可知，此处是固定结构“adj.+enough+to do sth.”，意为“足够……去做某事”，enough修饰形容词后接动词不定式。应填to learn。 10．We all ________ the great scientist ________ one of the wisest people in history. A．consider; to be B．consider; being C．are considered; to be D．are considered; being 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们都认为这位伟大的科学家是历史上最有智慧的人之一。 “consider sb. to be + 名词/形容词”表示“认为某人是……”，主语We为人，consider是人主动发出的动作，需用主动语态consider。应填consider；to be。 11．I ______ comedies ______ war movies when I spend my weekend. A．prefer; to watch B．prefer to watch; rather than see C．prefer watching; rather than see D．prefer; to seeing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我过周末的时候，宁愿看喜剧也不愿看战争片。 本题考查prefer的固定句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.，意为 “宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”，rather than后接动词原形，故选B。 12．I watched the great artist ______ the whole painting in the studio yesterday. A．paint B．to paint C．painting D．painted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天我在工作室看着这位伟大的艺术家画完了整幅画。 “watch sb. do sth.”表示“看到某人做某事的全过程”，而“watch sb. doing sth.”表示“看到某人正在做某事”，只看到动作的一部分；yesterday提示动作已完成，强调全过程，用paint。 13．It is better ________ out your problems than ________ silent alone. A．talk; keep B．to talk; to keep C．talking; keeping D．to talk; keeping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：说出你的问题比独自保持沉默要好。 固定句型“It is better to do A than (to) do B”，意为“做A事比做B事更好”。句型中than后的to可省略。to talk; to keep符合语境。 14．________ the Dragon Boat Festival, our community will organize a zongzi-making competition. A．Celebrating B．Celebrated C．To celebrate D．Celebrate 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了庆祝端午节，我们社区将组织一场包粽子比赛。 根据“our community will organize...”可知，句子主干完整，句首处表示举办比赛的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。 15．—Millie, I plan to visit Mount Huaguo tomorrow. But I can’t decide ________. —Try light shoes. They’re fit for climbing. A．what to wear B．when to leave C．how to get there D．where to take photos 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——米莉，我计划明天去游览花果山。但我不能决定穿什么。——试试轻便的鞋子。它们适合爬山。 根据答语“Try light shoes.”可知，建议穿轻便的鞋子，推测上句是在犹豫穿什么，what to wear符合语境。 16．It’s a good way ________ about different forms of traditional art. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是了解不同传统艺术形式的好方法。 way后面用不定式作后置定语，a way to do sth是固定搭配，应填to learn。 17．—It’s bad for our eyes to watch mobile phones for a long time. —Yes, you are right. My mother often tells me ________ too much time playing phone games. A．not spend B．to not spend C．not to spend D．don’t spend 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——长时间看手机对我们的眼睛有害。 ——是的，你说得对。我妈妈经常告诉我不要花太多时间玩手机游戏。 tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”，固定搭配，应用动词不定式的否定形式not to spend。 18．Could you give me a piece of paper ________? A．to write B．to write down C．to write on D．to write with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能给我一张纸写字吗？ 不定式修饰paper作定语，write与paper存在逻辑上的介宾关系，需加介词on连接，介词不可省略，排除A；write down后接内容，排除B；write with后接工具，排除D。 19．—We usually use We Chat to chat with each other online. —That’s great. But I don’t know ________ it. A．what to use B．what can I use C．how can I use D．how to use 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们通常用微信在网上互相聊天。——太好了。但是我不知道如何使用它。 know后接“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。use是及物动词，后面已有宾语it，因此不能用what引导，只能用how表示方式。B、C选项语序错误，不符合语法规则。故选D。 20．My mother told me ________ in the street, it’s too dangerous. A．not play B．to not play C．doesn’t play D．not to play 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我妈妈告诉我不要在街上玩耍，太危险了。 tell sb. not to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not，即not to play。 二、完成句子 21．我国政府有严格的法律来保护森林、控制污染。 Our ________ has strict ________ to ________ ________ and ________ ________. 【答案】 government laws protect forests control pollution 【详解】本句中“政府”“法律”“保护森林”和“控制污染”是关键词。表示“政府”的名词是government；表示“法律”的名词为law，此处泛指多项法律法规，通常用复数形式laws；表示“保护森林”的动词短语是protect forests，不定式符号to后接动词原形protect表目的；forests用复数表示泛指森林资源；表示“控制污染”的动词短语是control pollution，由and连接，与protect forests并列，动词control用原形。 22．The hosts are nice. They invite us to dinner. (改为同义句) It’s nice ________the hosts ________invite us to dinner. 【答案】 of to 【详解】句意：主人们很友好，他们邀请我们吃晚餐。同义句用到固定句型“It’s + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.”，表示“某人做某事很……”，形容词描述人的品质，nice是形容hosts的品格，故填 of；to。 23．I listened carefully in maths class. I hope to improve my grades. ___________________________________________ 【答案】I listened carefully in maths class to improve my grades./I listened carefully in maths class in order to improve my grades./I listened carefully in maths class so as to improve my grades. 【详解】句意：我在数学课上认真听课。我希望提高我的成绩。前句“我在数学课上认真听讲”是具体行动，后句“我希望提高成绩”是行动的目的。两句之间存在目的关系。合并句子时，可用动词不定式（to do）、in order to或so as to表示目的。 24．enough nice was dinner my to me to host invite (连词成句) __________________________________________________ 【答案】 My host was nice enough to invite me to dinner. 【详解】根据所给单词及语境可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，my host作主语，was作系动词，nice enough作表语，enough修饰形容词nice表示“足够”，构成“be + adj. + enough to do”结构，表示“足够……去做某事”；invite作不定式中的动词，me作invite的宾语，to dinner作目的状语，位于句末。 25．你嘲笑你的同学真是太可恶了。 It is ________ ________ you to ________ ________ your classmate. 【答案】 awful of laugh at 【详解】原句中“嘲笑你的同学”和“真是太可恶了”为关键词，句子评价人的行为品质，需用固定句型It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.；形容词用于评价性格品质时，介词用of，“可恶的”对应awful；“嘲笑”的固定搭配是laugh at，to后接动词原形，故填awful；of；laugh；at。 26．I’m happy that I can make friends with you. (改为同义句) I’m happy ________ ________ friends with you. 【答案】 to make 【详解】句意：我很高兴能和你交朋友。“be+形容词+that从句”可同义转换为“be+形容词+to do sth.”，因此第一空填写to，第二空填写动词原形make。 27．他们相信只需花很少的时间参观一个数字展览，就能看到在实体博物馆中容易错过的细节。 They believe ________ ________ only a short time ________ ________ a digital exhibition and see details easily missed in a real museum. 【答案】 it takes to visit 【详解】原句中“花”和“参观”是关键词。“花”对应it takes，“It takes + (sb.) +时间 + to do sth.”结构表示“（某人）花多少时间做某事”，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。“参观”对应to visit，visit表示“参观”，此处应用不定式形式。 28．最好提前告知朋友你要取消计划。 It is better ________ let your friends know ahead of time if you ________ your plan. 【答案】 to cancel 【详解】原句中“最好做某事”和“取消计划”是关键词，表示“最好做某事”的句型是It is better to do sth，“取消计划”的动词是cancel。本句中to后接动词原形；if引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语you，谓语动词用原形。故填to；cancel。 29．根据汉语提示补全句子。 I ________ dancing, so I ________ to be a dancer in the future. 我喜欢跳舞，所以我希望将来能成为一名舞者。 【答案】 love/like/enjoy hope 【详解】原句中“喜欢”是关键词，后接动名词可使用love/like/enjoy；“希望”对应的固定搭配是hope to do sth.。本句为一般现在时，主语为I，动词使用原形。故填love/like/enjoy；hope。 30．The movie is so boring that I want to leave. (改为简单句)   The movie is ________ ________ for me ________ leave. 【答案】 boring enough to 【详解】句意：电影如此无聊以至于我想离开。原句是so+adj.+that从句结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。改为简单句，应使用adj.+enough+for sb.+to do sth.结构（足够……以至于某人做某事），符合原句逻辑。形容词boring置于enough之前，不定式符号to置于动词leave之前。故填boring；enough；to。 三、语法选择 The Power of Curiosity The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He had a deep curiosity 1 the nature of electricity. He did lots of research trying 2 it. Once, he flew a kite during a storm without realizing its danger. His curiosity led him 3 the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings from lightning. Curiosity can also make people 4 brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He showed such great interest in space that he invented a “flying chair”! Although he lost his life 5 he was testing this invention, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People 6 a lot from his courage since then, and have created much 7 ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, 8 ancient Chinese scientist and inventor, was eager to know about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years 9 the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. A curious man won’t discover a new world 10 he tries to know what is going on through a keyhole. Undoubtedly, curiosity is the key. 1．A．of B．about C．with 2．A．to understand B．understand C．understanding 3．A．inventing B．to invent C．invented 4．A．became B．becoming C．become 5．A．because B．if C．when 6．A．learnt B．have learnt C．was learning 7．A．safe B．safest C．safer 8．A．the B．a C．an 9．A．study B．studying C．studied 10．A．until B．when C．before 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“好奇心的力量”展开，通过本杰明・富兰克林、万户、张衡的例子，阐述好奇心带来新发现、赋予人勇气、驱动人向目标前进等作用，强调好奇心是探索未知的关键。 1．句意：他对电的本质有着浓厚的好奇心。 of……的；about关于；with和……一起。根据固定搭配curiosity about...意为“对……的好奇心”。故选B。 2．句意：他做了很多研究试图理解它。 to understand动词不定式；understand动词原形；understanding动名词/现在分词。根据try to do sth.意为“试图做某事”。故选A。 3．句意：他的好奇心促使他发明了避雷针。 inventing动名词/现在分词；to invent动词不定式；invented过去式/过去分词。根据lead sb. to do sth.意为“促使某人做某事”。故选B。 4．句意：好奇心也能让人变得勇敢。 became过去式；becoming动名词/现在分词；become动词原形。根据make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，此处用动词原形。根据固定用法，故选C。 5．句意：虽然他在测试这项发明时失去了生命，但他的好奇心给了未来的探险家灵感。 because因为；if如果；when当……时候。此处表示“当测试发明时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 6．句意：从那以后，人们从他的勇气中学到了很多，并创造了更安全的太空探索方式。 learnt过去式；have learnt现在完成时；was learning过去进行时。根据“since then”是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+过去分词。故选B。 7．句意：从那以后，人们从他的勇气中学到了很多，并创造了更安全的太空探索方式。 safe原级；safest最高级；safer比较级。根据“much”修饰比较级，safe的比较级是safer。故选C。 8．句意：张衡，一位中国古代的科学家和发明家，渴望了解世界：世界上的一切是如何运动的？ the定冠词；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头。根据“ancient”是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an。故选C。 9．句意：他花了数年时间研究天地。 study动词原形；studying动名词/现在分词；studied过去式/过去分词。根据spend time doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”。故选B。 10．句意：一个有好奇心的人直到试图通过钥匙孔了解发生了什么时，才会发现新世界。 until直到；when当……时候；before在……之前。根据固定搭配not...until...意为“直到……才……”。故选A。 四、短文填空 Have you ever thought about why we celebrate the Spring Festival and Western people celebrate Christmas? Both are about family and 1 (give). But the traditions are very different. Last December, my English teacher invited us to a Christmas party at her home. I saw a Christmas tree with colorful lights. We sang songs and exchanged gifts. “Why do you put presents under the tree?” I asked. She explained that it comes from an old story about a kind man 2 (name) Saint Nicholas. I told her about our tradition of giving red envelopes during the Spring Festival. “That’s interesting!” she said. “Both cultures value 3 (share) joy with others.” Here 4 (be) something I learned from that party. First, don’t be afraid to ask questions about other cultures. People are usually happy to explain. Second, try to take part in different festivals. You will understand 5 (many) than books can tell. Third, share your own traditions with others. That is 6 best way to build respect. I also learned that small gifts like a bookmark or a handmade card are always 7 (welcome). You don’t need to spend a lot of money. After the party, I 8 (feel) closer to my teacher and classmates. Now I understand that crossing cultures is not about losing your own identity. It’s about adding new colors to your life. So let’s be curious, be kind, and be brave. The world is big, 9 our hearts can be even bigger. Let’s cross the bridge 10 (together). Who knows what wonderful things we will find on the other side? 【答案】 1．giving 2．named 3．sharing 4．is 5．more 6．the 7．welcome 8．felt 9．but 10．together 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者参加英语老师举办的圣诞派对，了解了圣诞节的由来，对比了中外节日的异同，并从中总结出对待不同文化的态度，呼吁大家保持好奇与善意，积极进行文化交流。 1．句意：两个节日都关乎亲情与馈赠。and连接并列成分，前面是名词family，空格处也需用名词或动名词形式，因此把give变为动名词giving。 2．句意：她解释说，这源于一个名叫圣尼古拉斯的善良之人的古老故事。本句已有谓语动词comes from，空格作后置定语修饰名词man；a man named...为固定用法，意为“一个名叫……的人”，过去分词named表被动含义（被称作）。 3．句意：两种文化都看重与他人分享快乐。固定搭配value doing sth.（重视做某事），value是及物动词，后接动名词作宾语，填sharing。 4．句意：这是我从那场派对中学到的一些道理。本句为“Here be...”的倒装句，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”；后面表语something是不定代词，视为单数，全文主体时态为一般现在时，因此用is。 5．句意：你会收获比书本所讲述的更多东西。句中出现than，是形容词和副词比较级的标志；many的比较级为more，understand more表示 “了解得更多”。 6．句意：这是建立尊重的最佳方式。形容词最高级best前面，必须加定冠词the。固定结构the best way to do sth.意为“做某事最好的方式”。 7．句意：像书签、手工卡片这类小礼物总是很受欢迎。本句为主系表结构，are是系动词，后接形容词作表语；welcome本身可作形容词，含义为“受欢迎的”，无需变形。 8．句意：派对结束后，我感觉和老师、同学们变得更亲近了。时间状语After the party指代过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；feel为不规则动词，过去式是felt。 9．句意：世界很广阔，但我们的心胸可以更加宽广。前半句“世界很大”，后半句“我们的心胸能更开阔”，前后语义存在转折关系，因此用转折连词but。 10．句意：让我们一起跨过这座桥。空格处修饰动词短语cross the bridge，需要用副词；together本身是副词，意为 “一起、共同”，形式无需变化。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $