专题11 Unit 4 Looking Good,Feeling Good 课文（Extended reading）讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新高一英语暑期预习讲义 （译林版）

专题11 Unit 4 Looking Good,Feeling Good 课文（Extended reading）讲解 Extended reading课文对译解读 Extended reading Read the magazine article about teenagers’ negative thoughts on their physical appearance. Don’t judge a book by its cover ① "Don’t judge a book by its cover," the old saying goes ② . Unfortunately, as a teenager, that（that指代前面的“judge a book by its cover”。） is often exactly what you do to yourself（what引导表语从句，并在从句中作do的宾语。） . Dark thoughts ③ about your physical appearance can hang over ④ you all the time like a rain cloud.（［修辞手法］此处采用了明喻的写作手法，将负面想法比作雨云，语言形象生动。） Do I look fat in these jeans ⑤ ?Do others think I am too short?Is everyone laughing at my new hairstyle ⑥ behind my back ⑦ ?These thoughts can have a negative effect on ⑧ people of any shape or size（介词短语作后置定语,修饰people。）, both male and female ⑨ , and it is important to guard against ⑩ the causes behind them.（it为形式主语， 动词不定式短语to guard… them作真正的主语。） Standards of beauty ⑪in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance（what引导的宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。） . Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars （who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词teens。）are fighting a losing battle ⑫ —these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to ⑬ （“主语+be+adj.（+for sb.）+动词不定式”句型）. They will only end up ⑭ feeling worse about themselves. Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance（定语从句，先行词为the way, 省略了关系词that。）.If you have friends who are good-looking ⑮ or have a great fashion sense ⑯ , it can feel like （feel like后接从句时，like相当于as if，表示“感觉好像……”。）you are living in their shadow ⑰ . For children of the digital age（介词短语作后置定语,修饰children。） ⑱ , social media makes this problem even worse.（“make+宾语+宾补”结构，表示“使……”，evenworse在此作宾补。）Your friends may post a never-ending ⑲ series ⑳ of photos online to show off ㉑ their beautiful dresses or strong bodies,and it （it作形式主语。）becomes easier for you to compare yourself to ㉒ them.（动词不定式短语作真正的主语。） This （this指代前面的compare yourself to them。）has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. These external ㉓ influences are always present, but there are certainly ways to deal with them（动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰ways。）.First of all,be careful not to follow popular beauty standards blindly ㉔.They are out of reach ㉕ for 99% of us, so it is better to just forget about them. Another tip is to remind yourself that you are unique.（动词不定式结构作表语。） Keep in mind that ㉖ your family and friends love you just the way you are（that 引导的宾语从句，“you are”为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰the way。）.Talk about your feelings with someone you trust.（省略了关系词who的定语从句，修饰someone。） Hearing how much they value you（动词-ing短语作主语。） can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. Focusing on ㉗ your strengths ㉘ also helps（单个动词-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。） you build your confidence ㉙.Everyone has their own talents ㉚ —you may be good at painting or playing the piano ㉛, so take pride in ㉜ things you do well （两个定语从句均省略了在从句中作宾语的关系词。）instead of worrying about things you cannot change. Finally, it （形式主语）is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from ㉝ negative thoughts.（动词不定式短语为真正的主语。）To achieve this,you should do something you enjoy.（均为省略关系词的定语从句，分别修饰something 和a book。） Read a book you like, or take part in a social activity, like playing a ballgame with your friends. These things can help you take your mind off ㉞ matters that worry you （that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词matters， that在从句中作主语。）and make you feel good about yourself.（“make+宾语+宾补”结构，省略to的动词不定式在此作宾补，此结构表示“使某人做某事”。） You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside ㉟,not on the inside ㊱ .（what引导的宾语从句，作介词by的宾语。）However,like a book,your contents ㊲ are much more important than your cover.If （if引导的条件状语从句）you can learn to see the good things about yourself—your individuality ㊳ , your value （［注意］阅读中遇到双破折号，可以将双破折号理解为小括号，跳过双破折号中间的内容，从而找出句子主干，然后再看破折号中间的内容，加强对句子的理解。）to others, your achievements ㊴ —you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are.（主句） 不要以貌取人 古语说得好:“不要以貌取人。”可惜的是，作为青少年，你却恰恰经常以貌取己。关于你外表的负面想法可能会像雨云一样一直笼罩着你。我穿这条牛仔裤是不是显胖?别人会不会觉得我太矮?大家是不是背地里都在嘲笑我的新发型? 无论男女，不管什么样的体形或身高，人们都会受到这些想法的负面影响，而防备这些想法背后的成因就成了一件重要的事情。 媒体的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。那些试图模仿他们最喜爱的明星形象的青少年们正在打一场无望取胜的仗，因为这些标准对于大多数人来说是根本不可能达到的。他们到头来只会觉得自己更糟。 朋友也会影响你对自己外表的看法。如果你有朋友长得好看，或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得自己在他们的光环下显得逊色。对于数字时代的孩子们来说，社交媒体会让这个问题变得更加棘手。你的朋友可能会无休止地在网上发布一系列照片，炫耀他们漂亮的连衣裙或强壮的体格，你也更容易陷入和他们的比较之中。事实证明，这会对你如何评价自己的外表产生负面影响。 这些外部影响始终存在，不过我们当然也有办法应对它们。首先要审慎，不要盲从流行的审美标准。这些标准，我们之中99%的人都是达不到的，所以最好不要理会它们。 还有一个建议是你要提醒自己你是独一无二的。你要记住，你的家人和朋友都喜爱你本来的样子。和你信任的人谈谈自己的感受。听听他们有多么在乎你，将有助于你更好地接受自己的形象。专注于自己的强项也能帮你建立自信。每个人都有自己的天赋——你可能擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己擅长的事情感到自豪，而不要为你不能改变的事情而烦恼。 最后，尽力转移你在消极想法上的注意力是一个不错的主意。要想做到这一点，你应该做一些你乐在其中的事。读一本你喜欢的书，或者参加一项社交活动，比如和朋友们一起打球。这些事情能帮你暂时忘却那些让你烦心的事，让你对自己的感觉好一些。 自我评价时，你可能常常注重外在，而不是内在。然而，就像一本书，内容要比封面重要得多。如果你能学会看到自己的优点——你的个性、你对他人的价值、你的成就——你很快就会开始爱上自己本来的样子。 课文重点词汇 ①“Don’t judge a book by its cover.”意为“不要以貌取人”。 ②（just as） the old saying goes （正如）老话说/常言道 saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ n.[C]格言，谚语，警句 go vt.& vi. 熟词生义 （故事、歌词等）内容是 ③dark thoughts 悲观的想法（=negative thoughts） dark adj. 熟词生义 悲观的 ④hang over使忧心忡忡 I decide to do my essay now so it won’t be. .hanging over. .me all weekend.我决定现在写我的论文，这样它就不会整个周末都使我忧心了。 ⑤jeans /dʒi:nz/ n.[pl.]牛仔裤 a pair of jeans一条牛仔裤 ⑥hairstyle /ˈheəstaɪl/ n.[C]发型，发式 合成构词 hair（n.头发）+style（n.样式，款式）→hairstyle（n.发型） ⑦behind one’s back 背着某人，背地里 ⑧have a negative effect/influence on… 对……有负面影响 拓展 have a positive effect/influence on… 对……有积极影响 ⑨male and female 男女 male /meɪl/ adj.男性的；雄性的 n.[C] 男性，雄性 female /ˈfi:meɪl/ adj.女性的；雌性的 n.[C]女性，雌性 ⑩guard against 防范，防止，提防 拓展 guard…against… 保护……免受…… ⑪beauty /ˈbju:ti/ n. [U]美，美丽；[C]美人，美好的东西 ⑫fight a losing battle打一场无望取胜的仗 You’re fighting a losing battle if you think you can convince Sarah to change her mind.如果你认为你能说服莎拉改变主意，那你就是在打一场无望取胜的仗。 ⑬live up to达到，符合，不辜负 常见搭配 live up to one’s expectations不辜负某人的期望 ⑭end up最终成为，最后处于（后常接动词-ing形式或介词短语） ⑮good-looking adj.漂亮的,好看的 合成构词 good-looking是“形容词+动词-ing”构成的复合形容词，类似的词还有sweet- smelling（好闻的）、bright-shining（光彩夺目的）等。 ⑯have a great fashion sense 很有时尚感 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n.[C]时尚，时兴；[U，C]流行款式 拓展 fashionable adj. 流行的，时髦的 old-fashioned adj.旧式的，过时的 ⑰in one’s shadow在某人的光环或盛名下（显得逊色 ） shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n.[C]阴影，影子；[U]昏暗处，阴暗处 ⑱digital age 数字时代 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj.数码的，数字的 ⑲never-ending adj.永无止境的,没完没了的 合成构词 never-ending是“副词+动词-ing”构成的复合形容词，类似的词还有ever-lasting（永久的）、far-reaching（深远的）等。 ⑳series /ˈsɪəri:z/ n.[C,usually sing.]（pl. series）一系列，连续 拓展 a series of 一系列 TV series 电视系列片 ㉑show off 炫耀，卖弄；显示，展示 ㉒compare…to/with… 把……和……进行比较 ㉓external /ɪkˈstɜ:nl/ adj. 外来的，外在的；外面的，外部的 反义 internal adj. 内部的 ㉔follow…blindly 盲目跟从…… ㉕be out of reach 达不到 ㉖keep in mind that… 记住……（that引导宾语从句） ㉗focus on（=concentrate on）集中（注意力、精力等于） ㉘strength /streŋθ / n.[C]优势 ㉙build one’s confidence 建立某人的自信 ㉚talent /ˈtælənt/ n.[C，U]天资，天赋 ㉛play the piano 弹钢琴 piano /piˈænəʊ/ n.[C]钢琴 注意 在乐器名词前通常要加定冠词the（如play the violin）。 拓展 pianist /ˈpɪənɪst/ n.[C]钢琴演奏者，钢琴家 ㉜take pride in… 为……自豪，为……骄傲 同义短语 be proud of ㉝direct one’s attention away from… 把某人的注意力从……上转移开 ㉞take one’s mind off… 不去想…… ㉟on the outside 从表面；从外表 ㊱on the inside 内心里 ㊲content /ˈkɒntent/ n.[pl.]内容；目录 ㊳individuality /ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒuˈæləti/ n.[U]个性，个人特征 individual n.[C]个体;个人 adj.个别的； 独特的 ㊴achievement /əˈtʃi:vmənt/ n.[C]成就，成绩 【即学即练】 一.课文语法填空 　　“Don't judge a book by its cover,” the old saying goes. Unfortunately, as a teenager, that is often exactly 　1　 you do to yourself. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical 　2　(appear). These standards are extreme and simply 　3　(possible) for most of the population to live up to. If you have friends who 　4　(be) good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. The external influences are always present, 　5　 there are certainly ways to deal with them. Firstly, be careful not to follow popular beauty standards 　6　(blind). Secondly, recognize that you are unique and talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 　7　(hear) how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. Finally, 　8　 is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. 　9　(achieve) this, you should do something you enjoy. You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside. However, like a book, your contents are much 　10　(important) than your cover.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　  二.一词多义 1.Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she makes up for it with hard work.词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  2.The company is home to talents, most of whom are highly creative. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  3.My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  4.Playing basketball helps me to build up my strength and become more confident. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  二.单句语法填空 1.They start learning by reading the 　　　　　(content) at the front of the books line by line.  2.China has made an amazing 　　　　　(achieve) in space technology in the past few years.  3.There is some evidence, scientists report, that eating garlic(大蒜) may guard 　　　　　cancer.  4.Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other 　　　　　(digit) records.  5.He tried for a third time, but his past failures hung 　　　　　 him like a dark cloud.  6.The stone bridge 　　　　　(see) great changes in the village in the past two hundred years.  7.He seems to be hard 　　　　　(get) along with, but in fact he is not.  8.Often, they'll end up 　　　　　(fill) the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.  9.I'll never forget that moment 　　　　　 all my classmates stood up and sang the birthday song to me.  三.选词填空(其中有一项多余) take pride in; show off; fight a losing battle; live up to 　　The Chinese women's basketball team was so strong that they didn't 1.　　　　　　 in the 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup. Although they didn't win the championship, they 2.　　　　　　 our expectations. All of us Chinese should 3.　　　　　　 them.  四.完成句子 1.这节英语课以一个笑话开始,以讨论课本上的故事结束。(end up) The English lesson started with a joke and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 about the story in the textbook.  2.他太懒了,挣不到足够的钱养家。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 enough money to support his family. (too...to...)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 enough money to support his family.(so...that...)  3.尽管这个问题难以解决,但我们不应该泄气。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, we should not lose heart. (主语+be+adj.+to do)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, we should not lose heart.(it作形式主语)  课文知识解析 1．series n．一系列，连续 Your friends may post a never－ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself to them.(教材P53) 你的朋友可能会在网上发布永无止境的系列照片，以炫耀他们漂亮的裙子或结实的身体，这样你就更容易把自己与他们作比较。 a series of　一系列的……，一连串的…… a series of lectures 系列讲座 TV series 电视连续剧 ①After a series of hard trainings and tests，Yang Liwei became China’s first astronaut in space on October 15th，2003. 经过一系列的艰苦训练和测试，杨利伟于2003年10月15日成为中国第一位太空宇航员。 ②The students have put forward a series of questions.学生们提出了一系列问题。 2．strength n．力气，力量；实力；优势 Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.(教材P54) 专注于你的优势也有助于你增强信心。 (1)weaknesses and strengths 缺点和优点 build up one’s strength 强身健体 (2)strengthen vt. 加强；巩固 strong adj. 强壮的；浓烈的；强大的 ①To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses. 为了让团队成员表现得更好，教练首先要知道他们的优点和弱点。 ②Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his strength.比尔在进行大量的体育锻炼以增强体力。 3．talent n．天资，天赋；人才，天才 Everyone has their own talents...(教材P54)每个人都有自己的天赋…… (1)have a talent/gift for 　　有……的天赋 show a talent/gift for 展现出……的天赋 a talent show 才艺表演 (2)talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的 ①My brother showed a talent for music when he was very young.我弟弟在很小的时候就展现出音乐才能。 ②She is proud that both her children have a talent for music.她为自己的两个孩子都有音乐天赋而自豪。 ③Howard is a talented(talent) pianist.霍华德是个很有天分的钢琴家。 4．content n．内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题；含量 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的 However，like a book，your contents are much more important than your cover.(教材P54) 然而，就像一本书一样，你的内容比封面重要得多。 (1)content oneself with sth满足于……；对……感到满意 (2)be content with sth 对某事满意/满足 be content to do sth 满足于做某事；乐意做某事 ①You should not content yourself with book knowledge only.你不应该只满足于书本知识。 ②Happy is he who is content with what he has.知足者常乐。 ③She is quite content to__live(live) at home with her parents.她很乐意和父母住在一起。 5．hang over使忧心忡忡，担心可能发生 Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang over you all the time like a rain cloud.(教材P53)关于你外表的负面想法可能会像雨云一样一直笼罩着你。 hang on　 (电话用语)别挂断，稍等；紧紧抓住；坚持 hang about/around 闲荡，等待；逗留 hang up 挂断电话 ①Can you hang on for a minute?你能不能稍等一会儿？ ②The young man hung around/about for about an hour and then left the supermarket.这个年轻人闲荡了大约一个小时，然后离开了超市。 ③After I hung up I remembered what I’d wanted to say.我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。 6．live up to达到，符合，不辜负 ...these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to.(教材P53) ……对于大多数人来说，这些标准是根本不可能达到的。 live up to one’s expectations　　不辜负某人的期望 live up to one’s reputation 名副其实 ①I hope he will live up to our expectations.我希望他将不辜负我们的期望。 ②The food in the restaurant doesn’t live up to its reputation.这个饭店的食物名不副实。 7．end up最终成为，最终处于 They will only end up feeling worse about themselves.(教材P53)他们最终只会觉得自己更糟。 end up doing sth　最终…… end up with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束) end up as 作为……而结束；最终成为 end up in 以……结束(后接表抽象概念的名词) ①The meeting ended up with the summary speech of the leader.会议以领导的总结发言结束。 ②After several years of hard work，she ended up as a successful writer.经过几年的努力工作，她终于成为一名成功的作家。 ③You can end up running (run) this company if you play your card right.你要是处理得当，最后这个公司能归你掌管。 8．take pride in为……自豪，为……骄傲 ...you may be good at painting or playing the piano，so take pride in things you do well instead of worrying about things you cannot change.(教材P54) ……你可能擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己擅长的事情感到自豪，而不要为你不能改变的事情而烦恼。 be proud of＝take pride in　　为……自豪 be proud to do... 对做……感到自豪 with pride 自豪地 ①I feel very proud to be a part of the team.能成为队中的一员我感到十分自豪。 ②He is a successful businessman，and is proud of/takes pride in his career.他是个成功的商人，一直以自己的事业为傲。 ③She looked with pride at the result of her work.她自豪地看着自己的工作成果。 9.Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.(教材P53) 媒体中的美的标准会对你如何看待你的外表产生很大的影响。 句中what you think of your physical appearance为what引导的宾语从句，作短语have a big influence on的宾语。what 引导的名词性从句还可以作主语、表语和同位语。一般有五种翻译方式： (1)表示“……的东西或事情” ①They’ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。 (2)表示“……的人或……的样子” ②Who is it that has made Fred what__he__is now?是谁把弗雷德养成现在这样一个人的？ (3)表示“……的数量或数目” ③Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 (4)表示“……的时间” ④After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 (5)表示“……的地方” ⑤This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 [名师指津]　that 也可以引导名词性从句，但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作任何句子成分。 综合训练 一.完形填空 (2025福建厦门市第二外国语学校期中) During my first three years of college, I put on weight quickly. Between classwork and a part-time job, I had zero time for 　1　. Besides, I ate a lot of fast food. Not surprisingly, I 　2　 a fat stomach.  After leaving college, I 　3　 to take exercise. Invited by a friend, I 　4　 working out with exercise machines three times a week. I was the kind of person who did not try something 　5　. I ate the same food; I did the same thing. Clearly, I 　6　 my routines(习惯). My friend, however, became 　7　. One day, he said, “We're not getting enough exercise. We should play tennis instead.”  Me? Play tennis? No way. I was strongly against his 　8　. I was not good at sports and I was 　9　 the exercise machines. 　10　, weeks later, I found myself standing on a tennis court. As I held my racket(球拍), I felt 　11　. I ran after every ball he served to me, completely 　12　 about 90 per cent of them, and hitting the rest into the other court. The first few months were quite 　13　. But one day as the ball came flying toward me, my racket and the ball finally met at the spot where it is most effective to hit a ball. I watched in 　14　 as my return landed where I had aimed it. I had finally 　15　 how to play tennis properly!  1.A.games　　　　 B.holidays C.research　　　　 D.exercise 2.A.wanted　　　　 B.got C.hated　　　　 D.protected 3.A.decided　　　　 B.agreed C.regretted　　　　 D.continued 4.A.avoided　　　　 B.imagined C.began　　　　 D.minded 5.A.important　　　　 B.new C.simple　　　　 D.similar 6.A.liked　　　　 B.changed C.hid　　　　 D.completed 7.A.busy　　　　 B.careless C.bored　　　　 D.lazy 8.A.rule　　　　 B.job C.reply　　　　 D.idea 9.A.worried about　 B.happy with C.sure of　　　　 D.ashamed of 10.A.Therefore　　 B.Additionally C.Besides　　　　 D.However 11.A.silly　　　　 B.relaxed C.proud　　　　 D.satisfied 12.A.controlling　　 B.throwing C.missing　　　　 D.playing 13.A.interesting　 B.painful C.different　　　　 D.easy 14.A.secret　　　　 B.anger C.fear　　　　 D.surprise 15.A.learned　　　　 B.asked C.taught　　　　 D.remembered 二.语法填空 (2024浙江杭州月考) 　　New research says nuts could be a valuable, 　1　(taste) and nutritious slimming help. Researchers from Harvard University suggested that people replace a daily unhealthy snack with a small handful of nuts to slow down weight gain. This is 　2　(especial) helpful for people as they get older. The researchers found that people who ate just 14g of nuts every day gained 　3　(little) weight than those who ate another snack. The people who ate nuts were unlikely 　4　(become) obese.  A long-term study 　5　(carry) out by the researchers observed the lifestyle of nearly 190,000 people for over twenty years. The people in the research were divided 　6　 three groups. They included more than 51,000 male health 　7　(professional) aged 40 to 75, and 121,700 nurses aged 35 to 55. They 　8　(ask) questions every four years about their weight, how often they ate nuts, and how often they exercised. 　9　 researcher said replacing less healthy foods with nuts might help slow down the weight gain 　10　 is common as we age, and might lower the chances of becoming obese.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　  三．七选五 (2025河南部分学校联考) 　　Usually, healthy diets and a healthy lifestyle fill you with fear because you imagine a simple green salad for lunch and countless hours of doing sports. 　1　 Here are some advantages of healthy eating.  * You'll feel alive and have more energy. Healthy eating isn't just about keeping your body healthy, but also about allowing your body to turn what you eat into energy. 　2　 They can keep you full for longer, and turn you into an energetic person ready to take on the world, or at least go dancing once in a while!  *　3　  When you start eating healthy food, your body learns to act. This keeps you away from seasonal colds, and even if you catch the flu by accident, it won't cause as much harm, and you'll overcome it more easily. *A happier mood(心情) becomes your everyday mood. 　4　 Sugar levels can raise or lower your mood, but proper blood sugar keeps you balanced. If you don't take in enough nutrition, you will feel unhappy, so healthier food choices will make sure that your body and brain run well.  * The skin will regrow faster, and you'll look younger. Unluckily, your skin really does show what you eat, drink, or smoke. Being the largest part of your body, your skin is possibly most influenced by your poor food choices. 　5　  A.You will never be ill. B.Illnesses and colds are a thing of the past. C.The longer you keep your body healthy, the longer you will live. D.But a healthy diet will make you look younger than you really are. E.Proper nutrition means that your body has enough energy to go every day. F.Adding vegetables and wholefoods to your meals will increase your energy levels. G.But you will change your opinions by learning what good proper meals and exercise do to you. 1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 Unit 4 Looking Good,Feeling Good 课文（Extended reading）讲解 Extended reading课文对译解读 Extended reading Read the magazine article about teenagers’ negative thoughts on their physical appearance. Don’t judge a book by its cover ① "Don’t judge a book by its cover," the old saying goes ② . Unfortunately, as a teenager, that（that指代前面的“judge a book by its cover”。） is often exactly what you do to yourself（what引导表语从句，并在从句中作do的宾语。） . Dark thoughts ③ about your physical appearance can hang over ④ you all the time like a rain cloud.（［修辞手法］此处采用了明喻的写作手法，将负面想法比作雨云，语言形象生动。） Do I look fat in these jeans ⑤ ?Do others think I am too short?Is everyone laughing at my new hairstyle ⑥ behind my back ⑦ ?These thoughts can have a negative effect on ⑧ people of any shape or size（介词短语作后置定语,修饰people。）, both male and female ⑨ , and it is important to guard against ⑩ the causes behind them.（it为形式主语， 动词不定式短语to guard… them作真正的主语。） Standards of beauty ⑪in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance（what引导的宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。） . Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars （who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词teens。）are fighting a losing battle ⑫ —these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to ⑬ （“主语+be+adj.（+for sb.）+动词不定式”句型）. They will only end up ⑭ feeling worse about themselves. Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance（定语从句，先行词为the way, 省略了关系词that。）.If you have friends who are good-looking ⑮ or have a great fashion sense ⑯ , it can feel like （feel like后接从句时，like相当于as if，表示“感觉好像……”。）you are living in their shadow ⑰ . For children of the digital age（介词短语作后置定语,修饰children。） ⑱ , social media makes this problem even worse.（“make+宾语+宾补”结构，表示“使……”，evenworse在此作宾补。）Your friends may post a never-ending ⑲ series ⑳ of photos online to show off ㉑ their beautiful dresses or strong bodies,and it （it作形式主语。）becomes easier for you to compare yourself to ㉒ them.（动词不定式短语作真正的主语。） This （this指代前面的compare yourself to them。）has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. These external ㉓ influences are always present, but there are certainly ways to deal with them（动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰ways。）.First of all,be careful not to follow popular beauty standards blindly ㉔.They are out of reach ㉕ for 99% of us, so it is better to just forget about them. Another tip is to remind yourself that you are unique.（动词不定式结构作表语。） Keep in mind that ㉖ your family and friends love you just the way you are（that 引导的宾语从句，“you are”为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰the way。）.Talk about your feelings with someone you trust.（省略了关系词who的定语从句，修饰someone。） Hearing how much they value you（动词-ing短语作主语。） can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. Focusing on ㉗ your strengths ㉘ also helps（单个动词-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。） you build your confidence ㉙.Everyone has their own talents ㉚ —you may be good at painting or playing the piano ㉛, so take pride in ㉜ things you do well （两个定语从句均省略了在从句中作宾语的关系词。）instead of worrying about things you cannot change. Finally, it （形式主语）is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from ㉝ negative thoughts.（动词不定式短语为真正的主语。）To achieve this,you should do something you enjoy.（均为省略关系词的定语从句，分别修饰something 和a book。） Read a book you like, or take part in a social activity, like playing a ballgame with your friends. These things can help you take your mind off ㉞ matters that worry you （that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词matters， that在从句中作主语。）and make you feel good about yourself.（“make+宾语+宾补”结构，省略to的动词不定式在此作宾补，此结构表示“使某人做某事”。） You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside ㉟,not on the inside ㊱ .（what引导的宾语从句，作介词by的宾语。）However,like a book,your contents ㊲ are much more important than your cover.If （if引导的条件状语从句）you can learn to see the good things about yourself—your individuality ㊳ , your value （［注意］阅读中遇到双破折号，可以将双破折号理解为小括号，跳过双破折号中间的内容，从而找出句子主干，然后再看破折号中间的内容，加强对句子的理解。）to others, your achievements ㊴ —you will soon begin to love yourself just the way you are.（主句） 不要以貌取人 古语说得好:“不要以貌取人。”可惜的是，作为青少年，你却恰恰经常以貌取己。关于你外表的负面想法可能会像雨云一样一直笼罩着你。我穿这条牛仔裤是不是显胖?别人会不会觉得我太矮?大家是不是背地里都在嘲笑我的新发型? 无论男女，不管什么样的体形或身高，人们都会受到这些想法的负面影响，而防备这些想法背后的成因就成了一件重要的事情。 媒体的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。那些试图模仿他们最喜爱的明星形象的青少年们正在打一场无望取胜的仗，因为这些标准对于大多数人来说是根本不可能达到的。他们到头来只会觉得自己更糟。 朋友也会影响你对自己外表的看法。如果你有朋友长得好看，或者很有时尚感，你可能会觉得自己在他们的光环下显得逊色。对于数字时代的孩子们来说，社交媒体会让这个问题变得更加棘手。你的朋友可能会无休止地在网上发布一系列照片，炫耀他们漂亮的连衣裙或强壮的体格，你也更容易陷入和他们的比较之中。事实证明，这会对你如何评价自己的外表产生负面影响。 这些外部影响始终存在，不过我们当然也有办法应对它们。首先要审慎，不要盲从流行的审美标准。这些标准，我们之中99%的人都是达不到的，所以最好不要理会它们。 还有一个建议是你要提醒自己你是独一无二的。你要记住，你的家人和朋友都喜爱你本来的样子。和你信任的人谈谈自己的感受。听听他们有多么在乎你，将有助于你更好地接受自己的形象。专注于自己的强项也能帮你建立自信。每个人都有自己的天赋——你可能擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己擅长的事情感到自豪，而不要为你不能改变的事情而烦恼。 最后，尽力转移你在消极想法上的注意力是一个不错的主意。要想做到这一点，你应该做一些你乐在其中的事。读一本你喜欢的书，或者参加一项社交活动，比如和朋友们一起打球。这些事情能帮你暂时忘却那些让你烦心的事，让你对自己的感觉好一些。 自我评价时，你可能常常注重外在，而不是内在。然而，就像一本书，内容要比封面重要得多。如果你能学会看到自己的优点——你的个性、你对他人的价值、你的成就——你很快就会开始爱上自己本来的样子。 课文重点词汇 ①“Don’t judge a book by its cover.”意为“不要以貌取人”。 ②（just as） the old saying goes （正如）老话说/常言道 saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ n.[C]格言，谚语，警句 go vt.& vi. 熟词生义 （故事、歌词等）内容是 ③dark thoughts 悲观的想法（=negative thoughts） dark adj. 熟词生义 悲观的 ④hang over使忧心忡忡 I decide to do my essay now so it won’t be. .hanging over. .me all weekend.我决定现在写我的论文，这样它就不会整个周末都使我忧心了。 ⑤jeans /dʒi:nz/ n.[pl.]牛仔裤 a pair of jeans一条牛仔裤 ⑥hairstyle /ˈheəstaɪl/ n.[C]发型，发式 合成构词 hair（n.头发）+style（n.样式，款式）→hairstyle（n.发型） ⑦behind one’s back 背着某人，背地里 ⑧have a negative effect/influence on… 对……有负面影响 拓展 have a positive effect/influence on… 对……有积极影响 ⑨male and female 男女 male /meɪl/ adj.男性的；雄性的 n.[C] 男性，雄性 female /ˈfi:meɪl/ adj.女性的；雌性的 n.[C]女性，雌性 ⑩guard against 防范，防止，提防 拓展 guard…against… 保护……免受…… ⑪beauty /ˈbju:ti/ n. [U]美，美丽；[C]美人，美好的东西 ⑫fight a losing battle打一场无望取胜的仗 You’re fighting a losing battle if you think you can convince Sarah to change her mind.如果你认为你能说服莎拉改变主意，那你就是在打一场无望取胜的仗。 ⑬live up to达到，符合，不辜负 常见搭配 live up to one’s expectations不辜负某人的期望 ⑭end up最终成为，最后处于（后常接动词-ing形式或介词短语） ⑮good-looking adj.漂亮的,好看的 合成构词 good-looking是“形容词+动词-ing”构成的复合形容词，类似的词还有sweet- smelling（好闻的）、bright-shining（光彩夺目的）等。 ⑯have a great fashion sense 很有时尚感 fashion /ˈfæʃn/ n.[C]时尚，时兴；[U，C]流行款式 拓展 fashionable adj. 流行的，时髦的 old-fashioned adj.旧式的，过时的 ⑰in one’s shadow在某人的光环或盛名下（显得逊色 ） shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n.[C]阴影，影子；[U]昏暗处，阴暗处 ⑱digital age 数字时代 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj.数码的，数字的 ⑲never-ending adj.永无止境的,没完没了的 合成构词 never-ending是“副词+动词-ing”构成的复合形容词，类似的词还有ever-lasting（永久的）、far-reaching（深远的）等。 ⑳series /ˈsɪəri:z/ n.[C,usually sing.]（pl. series）一系列，连续 拓展 a series of 一系列 TV series 电视系列片 ㉑show off 炫耀，卖弄；显示，展示 ㉒compare…to/with… 把……和……进行比较 ㉓external /ɪkˈstɜ:nl/ adj. 外来的，外在的；外面的，外部的 反义 internal adj. 内部的 ㉔follow…blindly 盲目跟从…… ㉕be out of reach 达不到 ㉖keep in mind that… 记住……（that引导宾语从句） ㉗focus on（=concentrate on）集中（注意力、精力等于） ㉘strength /streŋθ / n.[C]优势 ㉙build one’s confidence 建立某人的自信 ㉚talent /ˈtælənt/ n.[C，U]天资，天赋 ㉛play the piano 弹钢琴 piano /piˈænəʊ/ n.[C]钢琴 注意 在乐器名词前通常要加定冠词the（如play the violin）。 拓展 pianist /ˈpɪənɪst/ n.[C]钢琴演奏者，钢琴家 ㉜take pride in… 为……自豪，为……骄傲 同义短语 be proud of ㉝direct one’s attention away from… 把某人的注意力从……上转移开 ㉞take one’s mind off… 不去想…… ㉟on the outside 从表面；从外表 ㊱on the inside 内心里 ㊲content /ˈkɒntent/ n.[pl.]内容；目录 ㊳individuality /ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒuˈæləti/ n.[U]个性，个人特征 individual n.[C]个体;个人 adj.个别的； 独特的 ㊴achievement /əˈtʃi:vmənt/ n.[C]成就，成绩 【即学即练】 一.课文语法填空 　　“Don't judge a book by its cover,” the old saying goes. Unfortunately, as a teenager, that is often exactly 　1　 you do to yourself. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical 　2　(appear). These standards are extreme and simply 　3　(possible) for most of the population to live up to. If you have friends who 　4　(be) good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. The external influences are always present, 　5　 there are certainly ways to deal with them. Firstly, be careful not to follow popular beauty standards 　6　(blind). Secondly, recognize that you are unique and talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 　7　(hear) how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. Finally, 　8　 is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. 　9　(achieve) this, you should do something you enjoy. You may often judge yourself by what is on the outside, not on the inside. However, like a book, your contents are much 　10　(important) than your cover.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　  1.【答案】what　 【解析】考查表语从句。设空处无提示词,位于系动词is后,故推测设空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,此处指“……的事情”,所以应用连接代词what。句意:不幸的是,作为一个十几岁的孩子,那往往正是你对自己做的事情。 2.【答案】appearance　 【解析】考查名词。设空处作think of的宾语,且前有your和形容词physical修饰,应用名词。故填appearance。句意:媒体上的审美标准会很大程度地影响你对自己外表的看法。 3.【答案】impossible　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处作表语,根据语境和extreme可知,大部分人达到媒体上的审美标准是不可能的,应用possible的反义词。故填impossible。 4.【答案】are　 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,who引导定语从句,设空处为从句的谓语动词,由上下文语境及后面的have可知此处应用一般现在时,先行词为friends,所以此处谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are。 5.【答案】but　 【解析】考查连词。根据语境可知,上下文在意思上构成转折。故填but。 6.【答案】blindly　 【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰动词follow,应用副词作状语。故填blindly。 7.【答案】Hearing　 【解析】考查动名词。分析句子成分可知,设空处作主语,强调事情本身,是一种经验,应用动名词,注意首字母大写。故填Hearing。 8.【答案】it　 【解析】考查代词。由空后的内容可推知此处为“it is+n.+to do sth.”句型,设空处作形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填it。 9.【答案】To achieve　 【解析】考查动词不定式。根据语境可知,设空处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,注意首字母大写。故填To achieve。 10.【答案】more important　 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和空后的than可知此处表示比较,设空处应用形容词的比较级。故填more important。 二.一词多义 1.Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she makes up for it with hard work.词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  2.The company is home to talents, most of whom are highly creative. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  3.My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their strengths, weaknesses, and learning needs. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  4.Playing basketball helps me to build up my strength and become more confident. 词性:　　　　　词义:　　　　  1.【答案】名词;天赋　句意:卡罗琳没有音乐天赋,但她通过努力学习弥补了不足。 2.【答案】名词;人才　句意:这家公司是人才的聚集地,其中大多数人都极具创造力。 3.【答案】名词;优势　句意:我的目标是帮助我的学生培养对自身的长处、短处和学习需求的认识。 4.【答案】名词;体力　句意:打篮球帮助我增强体力,变得更加自信。 二.单句语法填空 1.They start learning by reading the 　　　　　(content) at the front of the books line by line.  2.China has made an amazing 　　　　　(achieve) in space technology in the past few years.  3.There is some evidence, scientists report, that eating garlic(大蒜) may guard 　　　　　cancer.  4.Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other 　　　　　(digit) records.  5.He tried for a third time, but his past failures hung 　　　　　 him like a dark cloud.  6.The stone bridge 　　　　　(see) great changes in the village in the past two hundred years.  7.He seems to be hard 　　　　　(get) along with, but in fact he is not.  8.Often, they'll end up 　　　　　(fill) the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.  9.I'll never forget that moment 　　　　　 all my classmates stood up and sang the birthday song to me.  1.【答案】contents　 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:他们通过逐行阅读书前面的目录开始学习。此处应用名词作宾语,content意为“(书的)目录”时用复数形式。故填contents。 2.【答案】achievement　 【解析】考查名词。句意:在过去的几年里,中国在航天技术方面取得了惊人的成就。设空处作宾语,根据不定冠词an和形容词amazing可知,此处应用可数名词的单数形式。故填achievement。 3.【答案】against　 【解析】考查固定短语。句意:科学家报告说,有一些证据表明,吃大蒜可以预防癌症。guard against意为“防范,防止”。故填against。 4.【答案】digital　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处修饰名词records,应用形容词。故填digital。句意:如今,大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。 5.【答案】over　 【解析】考查固定短语。句意:他第三次尝试,但过去的失败像乌云一样使他忧心忡忡。hang over意为“使忧心忡忡”。故填over。 6.【答案】has seen　 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的两百年里,这座石桥见证了这个村庄的巨大变化。根据时间状语in the past two hundred years可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时,主语表单数意义。故填has seen。 7.【答案】to get　 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:他似乎很难相处,但实际上并不是。此处为固定句型“主语+be+adj.+to do”。形容词hard说明不定式的特性,主语He是不定式的逻辑宾语,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to get。 8.【答案】filling　 【解析】考查动名词。固定搭配end up doing...意为“以做……而告终”。故填filling。句意:通常,他们最后会用小石头填满这片区域,并使用化学品来控制杂草。 9.【答案】when　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我所有的同学都站起来给我唱生日歌的那一刻。先行词为that moment,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以用关系副词when。 三.选词填空(其中有一项多余) take pride in; show off; fight a losing battle; live up to 　　The Chinese women's basketball team was so strong that they didn't 1.　　　　　　 in the 2022 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup. Although they didn't win the championship, they 2.　　　　　　 our expectations. All of us Chinese should 3.　　　　　　 them.  【答案】1.fight a losing battle　2.lived up to　3.take pride in 四.完成句子 1.这节英语课以一个笑话开始,以讨论课本上的故事结束。(end up) The English lesson started with a joke and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 about the story in the textbook.  2.他太懒了,挣不到足够的钱养家。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 enough money to support his family. (too...to...)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 enough money to support his family.(so...that...)  3.尽管这个问题难以解决,但我们不应该泄气。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, we should not lose heart. (主语+be+adj.+to do)  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, we should not lose heart.(it作形式主语)  【答案】1.ended up with a discussion　2.①He was too lazy to make/earn　②He was so lazy that he couldn't make/earn3.①Although the problem is difficult to deal with②Although it is difficult to deal with the problem 课文知识解析 1．series n．一系列，连续 Your friends may post a never－ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself to them.(教材P53) 你的朋友可能会在网上发布永无止境的系列照片，以炫耀他们漂亮的裙子或结实的身体，这样你就更容易把自己与他们作比较。 a series of　一系列的……，一连串的…… a series of lectures 系列讲座 TV series 电视连续剧 ①After a series of hard trainings and tests，Yang Liwei became China’s first astronaut in space on October 15th，2003. 经过一系列的艰苦训练和测试，杨利伟于2003年10月15日成为中国第一位太空宇航员。 ②The students have put forward a series of questions.学生们提出了一系列问题。 2．strength n．力气，力量；实力；优势 Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.(教材P54) 专注于你的优势也有助于你增强信心。 (1)weaknesses and strengths 缺点和优点 build up one’s strength 强身健体 (2)strengthen vt. 加强；巩固 strong adj. 强壮的；浓烈的；强大的 ①To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weaknesses. 为了让团队成员表现得更好，教练首先要知道他们的优点和弱点。 ②Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his strength.比尔在进行大量的体育锻炼以增强体力。 3．talent n．天资，天赋；人才，天才 Everyone has their own talents...(教材P54)每个人都有自己的天赋…… (1)have a talent/gift for 　　有……的天赋 show a talent/gift for 展现出……的天赋 a talent show 才艺表演 (2)talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的 ①My brother showed a talent for music when he was very young.我弟弟在很小的时候就展现出音乐才能。 ②She is proud that both her children have a talent for music.她为自己的两个孩子都有音乐天赋而自豪。 ③Howard is a talented(talent) pianist.霍华德是个很有天分的钢琴家。 4．content n．内容；[pl.]目录；(书、讲话、节目等的)主题；含量 vt.使满意，使满足 adj.满意的，满足的 However，like a book，your contents are much more important than your cover.(教材P54) 然而，就像一本书一样，你的内容比封面重要得多。 (1)content oneself with sth满足于……；对……感到满意 (2)be content with sth 对某事满意/满足 be content to do sth 满足于做某事；乐意做某事 ①You should not content yourself with book knowledge only.你不应该只满足于书本知识。 ②Happy is he who is content with what he has.知足者常乐。 ③She is quite content to__live(live) at home with her parents.她很乐意和父母住在一起。 5．hang over使忧心忡忡，担心可能发生 Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang over you all the time like a rain cloud.(教材P53)关于你外表的负面想法可能会像雨云一样一直笼罩着你。 hang on　 (电话用语)别挂断，稍等；紧紧抓住；坚持 hang about/around 闲荡，等待；逗留 hang up 挂断电话 ①Can you hang on for a minute?你能不能稍等一会儿？ ②The young man hung around/about for about an hour and then left the supermarket.这个年轻人闲荡了大约一个小时，然后离开了超市。 ③After I hung up I remembered what I’d wanted to say.我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。 6．live up to达到，符合，不辜负 ...these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to.(教材P53) ……对于大多数人来说，这些标准是根本不可能达到的。 live up to one’s expectations　　不辜负某人的期望 live up to one’s reputation 名副其实 ①I hope he will live up to our expectations.我希望他将不辜负我们的期望。 ②The food in the restaurant doesn’t live up to its reputation.这个饭店的食物名不副实。 7．end up最终成为，最终处于 They will only end up feeling worse about themselves.(教材P53)他们最终只会觉得自己更糟。 end up doing sth　最终…… end up with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束) end up as 作为……而结束；最终成为 end up in 以……结束(后接表抽象概念的名词) ①The meeting ended up with the summary speech of the leader.会议以领导的总结发言结束。 ②After several years of hard work，she ended up as a successful writer.经过几年的努力工作，她终于成为一名成功的作家。 ③You can end up running (run) this company if you play your card right.你要是处理得当，最后这个公司能归你掌管。 8．take pride in为……自豪，为……骄傲 ...you may be good at painting or playing the piano，so take pride in things you do well instead of worrying about things you cannot change.(教材P54) ……你可能擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己擅长的事情感到自豪，而不要为你不能改变的事情而烦恼。 be proud of＝take pride in　　为……自豪 be proud to do... 对做……感到自豪 with pride 自豪地 ①I feel very proud to be a part of the team.能成为队中的一员我感到十分自豪。 ②He is a successful businessman，and is proud of/takes pride in his career.他是个成功的商人，一直以自己的事业为傲。 ③She looked with pride at the result of her work.她自豪地看着自己的工作成果。 9.Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.(教材P53) 媒体中的美的标准会对你如何看待你的外表产生很大的影响。 句中what you think of your physical appearance为what引导的宾语从句，作短语have a big influence on的宾语。what 引导的名词性从句还可以作主语、表语和同位语。一般有五种翻译方式： (1)表示“……的东西或事情” ①They’ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。 (2)表示“……的人或……的样子” ②Who is it that has made Fred what__he__is now?是谁把弗雷德养成现在这样一个人的？ (3)表示“……的数量或数目” ③Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 (4)表示“……的时间” ④After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 (5)表示“……的地方” ⑤This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 [名师指津]　that 也可以引导名词性从句，但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作任何句子成分。 综合训练 一.完形填空 (2025福建厦门市第二外国语学校期中) During my first three years of college, I put on weight quickly. Between classwork and a part-time job, I had zero time for 　1　. Besides, I ate a lot of fast food. Not surprisingly, I 　2　 a fat stomach.  After leaving college, I 　3　 to take exercise. Invited by a friend, I 　4　 working out with exercise machines three times a week. I was the kind of person who did not try something 　5　. I ate the same food; I did the same thing. Clearly, I 　6　 my routines(习惯). My friend, however, became 　7　. One day, he said, “We're not getting enough exercise. We should play tennis instead.”  Me? Play tennis? No way. I was strongly against his 　8　. I was not good at sports and I was 　9　 the exercise machines. 　10　, weeks later, I found myself standing on a tennis court. As I held my racket(球拍), I felt 　11　. I ran after every ball he served to me, completely 　12　 about 90 per cent of them, and hitting the rest into the other court. The first few months were quite 　13　. But one day as the ball came flying toward me, my racket and the ball finally met at the spot where it is most effective to hit a ball. I watched in 　14　 as my return landed where I had aimed it. I had finally 　15　 how to play tennis properly!  1.A.games　　　　 B.holidays C.research　　　　 D.exercise 2.A.wanted　　　　 B.got C.hated　　　　 D.protected 3.A.decided　　　　 B.agreed C.regretted　　　　 D.continued 4.A.avoided　　　　 B.imagined C.began　　　　 D.minded 5.A.important　　　　 B.new C.simple　　　　 D.similar 6.A.liked　　　　 B.changed C.hid　　　　 D.completed 7.A.busy　　　　 B.careless C.bored　　　　 D.lazy 8.A.rule　　　　 B.job C.reply　　　　 D.idea 9.A.worried about　 B.happy with C.sure of　　　　 D.ashamed of 10.A.Therefore　　 B.Additionally C.Besides　　　　 D.However 11.A.silly　　　　 B.relaxed C.proud　　　　 D.satisfied 12.A.controlling　　 B.throwing C.missing　　　　 D.playing 13.A.interesting　 B.painful C.different　　　　 D.easy 14.A.secret　　　　 B.anger C.fear　　　　 D.surprise 15.A.learned　　　　 B.asked C.taught　　　　 D.remembered 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者锻炼身体的经历。 【高频词汇】　1.work out锻炼;解决　2.run after追赶3.aim v.瞄准　4.properly adv.正确地;合适地 【熟词生义】　1.serve熟义:v.提供;服务　生义:v.发(球)　2.return 熟义:n.回来,归还　生义:n.击回球 1.【答案】D　 【解析】根据上文“During my first three years of college, I put on weight quickly.”可推测,作者当时因事情忙碌,没有空去锻炼。故选D。 2.【答案】B　 【解析】根据上文可知,作者既不锻炼又吃许多快餐,所以推知他长了一个大肚子。故选B。 3.【答案】A　 【解析】根据下文“Invited by a friend, I 　4　 working out with exercise machines three times a week.”可知,作者在大学毕业后决定锻炼。故选A。  4.【答案】C　 【解析】根据上文“After leaving college, I 　3　 to take exercise.”可知,此处指作者开始定期锻炼。故选C。  5.【答案】B　 【解析】根据下文“I ate the same food; I did the same thing.”可推测,作者不喜欢改变,不喜欢新事物,所以作者不是那种喜欢尝试新事物的人。故选B。 6.【答案】A　 【解析】根据上文“I ate the same food; I did the same thing.”可推知,作者喜欢这些习惯,所以才一直不改变。故选A。 7.【答案】C　 【解析】根据下文“One day, he said, ‘We're not getting enough exercise. We should play tennis instead.'”可知,作者的朋友开始觉得厌倦,想找一种新的运动。故选C。 8.【答案】D　 【解析】根据上一段最后一句可知,此处指上文中朋友提到的“打网球”这个想法,作者对此是反对的。故选D。 9.【答案】B　 【解析】根据上文可知,作者不喜欢尝试新事物,结合空前的“I was not good at sports”可知,作者反对打网球,还是对用健身器材锻炼感到满意。故选B。 10.【答案】D　 【解析】根据上文“Me? Play tennis? No way. I was strongly against...”和下文“I found myself standing on a tennis court”可知,前后为转折关系。故选D。 11.【答案】A　 【解析】根据上文“I was not good at sports”和下文“I ran after every ball he served to me, completely 　12　 about 90 per cent of them, and hitting the rest into the other court.”可知,作者不擅长打网球,因此感觉自己很蠢。故选A。  12.【答案】C　 【解析】根据上文“I was not good at sports”和下文“hitting the rest into the other court”可知,90%左右的球都没有击中。故选C。 13.【答案】B　 【解析】根据上文可知,因为作者不擅长运动,所以刚开始很多球未击中,这让作者感到很痛苦。故选B。 14.【答案】D　 【解析】由语境可知作者的击回球降落到他瞄准的地方时,他惊讶地看着。故选D。 15.【答案】A　 【解析】根据上文“I watched in 　14　 as my return landed where I had aimed it.”可知,作者从开始的基本接不到球到自己的击回球降落到了自己瞄准的位置,所以是学会了如何正确地打网球。故选A。  二.语法填空 (2024浙江杭州月考) 　　New research says nuts could be a valuable, 　1　(taste) and nutritious slimming help. Researchers from Harvard University suggested that people replace a daily unhealthy snack with a small handful of nuts to slow down weight gain. This is 　2　(especial) helpful for people as they get older. The researchers found that people who ate just 14g of nuts every day gained 　3　(little) weight than those who ate another snack. The people who ate nuts were unlikely 　4　(become) obese.  A long-term study 　5　(carry) out by the researchers observed the lifestyle of nearly 190,000 people for over twenty years. The people in the research were divided 　6　 three groups. They included more than 51,000 male health 　7　(professional) aged 40 to 75, and 121,700 nurses aged 35 to 55. They 　8　(ask) questions every four years about their weight, how often they ate nuts, and how often they exercised. 　9　 researcher said replacing less healthy foods with nuts might help slow down the weight gain 　10　 is common as we age, and might lower the chances of becoming obese.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究结果——用少量的坚果来代替不健康的零食有助于减缓体重的增加。 【高频词汇】　1.replace v.替换;取代　2.slow down减缓　3.gain n.& v.增加　4.carry out实施　5.observe v.观察;注意到;遵守　6.be divided into...被分成……　7.lower vt.降低,减少;把……放低 adj.下面的;在底部的 1.【答案】tasty　 【解析】考查形容词。此处作定语,修饰名词短语slimming help,应用形容词tasty,意为“美味的”。故填tasty。 2.【答案】especially　 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰形容词helpful,应用副词。故填especially。 3.【答案】less　 【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意:研究人员发现,每天只吃14克坚果的人比那些吃另一种零食的人体重增加得少。根据than可知,此处应用比较级。故填less。 4.【答案】to become　 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃坚果的人不大可能变得肥胖。be unlikely to do sth.意为“不大可能做某事”。故填to become。 5.【答案】carried　 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:研究人员进行的一项长期研究观察了近十九万人的生活方式长达二十多年。分析可知,设空处作后置定语,动词短语carry out与被修饰词study之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词。故填carried。 6.【答案】into　 【解析】考查介词。句意:参与研究的人被分为三组。固定搭配be divided into...意为“被分为……”。故填into。 7.【答案】professionals　 【解析】考查名词的数。句意:他们包括51,000多名年龄在40至75岁之间的男性医务人员和121,700名年龄在35至55岁之间的护士。根据数字51,000可知,此处应用名词复数。故填professionals。 8.【答案】were asked　 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的ate和exercised可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,且ask与主语They之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were asked。句意:每四年向他们询问一次体重、吃坚果的频率和锻炼的频率。 9.【答案】A　 【解析】考查冠词。researcher是可数名词,此处表示泛指,所以其前应用不定冠词,researcher的发音以辅音音素开头。故填A。 10.【答案】which/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一位研究人员表示,用坚果代替不太健康的食物可能有助于减缓随着我们变老而常见的体重增加,并可能降低变胖的可能性。分析句子可知,设空处无提示词,空后部分缺少主语,故推测设空处引导定语从句,先行词为the weight gain,关系词在定语从句中作主语,且指物,所以用关系代词which或that。Ⅳ.七选五 三．七选五 (2025河南部分学校联考) 　　Usually, healthy diets and a healthy lifestyle fill you with fear because you imagine a simple green salad for lunch and countless hours of doing sports. 　1　 Here are some advantages of healthy eating.  * You'll feel alive and have more energy. Healthy eating isn't just about keeping your body healthy, but also about allowing your body to turn what you eat into energy. 　2　 They can keep you full for longer, and turn you into an energetic person ready to take on the world, or at least go dancing once in a while!  *　3　  When you start eating healthy food, your body learns to act. This keeps you away from seasonal colds, and even if you catch the flu by accident, it won't cause as much harm, and you'll overcome it more easily. *A happier mood(心情) becomes your everyday mood. 　4　 Sugar levels can raise or lower your mood, but proper blood sugar keeps you balanced. If you don't take in enough nutrition, you will feel unhappy, so healthier food choices will make sure that your body and brain run well.  * The skin will regrow faster, and you'll look younger. Unluckily, your skin really does show what you eat, drink, or smoke. Being the largest part of your body, your skin is possibly most influenced by your poor food choices. 　5　  A.You will never be ill. B.Illnesses and colds are a thing of the past. C.The longer you keep your body healthy, the longer you will live. D.But a healthy diet will make you look younger than you really are. E.Proper nutrition means that your body has enough energy to go every day. F.Adding vegetables and wholefoods to your meals will increase your energy levels. G.But you will change your opinions by learning what good proper meals and exercise do to you. 1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康饮食的好处。 【高频词汇】　1.by accident偶然　2.harm n.伤害 3.overcome v.克服　4.make sure确保　5.influence v.影响 【熟词生义】　run 熟义:v.跑　生义:v.运转;运行 1.【答案】G　 【解析】根据上文“Usually, healthy diets and a healthy lifestyle fill you with fear because you imagine a simple green salad for lunch and countless hours of doing sports.”可知,一想到午餐吃一份简单的蔬菜沙拉和做无数个小时的运动,人们可能对健康的饮食和健康的生活方式充满恐惧。结合选项可知,G项“但是,通过了解适当的饮食和锻炼对你有什么好处,你会改变你的看法”符合语境,其中But表示转折关系,opinions指代上文中的想法。故选G。 2.【答案】F　 【解析】根据上文“Healthy eating...also about allowing your body to turn what you eat into energy.”可知,健康的饮食使身体能把吃的东西转化成能量,所以F项“在你的膳食中添加蔬菜和全营养食物会提高你的能量水平”符合语境,其中energy levels与上文中的energy呼应,下文的They指代F项中的“vegetables and wholefoods”。故选F。 3.【答案】B　 【解析】根据第三段可知,本段主要讲健康饮食可以让你远离感冒,少得病或者得的病不严重,所以B项“疾病和感冒已成为过去的事”符合语境,介绍了健康饮食对疾病的影响,其中colds是原词复现。故选B。 4.【答案】E　 【解析】根据下文“If you don't take in enough nutrition, you will feel unhappy, so healthier food choices will make sure that your body and brain run well.”可知,不足够的营养会让你不快乐,E项“适当的营养意味着你的身体每天都有足够的能量去活动”符合语境,其中Proper nutrition与下文的enough nutrition对应。故选E。 5.【答案】D　 【解析】根据上文“Being the largest part of your body, your skin is possibly most influenced by your poor food choices.”可知,糟糕的食物对皮肤的影响较大,结合小标题中的“look younger”可知,D项“但健康的饮食会让你看起来比实际年龄年轻”符合语境,look younger是原词复现。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $