新题型：语法填空专项2 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义通过“万能四步解题法”框架系统构建语法填空知识体系，将有括号实词变形（动词时态语态、名词单复数等5大口诀）和无括号虚词填空（介词、连词等4个方向）分类梳理，并用必考清单呈现动词被动语态、固定搭配等核心考点，清晰展现语法知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于单元主题专项练习设计，如Unit1志愿者主题中“volunteer→volunteers”“is brought”等变形题，结合“避坑指南”强化被动语态、单复数等易错点，培养学生语言运用和逻辑分析能力。分层练习（单元专项+综合复习）适配不同水平学生，教师可依托清单实施精准教学，助力学生提升自主复习效率。

八年级下册一对一个性化讲义1 学生 日期 2026. 时间 7-9 课题 八年级下册新题型2：语法填空专项（沪教新版2026） 一．语法填空专项解题思路 二．学生练习（10篇） 每个单元一篇专项练习 语法填空专项解题思路 一、题型本质 1. 无括号空（虚词）：只能填：介词、冠词、连词、不定式to，不改变单词 2. 有括号空（实词变形）：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词变形（八下核心考点） 出题逻辑：70%固定搭配 + 30%语法变形 二、万能四步解题法（直接套所有题目） 第一步：先看有没有括号 ✅ 有括号 = 变形题（考语法） ✅ 无括号 = 填空题（考搭配/逻辑） 第二步：有括号单词 5大变形口诀（八下必考） 1. 动词优先看时态+语态 看到 every day/usually → 一般现在时 看到 yesterday/last → 一般过去时 看到 have/has → 现在完成时（done） 看到 by sb / 物品作主语 → 被动语态 be done（八下超级高频） 2. 名词：单复数 / 变形容词 3. 形容词→副词 修饰动词 4. 反义词：possible→impossible，lucky→unlucky 5. 代词：they→them，their，theirs 第三步：无括号空 4个必填方向（不用瞎蒙） 1. 表目的：to + 动词原形（最常考） 2. 介词：for / of / with / at / in / on 3. 连词：so（结果）/ because（原因）/ if（如果）/ when（当…时） 4. 固定搭配：make a difference, billions of, take photos 等 第四步：通读检查（避免白丢分） 看：主谓一致、单复数、时态、句子通顺、固定搭配准确 三、八下短文填空【必考背诵清单】（背完稳满分） 1. 必考动词变形（最高频） be done 被动语态：be designed / be broken / be kept / be used / be seen / be connected have + done：have discovered / have remembered to do 结构：need to do / require sb to do / opportunity to do / hard to do 2. 必考名词变形 hero→heroes disease→diseases masterpiece→masterpieces direction→directions photo→photos billion→billions of（固定复数） 3. 必考词性转换（八下核心） please (v.) → pleasant (adj. 令人愉快的) / pleasure (n.) permit (v.) → permission (n. 允许) impress (v.) → impression (n. 印象) mean (v.) → meaning (n. 意思) true (adj.) → truly (adv.) gentle (adj.) → gently (adv.) possible → impossible (反义词必考) 4. 必背固定搭配（试卷90%空来自这里） make a difference 起作用，有影响 remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事 require sb to do 要求某人做某事 combine A with B 把A和B结合 take a deep breath 深呼吸 be worth doing 值得做某事 spare time to do 空闲时间做某事 lift spirits 振奋精神 at a fixed time 在固定时间 at night 在晚上 way to do 做……的方式 opportunity to do 做某事的机会 5. 必考连词逻辑（不会就读前后句） 前因后果 → so 前果后因 → because 表条件 → if 表让步/时间 → when / while 表目的 → to do 四、学生最容易错的10个坑（避坑必看） 1. 看到物品作主语，一定要用被动（be done） 2. 可数名词必须考虑单复数 3. 修饰动词必须用副词（truly / gently） 4. it is + adj. + to do 固定句型 5. worth 后面只加doing 6. have 后面只加过去分词done 7. billions of 永远复数，不能写billion 8. make a difference 必须加a 9. 动词不定式to后面永远原形 10. 单数主语，一般现在时动词要加s/es 练习 1（Unit1 志愿者、病痛、捐赠主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Many students want to be (1)__________ (volunteer) to look after the elderly in the community. Some old people have serious (2)__________ (disease) like cancer and they are often in great pain. We decide to raise money (3)__________ them. We will collect pounds and donate all money (4)__________ the hospital. Everyone has spare time (5)__________ take part in this activity. Joy (6)__________ (bring) to the old people every weekend. We talk with them to lift their spirits. Nothing (7)__________ (belong) to us if we only think of ourselves. It is (8)__________ (pleasure) to help others and ease their ache. We have asked for the teacher’s (9)__________ (permit) to arrange this activity. We believe our small acts can make (10)__________ difference. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 2（Unit2 肢体动作、情绪、举止主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 When you meet a polite madam, she will shake your hand and clap her hands (1)__________ (gentle). Her good behaviour leaves a deep (2)__________ (impress) on you. The boss often reminds us (3)__________ watch our expression and nod our heads when we listen to others. Don’t act uncomfortable (4)__________ you feel shy. The teacher emphasizes that we should speak (5)__________ (true). I suppose every case needs us (6)__________ (observe) carefully. If you hold back your bad mood, you won’t act mad. Every word has its special (7)__________ (mean). You can direct your feelings properly (8)__________ control your temper. It’s not right (9)__________ (show) rude behaviour in public. This rule must (10)__________ (keep) in mind. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 3（Unit3 表演、AI、利弊、风险主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 This school’s art performance combines folk dance (1)__________ modern music. Its theme is about artificial intelligence and brave (2)__________ (hero). The classic speech gives us a warning: every new tech has its risk (3)__________ advantage. Leather clothes look cool but have hidden danger. If you wave your hand too fast, you may crash into the wall. There is a big gap (4)__________ our dream and real life. Every element of the show (5)__________ (design) by advanced students. We take deep (6)__________ (breathe) before going on stage. We must mind our steps (7)__________ avoid falling down. It is (8)__________ (help) to learn all the rules first. The teacher will check our text before the show (9)__________ we start. This activity is worth (10)__________ (join). (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 4（Unit4 艺术、雕塑、损坏、展览主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The great master created many priceless (1)__________ (masterpiece), like stone sculpture. You cannot copy them or damage them at the exhibition. His daughter requires all visitors (2)__________ keep away from the works. If you separate the pieces, they can never fix well. Whenever you come, you must follow strict rules (3)__________ protect the art. Unfortunately, some works (4)__________ (break) last month. The artist graduated ten years ago, and he limits the temperature (5)__________ preserve his art. Every small detail matters a lot. His healthy lifestyle lets him keep creating. No one (6)__________ (allow) to touch the exhibits. We put a sign at the gate (7)__________ remind people of the rules. It is hard (8)__________ (value) these old art works fully. The exhibition will last for a month (9)__________ everyone can enjoy it. We hope no more damage (10)__________ (happen). (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 5（Unit5 人物、法律、努力、健康主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 You can easily recognize the handsome young man in the mirror. He used to be thin and thirsty all day, often with a sore throat. He once broke the official law and got punished. Now he never throws rubbish everywhere (1)__________ follow social rules. Force will never solve problems, and only hard work can make great (2)__________ (progress). The blog he publishes talks about rare plants in different (3)__________ (direction). He carries a gun only for self-protection. His slim body makes him easily alarmed by small animals. Every value in life (4)__________ (teach) to us by parents. If you act typical bad ways, you will (5)__________ (sure) get into trouble. We should know the law clearly (6)__________ avoid being punished. Every shoulder bears its own duty. It’s necessary (7)__________ (drink) enough water when you feel thirsty. The guide points out the right direction (8)__________ us. We learn to treasure every valuable thing. No one can escape punishment (9)__________ they break rules. Everyone’s effort (10)__________ (see) by others. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 6（Unit6 舞台、诗歌、青年、节日主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 On the bright stage, the youth read beautiful poetry on Christmas Eve. Their rosy faces show creative and warm pleasure. The activity’s conclusion points out we should promote Chinese art (1)__________ go abroad. Every opportunity (2)__________ (value) greatly. You can acquire new skills on this sheet of paper. We find many clues (3)__________ solve art problems. Don’t feel concerned if you make small mistakes (4)__________ performing. All youth’s hard work is worth praise. We wear special costume to match the theme. It is a great pleasure (5)__________ (share) art with others. Every poem (6)__________ (write) by young students. The teacher helps us draw final conclusion. We hope more people (7)__________ (join) our show next year. It’s wise to catch every opportunity (8)__________ improve ourselves. People abroad love our poetry (9)__________ it carries Chinese culture. This art activity lets our youth (10)__________ (grow) more confident. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 7（Unit7 太空、食物、卫星、燃料主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 In the spaceflight lab, scientists select proper fuel to supply spaceships. Satellites fly high above the earth and serve human life. We cannot afford too much seafood and beef every day. If you stick to bad eating habits, your muscle (1)__________ (hurt) easily. A falling rock hit the lab last week and destroyed some equipment. The average person probably cannot understand space knowledge. Workers deliver fuel to the station (2)__________ fixed time every day. Every satellite’s point (3)__________ (control) by computers. It is probable that we will travel to Mars one day. Too much seafood (4)__________ (be) bad for our body. We must select healthy food every day. The lab supplies all tools (5)__________ space research. It’s dangerous to hit the satellite’s surface. We learn how to preserve muscle by doing gym exercise. It takes lots of fuel (6)__________ (send) satellites into space. Scientists mention space problems every night. No machine (7)__________ (work) without enough fuel. We will protect satellites well (8)__________ they help us study the universe. It is hard (9)__________ (supply) unlimited fuel for long space trips. Every satellite can point to different planets (10)__________ collect data. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 8（Unit8 健康、户外、争吵、紧急情况主题） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I won’t mention my fear of ugly creatures tonight. Last time I saw a strange animal, I felt frightened and had a bad cough. If you have a sore throat and cough all day, don’t refuse to see a doctor in emergency. We take a camera when we camp in the tent. Some worries are unnecessary (1)__________ we prepare well. Whether we go out or stay home, we must not argue with our family backward. Don’t disappoint your parents with crazy ideas. Every emergency (2)__________ (deal) with calmly. We learn to refuse dangerous activities. It’s terrible to meet ugly wild creatures in the tent (3)__________ night. A bad cough makes you frightened and weak. We carry cameras (4)__________ record our camping trip. It’s unnecessary (5)__________ (worry) about small things. Don’t argue backward with your friends. Bad news will disappoint you (6)__________ you take it easy. We know how to solve all emergency problems. No one should be crazy (7)__________ risky outdoor games. We refuse to do dangerous activities. We will not disappoint our parents (8)__________ we behave well. The teacher mentions safety rules every night before we camp. Every word (9)__________ (remember) by us. It’s wise to take tents and cameras (10)__________ outdoor trips. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 9（综合 Unit1-4 混合词汇复习） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 As a volunteer, I offer help to the elderly with serious disease. I raise pounds to donate and arrange small art shows for them. We combine classic speech and folk dance for the performance. The master’s priceless masterpiece is shown in the exhibition. Whenever we visit, we separate rubbish and don’t damage any art detail. We require ourselves (1)__________ keep polite. It brings us great joy to ease the old people’s ache. Every artificial intelligence tool (2)__________ (use) to make the show better. The theme of the show is brave heroes with no fear of risk. We take deep breath before going on stage. Unfortunately, some sculpture copies (3)__________ (break) last week. We limit visitors’ number to preserve the works. The teacher gives us permission (4)__________ organize this activity. It’s a pleasant way to spend our spare time. No risk (5)__________ (miss) our attention during the show. Every element of the performance matters. We learn many advanced skills (6)__________ watching the master’s works. This activity lets us know the true value of kindness. Every small act (7)__________ (bring) joy to others. We will keep doing volunteer work (8)__________ it warms both others and ourselves. It is easy (9)__________ (forget) the rules, so we remind each other all the time. The exhibition will show all masterpieces (10)__________ one month. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 练习 10（综合 Unit5-8 混合词汇复习） 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I recognize the handsome youth with a sore throat. He doesn’t break the law or punish others with force. He writes blogs to publish poetry and promotes Chinese art abroad. On Christmas Eve, young poets stand on the stage. Scientists send satellites into spaceflight and select fuel in the lab to supply spaceships. When we meet emergency outdoors, we won’t argue backward or feel crazy and frightened. Every youth’s progress (1)__________ (see) in their creative works. We treasure every opportunity to acquire new skills. Satellites point to far planets and deliver space data. Too much beef and seafood (2)__________ (make) us uncomfortable. We take tents and cameras to avoid unnecessary fear of ugly creatures. It’s not worth disappointing our family. Every clue in poetry (3)__________ (connect) to our daily life. We preserve all art works at proper temperature. The average student can also master poetry writing (4)__________ daily practice. Whether you stay indoors or go to the gym, stick to healthy living habits. We mention space knowledge and poetry every night (5)__________ learn more. Every costume for the stage show (6)__________ (make) by art students. It’s probable that more satellites (7)__________ (send) into space soon. We will refuse dangerous outdoor games (8)__________ keep safe. All poetry works carry rosy hope for the youth. No one can escape the law (9)__________ they do wrong. This mix of art and science (10)__________ (help) us grow all the time. (1)________ (2)________ (3)________ (4)________ (5)________ (6)________ (7)________ (8)________ (9)________ (10)________ 参考答案： 练习1（Unit1 志愿者、病痛、捐赠主题）答案 (1) volunteers (2) diseases (3) for (4) to (5) to (6) is brought (7) belongs (8) pleasant (9) permission (10) a 练习2（Unit2 肢体动作、情绪、举止主题）答案 (1) gently (2) impression (3) to (4) when (5) truly (6) to observe (7) meaning (8) to (9) to show (10) be kept 练习3（Unit3 表演、AI、利弊、风险主题）答案 (1) with (2) heroes (3) and (4) between (5) is designed (6) breath (7) to (8) helpful (9) before (10) joining 练习4（Unit4 艺术、雕塑、损坏、展览主题）答案 (1) masterpieces (2) to (3) to (4) were broken (5) to (6) is allowed (7) to (8) to value (9) so (10) will happen 练习5（Unit5 人物、法律、努力、健康主题）答案 (1) to (2) progress (3) directions (4) is taught (5) surely (6) to (7) to drink (8) to (9) if (10) is seen 练习6（Unit6 舞台、诗歌、青年、节日主题）答案 (1) to (2) is valued (3) to (4) when (5) to share (6) is written (7) will join (8) to (9) because (10) grow 练习7（Unit7 太空、食物、卫星、燃料主题）答案 (1) hurts (2) at (3) is controlled (4) is (5) for (6) to send (7) works (8) because (9) to supply (10) to 练习8（Unit8 健康、户外、争吵、紧急情况主题）答案 (1) if (2) is dealt (3) at (4) to (5) to worry (6) unless (7) about (8) if (9) is remembered (10) for 练习9（综合Unit1-4 混合词汇复习）答案 (1) to (2) is used (3) were broken (4) to (5) is missed (6) by (7) brings (8) because (9) to forget (10) for 练习10（综合Unit5-8 混合词汇复习）答案 (1) is seen (2) makes (3) is connected (4) by (5) to (6) is made (7) will be sent (8) to (9) if (10) helps 八年级下册新题型1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $