2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册暑假作业--基础巩固与拓展提高练习Unit5

**基本信息** 2026年人教版英语八年级下暑假作业Unit 5卷，以自然灾害为主题，融合基础巩固与拓展提高，适配单元复习，通过真实情境培养语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |首字母填空|25题|自然灾害核心词汇（如emergency, flood）|结合防灾场景，强化语境词汇运用| |词形填空|20题|动词时态、词性转换（如hide-hid, power-powerful）|聚焦语法基础，提升语言准确性| |完形填空|10题|暴风雨情境语篇理解|通过环境描写考查上下文逻辑分析| |阅读理解|5题|洪水灾害新闻报道|整合事实细节与推理判断，培养信息提取能力| |书面表达|1题|灾害经历叙述|结合防灾减灾日，提升综合语言输出与反思能力|

2026年人教版英语八年级下暑假作业--基础巩固与拓展提高练习Unit 5 基础巩固AOHANG 一、首字母填空 1．Every family should have an e________ plan to prepare for sudden dangers. 2．Sometimes tall waves f________ the areas near the coast. 3．Different countries have different c________, so we should respect their differences. 4．We should take action to protect people’s s________ during natural disasters. 5．The news r________ said that a heavy snowstorm would come soon. 6．We are trying to help people in t________ after the typhoon. 7．It was raining h________ when we got to the bus stop. 8．The house was dark because the p________ went out suddenly. 9．A terrible e________ happened in Japan in 2011, killing thousands of people. 10．Please w________ the children about the danger of swimming in the river. 11．We should s________ our disaster safety experience with our friends to help them keep safe. 12．It’s important to stay c________ when we face natural disasters, or we may get hurt. 13．We need to p________ emergency supplies like food and water before a flood comes. 14．A violent storm is a powerful natural d________ that can cause great damage to our homes. 15．An i_________ is a conversation between a reporter and a person. 16．The rain b________ against the window all night. 17．Those low and t________ clouds often bring rain or snow. 18．They were running to the b_________ to keep out of the rain. 19．Nature is both a kind mother and a cold-blooded k________. 20．Last winter, my family had a t________ experience with a snowstorm. 21．Her family didn’t b________ her at first and wanted to continue their walk. 22．Lisa’s family didn’t make enough p________ before the typhoon. 23．My neighbour’s house was on fire, so I w________ him at once. 24．A t________ is a strong storm with heavy rain and wind. 25．One winter, a heavy s________ hit the village and everyone tried their best to clear the snow in front of the house. 2、 用所给词正确形式填空 26．He ________ his sadness from his family after failing the exam. (hide) 27．He slept ________ last night, so he’s full of energy today. (sound) 28．This dictionary is a ________ tool for learning English. (power) 29．My heart ________ fast when I saw the exam results. (beat) 30．His ________ about the plan made us excited. (think) 31．________, the rain stopped before the picnic started. (thank) 32．Peter was unhappy because he did ________ in the test among all the students. (badly) 33．The teacher gave us 10 minutes of ________ time before the speech. (prepare) 34．Jack, I have trouble ________ out the math problem. (work) 35．We gain ________ (know) by reading books. 36．It was ________ (luck) that I left my umbrella at home. 37．He ________ (usual) checks the weather forecast in the morning. 38．________ (sudden) , the lights went out. 39．The wind blew ________ (terrible) last night. 40．He joined a ________ (volunteer) group to clean the park. 41．The ________ (firefight) saved the old man from the fire. 42．This is the ________ (bad) storm in ten years. 43．My father works as a news ________ (report). 44．The ________ (east) part of the country often suffers from heavy rain in summer. 45．________ (thankful), all the guests were brought out of the building successfully by firemen. 拓展提高AOHANG 三、完形填空 Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no 46 outside, it felt like midnight. Then the rain started to 47 heavily against the windows. We were sitting in our warm living room. All of a sudden, the light went off and on for a few times and then went out 48 . Everything went black. We found the flashlight and some candles and then went to bed. The next morning when I 49 , my first feeling was that it was pretty cold in my bedroom. Clearly, the power (电力供应) didn’t come back. After I looked out of the window, I felt even 50 : it was still raining heavily and the sky was still dark. The room was becoming colder and colder. We had no idea 51 the power would come back, so my wife started a fire in the fireplace. Although we lit (点燃) a few candles, it was still 52 to do anything in the weak light. I was sitting near several candles, but I had 53 reading. The storm finally stopped in the afternoon, and I drove my car to 54 an open store. The trees along the roads were broken. I only bought the most 55 things—bread, some fruit, more drinking water and batteries (电池) for the flashlight. On my way home, the power came back and it cheered people up. 46．A．wind B．light C．storm D．color 47．A．beat B．push C．throw D．drop 48．A．hardly B．heavily C．completely D．secondly 49．A．woke up B．gave up C．picked up D．fixed up 50．A．better B．quieter C．sadder D．cleverer 51．A．where B．when C．how D．why 52．A．strong B．blind C．unfair D．difficult 53．A．fun B．trouble C．luck D．stress 54．A．look up B．look at C．look for D．look after 55．A．necessary B．expensive C．delicious D．proper 四、阅读理解 Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it’s hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It’s also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 56．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 57．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．heavy rains B．the floods C．people D．power lines 58．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 59．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 60．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. 五、补全短文 There are lots of natural disasters every year. Typhoons are among them. Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September. 61 When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. 62 The warmer the air gets, the faster the wind moves. And when wind moves faster than 32.7 metres a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. It’s the centre of the typhoon. 63 The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Typhoons are very dangerous. In November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people in the Philippines. 64 What should we do when a typhoon happens? ● 65 Close all the windows and stay away from them. ● Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your cars! ● Listen to the radio, watch the TV or search on the Internet for important information. ● If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now. A．Stay inside. B．More people were hurt and some others were missing. C．The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. D．We should try to stop disasters like typhoons. E．In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. F．How does a typhoon happen? 六、阅读填表 Everyone knows that climate change is a big problem for our planet. But as we go about our everyday lives, we often forget about it. In fact, climate change is already affecting some of our favourite foods and drinks, and it might make us change what we eat and drink soon. Many people start their day with a cup of coffee, but rising temperatures may make them give up their habit. Warmer weather is making it easier for fungi(真菌) to spread (传播) among coffee plants, and some areas are becoming too hot for the plants to grow in. And simply, changing to tea won’t help anything, either, because like coffee plants, tea plants don’t grow well in hot and dry weather. It can change how tea tastes and how much we can get in. Chocolate is at risk, too! Cocoa plants are important for chocolate-making. But the highest temperature that cocoa plants can grow in is around 32°C． If it keeps getting hotter, we could lose them by the year 2050.     Climate change also affects important crops (农作物) like wheat, corn, and rice. A large number of people in the world depend on these foods to live. But these crops are in danger because the temperatures are becoming higher. These days, farmers and scientists are working together to grow new crops that need less water and can grow better in changing weather. They have had some success, but we must act quickly. If we don’t stop climate change, we may not have enough food to eat in the future. The 66 caused by climate change Main drinks The weather is making it 67 for coffee plants to grow in some areas. Hot and dry weather will affect the 68 of tea plants as well. Important crops The crops are in danger because of 69 temperatures. Results If the weather keeps getting hotter, we could lose chocolate by the year 2050. If we don’t 70 the problem, we may not have enough food to eat in the future. 七、短文填空 Every year, natural disasters happen in many places all over the world. 71 earthquake happened in Myanmar (缅甸) on 28 March 2025. 72 (unlucky), many people got hurt or died in it. Earthquakes can happen at any time and in all 73 (place). The taller the buildings are, the 74 (much) dangerous they will be. You’d better take the following measures to keep yourself away 75 danger during the earthquake. When an earthquake happens, do not try to run out of the building if you are on the 76 (two) floor— even if you only take a short time to go. Hide under a table or anything similar quickly. Cover your eyes and head with your hands to protect 77 (they). It is easy for people to get hurt in such a situation. 78 a fire alarm rings, you will have to leave the building as fast as possible. Take the nearest stairs (楼梯) 79 (leave) the building. Remember not to come back to the building until it is safe. Natural disasters are unpredictable (不可预测的). Protecting yourself 80 (be) all you can do. 八、书面表达 自然灾害总会突如其来。5月12日是全国防灾减灾日，为宣传让青少年学会应对灾害、意识到保护自己是重要的生存技能，学校英文报社以“An Unforgettable Natural Disaster Experience”为题写一篇英语征稿：讲述一次你难忘的自然灾害经历，包括灾害发生的情景、你的应对方式及从中得到的感悟。 要点包括： 1．灾害发生的情景（如当时你在哪里、正在做什么，天气或环境如何变化）； 2．你的应对方式（你做了什么来保护自己或帮助他人）； 3．你的感悟（从这次经历中学到了什么，或认识到了哪些重要的生存技能）。 注意事项： 1．文中不得出现真实的校名、人名等信息； 2．字数在120词左右； 3．语句流利通顺，意思完整。 An Unforgettable Natural Disaster Experience 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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．emergency/mergency 【详解】句意：每个家庭都应该有一个应急计划来为突发危险做准备。空格处修饰名词plan，应用名词作定语。结合首字母“e”，emergency可作名词，意为“紧急情况”，emergency plan表示“应急计划”，符合句意。 2．flood/lood 【详解】句意：有时候巨浪会淹没沿海地区。flood意为 “淹没，泛滥”，句中表示巨浪淹没海岸附近区域，主语是复数名词，陈述一般情况，动词用原形。 3．customs/ustoms 【详解】句意：不同的国家有不同的习俗，所以我们应该尊重它们的差异。根据前文“Different countries”的语境、首字母为c，结合different后接可数名词复数的用法，可确定单词customs，作名词，意为“习俗”；契合各国拥有不同习俗、需要互相尊重的句意，符合语境。 4．safety/afety 【详解】句意：我们应该采取行动在自然灾害期间保护人们的安全。句中“people’s”是名词所有格，后面应当接名词。根据语境“protect”以及首字母“s”提示，这里指的是人们的“安全”，对应的名词是safety，它是不可数名词。 5．reporter/eporter 【详解】句意：新闻记者说一场大暴风雪很快就要来了。根据语境“播报新闻”及首字母r提示，此处应填reporter (记者)，news reporter是固定搭配，表示“新闻记者”。 故填reporter。 6．trouble/rouble 【详解】句意：台风过后，我们正努力帮助处于困境中的人们。句中“in”后应接名词，首字母为“t”，表示“困境、麻烦”的常见名词为“trouble”，固定搭配“in trouble”意为“处于困境中、遇到麻烦”，故填trouble。 7．heavily/eavily 【详解】句意：当我们到达公交车站时，雨正下得很大。根据“raining”和首字母提示，可知形容雨下得大用heavily，是副词修饰动词，作状语。 8．power/ower 【详解】句意：房子里一片漆黑，因为突然停电了。根据“The house was dark”和“went out suddenly”，以及首字母提示，可知此处是power，表示“电力供应”，是不可数名词，在从句中作主语。 9．earthquake/arthquake 【详解】句意：2011年日本发生了一场可怕的地震，造成数千人遇难。根据首字母提示及“killing thousands of people”可知，此处指的是地震。earthquake为名词，表示“地震”。故填earthquake。 10．warn/arn 【详解】句意：请警告孩子们在河里游泳的危险。根据首字母“w”和“the danger of swimming in the river”的语境，此处为动词“warn（警告）”，“warn sb. about sth.”意为“警告某人某事”；本句为祈使句，此处用动词原形。应填warn。 11．share/hare 【详解】句意：我们应该和朋友们分享防灾安全经验，帮助他们保障安全。由“We should...our disaster safety experience with our friends”和首字母可知，强调和朋友们分享经验，share sth. with sb.意为“和某人分享某物”，情态动词should后接动词原形，首字母s对应share。 12．calm/alm 【详解】句意：当我们面对自然灾害时，保持冷静是很重要的，否则我们可能会受伤。在灾难面前，为了不被伤害，我们需要保持的状态是“冷静的”。根据首字母“c”提示，以及系动词“stay”后接形容词的用法，此处应填形容词“calm”，意为“冷静的、镇静的”。 13．prepare/repare 【详解】句意：在洪水来临之前，我们需要准备应急物资，如食物和水。根据“before a flood comes”和首字母p提示可知，此处是指准备物资。prepare意为“准备”。 14．disaster/isaster 【详解】句意：猛烈的风暴是一种强大的自然灾害，会对我们的家园造成巨大破坏。空前有形容词“natural”，空后是定语从句，说明此处需要一个名词。 结合常识，风暴属于“自然灾害”，不定冠词a后用名词单数，首字母d对应disaster。 15．interview/nterview 【详解】句意：采访是记者和一个人之间的对话。句中描述的是“记者和人之间的对话”，这是interview（采访、访谈）的定义。符合句意和首字母i提示。故填interview。    16．beat/eat 【详解】句意：雨整夜敲打着窗户。句中“all night”表示过去持续的动作，提示句子用一般过去时；“beat against”是固定搭配，意为“（雨、风等）拍打、敲打”。beat的过去式与原形同形，仍为beat，故填beat。 17．thick/hick 【详解】句意：那些又低又厚的云经常带来雨或雪。低而厚重的云层正是雨雪天气的典型预兆。thick意为 “厚的、浓密的”，用来形容云层厚重，符合气象常识，且开头字母t与题目中给出的t完美对应。故填thick。 18．building/uilding 【详解】句意：他们正跑向那栋建筑物以避雨。空格前为定冠词“the”，空格后为不定式“to keep out of the rain”，需填入一个表示场所的单数名词，首字母为b，“building”（建筑物）是常见的避雨场所。故填building。 19．killer/iller 【详解】句意：大自然既是一位慈母，又是一个冷血的杀手。根据首字母提示以及“both a kind mother and a cold-blooded”可知，此处表示与“慈母”形成对比的、具有“冷血”特征的某种事物。名词killer意为“杀手”，符合语境，与“cold-blooded”搭配构成“cold-blooded killer” (冷血杀手)，句中作表语。 故填killer。 20．terrifying/errifying 【详解】句意：去年冬天，我们一家人经历了一次可怕的暴风雪。暴风雪的经历应该是偏负面的，“a...experience”前应填形容词，首字母为“t”，表示“可怕的”或“吓人的”形容词为“terrifying”。 21．believe/elieve 【详解】句意：她的家人起初不相信她，想要继续散步。“wanted to continue their walk”以及首字母提示可知，此处指不相信她，句中didn’t后面需要跟动词原形believe。 22．preparations/reparations 【详解】句意：丽莎的家人在台风来临前没有做好足够的准备。句中“make enough”后应接名词，首字母为“p”，表示“准备”的常见名词为“preparation”，固定搭配“make preparations”意为“做准备”。故填preparations。 23．warned/arned 【详解】句意：我邻居家着火了，所以我立刻警告了他。根据首字母“w”以及“邻居家着火”的语境可知，此处需要表达“警告”的含义，“warn”意为“警告”，结合前半句“was”可知句子用一般过去时，warn的过去式是warned，符合语法要求及语境。 24．typhoon/yphoon 【详解】句意：台风是一种伴有暴雨和大风的强烈风暴。根据英文描述“A strong storm with heavy rain and wind”，结合所给首字母“t”，可知这里说的是typhoon，其常见释义就是“台风”。 25．snowstorm/nowstorm 【详解】句意：一年冬天，一场暴风雪袭击了村子，每个人都尽最大努力清除房子前面的雪。根据“One winter”和“clear the snow”可知，袭击村子的是暴风雪，snowstorm“暴风雪”，a后跟单数名词。 26． hid 【详解】句意：考试失利后，他对家人隐瞒了自己的悲伤。句中“after failing the exam”表明动作发生在过去，因此句子需使用一般过去时。动词hide的过去式为hid，故填hid。 27． soundly 【详解】句意：他昨晚睡得很香，所以今天精力充沛。句中动词slept需要副词来修饰，形容词sound的副词形式为soundly，表示“酣畅地、安稳地”，故填soundly。 28． powerful 【详解】句意：这本词典是学习英语的一个强有力的工具。根据空后名词tool可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词；power是名词，其形容词形式为powerful“强有力的”，符合语境。 29． beat 【详解】句意：当我看到考试成绩时，我的心跳动得很快。句子的时间状语从句when I saw the exam results用了过去式saw，说明整个事件发生在过去，因此主句的动词beat也要用过去式。beat是不规则动词，过去式仍是beat。 30． thought 【详解】句意：他对这个计划的想法让我们很兴奋。形容词性物主代词His后需接名词，提示词think是动词，需转换为名词thought，表示“想法”，作句子的主语。故填thought。 31． Thankfully 【详解】句意：谢天谢地，野餐开始前雨停了。空格位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，需要填入副词作状语。thank的副词形式为Thankfully，意为“幸亏，幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母需大写。 32． worst 【详解】句意：彼得不开心，因为他在所有学生中考试考得最差。所给词badly为副词，空格处需用副词最高级表示“最差地”，badly的最高级为worst。 33． preparation 【详解】句意：老师在演讲前给了我们10分钟的准备时间。所给词prepare为动词，空格处需用名词形式，prepare的名词为preparation，意为“准备”。 34． working 【详解】句意：杰克，我解不出这道数学题。根据句子结构，have trouble (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，其中介词in可以省略，后面动词需用动名词形式。所给词work与out构成短语work out，意为“解决出”。故填working。 35．knowledge 【详解】句意：我们通过读书获取知识。 句中动词gain后需接名词作宾语，动词know的名词形式为knowledge意为“知识”，不可数名词，故填knowledge。 36．unlucky 【详解】句意：我把雨伞落在家里，真是太倒霉了。后半句说“把雨伞落在家里”，这是一件不幸的事，所以用luck的否定形容词形式unlucky“不幸的、倒霉的”，作表语。 37．usually 【详解】句意：他通常在早上查看天气预报。 句中修饰动词checks需要用副词形式，形容词usual的副词形式为usually。 38．Suddenly 【详解】句意：突然，灯灭了。括号里的“sudden”是形容词，意思是“突然的”。 这里需要一个副词来修饰整个句子（描述灯灭这件事发生的方式），所以要把sudden变成副词suddenly, 首字母大写。应填Suddenly。 39．terribly 【详解】句意：昨晚风刮得很猛烈。所给词“terrible”为形容词，意为“可怕的；剧烈的”。空格前“blew”为动词，因此本空需要填副词来修饰动词。形容词变副词的规则是在词尾加-ly，因此“terrible”变为 terribly，意为“很，非常”。故填terribly。 40．voluntary 【详解】句意：他加入了一个志愿小组去打扫公园。此处需要形容词修饰名词group，volunteer的形容词形式为voluntary，意为“志愿的”。 41．firefighter 【详解】句意：消防员从火中救出了那位老人。firefight“交火；枪战”，为名词，句中“saved”为谓语动词，空处作主语，需要填入表示人的名词。firefight不表示“人”，需使用其派生名词firefighter，意为“消防员”，故填firefighter。 42．worst 【详解】句意：这是十年来最严重的一次风暴。括号里的“bad”是形容词原级，意为“坏的、糟糕的、严重的”。句中的“the”和“in ten years”提示我们，这里要用形容词的最高级形式，表示“在这个范围内最……的”。bad是不规则变化的形容词，它的比较级是worse，最高级是worst。 43． reporter 【详解】句意：我父亲是一名新闻记者。report“报道；报告”，句中“works as a news...”表示“作为一名新闻……工作”，需要填入表示职业的名词。report加后缀-er构成reporter，意为“记者；报道者”，news reporter即“新闻记者”。 44．eastern 【详解】句意：这个国家的东部地区在夏季经常遭遇大雨。空格后是名词part，需要用形容词修饰名词。east是名词，意为“东方”，它的形容词形式为eastern (东部的)，应填eastern。 45．Thankfully 【详解】句意：幸运的是，所有客人都被消防员成功救出了大楼。句中“all the guests were brought out successfully”提示此处需用一个副词修饰整个句子，表达“幸运地”含义，thankful的副词形式为Thankfully，且位于句首，首字母大写，符合句子语境及语法要求。 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文讲述了一场暴风雨导致停电，作者一家度过艰难夜晚，次日外出购买必需品，回家途中电力恢复的故事。 【详解】46．句意：外面没有光，感觉就像午夜一样。 根据前文“Black clouds were making the sky very dark”及后文“it felt like midnight”可知，乌云蔽日，外面一片漆黑，没有光。light意为“光，光线”，符合语境。wind意为“风”，storm意为“暴风雨”，color意为“颜色”，均不能与“像午夜一样黑暗”构成直接因果关系。 47．句意：然后雨开始猛烈地敲打着窗户。 根据空后的“heavily against the windows”可知，此处描述雨水重重击打窗户的动作。beat意为“敲打，击打”，常用来描述风雨的猛烈冲击，符合语境。push意为“推”，throw意为“扔”，drop意为“掉落”，均不能贴切描述暴雨冲击窗户的动态。 48．句意：突然，灯闪了几次，然后就完全熄灭了。 根据后文“Everything went black”可知，灯光彻底熄灭了。completely意为“完全地”，强调最终彻底断电的状态，符合语境。hardly意为“几乎不”，heavily意为“沉重地”，secondly意为“其次”，均不能准确描述灯光最终熄灭的彻底程度。 49．句意：第二天早上当我醒来时，我的第一感觉是卧室里相当冷。 根据“The next morning”及“my first feeling”可知，这是描述早上睡醒时的感受。woke up意为“醒来”，符合语境。gave up意为“放弃”，picked up意为“捡起”，fixed up意为“修理”，均与早晨起床的语境不符。 50．句意：望向窗外之后，我感到更难过：雨还在下，天空依然黑暗。 根据冒号后的描述可知，天气依旧恶劣，这种景象会让人情绪更加低落。sadder意为“更难过”，符合语境。better意为“更好”，quieter意为“更安静”，cleverer意为“更聪明”，均与恶劣天气带来的负面情绪不符。 51．句意：我们不知道电力什么时候会恢复。 根据后文“so my wife started a fire in the fireplace”可知，因为不知道何时来电，所以才生火取暖。when意为“什么时候”，表示对时间的未知，符合语境。where意为“在哪里”，how意为“如何”，why意为“为什么”，均不能表达对恢复时间的未知。 52．句意：虽然我们点燃了几根蜡烛，但在微弱的光线下仍然很难做任何事情。 根据后文“in the weak light”可知，烛光昏暗，做事自然困难。difficult意为“困难的”，符合语境。strong意为“强壮的”，blind意为“失明的”，unfair意为“不公平的”，均不能描述在弱光下做事的难度。 53．句意：我坐在几根蜡烛旁边，但阅读起来仍然有困难。 根据前文光线微弱及转折连词“but”可知，即使有烛光，阅读还是有困难。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，符合语境。fun意为“乐趣”，luck意为“运气”，stress意为“压力”，均不能与阅读困难匹配。 54．句意：暴风雨终于在下午停了，我开车去寻找一家营业的商店。 根据空后“an open store”可知，需要寻找还在营业的商店。look for意为“寻找”，符合语境。look up意为“查阅”，look at意为“看”，look after意为“照顾”，均不能表达寻找商店的动作。 55．句意：我只买了最必要的东西——面包、水果、更多的饮用水和手电筒电池。 根据破折号后列出的物品均为生活必需可知，只采购了必需品。necessary意为“必要的”，符合语境。expensive意为“昂贵的”，delicious意为“美味的”，proper意为“适当的”，均不能概括停电后最急需的生存物资。 56．B 57．C 58．C 59．D 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃省兰州市榆中县及周边地区遭遇暴雨引发的洪水灾害，介绍了灾害造成的损失、影响以及各方救援情况。 【详解】56．第一段提到“In some places, 220 millimeters (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!”，这直接表明有些地方15小时的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。 57．第二段“The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily.”中，前文描述了洪水造成的各种破坏，接着说这些人不能轻易获得干净的水和电，所以“they”指代的是受洪水影响的人们。 58．第四段“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”中，省交通部门派机器和工人去修路，所以“diggers”应该是用于修路的机器。 59．文章先介绍了洪水造成的危害，如人员伤亡、道路损坏、人们生活受影响等，接着又讲述了很多人努力救援，省交通部门派机器和工人修路，其他工人修复水电，公司也提供帮助等情况，所以报告主要是关于洪水的危害和给予的帮助。 60．第四段提到省交通部门派了40多台大机器和200多名工人去修路，结合前文道路损坏严重以及后文“So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again.”可知，作者给出机器和工人的数量是为了表明人们工作多么努力。 61．F 62．C 63．E 64．B 65．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了台风的形成过程（海水蒸发→空气升温上升→形成旋转气流）、台风的结构（风眼与眼壁）以及2013年超强台风海燕造成的危害，并提出了台风发生时的安全应对措施。 【详解】61．第二段开头详细说明了台风是如何形成的——海水受热蒸发、空气上升、冷空气涌入、产生风力并加速旋转等。空格前提到“Most happen in July, August and September.”，F项“How does a typhoon happen?”以设问方式引出下文对台风成因的完整说明，承上启下。故填F。 62．第二段中“it starts to move quickly, making wind, _____”描述了空气运动产生风力后的进一步发展。C项“The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky.”紧接“making wind”之后，解释了风的运动形态，与后句“The warmer the air gets, the faster the wind moves.”形成连贯的因果链条。故填C。 63．第三段介绍台风的结构：“One is called the ‘eye’. It's the centre of the typhoon _____”。E项“In the eye, the wind does not move so fast.”承接上文对台风中心（风眼）的介绍，准确描述了风眼的特点，与后句“The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye.”自然衔接。故填E。 64．第四段举例说明台风的危害性：“In November 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan killed more than 6,000 people in the Philippines _____”。B项“More people were hurt and some others were missing.”在死亡人数之后补充了受伤和失踪人员的情况，全面呈现海燕台风造成的损失。故填B。 65．第五段以“What should we do when a typhoon happens?”引出台风来临时的应对措施，下方列出了四条具体建议。A项“Stay inside.”既是第一条安全建议的核心内容，也概括了台风避险的首要原则，统领下文的四条措施。故填A。 66．problems 67．hard/harder/difficult 68．growth 69．high 70．solve 【导语】本文主要讲述了气候变化对我们生活的影响。 66．根据第一段“climate change is already affecting some of our favourite foods and drinks…”可知，后文讲气候变化给饮品、农作物、巧克力带来的各种问题，故填problems。 67．根据第二段“Warmer weather is making it easier for fungus to spread… some areas are becoming too hot for the plants to grow in.”可知，天气变暖、气温过高，咖啡树难以在部分地区生长。too hot说明生长变得困难，所以填 hard/difficult。 68．根据第二段“tea plants don’t grow well in hot and dry weather. It can change how tea tastes and how much we can get in.”可知，茶树在炎热干燥天气里长势不好；空格前有定冠词the，后面接名词，故填growth。 69．根据第四段“But these crops are in danger because the temperatures are becoming higher.”可知，原文higher是比较级，表格空格后是名词temperatures，用原级形容词high 修饰；“high temperatures”是固定搭配，意为“高温”。 70．根据最后一段“If we don’t stop climate change, we may not have enough food to eat in the future.”可知，原文 “不阻止气候变化” 同义转换为“不解决这个问题”。don’t后接动词原形，故填solve。 71．An 72．Unluckily 73．places 74．more 75．from 76．second 77．them 78．When 79．to leave 80．is 【导语】本文先以缅甸地震为例引入自然灾害话题，介绍地震的特点，重点讲解地震发生时自我保护的实用避险方法，点明自然灾害难以预测，自救至关重要。 【详解】71．句意：2025年3月28日缅甸发生了一场地震。此处表示“一场”，空格后“earthquake”以元音音素开头，需填不定冠词“An”，注意首字母大写。 72．句意：不幸的是，许多人在其中受伤或死亡。括号内提示词“unlucky”为形容词，意为“不幸的”，此处修饰整个句子，表示“不幸的是”，需用副词形式“Unluckily”，注意首字母大写。 73．句意：地震随时随地都可能发生。括号内提示词“place”意为“地方”，“all”后接可数名词复数，需用复数形式“places”。 74．句意：建筑物越高，它们就越危险。此处考查固定结构：“the + 比较级 + 主谓，the + 比较级 + 主谓”，表示“越……，就越……”，much的比较级为“more”。 75．句意：在地震期间，你最好采取以下措施来让自己远离危险。“keep away from”为固定短语，表示“远离”，符合语境，需填介词“from”。 76．句意：当发生地震时，如果你正待在二楼，不要试图跑出大楼——即使你只需要很短的时间就能跑出去。括号内提示词“two”意为“二”，此处表示“第二层”，需用序数词“second”。 77．句意：用手遮住眼睛和头部来保护它们。此处作动词“protect”的宾语，指代前文的“eyes and head”，需用they的宾格形式“them”。 78．句意：当火灾警报响时，你将不得不尽快离开大楼。此处表示“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，需填连词“When”，注意首字母大写。 79．句意：走最近的楼梯离开大楼。该处需动词不定式作目的状语。走楼梯的目的是撤离建筑，不定式表目的，故填“to leave”。 80．句意：保护你自己是你能做的全部。括号内提示词“be”意为“是”，主语“Protecting yourself”为动名词短语，视为单数概念，陈述一般事实，需用“is”。 81． An Unforgettable Natural Disaster Experience Last year, a powerful earthquake suddenly struck our small town without warning. I was reading books quietly in my room when the ground started shaking violently. Books fell off shelves and furniture shook heavily. I could even hear people screaming nervously outside. Immediately, I remembered the safety rules: drop, cover, and hold on. I hid under a strong table and carefully protected my head. After the shaking stopped, I helped my neighbors check for injuries and shared water supplies with them. This experience taught me that staying calm and acting quickly are crucial in emergencies. Now, I always keep an emergency bag ready and practice safety drills regularly. Natural disasters are unpredictable, but being well‑prepared can make a big difference to our safety. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，用一般过去时为主 明确要点：灾害发生情景、应对方式及灾后感悟 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不出现真实校名、人名 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：交代事件背景，地震突发时自己正在做什么，描写灾害发生的场景 主体段：写自己的避险做法，以及震后帮助他人的行动 结尾段：讲述经历带来的感悟，说明提前防灾的重要性 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：灾害发生情景 灾害发生情景：was reading books/books fell off shelves/furniture shook heavily/hear people screaming nervously outside/focus on my reading/things shook hard in the room等 要点二：应对方式 保护自己：remembered the safety rules/hid under a strong table/follow safety lessons等 帮助他人：helped my neighbors check for injuries//shared water supplies with them/gave water to people in need等 要点三：感悟 感悟：staying calm and acting quickly/keep an emergency bag ready/practice safety drills regularly/keep calm and act fast 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $