衔接点01 名词（讲义，上海专用）英语小升初衔接

衔接点01 名词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 名词的基本分类 2. 名词的数 3. 名词所有格的构成 4. 仅知道名词可作主语、宾语，不接触其他句子成分； 5. 无词义辨析、一词多义复数知识点； 6. 题型单一：单选、单词变形填空，依靠标志词做题。 1. 名词的四大分类 2. 复数的全部考点：规则变化、不规则变化、单复同形、仅有复数名词、复数改变词义特殊名词 3. 两套所有格的区分：'s 所有格（单数 / 复数 / 共有 / 各自所有表格）+ of 无生命所有格 4. 量词修饰不可数名词结构，掌握量词单复数变形规则 5. 掌握名词六大句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、同位语（了解） 6. 掌握集体名词主谓一致：表整体谓语单数，表成员谓语复数 7. 完形高频：同义名词词义辨析 8. 综合题型：词形填空、句型转换、完形、书面表达 衔接引导 小学阶段： 知识点碎片化，仅浅层记忆基础变形规则，无完整名词语法体系。出题全部带有明显提示词（many/a/some），只考察单复数、简单所属关系填空，不涉及语境词义区分、句子成分、一词多义，学生依靠机械背诵即可得分，几乎无陷阱题型。 初中阶段： 名词是初中语法核心地基，知识点系统化、考察维度全面，难度大幅提升： 分类拓展：新增集体名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复合名词细分概念； 复数难点叠加：单复同形、仅复数名词、复数改变词义三类特殊变形为分班考高频易错点； 所有格体系完善：区分有生命's、无生命 of，细化多人共有 / 各自拥有两种场景； 句法结合：名词六大句子成分、集体名词主谓一致，与时态、句型转换结合出题； 词义辨析拉分：完形填空区分近义名词，不再只考单词变形； 题型综合化：选词填空、完形、汉译英、写作同时考察名词变形 + 词义选择，综合性极强。 小学考点梳理 名词用来表示人、事物、地点的名称。 名词基本分类 名词用来表示人、事物、地点的名称，小学阶段讲解偏向分为两大类： ①可数名词：能够直接逐个计数，存在单数、复数两种形式 例：student 学生、apple 苹果、desk 书桌、boy 男孩 ②不可数名词：无法直接逐个计数，无复数形式，表达数量必须搭配量词 例：rice 米饭、water 水、bread 面包、milk 牛奶、snow 雪 可数名词复数规则变化 ①一般名词：词尾直接加 - s pen→pens；book→books；girl→girls ②以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾：词尾加 - es bus→buses；box→boxes；watch→watches； brush→brushes ③辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 - es city→cities；baby→babies；family→families ④以 f/fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v，再加 - es knife→knives；leaf→leaves；wife→wives ⑤以 o 结尾区分有无生命：有生命加 - es，无生命加 - s tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes； photo→photos；radio→radios 补充（以f/fe结尾的名词口诀）： 可数名词复数不规则变化 常考：man-men；woman-women；child-children；foot-feet；tooth-teeth 基础名词's 所有格（仅表有生命事物“…… 的”） ①单数名词：直接词尾加's Tom's bag 汤姆的书包；father's car 爸爸的汽车 ②以 s 结尾的复数名词：仅词尾加' the students' classroom 学生们的教室；girls' toys 女孩们的玩具 of所有格（表无生命事物“…… 的”） 基础结构：the + 名词 + of + 名词 the window of the classroom 教室的窗户、the door of the house 房子的门 典例示范 1．Some ________ are playing football. A．man B．woman C．Children 2．There are four _________ in a year (年). A．season B．seasons C．seasones 3．I like eating _______. A．apple B．seafood C．banana 4．Look! What beautiful _________! A．leaf B．leaves C．flower 5．______ brother is very friendly. A．Peter B．Peter’ C．Peter’ s 即学即练习 1．Were there any ___________(computer) in the old school? 2．There are some ___________(story) in this book. 3．These ___________(child) are playing basketball. 4．There are many ___________(holiday) in a year. 易混易错 1．These ________ toys are nice. A．child B．children’s C．children 2．The shoes are too small. Try ________ on, please. A．this one B．this pair C．this pairs 解题方略 看到 many、some、few、several，名词使用复数；看到 a/an，名词使用单数； 中文翻译出现 “…… 的”，优先判断名词所有格； water、bread、rice、milk 直接判定不可数，永远不加 s。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．—What’s in the fridge? —There is some ________ in it. A．ham B．tomatoes C．soft drinks 2．Jane eats a lot of ________ and ________ every day. A．fruit, milk B．fruits, vegetable C．fruit, meat 3．—_______ ball is this? —It’s _______. A．Whose; Peter and Jack’s B．What; Peter and Jack C．Whose; Peter’s and Jack’s 4．Let’s move some _______. A．furniture B．furnitures C．a furniture 5．—What’s your favourite food? —_______ are my favourite food. A．Beef B．Pork C．Beans 6．—How many _______ milk do you want? —One. A．glasses of B．glass of C．glasses for 7．In PE class, we have lots of _______. A．fun B．funs C．funny 8．This is _______ timetable. A．Tom’s and Jack B．Tom and Jack’s C．Tom’s and Jack’s 9．—How many _______ can you see? —I can see four. A．libraries B．library C．four libraries 10．—Listen, what’s that _______? —It’s the cat. “Miao…. Miao…. ” A．noisy B．noise C．noisier 11．—What's that _____? —It's too _____. A．noise; noise B．noisy; noise C．noise; noisy 12．Put the chair in _____ bedroom. A．Mum and Dad's B．Mum's and Dad's C．Mum and Dad 13．This small bedroom is _______. It’s very clean. A．Kitty and Alice’s B．Kitty and Alice C．Kitty’s and Alice’s 14．There are six ________. They can put out the fire. A．fireman B．firemen C．firemans 二、完形填空 Mary's family is 15 at home. Her father, Mr. Smith, is sitting 16 a chair near the window and 17 a newspaper. Mary is in her room. She is listening to the radio. Peter and John, Mary's 18 , are not playing. They are 19 their new bikes. Where is Mrs. Smith? She is in the garden. She is 20 the flowers. Kate, Mary's sister, is helping her mother. 15．A．both B．all C．each 16．A．in B．near C．at 17．A．reading B．seeing C．looking 18．A．brothers B．father C．friends 19．A．buying B．fixing C．cleaning 20．A．coloring B．eating C．watering Almost everyone 21 music. There are so many kinds of music to 22 and you are sure to find something very interesting. People can get different feelings from hearing music. Music can 23 you happy or sad. That's why music is loved by all. Every country has its own kind of music. Many people like the music of their country, but with the 24 of television and radio, people can learn about different kinds of music all over the world. People can enjoy foreign music.There are great differences between the music of the east and that of 25 . But people from the east can understand the music of the west and people from the west can understand the music of the east. Because music is a language for everyone. 21．A．hates B．enjoys C．plays 22．A．feel B．hear C．listen to 23．A．make B．play C．keep 24．A．watch B．report C．help 25．A．China B．the west C．the north 【培优提升】 一、完形填空 Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes 1 the same way. One morning while he was 2 his newspaper on the train, a man 3 him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said, “ 4 ” to him and then 5 to talk to him. The man said, “Your 6 isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time 7 morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.” When Mr Smith 8 this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and 9 to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?” “Because I’m 10 sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered. 1．A．family B．house C．village D．home 2．A．seeing B．look C．reading D．finding 3．A．before B．behind C．beside D．next to 4．A．Sorry B．Thanks C．Hello D．Goodbye 5．A．refused B．stopped C．ordered D．began 6．A．life B．work C．office D．child 7．A．one B．every C．this D．yesterday 8．A．heard B．listened C．found D．felt 9．A．asked B．said C．told D．talked 10．A．never B．hardly C．always D．sometimes The Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year’s Day. It usually comes   11 January or February. Everyone in China 12 the Spring Festival very much. When the Spring Festival   13 , Li Hong usually   14 his parents clean their house and 15 some shopping and other housework. On that   16 everyone in China eats dumplings, New Year’s cakes, and other good 17 . Li Hong likes New Year’s cakes. But Wang Hai says dumplings are   18 than New Year’s cakes. The Chinese people   19 the New Year’s cakes and dumplings in their houses. How 20 they are! 11．A．after B．on C．in D．by 12．A．has B．like C．remembers D．likes 13．A．goes B．comes C．reaches D．hears 14．A．helps B．makes C．gets D．takes 15．A．buys B．does C．goes D．carries 16．A．morning B．evening C．day D．afternoon 17．A．food B．drinks C．vegetable D．fruit 18．A．smaller B．better C．bigger D．sweeter 19．A．find out B．buy C．eat D．sell 20．A．happy B．delicious C．lovely D．great 三、从方框内选择合适的单词填空 have    be     potato    enjoy   noise    she 21．It’s _____________ outside. I can’t do my homework. 22．I don’t like _____________ at all. I like carrots. 23．My father _____________ in Beijing last week, but now he _____________ lunch at home. 24．Ben _____________ the loud music yesterday. 25．Whose knives are these? They’re _____________. 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 26．I walk to _____________(Alice) home. 27．There’s _____________(a) underground station over there. 28．How _____________(do) your mother go to the cinema? 29．Let’s _____________(take) the bus to the bookstore, Alice. 30．There are two _____________(bus) on the street. 初中考点梳理 名词：表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念或情感等词类，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 考点一 名词完整四大分类 1. 普通名词 指代同一类人、事物的统称 例：nurse 护士、teacher 老师、computer 电脑、book 书本 2. 集体名词 表示一群人、一类事物的集合整体，主谓一致有两种用法 单词：family 家庭、class 班级、team 队伍、group 小组 ① 强调整体概念，谓语动词用单数 My family is a big one. 我的家庭是一个大家庭。 ② 强调集体内部的成员个体，谓语动词用复数 My family all like watching movies. 我的家人都喜欢看电影。 3. 物质名词（不可数名词） 表示材料、食物、自然物质，无复数 rice 大米、cotton 棉花、snow 雪、steel 钢铁、corn 玉米 4. 抽象名词（不可数名词） 表示情绪、品质、抽象概念，无复数 courage 勇气、satisfaction 满意、happiness 幸福、success 成功、love 热爱 补充 1：专有名词（首字母必须大写） 指代独一无二的人、地点、节日、机构、星期、国家 星期、节日：Monday 星期一、National Day 国庆节 机构缩写：UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 人名、地名、影视书名：Tom、Shanghai、Zootopia 2 补充 2：复合名词 由两个基础名词组合而成的新词 newspaper 报纸、classroom 教室、blackboard 黑板 考点二 进阶特殊复数变形 1. 单复数同形名词 ①sheep 绵羊 one sheep 一只羊 /two sheep 两只羊 ②deer 鹿 a deer 一头鹿 /many deer 许多鹿 ③fish（表鱼的条数时单复同形） one fish 一条鱼 /three fish 三条鱼 补充：fish 表鱼的种类时，复数 fishes two fishes 两种鱼 2. 只有复数形式、无单数的名词 trousers 裤子、shorts 短裤、jeans 牛仔裤、glasses 眼镜、socks 短袜、shoes 鞋子、slippers 拖鞋、gloves 手套 补充： ①scissors 剪刀、chopsticks 筷子、goods 商品，货物、thanks 感谢 ②clothes 衣服（泛指全部衣物，无单数 cloth；cloth 表 “布料” 才可数） ③people 人们（本身复数，无 a people；peoples 表示多个民族） 3. 复数形式改变单词含义 基础类： ①wood 单数 wood：木头、木材（不可数） 复数 woods：小树林 例：The table is made of wood.（桌子由木头制成） We walked through the woods.（我们穿过小树林） ②glass 单数 glass：玻璃；玻璃杯 复数 glasses：眼镜 例：The window is made of glass.（窗户是玻璃做的） She wears black glasses.（她戴着黑框眼镜） ③work 单数 work：工作（不可数） 复数 works：著作、文艺作品；工厂 例：I have much work to do.（我有很多工作要做） Shakespeare’s works are famous.（莎士比亚的作品很有名） 拓展类： ①paper 单数 paper：纸张（不可数）；论文（可数） 复数 papers：试卷、文件、证件 例：Please give me a piece of paper.（给我一张纸） Hand in your papers after class.（课后上交试卷） ②arm 单数 arm：手臂 复数 arms：武器 例：He hurt his left arm.（他伤到左胳膊） The soldiers carried arms.（士兵携带武器） ③good 单数 good：好处、善行（不可数） 复数 goods：商品、货物 例：Exercise does good to you.（运动对你有益） The shop sells different goods.（这家店售卖各类商品） ④time 单数 time：时间（不可数）；次数（可数） 复数 times：时代；倍数 例：I have no time to play.（我没时间玩） In old times, people lived simply.（在古代，人们生活简朴） ⑤water 单数 water：水（不可数） 复数 waters：水域、江河湖海 例：Drink more water every day.（每天多喝水） The waters of the lake are clear.（这片湖水很清澈） 4. 可数名词不规则变化 ①变元音字母 a→e（男人女人脚牙齿） man — men 男人、woman — women 女人、foot — feet 脚、tooth — teeth 牙齿 ②动物类 goose — geese 鹅、mouse — mice 老鼠 ③词尾加 -en /-ren child — children 孩子、ox — oxen 公牛 考点三 名词所有格体系 （1）'s 所有格（用于人、有生命事物） 名词类型 变形规则 例句 以 s 结尾的复数名词 词尾直接加' the teachers' office 教师办公室；my parents' car 我父母的车 不以 s 结尾的复数名词 词尾加's the children's toys 孩子们的玩具；men's room 男洗手间 两人共同拥有一样物品 仅最后一个名词加's Lily and Lucy's room 莉莉和露西共用一间房间 两人各自拥有物品 两个名词全部加's Lily's and Lucy's rooms 莉莉、露西各自的房间 （2）其他特殊类 ①时间、距离、价格等无生命名词，可用s所有格 常规无生命用 of，但时间 / 距离 / 金钱可直接加s，属于固定特殊用法 1. 时间：today’s newspaper 今天的报纸；two weeks’ holiday 两周的假期 2. 距离：ten minutes’ walk 十分钟的步行路程 3. 价格：ten yuan’s worth of apples 十元钱的苹果 补充：复数时间词，词尾只加 （weeks’/minutes’） ②复合名词的所有格，加在末尾单词 复合名词：mother-in-law（岳母）、passer-by（路人） 所有格加在最后一词： my mother-in-law’s bag 我岳母的包 the passers-by’s voices 路人的声音 ③不定代词 someone/anyone/else 的所有格 固定搭配：someone else’s 别人的 例句：This isn’t my pen, it’s someone else’s. 这支笔不是我的，是别人的。 ④省略后面重复名词的所有格（地点 / 店铺 / 家人） 1. 店铺、诊所、人家：所有格后省略 shop/home/clinic at the doctor’s (clinic) 在诊所 at my grandma’s (house) 在奶奶家 at the baker’s (shop) 在面包店 2. 前文已提物品，后文所有格省略名词 —Whose book is this? —It’s Mike’s.（省略 book） ⑤双重所有格（初中难点易错点） 结构：of + 名词性物主代词 / 人名s，表示 “众多中的一个” 公式：a/an/this/that + 名词 + of + sb’s 例句： a friend of my father’s 我爸爸众多朋友中的一位 a photo of mine 我的一张照片（不止一张） 区分： a photo of me 一张我的照片（照片里是我本人） a photo of mine 属于我的一张照片（照片不一定拍我） 考点四 量词修饰不可数名词 不可数名词无法直接变复数，依靠量词表达数量；仅量词随数字变复数，后面物质名词永远不变形 a cup of tea 一杯茶 → two cups of tea 两杯茶 a piece of bread 一片面包 → three pieces of bread 三片面包 a piece of news 一条新闻 → five pieces of news 五条新闻 考点五 名词在句子中六大成分 句子成分 功能说明 例句 主语 放在句首，动作发出者 Newspapers are useful. 报纸很有用。 宾语 放在动词 / 介词后，动作承受对象 I read newspapers every day. 我每天读报纸。 表语 放在 be 动词后，说明主语身份 She is a nurse. 她是一名护士。 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语身份 We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司经理。 定语 放在另一个名词前，修饰限定 I am an English teacher. 我是一名英语老师。 同位语 （了解） 紧跟名词后，补充解释前面名词 My friend Tom likes drawing. 我的朋友汤姆喜欢画画。 考点六 易混同义名词词义辨析 Group 1 message / note message：口头、短信、线上留言，侧重传递信息，常搭配 take a message（捎口信） 例：Can I take a message for you? 我能给你捎个口信吗？ note：手写纸质便条、简短字条，篇幅短 例：I left a note on your desk. 我在你桌上留了一张便条。 Group 2 talk / speech talk：非正式交谈、闲聊，多人随意对话 例：We had a long talk about our hobbies. 我们聊了很久爱好。 speech：正式演讲、发言，有准备的公开讲话 例：She gave a speech at the school meeting. 她在校会上发表演讲。 Group 3 power / energy power：电力、权力、机器动力；侧重外在力量、能源供给 例：The power went out last night. 昨晚停电了。 energy：人的精力、体能，内在活力 例：Kids have so much energy every day. 小孩子每天精力充沛。 Group 4 trip / travel trip：短途单次出行，可数名词，搭配 a school trip 例：Our class will take a trip to the park. 我们班要去公园短途出游。 travel：长途旅行、游历，泛指出行，多作不可数名词 例：I love travel around different cities. 我喜欢去不同城市游历。 Group 5 problem / question question：有标准答案的提问，对应动词 answer 例：Please answer my question. 请回答我的问题。 problem：需要解决的难题、麻烦事，对应动词 solve 例：We need to solve this math problem. 我们要解开这道数学难题。 Group 6 advice / suggestion advice：不可数名词，泛指忠告、建议（通用） 例：My teacher gave me good advice. 老师给了我很好的建议。 suggestion：可数名词，具体、细化的一条提议 例：Can you give me a useful suggestion? 你能给我一条实用提议吗？ Group 7 story / tale story：日常小故事、真实 / 虚构叙事，课内高频 例：My mom tells me a story every night. 妈妈每晚给我讲故事。 tale：童话、奇幻传说，多指民间神话类故事 例：It’s an old fairy tale about a rabbit. 这是一个关于兔子的古老童话。 Group 8 room / space room：侧重可占用的空位、余地（不可数）；独立房间（可数） 例：There’s no room for your bag here. 这里放不下你的包。 space：大范围空间、空地，也指太空 例：We need more space to play games. 我们需要更大的空地玩游戏。 典例示范 1．Could you give me ________, Mary? A．two bag of ice B．two bags of ices C．two bag of ices D．two bags of ice 2．He has a new _________. He _________ at a store. A．job; job B．work; work C．work; jobs D．job; works 3．—Excuse me! Here’s a nice watch. Is it ________? —No, it isn’t. It’s ________. A．your; Emma B．your; Emma’s C．yours; Emma D．yours; Emma’s 4．Today many students can find lots of useful ________ on the Internet. A．informations B．information C．thing D．piece of news 5．You are good-looking when you wear a pair of ________. (glass) 6．________ use nets to catch fish in the sea. (fish) 7．Tina takes part in many school ________ (activity). 即学即练习 1．There are two ________ chopsticks on the table. A．pairs of B．pair of C．pair D．pairs 2．I’ve got ________ to finish doing my homework on time. A．time enough B．enough time C．times enough D．enough times 3．In ten ________ time, Shanghai will be more beautiful. A．year B．years C．year’s D．years’ 4．As good ________, Tony and Peter don’t tell lies to each other. (friend) 5．Look! The _________ (model) are showing beautiful clothes of different styles at the show. 6．Dad cut the lemon into ________ (half) with a knife. 7．Jane’s father likes to take ________ for the family. (photo) 8．My uncle and aunt work in different ________(factory). 易混易错 1．In the past, all of the bus drivers were ________ . A．man drivers B．men drivers C．men driver D．mans drivers 2．Shanghai will be more beautiful ________. A．in 10 year’s time B．in 10 year time C．in 10 years’ times D．in 10 years’ time 3．Don’t give me so ________. A．many advice B．much advices C．many advices D．much advice 4．You can find two ________ in our school hall. (piano) 5．My mother has a few beautiful ________. (scarf) 解题方略 量词结构口诀：量词变，名词不变； 所有格判断口诀：共有最后加，各自全部加；无生命事物用 of； 看到 family/class/team，先判断强调整体还是成员，再匹配动词单复数； 完形遇到名词，先区分词义，再判断上下句； 句子成分题：be 动词后名词为表语，动词后名词为宾语，名词修饰名词作定语。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．Austin, a friend of ________, volunteered to help deaf people in China. A．I B．mine C．my D．me 2．This is ______________ room. A．Mary and Jack B．Mary’s and Jack’s C．Mary’s and Jack D．Mary and Jack’s 3．I will buy two ________. A．box B．boxs C．boxes D．boxses 4．There are quite a lot of ________ on the beach. A．child B．people C．sandcastle D．pollution 5．We can ask the teachers for _________. A．an advice B．some advice C．much advices D．many advices 6．—________ your ________ play sports every day? —Yes, soccer is their favorite. A．Are, classmates B．Do, classmates C．Is, classmate D．Does, classmates 7．We should do _________ to keep us healthy. A．many exercises B．much exercise C．many exercise D．much exercises 8．You must wear white shirts with ________ sleeves, blue ________ and white socks. A．short; short B．short; shorts C．shorts; short D．shorts; shorts 9．Jim is 170 _________ tall and he weighs 60 ________. A．centimetre; kilogram B．centimetres; kilogram C．centimetres; kilograms D．centimetre; kilograms 10．I want to go to other _______ to spend my holiday. A．place B．a place C．places D．a places 二、完形填空 Pearl and June were good friends and spent most of their time together. They were very old and worried about their 11 . Most of the time they talked about nothing else. They worried about their food. Was it clean? Would it give them pains(疼痛) in the stomach? They worried about the 12 . Was it too cold and wet? Would it give them pains in their bones? They worried about pollution in the air. Would it give them pains in their chests and throat? They worried about being hurt in a car accident, getting sick, and so on. 13 that they could think about was being ill or hurt. One day they went on a train trip together. “We’ll need some food,” Pearl said. “We’ll buy some bananas,” June said. “They are good to eat and always clean.” So they bought two bananas to eat on the train. It was not long before they were 14 . Pearl took out the bananas and gave one to June. Then she peeled the skin of her banana and took a large bite of it. At that moment the train went into a tunnel. Everything went black. “Don’t eat your banana,” Pearl 15 June. “Mine has made me go blind!” 11．A．money B．health C．food D．fruit 12．A．place B．wind C．weather D．future 13．A．Any B．All C．Nothing D．Something 14．A．hungry B．safe C．sick D．thirsty 15．A．smiled at B．shouted at C．waited for D．woke up 三、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tony is in a clothes store. He is 16 small boy and he is eight years old. “Can I help you ?” the woman 17 (ask). “Yes, please. I want a sweater.” Tony says. The woman takes some nice sweaters in all 18 (color). “Do you like 19 (they)?” she asks. “Yes, I like this red one.” Tony says, “ 20 it’s not big.” “ 21 (real)?” the woman says, “I think it’s big for you.” “Not for me,” Tony says, “This Sunday is my 22 (mother) birthday. It’s for her.” “You 23 (be) a great boy,” the woman says. “Let 24 (I) get a big red sweater for you. Then Tony gets a red sweater.” “It’s for my mother,” he thinks. “She must like it.” “How much is it?” he asks. “30 dollars.” the woman says. Tony looks at his money (钱) and says, “I don’t have so much for it. What can I do?” “OK. You are a 25 (well) boy, so it’s only twenty dollars.” The woman says. 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．That is ________ bedroom. It’s small but tidy. A．Ben’s and Andy B．Ben’s and Andy’s C．Ben and Andy’s D．Ben and Andy 2．Linda has healthy eating habits. She always has ________ and ________ for lunch. A．fishes; noodles B．mutton; ice-cream C．chicken; beef D．salad; dumpling 3．—Sir, may I take your order? —OK. I’d like one bowl of ________. A．eggs noodles B．noodles with egg C．egg noodle D．egg noodles 4．Joe’s mother bought a ________ for Joe as his birthday present yesterday. A．pair of shoe B．pairs of shoes C．pair of shoes D．pair of two shoes 5．Peter and Joe tried to use the computer to find ________ about forests. A．a information B．an information C．some information D．some informations 6．In such hot weather, ________ can refresh you. A．a bit water B．a bit of water C．a lot water D．lots of waters 7．There are two ________ and many ________ on Mr. Li’s desk. A．paper; newspaper B．piece of paper; newspapers C．pieces of paper; newspaper D．pieces of paper; newspapers 8．June 1st is ________ Day and September 10th is ________ Day. A．Children;Teacher B．Childrens’;Teachers C．Childrens’;Teacher’s D．Children’s;Teachers’ 9．We haven’t got much _________ for our picnic. Will you go and get some? A．apple B．tomato C．bread D．biscuit 10．They felt very tired after two _______long walk. A．hour B．hours C．hour’s D．hours’ 二、完形填空 New rules for middle school students came out in March. Schools will use these new rules to show if you are a good student or not. Students must 11 these new rules. Be honest (讲诚信). Have you ever cheated (作弊) in an exam? If you have, don’t do it again! That’s something dishonest, which good students 12 do. Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the Moon or Mars? Maybe we should 13 another Earth to move onto if our Earth were in danger in the future.    Be kind and helpful. Be always 14 to your classmates, teachers and parents. Give them a helping hand if someone is in trouble.     Take part in school activities. April is “Bird-loving Month” in China. If your school has some 15 about birds on the day, you should join! You can learn more about animals and how to look 16 them. 11．A．break B．make C．study D．follow 12．A．must B．mustn’t C．need to D．needn’t 13．A．see B．find C．get D．save 14．A．friend B．unfriendly C．friendly D．unkind 15．A．activities B．rules C．markets D．food 16．A．for B．at C．up D．after 三、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s a nice afternoon. Peppa and some of her 16 (friend) are in Grandpa Pig’s garden (花园). Grandpa Pig asks them a question, “Do you want 17 (play) a game? Four eggs 18 (be) in my garden. Can you find them?” “Yes, Grandpa Pig!” they say. Peppa gets 19 egg in a plant pot (花盆). Rebecca finds one under a plant and Freddy sees one, too. What about Richard? 20 (do) he find the last one? No! Richard asks his friends 21 help. They look for (找) the last egg everywhere, 22 they can’t find it. Grandpa Pig comes to them and puts (放) 23 (he) hat on Richard’s head. Then he takes it away (拿走). An egg is on Richard’s head! Now Richard has an egg, too. “What can we do now?” Peppa and her friends 24 (ask). “Eggs are 25 (health). You can eat them.” Then they eat their eggs. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $衔接点01 名词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 名词的基本分类 2. 名词的数 3. 名词所有格的构成 4. 仅知道名词可作主语、宾语，不接触其他句子成分； 5. 无词义辨析、一词多义复数知识点； 6. 题型单一：单选、单词变形填空，依靠标志词做题。 1. 名词的四大分类 2. 复数的全部考点：规则变化、不规则变化、单复同形、仅有复数名词、复数改变词义特殊名词 3. 两套所有格的区分：'s 所有格（单数 / 复数 / 共有 / 各自所有表格）+ of 无生命所有格 4. 量词修饰不可数名词结构，掌握量词单复数变形规则 5. 掌握名词六大句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、同位语（了解） 6. 掌握集体名词主谓一致：表整体谓语单数，表成员谓语复数 7. 完形高频：同义名词词义辨析 8. 综合题型：词形填空、句型转换、完形、书面表达 衔接引导 小学阶段： 知识点碎片化，仅浅层记忆基础变形规则，无完整名词语法体系。出题全部带有明显提示词（many/a/some），只考察单复数、简单所属关系填空，不涉及语境词义区分、句子成分、一词多义，学生依靠机械背诵即可得分，几乎无陷阱题型。 初中阶段： 名词是初中语法核心地基，知识点系统化、考察维度全面，难度大幅提升： 分类拓展：新增集体名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复合名词细分概念； 复数难点叠加：单复同形、仅复数名词、复数改变词义三类特殊变形为分班考高频易错点； 所有格体系完善：区分有生命's、无生命 of，细化多人共有 / 各自拥有两种场景； 句法结合：名词六大句子成分、集体名词主谓一致，与时态、句型转换结合出题； 词义辨析拉分：完形填空区分近义名词，不再只考单词变形； 题型综合化：选词填空、完形、汉译英、写作同时考察名词变形 + 词义选择，综合性极强。 小学考点梳理 名词用来表示人、事物、地点的名称。 名词基本分类 名词用来表示人、事物、地点的名称，小学阶段讲解偏向分为两大类： ①可数名词：能够直接逐个计数，存在单数、复数两种形式 例：student 学生、apple 苹果、desk 书桌、boy 男孩 ②不可数名词：无法直接逐个计数，无复数形式，表达数量必须搭配量词 例：rice 米饭、water 水、bread 面包、milk 牛奶、snow 雪 可数名词复数规则变化 ①一般名词：词尾直接加 - s pen→pens；book→books；girl→girls ②以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾：词尾加 - es bus→buses；box→boxes；watch→watches； brush→brushes ③辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 - es city→cities；baby→babies；family→families ④以 f/fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v，再加 - es knife→knives；leaf→leaves；wife→wives ⑤以 o 结尾区分有无生命：有生命加 - es，无生命加 - s tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes； photo→photos；radio→radios 补充（以f/fe结尾的名词口诀）： 可数名词复数不规则变化 常考：man-men；woman-women；child-children；foot-feet；tooth-teeth 基础名词's 所有格（仅表有生命事物“…… 的”） ①单数名词：直接词尾加's Tom's bag 汤姆的书包；father's car 爸爸的汽车 ②以 s 结尾的复数名词：仅词尾加' the students' classroom 学生们的教室；girls' toys 女孩们的玩具 of所有格（表无生命事物“…… 的”） 基础结构：the + 名词 + of + 名词 the window of the classroom 教室的窗户、the door of the house 房子的门 典例示范 1．Some ________ are playing football. A．man B．woman C．Children 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一些______正在踢足球。some后接可数名词时需使用复数形式，句中be动词are也提示主语为复数，只有children是复数形式，符合要求。 2．There are four _________ in a year (年). A．season B．seasons C．seasones 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一年有四个______。season季节，名词单数，seasons是名词复数，没有seasones的形式。four四，后接名词复数。 3．I like eating _______. A．apple B．seafood C．banana 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢吃______。seafood是不可数名词，apple和banana都是可数名词单数，like eating后加可数名词的复数或不可数名词。 4．Look! What beautiful _________! A．leaf B．leaves C．flower 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看！多漂亮的______啊!leaf叶子，可数名词单数;leaves树叶，可数名词复数；flower花，可数名词单数。表泛指，可数名词用复数。 5．______ brother is very friendly. A．Peter B．Peter’ C．Peter’ s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得的哥哥/弟弟很友好。此处需要表示“彼得的”这一所属关系，名词所有格Peter s表示“彼得的”，符合语法和句意。 即学即练习 1．Were there any ___________(computer) in the old school? 【答案】computers 【详解】句意：在旧学校里有___________吗?any后接可数名词复数形式。computer的复数是computers。 2．There are some ___________(story) in this book. 【答案】stories 【详解】句意：这本书里有些故事。some后接可数名词复数，story故事，其复数形式是stories。 3．These ___________(child) are playing basketball. 【答案】children 【详解】句意：这些孩子正在打篮球。These修饰可数名词复数，child的复数是children。 4．There are many ___________(holiday) in a year. 【答案】holidays 【详解】句意：一年中有许多假期。many后接可数名词复数，holiday的复数形式是holidays。 易混易错 1．These ________ toys are nice. A．child B．children’s C．children 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些______玩具是好的。child孩子，children’s孩子们的，children孩子们，根据句意可知是孩子们的玩具，空格处填名词所有格孩子们的children' s. 2．The shoes are too small. Try ________ on, please. A．this one B．this pair C．this pairs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这双鞋子太小了。请试穿。鞋子本身成双成对，不能用单数one指代，需要用量词pair表示一双，this后的名词用单数，pair是单数。 解题方略 看到 many、some、few、several，名词使用复数；看到 a/an，名词使用单数； 中文翻译出现 “…… 的”，优先判断名词所有格； water、bread、rice、milk 直接判定不可数，永远不加 s。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．—What’s in the fridge? —There is some ________ in it. A．ham B．tomatoes C．soft drinks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—冰箱里有什么？—里面有一些______。由There is可知名词应该用可数名词单数或不可数名词，ham火腿，不可数名词。tomatoes西红柿，soft drinks软饮料，都是复数。 2．Jane eats a lot of ________ and ________ every day. A．fruit, milk B．fruits, vegetable C．fruit, meat 【答案】C 【详解】句意：简每天吃很多_____和______。a lot of许多，后面可以搭配可数名词复数或不可数名词。fruit水果，不可数。milk牛奶，不可数。vegetable蔬菜，可数。meat肉，不可数。milk通常和drink搭配而非eat，排除含milk选项，并结合a lot of的用法可知应该填写fruit和meat。 3．—_______ ball is this? —It’s _______. A．Whose; Peter and Jack’s B．What; Peter and Jack C．Whose; Peter’s and Jack’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—这是________球？—它是________。本题考查疑问代词及名词所有格，Whose谁的，What什么，根据答句中主语It，可知球是两个人共同拥有的，用Peter and Jack’s，疑问词用Whose，故选A。 4．Let’s move some _______. A．furniture B．furnitures C．a furniture 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们搬些家具吧。furniture家具，不可数名词，签名不能直接加不定冠词a，没有复数形式。故选A。 5．—What’s your favourite food? —_______ are my favourite food. A．Beef B．Pork C．Beans 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—你最喜欢什么食物？—_____是我最喜欢的食物。A牛肉，B猪肉，C豆荚，根据答语用的are可知主语用复数形式，故选C。 6．—How many _______ milk do you want? —One. A．glasses of B．glass of C．glasses for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—你想要多少杯牛奶？—一杯。How many后跟名词复数，glasses of （多少）杯，符合题意，故选A。 7．In PE class, we have lots of _______. A．fun B．funs C．funny 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在体育课上，我们有许多_______。A乐趣；B乐趣复数，乐趣是不可数名词，故B是错误表达；C有趣的，形容词。根据句意我们有许多乐趣。需要填名词。故选A。 8．This is _______ timetable. A．Tom’s and Jack B．Tom and Jack’s C．Tom’s and Jack’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是______课程表。本题考查名词所有格。选项A汤姆的和杰克是错误表达。选项B汤姆和杰克共同的。选项C汤姆的和杰克的。根据题意及题目中所给单词timetable是单数，可知应该是两人共同的课程表。故选B。 9．—How many _______ can you see? —I can see four. A．libraries B．library C．four libraries 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—你能看到多少图书馆？—我能看见四个。A图书馆，复数；B图书馆，单数；C四个图书馆；how many后跟可数名词复数，名词前不能加基数词，故选A。 10．—Listen, what’s that _______? —It’s the cat. “Miao…. Miao…. ” A．noisy B．noise C．noisier 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—听，那是什么噪音？—它是一只猫。“喵……喵……”A有噪音的，形容词；B噪音，名词；C更吵闹的，形容词比较级；该空用名词形式，故选B。 11．—What's that _____? —It's too _____. A．noise; noise B．noisy; noise C．noise; noisy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—那是什么____？—它太____了。noise噪声，名词，noisy喧闹的，形容词，句中的that修饰可数名词单数，第一空为noise，第二空考查形容词做表语，第二空为noisy，故选C。 12．Put the chair in _____ bedroom. A．Mum and Dad's B．Mum's and Dad's C．Mum and Dad 【答案】A 【详解】句意：把椅子放到妈妈和爸爸的卧室里。该空做bedroom的定语，故用所有格形式，bedroom是单数形式，故bedroom归爸爸和妈妈共同所有，在后面的人的后面加's即可，故选A。 【点睛】 13．This small bedroom is _______. It’s very clean. A．Kitty and Alice’s B．Kitty and Alice C．Kitty’s and Alice’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小卧室是______。它很干净。A选项基蒂和爱丽丝（共有的）的，B选项基蒂和爱丽丝，C选项基蒂和爱丽丝（各自的）的，根据句意排除A选项，主语This small bedroom是单数，故选A。 【点睛】 14．There are six ________. They can put out the fire. A．fireman B．firemen C．firemans 【答案】B 【详解】题干句意：有六名消防员。他们能把火扑灭。消防员fireman的复数形式为不规则变化firemen，选项B符合题意，故选B。 二、完形填空 Mary's family is 15 at home. Her father, Mr. Smith, is sitting 16 a chair near the window and 17 a newspaper. Mary is in her room. She is listening to the radio. Peter and John, Mary's 18 , are not playing. They are 19 their new bikes. Where is Mrs. Smith? She is in the garden. She is 20 the flowers. Kate, Mary's sister, is helping her mother. 15．A．both B．all C．each 16．A．in B．near C．at 17．A．reading B．seeing C．looking 18．A．brothers B．father C．friends 19．A．buying B．fixing C．cleaning 20．A．coloring B．eating C．watering 【答案】15．B 16．A 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．C 【详解】15．family 指全家多人，三者及以上全部用 all；both 仅两者都，each 每一个（后接单数动词）。 16．in a chair 坐在扶手椅里，固定介词搭配；on 用于硬板凳，at/near 不搭配 sit。 17．read a newspaper 看报纸，固定搭配；see 强调看见物体，look 后必须加 at 18．Peter 和 John 是男生，和 Mary 是一家人，所以是她的兄弟 brothers；father 父亲，friends 朋友，不符合语境。 19．buy 购买，fix 修理，clean 擦拭、清理；他们正在擦洗新自行车，逻辑通顺。 20．water the flowers 浇花，固定搭配；color 涂色，eat 吃，和花园花朵无关。 Almost everyone 21 music. There are so many kinds of music to 22 and you are sure to find something very interesting. People can get different feelings from hearing music. Music can 23 you happy or sad. That's why music is loved by all. Every country has its own kind of music. Many people like the music of their country, but with the 24 of television and radio, people can learn about different kinds of music all over the world. People can enjoy foreign music.There are great differences between the music of the east and that of 25 . But people from the east can understand the music of the west and people from the west can understand the music of the east. Because music is a language for everyone. 21．A．hates B．enjoys C．plays 22．A．feel B．hear C．listen to 23．A．make B．play C．keep 24．A．watch B．report C．help 25．A．China B．the west C．the north 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C 25．B 21．后文“That's why music is loved by all”说明人人喜爱音乐；hate 讨厌，enjoy 喜爱，play 演奏。主语 everyone 为单数，enjoys 三单形式符合语法。 22．listen to music 听音乐，强调主动听的动作；hear 侧重 “听见” 结果，feel 感觉，to 后必须搭配 listen to 才能接宾语 music。 23．固定结构 make sb.+ 形容词，意为“使某人……”；make you happy 使你开心。play 演奏，keep 保持，不符合句式。 24．固定搭配 with the help of 在…… 的帮助下；watch 观看，report 报道。句意：在电视和广播的帮助下，人们能了解世界各地音乐。 25．前后对应 the east（东方），对应 the west（西方）；China 中国，the north 北方，无对应逻辑。 【培优提升】 一、完形填空 Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes 1 the same way. One morning while he was 2 his newspaper on the train, a man 3 him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said, “ 4 ” to him and then 5 to talk to him. The man said, “Your 6 isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time 7 morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.” When Mr Smith 8 this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and 9 to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?” “Because I’m 10 sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered. 1．A．family B．house C．village D．home 2．A．seeing B．look C．reading D．finding 3．A．before B．behind C．beside D．next to 4．A．Sorry B．Thanks C．Hello D．Goodbye 5．A．refused B．stopped C．ordered D．began 6．A．life B．work C．office D．child 7．A．one B．every C．this D．yesterday 8．A．heard B．listened C．found D．felt 9．A．asked B．said C．told D．talked 10．A．never B．hardly C．always D．sometimes 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 【分析】短文大意：两个人在火车上的交谈。 【详解】1．句意：他每天早晨乘火车去上班并且用相同的方式回来。A. family家庭；B. house房子；C. village村庄；D. home家；come home回家，故选D。 2．句意：一天早晨当他正在火车上______报纸的时候，一个他______的人朝他走了过来。read a newspaper看报纸，故选C。 3．句意：一天早晨当他正在火车上看报纸的时候，一个他______的人朝他走了过来。A. before在……之前；B. behind在……后面；C. beside在……旁边；D. next to紧挨着；根据句意及最后一句“Because I’m  ___10___  sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered.可知B选项符合，故选B。 4．句意：那个人对他说，“______”然后____跟他交谈。A. Sorry对不起；B. Thanks谢谢 ；C. Hello你好；D. Goodbye再见；根据前面句意可知是初次见面，那么C选项符合，故选C。 5．句意：那个人对他说，“你好”然后____跟他交谈。A. refused拒绝；B. stopped停止；C. ordered命令；D. began开始；根据句意可知D选项符合，故选D。 6．句意：那个人说，“你的_____没有意思，是吗？” A. life生活；B. work工作；C. office办公室；D. child孩子；根据句意和下一句你_____早晨在相同的时间相同的火车站上相同的火车并且坐在相同的座位上看着相同的报纸。可知A选项符合，故选A。 7．句意：你_____早晨在相同的时间相同的火车站上相同的火车并且坐在相同的座位上看着相同的报纸。A. one一个；B. every每一；C. this这个；D. yesterday昨天；根据句意可知B选项符合，故选B。 8．句意：当史密斯先生_____这个时，他把他的报纸放下，转过脸并且很生气的对那个人______，“你怎么知道的我的事？” A. heard听到；B. listened听；C. found发现；D. felt感觉；根据句意可知A选项符合，故选A。 9．句意：当史密斯先生听这个时，他把他的报纸放下，转过脸并且很生气的对那个人______，“你怎么知道的我的事？” A. asked问；B. said说；C. told告诉；D. talked谈论；对……说say to...，可知B选项符合，故选B。 10．句意：“因为我_____坐在你后面相同的座位上。”那个人回答说。A. never从不； B. hardly几乎不；C. always总是；D. sometimes有时；根据句意可知C选项符合，故选C。 The Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year’s Day. It usually comes   11 January or February. Everyone in China 12 the Spring Festival very much. When the Spring Festival   13 , Li Hong usually   14 his parents clean their house and 15 some shopping and other housework. On that   16 everyone in China eats dumplings, New Year’s cakes, and other good 17 . Li Hong likes New Year’s cakes. But Wang Hai says dumplings are   18 than New Year’s cakes. The Chinese people   19 the New Year’s cakes and dumplings in their houses. How 20 they are! 11．A．after B．on C．in D．by 12．A．has B．like C．remembers D．likes 13．A．goes B．comes C．reaches D．hears 14．A．helps B．makes C．gets D．takes 15．A．buys B．does C．goes D．carries 16．A．morning B．evening C．day D．afternoon 17．A．food B．drinks C．vegetable D．fruit 18．A．smaller B．better C．bigger D．sweeter 19．A．find out B．buy C．eat D．sell 20．A．happy B．delicious C．lovely D．great 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A 【详解】11．月份前要用介词 in；on 用于具体某一天，by 表示 “截止到”，after 意为 “在…… 之后”，in January/February 在一月 / 二月。 12．主语 Everyone 是不定代词，视为单数，谓语动词用三单形式；like “喜欢”，has 拥有，remember 记住，句意：中国每个人都非常喜欢春节。 13．come 表示（节日）到来；go 去，reach 后面必须接地点名词，hear 听见，the Spring Festival comes 春节来临，固定搭配。 14．固定搭配 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事；make 使 / 制作，get 得到，take 带走，句意：李红通常帮父母打扫房子。 15．固定短语 do some shopping 购物，是固定搭配。 16．on that day 在那天，指代春节这一整天，morning/evening/afternoon 仅代表一天中某个时段，不符合语境。 17．dumplings、年糕都属于食物 food；drinks 饮品，vegetable 蔬菜，fruit 水果，范围太片面。 18．后文 than 提示用比较级，better 更好；smaller 更小，bigger 更大，sweeter 更甜，句意：王海说饺子比年糕更好吃。 19．find out 查明，buy 买，sell 售卖，eat 吃；人们在家吃年糕和饺子，符合春节习俗。 20．本句主语 they 指代 people，形容人开心用 happy；delicious 美味的（修饰食物），lovely 可爱的，great 极好的，How happy they are! 他们多开心啊！ 三、从方框内选择合适的单词填空 have    be     potato    enjoy   noise    she 21．It’s _____________ outside. I can’t do my homework. 22．I don’t like _____________ at all. I like carrots. 23．My father _____________ in Beijing last week, but now he _____________ lunch at home. 24．Ben _____________ the loud music yesterday. 25．Whose knives are these? They’re _____________. 【答案】21．noisy 22．potatoes 23． was； is having 24．enjoyed 25．hers 【详解】21．句意：外面很吵。我不能做我的作业。noisy吵闹的，符合句意，故答案为noisy。 22．句意：我一点也不喜欢土豆。我喜欢胡萝卜。potato土豆，该处用复数形式potatoes表泛指，故答案为potatoes。 23．句意：上周我爸爸在北京，但是他正在家吃午餐。根据last week可知时态为一般过去时，主语my father是第三人称单数，be动词用was；根据now可知时态为现在进行时，其结构为：主语+be+动词现在分词形式+其他。主语he是第三人称单数，be动词用is，have的现在分词形式为having，故答案为was，is having。 24．句意：昨天本享受大声的音乐。根据yesterday可知时态为一般过去时，enjoy用过去式enjoyed，故答案为enjoyed。 25．句意：这些是谁的刀？它们是她的。句子后没有名词，该处用名词所有格，she用hers，故答案为hers。 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 26．I walk to _____________(Alice) home. 27．There’s _____________(a) underground station over there. 28．How _____________(do) your mother go to the cinema? 29．Let’s _____________(take) the bus to the bookstore, Alice. 30．There are two _____________(bus) on the street. 【答案】26．Alice’s 27．an 28．does 29．take 30．buses 【分析】26．句意：我步行去爱丽丝的家。该空做home的定语，故用所有格形式，故答案为Alice’s。 27．句意：那边有一个地铁站。underground地铁，元音音素开头，故前面用不定冠词an，故答案为an。 28．句意：你的妈妈怎么去电影院？该句是含有实意动词的特殊疑问句，主语是三单，故需加助动词does，故答案为does。 29．句意：爱丽丝，让我们乘公共汽车去书店。let 后面加动词原形，故答案为take。 30．句意：大街上有两辆公共汽车。前面有two，故后面名词用复数形式，故答案为buses。 初中考点梳理 名词：表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念或情感等词类，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 考点一 名词完整四大分类 1. 普通名词 指代同一类人、事物的统称 例：nurse 护士、teacher 老师、computer 电脑、book 书本 2. 集体名词 表示一群人、一类事物的集合整体，主谓一致有两种用法 单词：family 家庭、class 班级、team 队伍、group 小组 ① 强调整体概念，谓语动词用单数 My family is a big one. 我的家庭是一个大家庭。 ② 强调集体内部的成员个体，谓语动词用复数 My family all like watching movies. 我的家人都喜欢看电影。 3. 物质名词（不可数名词） 表示材料、食物、自然物质，无复数 rice 大米、cotton 棉花、snow 雪、steel 钢铁、corn 玉米 4. 抽象名词（不可数名词） 表示情绪、品质、抽象概念，无复数 courage 勇气、satisfaction 满意、happiness 幸福、success 成功、love 热爱 补充 1：专有名词（首字母必须大写） 指代独一无二的人、地点、节日、机构、星期、国家 星期、节日：Monday 星期一、National Day 国庆节 机构缩写：UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 人名、地名、影视书名：Tom、Shanghai、Zootopia 2 补充 2：复合名词 由两个基础名词组合而成的新词 newspaper 报纸、classroom 教室、blackboard 黑板 考点二 进阶特殊复数变形 1. 单复数同形名词 ①sheep 绵羊 one sheep 一只羊 /two sheep 两只羊 ②deer 鹿 a deer 一头鹿 /many deer 许多鹿 ③fish（表鱼的条数时单复同形） one fish 一条鱼 /three fish 三条鱼 补充：fish 表鱼的种类时，复数 fishes two fishes 两种鱼 2. 只有复数形式、无单数的名词 trousers 裤子、shorts 短裤、jeans 牛仔裤、glasses 眼镜、socks 短袜、shoes 鞋子、slippers 拖鞋、gloves 手套 补充： ①scissors 剪刀、chopsticks 筷子、goods 商品，货物、thanks 感谢 ②clothes 衣服（泛指全部衣物，无单数 cloth；cloth 表 “布料” 才可数） ③people 人们（本身复数，无 a people；peoples 表示多个民族） 3. 复数形式改变单词含义 基础类： ①wood 单数 wood：木头、木材（不可数） 复数 woods：小树林 例：The table is made of wood.（桌子由木头制成） We walked through the woods.（我们穿过小树林） ②glass 单数 glass：玻璃；玻璃杯 复数 glasses：眼镜 例：The window is made of glass.（窗户是玻璃做的） She wears black glasses.（她戴着黑框眼镜） ③work 单数 work：工作（不可数） 复数 works：著作、文艺作品；工厂 例：I have much work to do.（我有很多工作要做） Shakespeare’s works are famous.（莎士比亚的作品很有名） 拓展类： ①paper 单数 paper：纸张（不可数）；论文（可数） 复数 papers：试卷、文件、证件 例：Please give me a piece of paper.（给我一张纸） Hand in your papers after class.（课后上交试卷） ②arm 单数 arm：手臂 复数 arms：武器 例：He hurt his left arm.（他伤到左胳膊） The soldiers carried arms.（士兵携带武器） ③good 单数 good：好处、善行（不可数） 复数 goods：商品、货物 例：Exercise does good to you.（运动对你有益） The shop sells different goods.（这家店售卖各类商品） ④time 单数 time：时间（不可数）；次数（可数） 复数 times：时代；倍数 例：I have no time to play.（我没时间玩） In old times, people lived simply.（在古代，人们生活简朴） ⑤water 单数 water：水（不可数） 复数 waters：水域、江河湖海 例：Drink more water every day.（每天多喝水） The waters of the lake are clear.（这片湖水很清澈） 4. 可数名词不规则变化 ①变元音字母 a→e（男人女人脚牙齿） man — men 男人、woman — women 女人、foot — feet 脚、tooth — teeth 牙齿 ②动物类 goose — geese 鹅、mouse — mice 老鼠 ③词尾加 -en /-ren child — children 孩子、ox — oxen 公牛 考点三 名词所有格体系 （1）'s 所有格（用于人、有生命事物） 名词类型 变形规则 例句 以 s 结尾的复数名词 词尾直接加' the teachers' office 教师办公室；my parents' car 我父母的车 不以 s 结尾的复数名词 词尾加's the children's toys 孩子们的玩具；men's room 男洗手间 两人共同拥有一样物品 仅最后一个名词加's Lily and Lucy's room 莉莉和露西共用一间房间 两人各自拥有物品 两个名词全部加's Lily's and Lucy's rooms 莉莉、露西各自的房间 （2）其他特殊类 ①时间、距离、价格等无生命名词，可用s所有格 常规无生命用 of，但时间 / 距离 / 金钱可直接加s，属于固定特殊用法 1. 时间：today’s newspaper 今天的报纸；two weeks’ holiday 两周的假期 2. 距离：ten minutes’ walk 十分钟的步行路程 3. 价格：ten yuan’s worth of apples 十元钱的苹果 补充：复数时间词，词尾只加 （weeks’/minutes’） ②复合名词的所有格，加在末尾单词 复合名词：mother-in-law（岳母）、passer-by（路人） 所有格加在最后一词： my mother-in-law’s bag 我岳母的包 the passers-by’s voices 路人的声音 ③不定代词 someone/anyone/else 的所有格 固定搭配：someone else’s 别人的 例句：This isn’t my pen, it’s someone else’s. 这支笔不是我的，是别人的。 ④省略后面重复名词的所有格（地点 / 店铺 / 家人） 1. 店铺、诊所、人家：所有格后省略 shop/home/clinic at the doctor’s (clinic) 在诊所 at my grandma’s (house) 在奶奶家 at the baker’s (shop) 在面包店 2. 前文已提物品，后文所有格省略名词 —Whose book is this? —It’s Mike’s.（省略 book） ⑤双重所有格（初中难点易错点） 结构：of + 名词性物主代词 / 人名s，表示 “众多中的一个” 公式：a/an/this/that + 名词 + of + sb’s 例句： a friend of my father’s 我爸爸众多朋友中的一位 a photo of mine 我的一张照片（不止一张） 区分： a photo of me 一张我的照片（照片里是我本人） a photo of mine 属于我的一张照片（照片不一定拍我） 考点四 量词修饰不可数名词 不可数名词无法直接变复数，依靠量词表达数量；仅量词随数字变复数，后面物质名词永远不变形 a cup of tea 一杯茶 → two cups of tea 两杯茶 a piece of bread 一片面包 → three pieces of bread 三片面包 a piece of news 一条新闻 → five pieces of news 五条新闻 考点五 名词在句子中六大成分 句子成分 功能说明 例句 主语 放在句首，动作发出者 Newspapers are useful. 报纸很有用。 宾语 放在动词 / 介词后，动作承受对象 I read newspapers every day. 我每天读报纸。 表语 放在 be 动词后，说明主语身份 She is a nurse. 她是一名护士。 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语身份 We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司经理。 定语 放在另一个名词前，修饰限定 I am an English teacher. 我是一名英语老师。 同位语 （了解） 紧跟名词后，补充解释前面名词 My friend Tom likes drawing. 我的朋友汤姆喜欢画画。 考点六 易混同义名词词义辨析 Group 1 message / note message：口头、短信、线上留言，侧重传递信息，常搭配 take a message（捎口信） 例：Can I take a message for you? 我能给你捎个口信吗？ note：手写纸质便条、简短字条，篇幅短 例：I left a note on your desk. 我在你桌上留了一张便条。 Group 2 talk / speech talk：非正式交谈、闲聊，多人随意对话 例：We had a long talk about our hobbies. 我们聊了很久爱好。 speech：正式演讲、发言，有准备的公开讲话 例：She gave a speech at the school meeting. 她在校会上发表演讲。 Group 3 power / energy power：电力、权力、机器动力；侧重外在力量、能源供给 例：The power went out last night. 昨晚停电了。 energy：人的精力、体能，内在活力 例：Kids have so much energy every day. 小孩子每天精力充沛。 Group 4 trip / travel trip：短途单次出行，可数名词，搭配 a school trip 例：Our class will take a trip to the park. 我们班要去公园短途出游。 travel：长途旅行、游历，泛指出行，多作不可数名词 例：I love travel around different cities. 我喜欢去不同城市游历。 Group 5 problem / question question：有标准答案的提问，对应动词 answer 例：Please answer my question. 请回答我的问题。 problem：需要解决的难题、麻烦事，对应动词 solve 例：We need to solve this math problem. 我们要解开这道数学难题。 Group 6 advice / suggestion advice：不可数名词，泛指忠告、建议（通用） 例：My teacher gave me good advice. 老师给了我很好的建议。 suggestion：可数名词，具体、细化的一条提议 例：Can you give me a useful suggestion? 你能给我一条实用提议吗？ Group 7 story / tale story：日常小故事、真实 / 虚构叙事，课内高频 例：My mom tells me a story every night. 妈妈每晚给我讲故事。 tale：童话、奇幻传说，多指民间神话类故事 例：It’s an old fairy tale about a rabbit. 这是一个关于兔子的古老童话。 Group 8 room / space room：侧重可占用的空位、余地（不可数）；独立房间（可数） 例：There’s no room for your bag here. 这里放不下你的包。 space：大范围空间、空地，也指太空 例：We need more space to play games. 我们需要更大的空地玩游戏。 典例示范 1．Could you give me ________, Mary? A．two bag of ice B．two bags of ices C．two bag of ices D．two bags of ice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽，你能给我两袋冰吗？ 考查不可数名词。ice“冰”，是不可数名词，bag“袋”，是可数名词。表示“两袋冰”应用two bags of ice。故选D。 2．He has a new _________. He _________ at a store. A．job; job B．work; work C．work; jobs D．job; works 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他有一个新工作。他在商店工作。 考查名词和动词用法。job工作(可数名词)；work工作(不可数名词)/工作(动词)。根据“a”可知，空一需用可数名词单数形式，用job表示“工作”；第二个空作谓语动词，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单works。故选D。 3．—Excuse me! Here’s a nice watch. Is it ________? —No, it isn’t. It’s ________. A．your; Emma B．your; Emma’s C．yours; Emma D．yours; Emma’s 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——对不起！这是一块不错的手表。是你的吗？——不，不是。是艾玛的。 考查物主代词和名词所有格。your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词；Emma人名；Emma’s艾玛的。根据题干，在询问手表归谁所有，第一个空处后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词；第二个空表示是艾玛的，应用名词所有格。故选D。 4．Today many students can find lots of useful ________ on the Internet. A．informations B．information C．thing D．piece of news 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天，许多学生可以在互联网上找到许多有用的信息。 考查不可数名词用法。information信息，不可数名词；thing东西，可数名词；news消息，不可数名词。a lot of“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。A选项形式错误，排除；C选项应该要变为复数形式；D选项piece要变为复数。故选B。 5．You are good-looking when you wear a pair of ________. (glass) 【答案】glasses 【详解】句意：你戴上一副眼镜很好看。根据“wear a pair of”可知是，戴上一副眼镜，glass“玻璃”，glasses“眼镜”，复数，作“眼镜”讲没有单数形式。故填glasses。 6．________ use nets to catch fish in the sea. (fish) 【答案】Fishermen 【详解】句意：渔民用网在海里捕鱼。句子缺乏主语，应用fisherman表示“渔民”，谓语动词是原形，句子是一般现在时，主语应用复数形式，句首字母需大写。故填Fishermen。 7．Tina takes part in many school ________ (activity). 【答案】activities 【详解】句意：Tina参加了许多学校活动。many后加可数名词复数，activities“活动”。故填activities。 即学即练习 1．There are two ________ chopsticks on the table. A．pairs of B．pair of C．pair D．pairs 【答案】A 【详解】句意：桌子上有两双筷子。 考查量词用法。a pair of表示“一副，一双”，是固定短语；空前有数词two，量词需变成复数形式，即two pairs of。故选A。 2．I’ve got ________ to finish doing my homework on time. A．time enough B．enough time C．times enough D．enough times 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有足够的时间按时完成我的作业。 考查形容词和名词。time时间，是不可数名词；作“次数，倍数”时，是可数名词；enough足够的，是一个形容词，放在修饰的名词前。根据“to finish doing my homework on time”可知，该句中time意为“时间”，是不可数名词，故选B。 3．In ten ________ time, Shanghai will be more beautiful. A．year B．years C．year’s D．years’ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：十年后，上海将会更漂亮。 考查名词所有格。year“年”，可数名词，复数形式为years；根据“In ten...time”可知此处应用复数名词的所有格形式修饰time，years的所有格为years’。故选D。 4．As good ________, Tony and Peter don’t tell lies to each other. (friend) 【答案】friends 【详解】句意：作为好朋友，托尼和彼得互不说谎。friend“朋友”，可数名词；根据“Tony and Peter”可知，空处应用其复数形式。故填friends。 5．Look! The _________ (model) are showing beautiful clothes of different styles at the show. 【答案】models 【详解】句意：看！模特们正在秀场上展示不同风格的漂亮衣服。根据所给单词可知，model“模特”，是可数名词，复数形式是models。根据空格后面的are可知这里应该用复数形式。故填models。 6．Dad cut the lemon into ________ (half) with a knife. 【答案】halves 【详解】句意：爸爸用刀把柠檬切成两半。根据常识可知，一个东西可以切为两半，空格处需要使用名词half的复数形式halves。故填halves。 7．Jane’s father likes to take ________ for the family. (photo) 【答案】photos 【详解】句意：简的爸爸喜欢为全家照相。固定短语：take photos“照相”，所以本空应填photos。故填photos。 8．My uncle and aunt work in different ________(factory). 【答案】factories 【详解】句意：我的叔叔和阿姨在不同的工厂工作。根据“My uncle and aunt work in different…”可知，此处指的是在不同的工厂工作，应用可数名词factory的复数形式。故填factories。 易混易错 1．In the past, all of the bus drivers were ________ . A．man drivers B．men drivers C．men driver D．mans drivers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去，所有的公共汽车司机都是男司机。 考查名词作定语。根据“were”可知，名词用复数。man，woman修饰其他名词，若变复数形式，都作相应变化。所以man和driver都要变复数，故选B。 2．Shanghai will be more beautiful ________. A．in 10 year’s time B．in 10 year time C．in 10 years’ times D．in 10 years’ time 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上海将会更加美丽十年后。 考查名词所有格。结合四个选项可知，此处是所有格结构，10修饰复数名词years，词尾有s，变成所有格直接加“’”即可，time是不可数名词，不能加s，故选D。 3．Don’t give me so ________. A．many advice B．much advices C．many advices D．much advice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要给我这么多建议。 考查不可数名词。advice为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能用many修饰，表示“许多建议”时应用much来修饰不可数名词。故选D。 4．You can find two ________ in our school hall. (piano) 【答案】pianos 【详解】句意：你会发现学校礼堂有两台钢琴。piano“钢琴”，可数名词，two后加复数，piano的复数是pianos。故填pianos。 5．My mother has a few beautiful ________. (scarf) 【答案】scarves 【详解】句意：我妈妈有几条漂亮的围巾。scarf“围巾”，a few修饰可数名词复数，故填scarves。 解题方略 量词结构口诀：量词变，名词不变； 所有格判断口诀：共有最后加，各自全部加；无生命事物用 of； 看到 family/class/team，先判断强调整体还是成员，再匹配动词单复数； 完形遇到名词，先区分词义，再判断上下句； 句子成分题：be 动词后名词为表语，动词后名词为宾语，名词修饰名词作定语。 【基础通关】 一、单项选择 1．Austin, a friend of ________, volunteered to help deaf people in China. A．I B．mine C．my D．me 【答案】B 【详解】句意：奥斯汀，我的一个朋友，自愿帮助中国的聋人。 考查代词辨析。I我，人称代词主格；mine我的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；me我，人称代词宾格。a friend of mine“我的一个朋友”，此时用双重所有格，of后用名词性物主代词。故选B。 2．This is ______________ room. A．Mary and Jack B．Mary’s and Jack’s C．Mary’s and Jack D．Mary and Jack’s 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是玛丽和杰克的房间。 考查名词所有格。Mary and Jack玛丽和杰克； Mary’s and Jack’s玛丽的和杰克的（各自所有）；Mary’s and Jack错误表达；Mary and Jack’s玛丽和杰克的（共同所有）。根据“This is...room”可知，只有一个房间，所以是共同所有。故填D。 3．I will buy two ________. A．box B．boxs C．boxes D．boxses 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我要买两个盒子。 考查名词的复数形式。根据空前two“两个”可知，空处应用box的复数形式，以x结尾的名词复数末尾加es，用boxes。故选C。 4．There are quite a lot of ________ on the beach. A．child B．people C．sandcastle D．pollution 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在海滩上有相当多的人们。 考查名词辨析。child孩子；people人们；sandcastle沙堡,可数名词，这里应该用复数形式； pollution污染。根据on the beach.在沙滩上，应该是有许多人们。根据题意，故选B。 5．We can ask the teachers for _________. A．an advice B．some advice C．much advices D．many advices 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以向老师寻求一些建议。 考查不可数名词用法。advice是不可数名词，不能加s，但是可以用some修饰，故选B。 6．—________ your ________ play sports every day? —Yes, soccer is their favorite. A．Are, classmates B．Do, classmates C．Is, classmate D．Does, classmates 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的同学们每天都做运动吗？——是的，足球是他们的最爱。 考查一般疑问句。根据答句“Yes, soccer is their favorite.”可知，此处指足球是他们的最爱，故推测出主语为复数classmates；根据“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时；根据“...your...play sports every day?”可知，谓语动词为play，动词原形，故该一般疑问句应用助动词do开头。故选B。 7．We should do _________ to keep us healthy. A．many exercises B．much exercise C．many exercise D．much exercises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该多做运动来保持健康。 考查名词和形容词辨析。exercise锻炼，不可数名词；exercises练习，操，可数名词。根据“keep us healthy”可知，此处指的是“锻炼”，是不可数名词，应用much修饰，故选B。 8．You must wear white shirts with ________ sleeves, blue ________ and white socks. A．short; short B．short; shorts C．shorts; short D．shorts; shorts 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你必须穿白色短袖衬衫，蓝色短裤和白袜子。 考查名词和形容词用法。short作形容词表示“短的”；short后加s变为shorts，表示“短裤”。第一空是作定语修饰名词，应用形容词short，排除CD选项；第二空是指蓝色短裤，应用名词shorts。故选B。 9．Jim is 170 _________ tall and he weighs 60 ________. A．centimetre; kilogram B．centimetres; kilogram C．centimetres; kilograms D．centimetre; kilograms 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吉姆高170厘米并且他重60千克。 考查名词复数。“centimetre”为可数名词，170大于1，所以后面的名词用复数的形式，“centimetre”以不发音e结尾，复数尾直接加s；“kilogram”也为可数名词，60大于1，后也用名词复数形式，“kilogram”的复数直接加s。故选C。 10．I want to go to other _______ to spend my holiday. A．place B．a place C．places D．a places 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想去其他地方度假。 考查名词单复数辨析。“other”意为“别的、其他的”，后接可数名词时，通常使用其复数形式，故选C。 二、完形填空 Pearl and June were good friends and spent most of their time together. They were very old and worried about their 11 . Most of the time they talked about nothing else. They worried about their food. Was it clean? Would it give them pains(疼痛) in the stomach? They worried about the 12 . Was it too cold and wet? Would it give them pains in their bones? They worried about pollution in the air. Would it give them pains in their chests and throat? They worried about being hurt in a car accident, getting sick, and so on. 13 that they could think about was being ill or hurt. One day they went on a train trip together. “We’ll need some food,” Pearl said. “We’ll buy some bananas,” June said. “They are good to eat and always clean.” So they bought two bananas to eat on the train. It was not long before they were 14 . Pearl took out the bananas and gave one to June. Then she peeled the skin of her banana and took a large bite of it. At that moment the train went into a tunnel. Everything went black. “Don’t eat your banana,” Pearl 15 June. “Mine has made me go blind!” 11．A．money B．health C．food D．fruit 12．A．place B．wind C．weather D．future 13．A．Any B．All C．Nothing D．Something 14．A．hungry B．safe C．sick D．thirsty 15．A．smiled at B．shouted at C．waited for D．woke up 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了两个老人非常担心她们的健康。在一次旅行中，因为正好在火车进隧道时吃了香蕉，以为是香蕉把老人变瞎的故事。 【详解】11．句意：她们非常老了，很担心她们的健康。 money钱；health健康；food食物；fruit水果。根据下文“They worried about their food. Was it clean? Would it give them pains(疼痛) in the stomach?”可知，两个老人主要关心的是她们的健康，故选B。 12．句意：她们很担心天气。 place地方；wind风；weather天气；future将来。根据“Was it too cold and wet?”可知这句话描述的是天气，因此她们担心的是天气，故选C。 13．句意：她们所想到的就是生病或者受伤。 Any任何；All所有；Nothing没有什么；Something某事。根据“They worried about being hurt in a car accident, getting sick, and so on.”可知，她们所有想的都是有关生病或者受伤的，所有的all，故选B。 14．句意：不久之后，她们就饿了。 hungry饥饿的；safe安全的；sick生病的；thirsty口渴的。根据“Pearl took out the bananas and gave one to June.”可知，她们拿香蕉出来吃，肯定是肚子饿了，故选A。 15．句意：Pearl朝June大喊到。 smiled at对……微笑；shouted at对……大喊；waited for等待；woke up醒来。根据“Mine has made me go blind!”可知，老人觉得自己眼睛瞎了，肯定是对伙伴大喊，让她不要吃，故选B。 三、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tony is in a clothes store. He is 16 small boy and he is eight years old. “Can I help you ?” the woman 17 (ask). “Yes, please. I want a sweater.” Tony says. The woman takes some nice sweaters in all 18 (color). “Do you like 19 (they)?” she asks. “Yes, I like this red one.” Tony says, “ 20 it’s not big.” “ 21 (real)?” the woman says, “I think it’s big for you.” “Not for me,” Tony says, “This Sunday is my 22 (mother) birthday. It’s for her.” “You 23 (be) a great boy,” the woman says. “Let 24 (I) get a big red sweater for you. Then Tony gets a red sweater.” “It’s for my mother,” he thinks. “She must like it.” “How much is it?” he asks. “30 dollars.” the woman says. Tony looks at his money (钱) and says, “I don’t have so much for it. What can I do?” “OK. You are a 25 (well) boy, so it’s only twenty dollars.” The woman says. 【答案】 16．a 17．asks 18．colors 19．them 20．But 21．Really 22．mother’s 23．are 24．me 25．good 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小Tony为妈妈买生日礼物的过程。 【详解】16．句意：他是一个小男孩，他8岁。根据“boy”可知此处表示泛指，应填不定冠词，而small为辅音音素开头，故填a。 17．句意：“我能帮助你吗？”女人问。根据“Tony says.”可知文章时态为一般现在时，而主语woman为第三人称单数，故填asks。 18．句意：女人拿了一些各色的好毛衣。color“颜色”，可数名词，根据“all”可知此处应用其复数形式，故填colors。 19．句意：你喜欢它们吗？根据“like”为动词可知此处应填人称代词的宾格作宾语，故填them。 20．句意：但是它不大。根据“Yes, I like this red one”和“it’s not big”可知此处应填表转折关系的并列连词，位于句首首字母需要大写，故填But。 21．句意：真地吗？real“真的”，由语境可知此处应填其副词，常用于口语，位于句首首字母需要大写，故填Really。 22．句意：这周日是我妈妈的生日。根据“birthday”为名词可知此处应填名词所有格作定语，故填mother’s。 23．句意：你是一个好男孩。根据句子主语you可知，此处be动词应用are，故填are。 24．句意：让我给你拿一件大的红毛衣。根据“let”为动词可知此处应填人称代词的宾格作宾语，故填me。 25．句意：你是一个好男孩。根据“boy”为名词可知此处应填形容词作定语，故填good。 【培优提升】 一、单项选择 1．That is ________ bedroom. It’s small but tidy. A．Ben’s and Andy B．Ben’s and Andy’s C．Ben and Andy’s D．Ben and Andy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那是本和安迪的卧室。它很小，但很整洁。 考查名词所有格。表示两者共同拥有的事物，在后者使用名词所有格；表示两者分别拥有的事物，在两者后都使用名词所有格。根据“It’s small but tidy.”可知，是指本和安迪共有的卧室，应在Andy上使用名词所有格，故选C。 2．Linda has healthy eating habits. She always has ________ and ________ for lunch. A．fishes; noodles B．mutton; ice-cream C．chicken; beef D．salad; dumpling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琳达有健康的饮食习惯。她午餐总是吃鸡肉和牛肉。 考查名词辨析。fishes鱼类；noodles面条；mutton羊肉；ice-cream冰淇淋；chicken鸡肉；beef牛肉；salad莎拉；dumpling饺子。fish意为“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词，故排除A；午饭总是吃ice-cream，不健康，故排除B；dumpling是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故排除D；C选项都是不可数名词，且很健康。故选C。 3．—Sir, may I take your order? —OK. I’d like one bowl of ________. A．eggs noodles B．noodles with egg C．egg noodle D．egg noodles 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——先生，你现在点菜吗？——好的。我想要一碗鸡蛋面。 考查名词的用法。鸡蛋面中，“鸡蛋”修饰“面条”，“鸡蛋”不需要用复数，而“面条”为可数名词，要用复数，可排除AC选项；B选项中“鸡蛋”跟在with后面，要么是an egg，要么是eggs，所以排除B选项。故选D。 4．Joe’s mother bought a ________ for Joe as his birthday present yesterday. A．pair of shoe B．pairs of shoes C．pair of shoes D．pair of two shoes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：乔的妈妈昨天给乔买了一双鞋作为生日礼物。 考查形容词短语。a pair of“一双”，后面的名词用复数，a pair of shoes“一双鞋”，故选C。 5．Peter and Joe tried to use the computer to find ________ about forests. A．a information B．an information C．some information D．some informations 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得和乔试图用电脑找到一些关于森林的信息。 考查不可数名词。information信息，消息，不可数名词，不可用a/an修饰，没有复数形式，故选C。 6．In such hot weather, ________ can refresh you. A．a bit water B．a bit of water C．a lot water D．lots of waters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这么热的天气，一点儿水就可以让你清醒。 考查不可数名词。a bit有点，接形容词或副词；a bit of一点儿，接不可数名词；a lot of许多，接可数名词复数或不可数名词；lots of接可数名词复数或不可数名词。“water”是不可数名词，不能变复数加“s”，D选项错误。表示“一点儿水”用“a bit of water”。表达“很多水”用“a lot of water”或“lots of water”。故选B。 7．There are two ________ and many ________ on Mr. Li’s desk. A．paper; newspaper B．piece of paper; newspapers C．pieces of paper; newspaper D．pieces of paper; newspapers 【答案】D 【详解】句意：李先生桌上有两张纸和许多报纸。 考查可数名词与不可数名词。paper“纸”，不可数名词；a piece of“一张”，a piece of paper“一张纸”，two pieces of paper“两张纸”；newspaper“报纸”，可数名词，复数为newspapers；many修饰可数名词复数，many newspapers“许多报纸”。故选D。 8．June 1st is ________ Day and September 10th is ________ Day. A．Children;Teacher B．Childrens’;Teachers C．Childrens’;Teacher’s D．Children’s;Teachers’ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：6月1日是儿童节，9月10日是教师节。 考查名词和节假日的用法。儿童节的表达是：Children’s Day；教师节的表达是：Teachers’ Day，故选D。 9．We haven’t got much _________ for our picnic. Will you go and get some? A．apple B．tomato C．bread D．biscuit 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们没有太多的面包用来野餐。你能去买一些吗？ 考查名词辨析。apple苹果；tomato西红柿；bread面包；biscuit饼干。此空为名词作宾语，much修饰不可数名词，其中bread为不可数名词，其余三个为可数名词。故选C。 10．They felt very tired after two _______long walk. A．hour B．hours C．hour’s D．hours’ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：走了两个小时的路，他们感到很累。 考查固定搭配。走两个小时的路：two-hour walk /two hours’ walk ；根据two，所以hour用复数，所以是hours，根据以s结尾的名词，直接加’变为：……的。结合句意及选项：走了两个小时的路，他们感到很累。故选D。 二、完形填空 New rules for middle school students came out in March. Schools will use these new rules to show if you are a good student or not. Students must 11 these new rules. Be honest (讲诚信). Have you ever cheated (作弊) in an exam? If you have, don’t do it again! That’s something dishonest, which good students 12 do. Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the Moon or Mars? Maybe we should 13 another Earth to move onto if our Earth were in danger in the future.    Be kind and helpful. Be always 14 to your classmates, teachers and parents. Give them a helping hand if someone is in trouble.     Take part in school activities. April is “Bird-loving Month” in China. If your school has some 15 about birds on the day, you should join! You can learn more about animals and how to look 16 them. 11．A．break B．make C．study D．follow 12．A．must B．mustn’t C．need to D．needn’t 13．A．see B．find C．get D．save 14．A．friend B．unfriendly C．friendly D．unkind 15．A．activities B．rules C．markets D．food 16．A．for B．at C．up D．after 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了成为优等生需要遵守的一些规则。 【详解】11．句意：学生们必须遵守这些新规定。 break打破；make制作；study学习；follow跟随。根据“these new rules.”可知是指遵守规则，故选D。 12．句意：那是不诚实的事，好学生不应该这样做。 must必须；mustn’t禁止；need to需要；needn’t不需要。根据“That’s something dishonest,”可知禁止做这些不诚实的事情，故选B。 13．句意：如果我们的地球在未来面临危险，也许我们应该找到另一个地球。 see看见；find找到；get得到；save拯救。根据“if our Earth were in danger in the future.”可知如果我们的地球在未来面临危险，我们需要找到另一个地球。故选B。 14．句意：永远对你的同学、老师和家长友好。 friend朋友；unfriendly不友好的；friendly友好的；unkind不友善的。根据“Be kind and helpful.”可知要友好，故选C。 15．句意：如果你的学校有一些关于鸟的活动，你应该参加! activities活动；rules规则；markets市场；food食物。根据“Take part in school activities”可知是指参加活动，故选A。 16．句意：你可以学到更多关于动物和如何照顾它们的知识。 for为了；at在；up向上；after之后。look after“照顾”，是固定短语，此处是指照顾动物，故选D。 三、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s a nice afternoon. Peppa and some of her 16 (friend) are in Grandpa Pig’s garden (花园). Grandpa Pig asks them a question, “Do you want 17 (play) a game? Four eggs 18 (be) in my garden. Can you find them?” “Yes, Grandpa Pig!” they say. Peppa gets 19 egg in a plant pot (花盆). Rebecca finds one under a plant and Freddy sees one, too. What about Richard? 20 (do) he find the last one? No! Richard asks his friends 21 help. They look for (找) the last egg everywhere, 22 they can’t find it. Grandpa Pig comes to them and puts (放) 23 (he) hat on Richard’s head. Then he takes it away (拿走). An egg is on Richard’s head! Now Richard has an egg, too. “What can we do now?” Peppa and her friends 24 (ask). “Eggs are 25 (health). You can eat them.” Then they eat their eggs. 【答案】16．friends 17．to play 18．are 19．an 20．Does 21．for 22．but 23．his 24．ask 25．healthy 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了佩奇和朋友在花园里玩寻找鸡蛋的游戏。 16．句意：佩奇和她的一些朋友在猪爷爷的花园里。some of后接可数名词时需用复数，故填friends。 17．句意：猪爷爷问他们一个问题：“你们想玩游戏吗？”want to do sth“想要做某事”，此处应用不定式，故填to play。 18．句意：四个鸡蛋在我的花园里。主语four eggs是复数，be动词用are，故填are。 19．句意：佩奇在花盆里得到了一个鸡蛋。根据“Peppa gets ... egg in a plant pot”可知，找到一个鸡蛋，此处应用不定冠词泛指“一个”，且egg发音第一个音素是元音音素，故填an。 20．句意：他找到最后一个了吗？主语he是三单，助动词用does，且句首字母大写，故填Does。 21．句意：理查德向他的朋友们求助。ask sb for help“向某人寻求帮助”，固定搭配，故填for。 22．句意：他们到处寻找最后一颗蛋，但是找不到。根据“They look for (找) the last egg everywhere, ... they can’t find it.”可知，虽然到处找了，但是找不到。前后句是转折关系，but“但是”表示转折，故填but。 23．句意：猪爷爷来到他们身边，把他的帽子戴在理查德的头上。此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词hat，he对应的形容词性物主代词是his“他的”，故填his。 24．句意：“我们现在能做什么呢？”佩奇和她的朋友们问。主语Peppa and her friends是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填ask。 25．句意：鸡蛋是健康的。be动词后应用形容词作表语，health是名词，形容词是healthy“健康的”，故填healthy。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $